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0LUME68-NUMBER8
DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA —SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1990
TELEPHONE (919) 682-2913
PRICE:30 CENTS
Mother of Civil Rights Movemenf Rosa Parks
Urges Support For Nelson Mandela
WASHINGTON, D.C. — With
final singing of "We Shall
.trcome" as Mrs. Rosa Louise
:CauIey Parks was surrounded
entertainers, ministers,
lilicians, civil rights leaders, life-
friends and gospel choirs on
Kennedy Center stage, it was
ivious that the Alabama bus
jycott heroine had come to
jshington, charmed the nation
conquered all on her 77th
ihday last February 4.
Standing regally among the
iplauding supporters, the
;minutive, five-foot former
ontgomery seamstress who
(led America’s first non-violent
jtest, climaxed unprecedented
Sek History Month activities by
jqucntly calling for continued
.pport of the now worldwide
mggle as she urged that "we all
ipport Nelson Mandela" even
fore the African leader’s release
)in prison in South Africa.
Dressed in an elegant, flowing
gown, "she looked like a
;icn. Our Queen," said C. Delores
tker, general chair and executive
jducer of the National Tribute,
(ing the hectic, five day visit in
United States capital, Mrs.
iks was hailed by Senators,
mbers of Congress and their
i[fs in the Capitol building;
isted at a reception in the House
Representatives Rayburn office
ilding; had tea at the White
juse with President George
ish’s wife, Barbara; held several
idia conferences, including a
ich for "Distinguished Daughters
'the Press"; hosted a dinner at the
ilergate Hotel for hometown
nds and associates; presided at
concert in her honor in the
forming Arts Hall and finally
ide an appearance at the closing
:cption in the atrium of the
laiial riverfront edifice.
On one day she simply had to
without seeing anyone but me"
■id Tucker who devoted ten
jnllis to arranging liie exciting
■ents at Mrs. Park’s request after
former employer. Rep. John
inyers (D-MI) and friends
mceived the fundraising affair for
lady who has devoted her life to
civil rights movement. When
sat down on that segregated
we all stood tall" said Mrs.
icker in another version of the
me which has become the
mbol of the "Mother of the
bvement".
The celebrity-packed, sold-out
owd turned into a standing room
idience as the audience of
iproximatcly 5,000 patrons
pcatedly rose to their feet to pay
ibulc to Mrs. Parks for sparking
the demonstrations led by Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr. Such stars
as Lou Rawls, Dionne Warwick,
Cicely Tyson, Clair Underwood,
Melissa Manchester, Marilyn
McCoo, Melba Moore, Cyril
Neville, Sister Sledge, Dick
Gregory and NBC weatherman
Willard Scott joined Coretta Scott
King, Myrlic Evers, Congressman
Conyers, Rep, Walter E. Fauntroy,
Rev. Joseph Lowery, SCLC
president, and NAACP president
Ben Hooks in the personal salutes
to tlie honorce.
Satellite greetings were also
displayed by video screens from
stars Phylicia Rashad, Alfre
Woodtud, Debbie Allen, Dorothy
Height, president of the National
Council of Negro Women, Gregory
Peck and Jesse Jackson from South
Africa.
One of the more touching
moments came when the widows of
assassinated civil rights leaders
King and Mississippi NAACP
director Medgar Evers embraced
Mrs. Parks. "Your strength inspired
Martin and all of us to come forth
and be counted in the struggle foi
basis human rights", Mrs. King tola
the honored matron in referring to
her husband assuming leadership of
the demonstrations which
eventually led to the nationwide
and worldwide movement against
racism, war and injustice
everywhere.
Before the concert, Mrs. Parks
dined with 88 year old Everee
Ward, an aunt from Ozark, Ala;
Virginia Durr, widow of Clifford
Durr, a white Montgomery lawyer
who first represented her when she
was arrested for not giving up her
seat to a white bus rider according
to Alabama’s segregation laws, and
Ally. Fred Gray, the NAACP
lawyer who handled most of the
civil rights cases in the state in die
1950s.
Proceeds from the conevert will
be used to support Mrs. Park’s
dream of developing the Rosa and
Raymond Park Institute for Self
Development of Youth. It was
established in Detroit in 1987 in
memory of her late husband who
introduced his wife to activism as
an NAACP worker for the teenage
"Negro" Scottsboro Boys, unjustly
accused of raping a fellow-"white
girl hobo" in the 1930s. Mrs Parks
was secretary of the Montgomery
NAACP when she was arrested for
violating the bus segregation laws
in 1955.
