tfoayrr ct.tbe ttcttctf tatt.' ...... --- -fir i -i ' ry ' ' . aouix or REPajtsKiT4tw ' -SPEECH OF THE HOM. lli.'lPEAKSONf) : - VflM JSfr, &hfie':taj JVon. Intercourse DuC .. ' ' " ' (Concluded.) i ; " , i : a'hesame renlleman 7lls .Erses And several O "other, have reminded us .of . the arrangement icnt for the justification of the rxes'.Jent't proda ,' i uii'.ioli anJ this bill (which are sulstaitt- "y one r 1 t':i t!-",- ) , I. had t"7poeii ti t. ' a L i . .., v.- ' : ; -. 1 jnouse. was to harete-), ercte'j;.' "-7 "oil' !akB7 xvpia ma Attempt J? n on; ba s prace- "rfent iuatLf anfithrir i thi mitr Visiv.. frmttn fby the' law of 'nations, at least, it has been lonsyr' :TheeV arertitlit ilh Mr.' Erskine difltrent proclamation of the Prey contended tor on te, parlor jpntaiij K-;so pre, irom the present, in otner. respects than ..'those present till, tut trv vents tbe direct carrying trade from one port to t, !.! eoflJcumahe another ofanenemy.. If this latter; extension is not recognized by the law of nations; it is gene rally the subject of treaty, end ..'Was provided! for by -:our ,ljretjr with; the British- government, and the latec pnvcuon! formed fry Mr. Monroe tiritb tbe' British government- (but which was rejected pruwlrially because! Creat Britain, required us r.ot to submit to the Berlin decree ( jepdaitn ; ?'r if infinitely- Biiort of ' ,what we ,are now to com p. v -h, at the. dictation cf I by which c m LKe'TDi'.rdt'r. out; pfiiriti-dont la tl.e preceeding part of my remaikt and" It Ought to fc'.e S t'.e juliac:" a ci it t It oper.LU i j'ercomse fmn L-reai-uutain, tutdid.Dul, ona pta t:- r.vs to a li3n.nt ficlict. not inuiiiT fB 6iaieoiiiauuBs, wtia rrance, DVtUut. w fviii'; -i t' inspO: ihn in i s tlratstr'i v cbui;e htj state of rlafons, with France,' by j But, a.iyf;n.'jVi iuaj wy',' pcl'Titional restrictions we' iWercldctrees are acty&! euect; pflrsuin t 'CjeM justify how that arrangement militates am tlie proc- tarnation and the jflraan4 whicb is sow so posi, ' lively made of a tcvocation py '. -Great Britain ',: f her ordci1 of blockade of r i 306--that art : v.tangemen altnosit dictsted if the adnjinistration, t 'and . wbicb was perfectly salsfactory w us all, did 2 cat contain one syllable,.f.ot the nios: distant hiti k , xnation relative to the 'repeal. -of that order, whkh '. - Dow, appears to excite so -highly Mw Jndlgaation ( of gemlemea and 'bas.ibeeiv magtiified urtto" cause of war. .The order X blockade was at ibat : - . time more recent, and it 10 .iniurioul as now al- teged, .could not have: escaped the aUentioa of v the executive, ane Ws tigilaut cahinethcrr they (Were providing fof the annulment -bt the rdersf in arrangement was made wubout requiring peat of the blockade now" nothing caa ba done . "witnouf us repeat, and thus we. are to be mckatud- both at home and abroad It may be further re I marked, that by the law of February,-1808 the President was authorise to suspend the Embcrgo, - as to France or Great Britain, on the same coil dilioos pointed out by the jet of May, - l ft l o t in ) : in exercise ot that power the president instruct. , ed Mr. Pinkney to propose to the British govern - stent a repeal of the embargo s to that nation k j t its continuation against France if the ordars in coun , cil of Jan. and Nov. I SOr, should bo rescinded At , that time nothing was said no demand Was made, not even a proposition offered on the subject of the; " ' blockade in question ; mr attention has been some- what drawn to thia part of the ubjecv by be im - portanc given to it in Uie d?r'4raenubefoie it.