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RALEIGH, N. C- -PUBLISHED (weeklt) BY WILLIAM BOYLN.
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OL. lv
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1810.
No. 753.
FROM THE FUEIMAN J JOURNAL.
frS UPON FRENCH INFLUENCE.
;r, ' National Intelligencer, thTgreaf politi-
"in (I W1C a'llllilliau miuiu ui j v.1,1.1 avu auu
In, has manifested great apprehensions in
rice of the publication ot Wo. VII. ol
ll.-iicrs, ami has attempted a formal refuta-
it, In point of style too pure for the pen
sotr, too elevated to have been written by
iimon paragraphists of Washington city,
JlCSUng, ""til 11 ,a uim lb ia
:r to an attack Which '.we confess was a ve-
. r . i . . i ' i
fcrtonc, muen more oi.iuc manner vviucn
;i results Ir jm the spirit ot a gentleman,
I spy C.P.ci t'ciiiyciai iii mc wniicu uiuikb
j- t. . l
Hi lkeiy to cuspiay, u is natural u ascnue
Ubrmance to the present President of the
States But whether it be the production
I Jefferson, of Mr. Madison, of Mr. Secre-
ijjl'll, 01 iir. urmi&er, 01 ui atii. uum,
hr of the Intelligencer, is quite immateri-
it is presented to the public with all the
and pressure" 01 an omciai vinuicauon oi
and present aumuusirauons, now wen
. . ... '..i ...j j:j
ito be completely am&jgamaieu auu men
Jharge of French influence. Although the
of these letters can never cescena to no-
It miserable insects which sometimes buz
i ears, yet he can with , credit enter into
taraent with the administration, and will at
:up the gauntlet which it has thrown to
fact, acting upon the principle jjjat there was
no vpain, make the war her own. Havingas
certained -if indeed it can he said to hve ascer
tained what it well knew already that -France
Spam, and having ascertained also that France
wanted moneys Admimstratiort"--determinedto
buy off &s one would say in common life, by pay
ing eight millions of dollars for a boundary to
that country for which it had paid fifteen millions
without a boundary. This is the long and short
of the whole business. The statement, thercforej
that this threat on the part of France, accompa
nied with"! gentle hint that money would be ac
ceptable, influenced Administration to abandon
the idea of honourablyjnairitaining our rights a
gainst that power, (remember there was no1 Spain)
influenced it to succumb to that power in a most
mean and bae manner, and influenced it to con
ceal the state of our .'foreign relations from the
people, remains uncontradicted. Had France
said, " If you go to war with Spain, we shall do
no more, than fumish her, agreeably to treaty,
with 1 800(J infantry, 6000 cavalry and a propor
tionable train of artillery,'' as little of a sojdier as
the Commander in Chief of our Armies 8c Navies
was, it is perhaps but common charity to believe
that he would have contented himself with giv
ing up all our claims for Spanish and French spo
liations, and with relinquishing West Florida and
the immense region between the Colorado and
the Rio Bravo, which countries he claimed as a
part of Louisiana, in order to obtain a boundary
for the " string of land" that would then be left
to us. Will any man now doubt that Adminis
tration acted under the influence of a fear of
France ?
- Administration has tacitly admitted (it could
not possibly hare denied) the whole of the facts
stated in No.-VH. It has admitted that it had
1 Ml r r fa mm 4 ll r. mm . t ll. 1 . I 1 . . 'T
nittine', with much candour, the perfect
ttness of every fact which was stated in No.
hdministration contends that it could onlv
Iminated by one of those facts, and that one known for years that France managed all the con
. I . mi or i
hams to extHain awav. Th s exD anation is cerns oi opam ; mat l nomas jenerson naa oeen
in the following manner.
Vhois there so ignorant as not to know that
treaty of alliance between France and Spain
existing, there was contained an article,
lelf applicable to this case ? The whole
informed bjrhis agents abroad that it was the po
licy of France to.reserve Spain for events ; that
he falsely stated to Congress that it was the po
licy of Spain to reserve herself for events ; that
our Ministers had offered tor-relinquish all our
knew that in that treaty, after speaking of , da" for Spanish and French spoliations ; that,
lative good offices to be performed by each
to the other, there was the following am-
lie required power shall likewise 'furnish,
demand . of the requiring power, within the
months trom the requisition, eigh
pousan'd infantry and six thousand cavalry,
in asserting that France was disfioaed to effect a
settlement between us and, Spain, he was either
guilty of asserting another gross falshood, or of
intimating to Congress in a most artful but most
mean manner, that money must be paid to France,
as her terms were analogous" to those (pecu
niary) terms which our Minister had already
proportionable train of artillery, to be em- proposed ; and that he resorted to meens, super
solelv in Eorone. or in defence of the eolo. i latively base and wicked, to procure an appropria-
M the contracting tiowert ticusen in the zati which war to be concealed from the peo-
if Mexico'' i.. pie, Of the money thus to be paid to France. Not
is is an extract from the treatv. TTndet le gratified, howevsr, with an opportunity to
amstances, the question said to have been ! rSue this case against the Administration, the
iieneral Armstrong was (if asked) a www wui givu iioeny 10 amcna juce.