Admission to the stellar
fundraiser ranged from SlOO to
$25,000 for contributors, donors,
patrons and benefactors.
HHS Asst.
Secretary To
Speak At
UDI Annual
Meeting
1. J
Dean Louis Westerfield, from the NCCU School of Law, was graduation speaker for the DARE program
at Morehead School recently. DARE, Drug Abuse Resistance Education, hopes to keep young people from
becoming involved with drugs. Some of the graduates shown from left to right are: Duaneda Brown,
Chevelle Bullock and Daniel Edwards, seated is Dean Westerfield. (Photo by Mayfield)
Four of Five Public Schools Teach
HIV Prevention, Survey Shows
ALEXANDRIA, Va. — Nearly
80 percent of the nation’s public
schools now provide educational
programs for students to help stop
the spread of HIV (human
immunodeficiency virus) that leads
to AIDS, according to a survey just
published by the National School
Boards Association.
But much remains to be done,
especially in suburban schools and
among students in the junior and
senior grades, results of the survey
show.
Of 332 school districts
nationwide participating in the
survey, 79 percent require HIV
prevention education for their
students. Of these, 20 I percent
started instruction during the 1986-
87 school year, 32 percent in 1987-
88, and 37 percent in 1988-89.
Nine percent intend to begin
instruction in 1989-90.
The proportion of districts
requiring HIV education generally
increases at each grade level
through the seventh grade, where it
reaches its peak, and then gradually
declines. Eighty-five percent
require such education for seventh
graders, but only 58 percent for
12th graders. At all grade levels,
districts most often integrate HIV
education into their health
education curriculum. Stand-alone
programs, such as student
assemblies, are utilized most often
in grades 11 and 12.
All districts surveyed include
three topics in their HIV
curriculum: how HIV is .tot
transmitted, fears and myths about
AIDS, and abstinence from drug
use. These subjects are most often
introduced in elementary school.
Topics most often addressed for
the first time in middle schools are
homosexuality, abstinence from
sexual intercourse, use of condoms,
and the risk of unprotected sexual
intercourse.
Urban school districts are most
likely to includa^'in their HIV
curriculum a discussion of
condoms as a means of reducing
the risk of HIV infection (97
percent), and the risks of
unprotected anal intercourse (81
percent) and oral intercourse (76
percent). Suburban districts are
least likely to include discussion of
homosexuality (68 percent).
Eighty percent of districts that
require HIV education for theii
general education students also
require it for special education
students.
Ninety-four percent of districts
requiring HIV prevention education
permit students to be excused from
all or part of the instruction at a
parent’s request. Of these districts,
80 percent report that fewer than
one percent of parents exercise this
option.
The classroom teacher most
often provides FHV instruction in
kindergarten through grade 6, while
a health teacher has primary
responsibility in grades 7 through
12. The most frequent use of school
nurses as instructors is in grades
four through six. Public health
officials and community agency
staff provide HIV education most
(Continued On Page 7)
DR. THOMAS
Dr. Eunice Thomas, acting
assistant secretary for the F’amily
Support administration withi.n the
Department of Health and Human
Services, will be the speaker foir the
15th annual meeting-banquet of
UDI Community Development
Corporation. The event is
scheduled to be held at St. Joseph'’s
AME Church, at 7 p.m. on Marc h
1.
Emphasis of Dr. Thomas;
presentation will be on the
commitment of the Health and
Human Service Department to
support economic activities in
deprived communities across the
country. Dr. Thomas has the
responsibility of evaluating the
effectiveness of community
development corporations in their
efforts to address unemployment in
designated areas.
In her role as acting assistant
secretary, she administers federal
programs focused on strengthening
the family and increasing their self-
sufficiency. These programs are aid
to families with dependent
children, child support
enforcement, refugee resettlement,
and the community services
programs. She directs
implementation of welfare reform
as embodied in the family support
act of 1988 and manages a staff of
more than 1,000 and a budget in
excess of $14 billion.
Having worked previously for
four cabinet level secretaries in the
Department of Transportation and
Labor, Eunice Thomas ioined the
Continued Ou Page 4)
Lotteries Present Policy Dilemmas
Duke University News Service
The fanner’s lottery ticket is swept away by the
lind and catches tlic attention of a cow who picks up
ic ticket. Later, the cow is seen riding in a
mousinc.