-,' particularly tUfr gentleman from Virginia (air. Eppes) who said much, on this subject the other ' ay, la answer to arguments which.' the gentle - - taan from New-York (Mr Emott) did not make. w icuciKvcu mm mgiii iua. uia arguments were ( unanswered and. unanswerable, i do not pro ; , Tess, sir to be perfectly acquainted with the prso . ; tical extent of the Order pf ilockade of May , 1 806, horxlo 1 know ihei nredak nnanlum Vf iinrr'iir Jhavc sustained by it, nor am I to be Urtder&tood as1 nttemptingit juttification--.I should be the (Iast , to concede any principle or any rigbt to which 't ' country has? c)aij;.i ':f'V-totapelted ' to belierethat an i mrtificial importance i at this v ' snoment given to -the subiecv which It has not Ire crived at art otier beriod.) liiliA thi Srlnntinn i.f thau regulation by the BrfUshV governmenta l bmve . already 'shetvlii,thsf In1 the ttegdeiation 'of j!808, and in the arrangement -With Mr. Erskine, ' the questioa was pot ever made a triatter of cort ' testation i and sir, from an examination of the ex ecutive papers from tbe date of tbe order of block- "4wfli to' the;: present &e$3iortof.t:iJngress, I potlhecn'-abteto diionwr tingfeJapCT Temonstrattng agan(; the order, w "insisting 'on Its reyipcBtioni nor 'do t kno.f single4 case' of the condenatton of an American ressel ondcf its , . operation On the contrary, at the time of its adoption, (during the adminiiftnitioH of Mr". .Fox, fho was believed .id bS asfiieniiry disposed towards' Hay as any trap wh ever administered the' affair V efthe British: cabinet) this ;measnrewaa Spoken , of by ouf minister, at London, (Mr. Monroe) as a relaxation uvorhuie to ntutral commerce.' ill may Jwt be;4niprper -to' re&rt'.to- tb'wdeir Jtslis jtdmmnnicated by Mr. f Fox io s'ttfiv 'Mdnroe' iift the - I6tb of .May 1 80S j after the'preamble tlifi note siaics, f that the king, taking into constder f tf on, the lew and s extraordinary: means r-tiorted by ' the enemy lor th4 purpose of djstresing'the' commercft of bis subjects, has thought fit to c?l tect that .necessary measures should be taken; for iW blockade pf the coast, rivets and ports, froth the river; Elbe to tbe port of Brest) both inclusive mad the said coast, rivers and ports, are, and must i - be Considered as blockaded. Cut his majesty's b ,peasea to declare, that auch;. WockadefshaU not 'extend to prevent neutral ships and vessels, laden . Vithg3ods not being the property of his rnajestyi enemas; and not being contraband fcf War; froiii ppToadtin the said coaBts "and ehterihg f6& ahfl aiiitjg fn,0 the rivrrs and'prts (save and except soasif sivers oncK ports irom usuna'ioinc fiver Seine, already in-a state, of strict and rigo- twff blnckitdf -i and which' are to be! considered as tpounued) protiijcd the said, ships and vessels so pprotchiug and "entering (except as aloresaid) hail Rot have been laden at any ; port belonging - t.or in possession of his majesty's enemies, and at the staid ships am -vesitls so sailing from the ' '4 'rivers and -parts (except as aforesaid) shall bedesimwl to any pot berongir.g to; or la pos 'A of ids nwjosiy'4 enemies,' nor' have previa broken: the blockade." ThiS of der then bnly from those -ports vessels having encmhi f on beard or articles contraband of war"; do not r Greit.:... not tr' t f.; T'Ti.v'wV 4v "suiftJtoL -.'-,ndcdintheU.S.i len '. .: u"'Xr tlua , brdcr,"lni fi4ewattfaeasis ,.h neooral produce sailing from, pur', bwa coun try, never .were tHecUr f . A . 1 :-'Tbe gentleman from' .Viriijla, (Bir.'.-Eppsi) has . said, tbfa ibrderj'of blockade baa not ft single feature o( a regular'; blockade in this, the gen tleinan is tolerably f orrect, and when hetlenou ces,' what fn the fashionable cant pf tbe day is cal led Pafier Blotkadei, I join most heartily jn' ithe eJteUoiW;I$ is true this ordei of " May 1806, hai scarcely feature of a regular blockade, ; , It was not avowed ,at the time to be even a tumttrut tivk Sibttaite, nor was the right-contended for of blockading jwithcnij; an actual Investing fgrce. lt dot not liki ordinary blockade attempt com plete prohibition to all tradswith those