UOus one : but. havine- been asked.- no - - APPENDIX No II.
fflswer could have been returned by Talley-j Vattf l, Book iii. ch"ap. 6.
insistently with truth, but that if we went Of the Enemy's: Allies ; Societies of War, Auxih'
pith Spain, France (agreeably to her trea
fcould neither doubt nor hesitate." She
of the several operations they are to obey the
prince to whose assistance they come.' Yet this
prince has not the free and entire disposal ol
them, as ol his own subjects ; they are granted
make an offensive war against me, and it is like
wise the case of all those- whom we have nieiuioq
ed in Sect. 96, 97, 98, 99, 100.
But it is not thus with those nations which a.
i r -
sidw them as his associates. (Sect! 101.) If
am entitledto-complain of their furnishihgtnT
wun succours, uas is a new diflerence betYteti.
me and them, I may expostulate with them, and
on not receiving satisfaction, prosecute my r'gbt
and make war on them. But in this case there
must oe a previous declaration, (Sect. 51.) The
instance of Manlius, whajiude war on the GaUi
tians for havirigfumished succours to Antiochua
is not to the point. Grotiusf censures the Roman
general for beginning the war without a declara
tion. The Galatians in furnishing troops .for an,
offensive war against the Romans had declared
themselves cnemic3 to Rome. Indeed as a peace f
had been made with Antiochus, it seems as it"
Manlius should not have fallen, on the Galatians
uu oraers came irom Home, ana then it this ex-
transfer them as auxiliaries to a third power.
5 For jadgingnjfhernOrali
veral treaties or alliances, of the lawfulness of
them, according to the law of nations iThis
must be laid down as an incontestible principle :
; it lantful and commendable to succour and. assise
every way, a nation making a just war f- and even
'his assistance it the duty of every nation, which can
give it without being wanting to itself But he who
makes-tin unjust war is not to ,be assisted in any
manner. There is nothing in this which is not
demonstrated 4y all that we have sajd of the com
mon duties of nations towards each other (Book
ii. ch 1.) To support right when we are able, is
always commendable : but to assist an unjust par
ty is to partake of his guilt, it is being no less un
iun than himself.
86. As it is allowable only in a just war to . pedition was considered as a fresh war, it was net
send succours, or to make alliances; so every al- only to be declared, but satisfaction should have
liance every sociiety of war ; every treaty of sue-j been asked, before proceeding to hostilites -Sec.
cours previously made in the time of peace, when .51. But the finrshiiig hand was not yet put to iher
no particular war is intended, necessarily and of treaty with the king of Syria, and it concerned
itself includes this tacit-clause, that the treaty' only him, without any mention of his adherens,
shall take place only in a just war. On any other Therefore Manlius undertook the expedition a,
footing the alliance could not be validly contract- gainst the Galatians as a consequence or remain
e( : ' der of the war with Antiochus. This is what he
$ 88. When alliances have thus been previous- ' himself very well observes in his speech to the
ly contracted, the cases in which a nation is to senate,! and he even adds, that his first measure
act, in consequence ol the alliance, and in which was to try whether he could bring the Galatians
the force of tlie engagements consists, are on oc-.to reasonable terms. "Grotius more appositely
casion to be determined. I bis is what is called cites the example of Ulysses and his companions,
casus foederis, or case of the alliance. It consists blaming them for attacking, without any tlecl.ua
in the concurrence of the circumstances for which tion of war, the Ciconians? who during the site
the treaty has been made, whether those circum-' of Troy sent succours to Priam If b
stances be expressly specified or tacitly supposed. , t
yvnatever nas been promisee m ,tne treaty oi ai- f Lib. HI. Cah. iii. Sect. 10. de iure billi
hance is due to the casus fcederis, and not other-fiacia. V
wise. i i Tit. Liv. Lib. XXXVIII.
5 89. As the solemn treaties cannot oblige pr- j j Grolius ubi sufira, S.ot. 3.
sons to lavor an unjust quarrel (beet. Bb.) tfte
.ff
casus foederis never takes place in a war manifest
ly unjust
POSTCRIPT.