Lotteries appear to be this decade’s painless wav to
aisc suite funds, but lottery advcrtiscn.eii!'. suih as
te one mentioned above promise quick and easy
‘talth and may be harmful to the values traditionally
icccptcd by our society, say two Duke University
Jublic poliey professors.
Lottery advertising conveys the impression that a
ralistic way to achieve your financial goal is to play
fc lottery. This approach may be competing with the
®orc traditional strategics of working hard and
Kiting an education,” said Philip Cook, Ph.D.
Cook and Charles Clotfclter, Ph.D., who have joint
Professorships in the departments of economics and
public policy, collaborated to write the recently
'deased book "Selling Hope; Suttc Lotteries in
lincrica" (Harvard University Press.)
"We teach our children certain things. Among
tosc things is usually not, ‘Go out and sec if good
briune befalls you.’ Instead, it’s, ‘Go out and sec if
sou can make your own future,’" Clotfclter said.
A significant problem with lottery advertising is
tat an agency of the state government sponsors such
idvertisements, the authors say.
"Lottery tickets are being sold the same way as
ip, fried chicken or pizza," Clotfclter said. "But the
Hg difference here is that it’s an agency of the state
Sovemment that is persuading its citizens to buy a
tertain product. The only virtue of this product is that
it brings in money for the state."
Also, unlike private sweepstakes, which arc
regulated by the federal government, state lotteries in
many ca.scs do not disclose the odds of winning a big
prize or other pertinent information. And lottery
advertisements can be misleading.
"They give the overwhelming impression that there
arc going to be a lot of winners, that you yourself
could win and that it could change your life,"
Clotfclter said.
The new book covers numerous aspects of state
lotteries including public finance issues and state
politics of adoption. Cook and Clotfclter worked on
the book for more than three years.
Although prohibited in every state throughout most
of this century, lotteries have in recent years been
adopted by 32 states and are now operating in every
section of the country.
And the bandwagon is still rolling, with most of
the remaining states currently debating the possibility
of adopting a lottery, Cook said. It’s an option for
raising revenue that states find hard to turn down
even though it brings in on average less than 4
percent of their total revenue.
"The reason states find lottery revenue appealing is
it’s better than nothing," Cook said.
The two professors say that lottery tickets in e‘'fect
constitute a new tax that has its greatest effev an
lower-income citizens. Although h ,te y brkets are
not really taxed, the price of a lotte . i r in^ted
because the state places an imr .t;i "at on it by
keeping a portion of the proce as, t Wtfelter said.
This implicit tax takes a higher percent ge of funding
from low income groups than from middle ad upper
income groups.
Also, the implicit tax rate on lotteries, or the
percentage of funds that goes to the state, is much
higher than excise tax rates on heavily taxed
commodities such as tobacco and alcohol products.
It’s only a matter of time until North Carolina
adopts a lottery, the two economists predicted, and in
the meantime, N.C. citizens play lotteries in nearby
states.
"A lot of people will enjoy playing the North
Carolina lottery when it comes," Clotfclter said.
"Many North Carolina citizens already are having a
good time scratching off those instant game tickets to
see if they can win. The urge to take a chance, the
camaraderie that goes along with group activities,
having an event to talk about these kinds of things are
going to appeal to people."
However, state officials should carefully consider
the rules governing lottery operations. Cook and
Clotfeltcr said. In particular, several states (including
Virginia) have placed restrictions on lottery
advertising. And there is an important question of
whether the prize structure should be made more
generous.
States can choose what percentage of money raised
by the lottery will be paid out in prizes. A high
payoff rate would give players a greater chance to
come out ahead. (States typically offer about half of
their gross revenues from lotteries as prizes.)
State governments also could designate lottery
revenue to initiate a new program, such as a project
to help the homeless or support public housing,
Clotfclter said. However, earmarking the funds in this
way makes lotteries less attractive to state legislators
because of the need to support existing programs, he
explained.
Lotteries will continue to change, and the lottery of
tomorrow will be vastly different from the one today.
Cook said. Lotteries are also moving into the high-
technology field, and betting from the living room via
television sets and personal computers are likely to ■
be future ways to participate. Cook said. Lotteries arc
aheady so popular that 60 percent of the adults in
states with lotteries purchase at least one ticket a
year.
"For good or ill, lotteries are here to slay," CtoR
said. "What we have here is by normal marketing
standards a booming success and I think that’s a fact
we’re going to have to live with."
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