ports, but only to the, particular object and specified cases I have ;menuonefi ; The "ptevbu measures'pf France are declared by .Mr. Fox to be, Ibe -canse of this .brde'rv What Were Uiose measures They wete to- iesv'ai regards ourselves, than A riolati on of the"trety which had been solemnly entered into between this country and Frante by bar rassing our .trade,' seizing and confiscating ot vessels in-usui ped authority in almost every port and city from Elbe to Brest and excluded the in troduction of British products and merchandixe, whether belonging to American eiUxens pr British suoiects. , j, v. -;ow( Biriet me tfate lo'you 'h language "-cfj our imuisicr i aur. ittutiruci at me vimo mil oruer was issuea. in ma tetter pi titntxt, May to the secretary pf state, speaking of thfe order, he lays, the"note lcouched in terms , of. restraint, and professes i to extend 'thi blockade further than 'ft has heretolore clone, nevertheless, u takes it from many ports already "blockaded", mdeed. all East .of! wiletia and West of Hie Seine, except iv articles Art Htzeablt mtfiout ,i;atacle And in like f JVitf or excepuoa, , , considering .every, enemy as one power, it admits the trade ' of neutrals within the same Kmlts to be free, In the productions of ene my's colonies, in every, but the direct rout between the colony and parent country. Tv'V-V''-'-' It cannot be doubted but the not!' was drawn I,Jb government td reference to the cJiie8fior, and if mtended ty the cabinet, as a foundation; on which Mr Fox" it aiithbrieed to fdrm a' treaty, ahd obulned' by ftim;for the purpose, Jt musit be view ed in a yeiy favorable light it seems fleaVly to put an end to tunner seisgres, on the; principle which hai heretofore been in contestation." This view'of the subject, hich surely is a fair one, connected with the ilence of IKe administration for Jour' year, most but an end to the' clamor ao; oucn raised against this order, which has been the : alleged "cause,"of ' the 'Berlin - decree.: and charge against Great-Britain, of having been the first aggressor on 6ur neutral -rights. &r We have indeed been' intuited, in lured and abused by both nations, to art extent which Would justify any roeasuret fa bur poWer but let us not pallia.te he erime of ohe, and magnify those, 'of tbi other j arid above all, let us pot titt ourselve oecause they -will not respect as ; let us not become bo QuixOtio as to act the part of X famous knight ii the tales bf chivalry,' who tortured uimself cause bis mistress'6u!d tto't be MmsV,' -; ''Mf. Sneaker, "at Ue arrantremfint 5 with Mr Erskine baa been: often mentioned, and much re lied on by thexdvocatet of this bill, U Is descries some luriher notice i hat arrangement was the Jtrtt tct bf the' preiscnt executive alter be came intoJbflice f ; ft ai hailetfai i: boiitical "jubt- ice. oy an Denominations vi poiuicianB pariicn- lady those who had not contributed to, the flevar yondfthe 'piwient' 'clifetmxtrjiitnto ; we thought we perceived tn that event the evidence of a dis position irt the preseht' executive (which e could hot" discover fat ' his predecessor) ' to refieve ns horn that system of commercial 'restriction, that self-destroying policy," which had - fnade us "poor indeed j we also thought X determination was manifested not to decline any advantageous accom modatioh with Cre'at.Bi1taut-whethe frtneetai yei or 'nay'."" It will be but too well remember ed, that we had been groaning for two. yearx un e'er t!ie pressure of non-intercourse your treasu ry ws drained ybii citizens unabfi' to(pay"ltheir debts iind i'ou courts of jusU'ce actually shut! tip, at least so' for lit many - states it and amone the frest th4 etate bich I have the "honor in part to. represent) as to suspend the etiect of executions j yciiif 'cl(lea':Vtaportii''were'-' inactive brtde. serted," gloonj and I dismay marked the features of the nation, and hope had ;almost bid us Lrewelli we fancied id this' arrangement" the glimmering uf returning sunhine, peace and prosperity with honest and upright hearts,' we are ; willing to ap. plaUdthe hand flial gave, if, witlibut .iquestioninj' Of supecting the manner or motives with which it wax Riven. The delusion toon vanished' t and te of non-intcrcotirsc wkh Fra'ncei:nd j cofs'lnueel M the present cast, "we trve the- same state of relation with " i, brt , i. e ,restrictions whicb did t'. 