Appendix No- III. which is. to accompany
h 95. An engagement which may draw on a ter No. XI, will contain some unexampled, un-
war is of great moment : it concerns the very paralleled, and most eccentric, as well as hitmili
safety of the state He who in an alliance pro- ating propositions, which were made by president
mises a subsidy or a body of auxiliaries, some-j JetlersonTo the government of France (prettiitled
times thinks that he risks only a sum of money, ori ly to Spain) five or six years ago, and w hich are
a certain number of soldiers; whereas he often as. yet known only to the members of the Execu
exposes himself to war, and all its calamities. tive and Legislative departments of the Unitt'4
The nation against which he furnishes succours States, and to a very few individuals in Europe!
will look on him as their enemy, and should the In the' course of these letters we shall detail rriost
fate of their arms prove favorable, they will carry of the propositions which Jefferson from time to
the wat into his country. But it remain? to fee. time made to France. That artful man !'has i cqn
whether such a thing carr be done justly, and on;cealecl, even from Congress, the secret propoi
what occasions. Some authors decide in gene- tions which the' French Emperor made to him,
ral, that whoever joins our enemy, 1 or assists him and which one of his subaltern leaders, in one of
against us with money, troops, or in 'any other his few honest moments, declared he had no
manner whatever, becomes thereby our enemy", idoubt were "infamous.'' But, strange as ic may
and-gives us a right of making war against him
A cruel decision, and destructive ot the tranquili
ty of a nation ! . It cannot be supported by princi
pies, nd happily-the practice of Europe is direct
ly the reverse, v .
(101. But if a defensive alliance has not been
ariesr and Subsidies
b 78. We have sufficiently, spoken of treaties
not bur have taken part with Spain, or have in generalthat here we shall touch on this sub-
ttl a most solemn treatv." lect onlv in its nartirtilar rHatrons to war. T. rea-
itdoes administratinn mpati hv thr mihcil ties .relating to war are
of several kinds, and varv made particularly against me, nor concluded at
I? Will c i tk.;k;..i. i it,. ,;it the time when I was onenlv declannefor war. or
"led States knew that such an article m.' of those who make them ' Besides annlvine to had already begun it, and if the allies have only
as it has here (undoubtedly) extracted from them all that we have said of treaties in general stipulated in it, that each of them shall furnish a
secret bureaux .? The writer of these into treaties real and personal, equal and une- "i require mai mcy miwuu .w.juiui.b u:
icertainly knew of this treaty, and contem-: qual, &c. But also those which relate to their , emn treaty, which they had an unquestionable
it SS a nroner snhirt nf rpnuA n nnrtir.iilar cih'tc'ct. . war. have their snerific differ- 'right to conclude without any injury to me. The
iof h's labours. . And he is bv no mean ences. : : ! succours5 'funmhed to my enemyjire the payment
Hiat Administration has drawn his attend-1 i 79. nder this relation, alliances made for of a debt ; they do me no. wrong in discharging it,
Uhus early. war are divided in treheral into defensive alliances and consequently give me no just cause to make
pmnstratioo must have learned from Vattel, an d offensive alliances; In the former the nation
Mork, in referenre tn the hrfnnn t..m. emrao-ea onlv in defend its allv in case he be at-'
If ' f' IVHI o-J J --" r . 4 .
OUT rtreapnt S.rraliiw f C.(. J! ' t.rlf ! . in K lot ton a nitinn -iriincs with htm
am his correspondence with Mr. Jackson, for attacklngV'anid for jointly carrying the war in-
presentavive from Connecticut (Mr. Pitkin) to another nation. Some alliances are both of
Really called " a sort of text book" for our fensive and defensive, and an alliance is seldom
afrent, that it is one thine for a nation to be offensive without being also defensive. But it is
j"-4by treaty to furnish certain auxiliaries to ' very usual for alliances to be purely defensive :
f and Spain and had France furnished to be observed, especially in defensive alliances, is
fine BUXiharv fnra ct!,i.f.J u Mwiffl on intimate and comulete alliance.
"Wa not, by the principles of the law of na- in which we ' eneage to make ta cause common,
and another in which we promise oniy a seiuea
. - -
succour: the alliance maKing a common cause is
nation, and quite a different thing fori and these are in general the most natural and
to make a common cause with ann. lawful. It would be too tedious, and even of lit-
wientejL intoa society -of war , especially f tie use, to go through the detail ot all the variety
1 nation which "the whole world knows" i in these alliances. S
Some are made without re-
t no will of its own, and to be a fact thousrh ' striction towards and against'all ; in others certain
l prov,nce ot that power- that " nei-1 states are exceptea : a xnira are iormea nominal
bt ircr-hentareso -r
Mad vuzt Hk.n 1 i . : .L. Tt l .h on. Hiifr a ififidwur. rvt o-reat lmnortanr.e tn
" auivi.1 i ill di r- i ir i w r-r-iB i nr i . i w uvi uuh mm utu w ww w --...wr
p ve produced a war between the Unite
P and France. TWMe -
ployed solelf in Europe, or in defence of j a society of war. Every one acts with his .whole
nini n jh. Kr.ni. i z .