1 froclaniatioh.s ' '4 ! i . ' ' I.-. r.r:-kliie, it fi tr'nl," f V ; C-'---,' v to take ' . s r..' - ' 11 f .-r ttiiiliime; as eirsatsNt obtuf tf - fi.-iot.' w with thiSileceitfull kVcr-it: xs written'XVt'iie. French eonft,the sln msnoal of the. Fmperor could have beenianixed, .aad-otdera .fbr4le te'ssation.W the Berlin and Milan decrees,, could and wight to have immediately. JssiieL If it iiad eenv tlie" honest and fixed intention of Bonaparte' to "put hh 'end to the cperation-ef those 'decrees,; id consequence o! oar law of May last why utht he' nbt to liave done ao sn thew Sth August, well iii firotfu'te to do son the 4 first of; November. Our law was then before him ttnd he knew the declared inten- ed of taking ttor. stufice,.what i,t Welkslty. t$ ,f r 1810 -when lie bis majesty t& 'n "it ! i . ; eu ,e s. ; i B tliat the trench n ptaltd, and-cease t ha " ici: !e about to bcjfestallUh- s, aria larm Ivt suU Uli pron .u.e C . ! 8 ii c . A- nr , I' '.e s tl JL.tra . ' '. i-l Auv u-.f ' M; Mt 'd 1 ' i t I have no hesitation to declare, had 1 then known what J then bow know J Should bave not offered tioa ot this government will be said here, as ho has said, no reliance tocld be placed in the Amerians" shall- we then trust him who refuses to trust us f . xir, fofc One Srill 'floti ' i v J r; ;Mr. Speaker let us make" X very strantre'' and very false, tupposltloBjVtbat the ifJerfin and Milan decrees were -actually repealed, and Ceased to have effect on the ,1st of Novj . 'What have we gained ? what aJvantage have we de'riveii fiom It? and have we not been t.T.ciallv Informed by the French mi. knister in ;this city (Gf n; Tprreau) in hit letter to the Secretary of SUte,' of the 1 3th December 1 8 10, that our most valyailr; productions, pli ticolarly f tbe southern atateft) tre at this moment exclud ed from, the ports tf Fratite at to Uie Important articlea cotton and tobacco,-be xays their im. portalion iiito France is at Ibis moment especially prohibited, but I Aave reason to beliere" (and I pray yd meanwliilsto ob serve sir' that thef 'da( not rest on sny (acts) that some modificptlons will be given to this, ablut exclusion. These modi fications will not depend on the chance of even ti, but will be the result of other measureft, &m and pursued with proservancer Which the two toVern- mecte will continue to adopt, to withdraw from lb ' raonopo'y or a frmthe wxftticms'of thectommoij eheifi j . i ';ifimerce loyal kn necessary to France, s i, 8- the united States." in this letter we I'iml Uie touchstone, the ttue tlue to French fa. fvour wat with England. - .Connected with this letter froni Turrean, It x decree of the 15ih July I $10, which in point of principle and arrogance,, is not surpassed by tuny act In the history of Bo naparte. ; By this decree thirty or (brty American vessels . may import : into . France Xunder licence); cotton, fish oil,, dye wood, salt fish, cod fish ' and peltry I' they; must export;- wine, ;btandcd tilki, linens, cloths, jewelry household furniture and 0 ther mabufacttjired. artkka j -they ch ohly depart from hatletmn, xnd New: Yxrk' Under thi bbli- gation of, bripgingjwithhemix Gaaette ht Xhe day pfthur'defarturet.alscr'a certificate of thtct igirl of the merchan)ite,'given by thfe French Con sul. ctMitaining axentencein cypher The' French merchants, whq shall cawe their -vessels to cdme, must prore that they re concerned in the fabrics p Fans'Kouest,Mid other .TPWs.7iTer s an atteinpt,rtfl i extend JbrenCh inHucnce by bribing, t select class i of "iur tneacliontt J grantih favours 'to. favorites,' its an attempt, 4o make commertlaj regulatipnln our-ownports,t Bnd violate our con. stitution, by pngf ,x prefereiice to7 f he'pbrti'bf vnartestoxxna wew.orx, bver ail the restm the United States, which is specially denied by the constitaion n additioii to all this,' we ave t list pi,.miueaestarjiisnfd at the stench scusfom hbysef om theh August -(the verr memorable Sth.Autfust the birth day of the celebrated letter ol f he JJutJ ,de Cadore subjecting longf staple fc6t ton tq a .tariff of fo .centf per pour.d, thort'sta pi? 6() cent Xt)d tobacco 4o cents per pound.4, By nothpr decree pf lh WtU Septi 1 8 10, potash is 4w'm tiA 'fMiMi J ' fi.,a ' -,''5''.' ; TheHsan bepfl Importatioh cf American pro ductions intd .France but' off termt utterly load1- mi5sible;;iTf,e let f May last in the language of me peciyary ot txte pad toritt object not mere ly the recpgnition pf , a ;; tpeculative, legitimate pnnciple, .but the enjoyment.'of xxubsttntial ben. efiu .;t 1 he overture. theirpresented, obviously- em braced .the idea of commercial advantage, ir in. eluded the reasonable belief than an Abrogation ov wic ucifin urii muan aecrees would leave the porti pf Frante ay free for the Introduction of the produce oftbe United States, as thev were orevi- usljr to thf prornulKatiQnof the decreet, . if then for ,tnev revoked decreet ' municipal laws, .produc V mg me. same euect have oeeh subsUtutedthe mode "only and not the measure hax undertone on alteration. f France, ;bjr s her - own acts has blocked up her porta I against the introduction of the producU ' of the. United States, what ' motive hat the government in a discussion with a third ppiwer to insist cirtVthprlviledge of, going to r ranee t wnenee the uWuceraent to urge ther an nulmeht of ji blockade of xFirancer when if annul-j d' no American argots would obtain a market jtv atiy of heh ports l-t In such a state- of things a blockade;of ihe:,caAs.t France would be t. the fj.j nited states as aiuntmportant as would the block' whk hrd Tbetii fwce'd upca liLn.M.J.cnevcr the" ' enemy, should jretracr, the l'nciples-wych" hd4 itn3ercd)i iecessary and asiuret as that he'll, evej the repeal of, French tlecrees shall hav. actually taken tlTect. and the :toinmerc ih - a!net;tral nations" sPalU have been vrestored to tit ' flcondUiun in which i$ stood previously to tbii Vro mulgatioo pf tliosc decrees, he writ led Uie lgn " est S4rtfactLon in relinquishing x system which Uie conduct pf the chtrcy ctnptlle4 him td xdop"l, ''r Here is a promise equally sclemn (and is ihertV is at least s much virtue in -the British; eovern- rerityi'.andJiisrei: -4 1 1 f 'Si ft- - . ' ment as there, is n that pf France) as' much- td ' be jrtlied on as , that or the Uoc dc Cadore and at CertainTy as the, EerEn and llllan -decrees were re. vbked, and would, cease to have effect oh the' 1 8 lb, pf Jyijm::4-iiaattMf'.bsn w'e the tame'aa.3 suratice, that the -orders of Crsat Brltaut' wetdd be rescinded ( s hafl irelhen jjeliere tbe one and tot ' the other f shall , wx. frown and look big at Et;g land, whilst with iimid. and bectxubmisskit) we' croucRat the feat of France, and quietly 'rivet tkw' chains i prepared for, us. m MrSiwaser, tbe god,'-,-dess pf Jwice has been described xt being bli nri i with sword in one hand, and the scale and balanc to lie other '.but, if she ia invoked in litis the.' sure, she comes blind indeed, with a sword in one V ' r hand, but no balance in tbe other fn one is lb '. jemble" .ttr.