"w wnnacuug powers pos1
- mc vuit of Mv; " T" jr-
"ineDart of th rtv-j ...... a-
""V-s" ,;AH!one n th(.-f inII.CwJMvtAA.
Maticn. would, not be applicable. . Know-
-r;-uuiMraimi did, that this article of al-
We. n.l l..:.- .-.t..L
. , ' " Uly verms would aamu oi;
an rvn
.1 - vilk
. uneCn Ms and Spain f Because it
force : all the allies become principals in the war J
they have the same friends and the same enemies ;
but an alliance of this nature is more especially
termed, a ocjetyjutwar when jt is ofiensiveb
' - k l When a sweiragn withul
ing part in the war made by another sovereign,
setids him only succours ot troops or snips ; inese
"" .V. 11113 WUU1U OUlllll VIV1V.. ...... w z - . . , . ... .l J 1 . .
construction, why did it ask the are called auxiliaries The auxiliary ptrK-tay dedarationj it is sufficiently declared by
at what would' be its bourse in the prince to whom they are salt, according to their own aat. This is especially the case of
el "us and Snain I Because it
iZ?? tair wnether France wouldtop
v.:i.vEe':'-tttf 91 would in.
their sovereiern's orders. If given purely and sim
Dly without restriction, they are to-serve equally
on . tot; va travKrof-w: ieflsiHufcu&uMju
war on them Sect. 26. Neither caii I say that
my safety obliges me to attack them, for I should
thereby increase the number of my enemies!' and
instead of a slender succor which they furnishec
against me, should draw on myself all the united
force of thosemationsv Therefore it is only the
auxiliaries sent by them who are my enemies
These are actually joined to my enemies, and
fight against me; The contrary principles tend
(to multiply wars and spread them without measure
to the common ruin of nations. It is happy for
Europe that herein agrees the true principles. 1 A
prince seldom takes upon hipa to complain of pi o-
mised succors turnished for the detence ot an ally,
promised by former treaties, by treaties not made
against him. In thelast war the united provin
ces furnished the queen of Hungary with subsi
dies, and even troops, ajni-France never complain
ed .against these proceedings till those troops
marched into Alsatia to attack their frontiers.
Switzerland in, virtue ijoTjis alliances with France,
furnishes that crown with a largft body of troops,
and notwithstanding lives in peace with all Eu
rope. "; i, "" - ., . ; .,"'
; 6 102. The real associates of my enemy bein?
xay enemies, I have against them . the same rights
as' against the principal enemy. .beet.. 95. . And
as they declare themselves such ; as they first take
arms against me ; I may make war on them with-
those who in any manner whatever concur to
fL'olfiJus.Gentum. Sect, 730, 736,
seem I Good Fortune will so have i', that w e hava
got a very strong grasp upon a perfect-,clue ta
some of the most important of them, and we will
not let go her hold. We shall also, in process
of time,' give a sketch of ihe history and true
character of the secret treaty between Spain and
France, upon which Administration affect to re
pose as upon a solid ground of defence ; and per
haps of other secret treaties. The Public are con
vinced tjiat we do not trifle with them- We are "
continually receiving, new information, and ihail
be able to afford interesting " Letters upon FrencK
Influence," for a number of years.
sgmw HB' y
Criminal Conduct of some Americans, . ;
In the latter end of March, during the months
of Apr'd, and in the beginning of May, in thi
year, there were in Annotto Bay, on the North
side ol Jamaica, three American brigs -.three
schooners and one sloopthe major, number -.at-which
were from NewOTorfciThe schooners
had been there aconsiderable length of time"."
The Captain of one of them, who though kno wn
to be a married man in the United States, had
Chere ami with him, with whom he -removed"
to .comfortable lodgings ;.and having lanrled and
sold the whole of his cargo, he procured ifrc vholq
of his-crew to be impressed byJLit. Price ,iojn
manding the Flying Fish schooner, thenxfuisLng
off that harbour,' under an express agreement
with Price that the wages ih'enjduehePs
should be left to urn. The schooner fie had
charge of having no person on board adequattc tt) -the
task of saving it, was" suffered to di i.ve c:i
shore and be totally lost.. .' ,! . '
One of the other schooners that had. been ip
tha,t port a considerable length of time, had fc,;
Captain and supercargo on board, that keptln u
continual state of intoxication and quarrel; .exhi
biting uniformly scenes of the most disgraceful
kind to human nature and to themselves. Wbcr.
these men collected the proceeds of their cargo,
they attempted 6 dispose of jhat arjd ; the Vessc
butwere deterred from doing it by the activa In ;
teference of a gentleman that happened to arrive
there, who was-acquainted with "the -shipper;
they intrigued with the man who had lost his vesV
sel, to take him and his Qre '"' with the pVo-
ceeds of his cargo and of te wreck of the vessel
to wuoa,, or some mer wreign . cQroiaiooniia .
.1 ...i-
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