(lJt badge f ' " 7, Sir,". r V xpjrlited of .Uus tiTee4 whlc kb pre."' " sept measures may have on the property of out T -"" citixent, at tlis omcntjn' the power of GCat- l'" ""', mvi ii,Hu iiiubv usrauics, spans -J 1 ' and, .Portugal. t JUavew forgotten thef rencft 'i .V " priut'iileaof reprKals'iland th of State to gen. An.. '.r.'of the $ih November - 1 1810 in which he wat tuthorised to enter into x cootcntiat arrsngemcht. With the trench povem ment, requiring the sanction cf the Senate lor il, ' " ' restoratiprt of French properly ,. aeized under cuf v non-intercourse law as condition for the restor- - - Imn jrvC Am.,i..n -M.AnAn.a -I 1 . .... 'V. J - , r--r .j ...iuiikv Binj r. t. qucstered under jthe UambouUlet decree of March " ' , 1 8 10. Jtii true, we should hare lost nothircbv " sucli t.convention, because nc French pr'opm ' . litji - ' :.. ' . - ? .r - f . - ..-:'v. nuu occn sctzco uy vsv uncer jJiai uw, and the Iov u fcitures under the non.intercourse law contemplat- ' ed '..'To)iidn byvOur wn.,itizcnt4 rather than -' v lytolation j'bnt .tlr;ith f rincifile 't'tmpo -. tant, and unless1 we;have mo reliance on tks ' "i . justice anJ forbearance f England, than gtnUe-, , .J. men ucciareney uaye, oogot -we not oe arpre. . ll.IITV MV .V -Ml WWiKH lirillLIUIC - - follow the example of France, fill her ceffets wnU t our trrasurej indst ,m negocbiort for foiivw., . v ! . sideratipn?.aj4, well desmetittc xtteniion pi gen tkmea-V tlttiuA. ti.it. V-.-:-', " - J If war with ,E.r.gIa!j4 imist- htffeh,', Jet, It .bs ; i - doiie openly ahd for . ourselves; let us'nti ton-J 1 ' i xtns xod.let jt jiot be, said, iwe have been 'jeaugtf, in ,e snares pfBonapirteiRVMr-.VSptaker, 1 o , " not oppose this bill becsase it- r)iofrp tiVii . some telief tp those merchants, hose vessels sail 4elor;' thesis) of tltei rrclamtion,vand lnc& ' vv may have departed fxcm x Jiriiish poit, prior to X , .' the.;Sitr; Febi;u)7fcil8tl .bu-lr''becttse 1 wishjto rid the country of Uiis whole comsumptite ; , s - 'r sy$tetri,' spd if that cannot be dcnerlwiil .t aid ' , iu invvumv up vnc rresiticni s prociemauon or isx- . " ihg fronjthejqdjciary'.ipf the, counuy the- power, " ' Vowed objects pi this bitt-jl had rathei-. trust t' ' y the dpicionpl the iodttet for emir relief to cur cit-' ' ixensj from the operation oftbe lw at. May, 181 V, ade of the Caspian ea.w . 1'his ia the 'language than grant the partial exemption: contemplated By i thia bill.'.Thet honorable gentleman (Mr. Erpe) who sported! this bill dedaresy that Its great o'f ., jeCt is to prevent -queslioni arising-, in the court '", on ttie construction pf the, jlaw; of May 1810, ad' the effect of the Presi4em? droclarhatlon. This, ' to my underttahdrntrj is Irgutatirig r(reKcttivdt- . it Is. f4a'e'tKl.liks the Raroboullle't do... cre, is ript only prospective but retroactive.' ft"" takes from, your, citizens thwrigbt-'of xppealin g to the courtt cf justice tor juatkeiandmaktstl d- fiat of the executive the supreme law.a doctruia X ' puuTti,., uiijhc ,!;,, pnwrpicv sji npuaiican. ism,' nd strange, to, be ; titocft'ed - by gentlemen whp Came , wjd powe under .tbe of repuUU fi ctns.-' yt, .'.,. '- .! -t:- 'i ;-''' t"''-: It la in vsin. JSitr.Speakerao seek? for the imti- v. cation of thi Jneasure frpm. any riinit; France hax done, or from theindicador. wjiillj.lie bas'gUrn of her fixed course of polky-her art"H pbject (a the destruction ot the commerce cf te xtrld j , k she wishes to make t tributary to that tndt Je if possible'; tp epibroil us in a warivith Er.gLu,d.' ; The disposition of BonaDarte towards us resta' not alone on his actsbf ggression,rar4ne and plun-t ' der.; The imprisonment of our citittns. hx . 7 Will til 1 U1Q flOt Varv tniirK wvnrt fcttfv tvAsiA - us an riv fa a t a- inn i a awtvnrA nnnnn tini nAtAinnex ' . . .-. ' . . iik. sj . . I . ptropertj h Ls " ' , ' v i .f ' T;'. '" .;-'' - ' -. . . .: . . :;''- , ' ,' ' . 7- -. - - . ' -':"- . .r.. . .. . - ... ' . . - ; . - .- ' .. i - . . -i ." - ; . i V