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RALEIGH, N. C
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;.lJllL.'.Vr , '.' ' V"T? ;'4tirhayjbg,re4yWtt format ioqnh7 into rery Arid if by' the refufc of the : Wter tq answer aiutubc'commodore camValong; sidaptun 1. 3 '
'ffv" Political I1-"-' 1 11' of hii cbniduci in' this case, 'dia paper informs, declare her neuira character, ai attack5 ensues, fcimajmed all his shot at ih,epar .Wd JtgKiij iii
.,- .. V 'Sf7-': Lj thai .thereiident refused to grant his request ; the blame will rest wholly on 'Ihe tieutrah 'VVheth- the; freudent, in the hope, by aome ijacky tliu;,' yi
. i 1 . -r ,. f 11 1; I ' . 1 I ' a- Z ...J.Jv- , ..J.M.t:.H Kofi Onrf than t tMbA kia r,DMA..u A . . 1 '
t n-:., ... i viak nntf t a tnAfniiArt a- tna iAmmnnnr'a rnnnnrr. i -r iic- i::irr iiiurnr r f j i iTifir-ii win. inr iiiriiiir i ii i inivtiiic licit aiiu ij.jx.ii llv v iikl.i iua ai-tiio rv i u
?lCKEEttK6'
ADDRESS
STATES.
u Having givn you a correct vievr oi tne em
and exhibited such facts and circumstances
J i ..j'...vlw,t,.toii ' itiar"Si uras not re.
Drove ucyyuiiuvuuw" vi
LSmcndwd hy Mr," Jefferson and under his mHu-
1. . naed Into1 a taw. foi the caused he assign
J but really as a measure u wu nu
L-. and mtii ii h, Pwer of k Grcai Bri
fabiect next m courst & Nprutnter.
u.u:.'r vf tVii irYeirr. ' n fnnlisll and al)-
Wtd,3 to ourselv.es U tvas mischievous, must bt
KStpontd, while A "present to your consideration
Tkt Projected War &th Great-Britain. I '
Our tukrV have, made frequent and ample, pn
linns .of Ihth tmt'artialitu towards the tw6 great
yfeerentt,' v France-: wid" Great Britain ; and to
Mating 'our neutral richts, and affected ' to d'u
Dbraved
This, 'indeed, has uot been said In that newspa
per under the hand of the President, or of the
Secretary of the Navy ; because there is a possi
btlity that hereafter it may be convenient to say
that the editor made' ihe publication without au?
ihiity. Certain it is, that although near a month
has elapsed, we have heard of no inquiry. I 'take
it for granted there will be none ; for if faithfully
conducted, the commodore, for his own justifica
tion, 'frould be obliged; to produce . his orders ;
which-might ofEcially expose the Executive to
(ICS Of WW. ,4;
-i"' ;- " ' ' '
ihe acr bX lhas
J 'at tHne ot universal peace, ii vessels oi,
ine Sdn or pi ciuereni canons were iu.nreci uu
the high seas, and hail each Other, asking their
names) and of what nation; they were,- or any o
thet' tivil questions, no one will assert that either
ispbligtd to answer. The not answering may
be an eyidence ofchuilishness ; but the refusal to
answerwould not authorise the firing of a single
shpt Just as if two citisenl meeting in the JiigH
Way, -and onfe civilly accosting the other, is passed
wet their measures "for redress equally against without an answer anri unnoticed, no one would
both. -But 1 have snewn tne uisenooa oi mis pre- ijusuiy lue lorracr in using hi jiisiui ma mic-
J Wilt vJi ULai itl ti, iiw tvau saw uvuuilul
merited ii4'kij9n. fi
I4i uS,? for a inomeni consideryth
W on. The embargo, particularly, so wen co
iDcided with the views of the French Emperor as
tometbls entirejpprobation. His mioister the
jjuke de padore, jn his letter of August 5, 18 10,
to Gen. Armstrong, says, 44 "the Emperor applaud-
id the embargo; But without reciting the nume
foas instances, iN'hlch I haVe observed
attendance in Comires3 lor the last 8
should originally a'.tach to. commodore Rodgers
or to the President and, Secretary of the navy, or
to' all of them, wilf depend on ihe i orders given to
the'eommbdore v
required the chase of a vBjitisl rrae4 ifesSC) Jt:
hot doubt. Uniesfuriahed.vvrit posil ye lev
dence, I shall ot K' inClinfd to belieViilat com
modore' Rodgersacicd in tj.9-itbiiitc
orders ; arid the -dei'a4PC wtfatft' Wek
:ia-oif the. Vv&&titfti
nlunt) for;which :ht nafiort is responsible ahd
for1 width, an erfilanalkn and satiilactiuU tvill be de.
mndedand by aur governments. X rti S ?.d ...The
grounds on which: J have formed and expressed
this Opinion and why" satisfaction will be refused,
will be given in my -next address. , ' f '
. timothy - picketing; t
; ' . no. xvii. t - : :
Fetlov) Citizens, . ; " ' .- . .
, In my last address I gave an Account of
the engagement between the American frigate
President, commodore Rodgers, commander, and
tne-' British sloop of War- Little Beit, captain Bine:-
- . .. . . . .
uie uumc- uoaru. aiiu o &cai.u, ami cvcmuuiiy iu auat&) isiimintui ui nrat piui.uiug3 ungiui
during an ! accrues' to the vessel at war -because they have"1 unquestionably, in the orders of the Supr
vpiri KiiHd rio-ht tn r-urinif thn nf pnemv. I"nr wifhiiilr ' ExtrutiVe nowtr of the United States.' frr w
tbich it would take too much time to collect and j these rights, a naval war, would be useless or ra- they consequently are responsiweof which
I jiraf witnessed t only a repetition of hard word?,
Uff (iere walggeiing of buIlieST-with abundant
in politeness. But When a nation is engaged in
war. and sends out its armed vessels to, cruize ! ham, commander i and thereasons on which
on the sea, the common highway of nations, then I pronounced the,, proceedings on the part of the
the right to chase, to hail, to require answer, to ' American trigate unlawful, and an act of war. I
board, and lo search, and eventually to attack, also remarked, that those proceedings originated,
renie
which
an
ther itcould not exist. The neutral armed vessel on I explanation wul be itquifed and for which, satis.
the contrary, seeing her nation is at peaCf wilf faction will, by the British government, be de
all other nations, possesses nortc of these rights I manded, and by our government ttfused. I am
now to exhibit-the grounds ot this opinion, and
particularly why satisfaction being demanded will
be refused.
1 again take up the official report of commodore
Rodgers. His reasoning at the instant the ac
tion commenced, by a shot '(as he states) from
the. Little Belt, is not a little singular, and re
quires particular notice, a3 indicative of the tenv
psr in which his ordets were conceived and exe
cuted. " When the first shot was fired (says the
commodore)' being" under 'an impression that it
might possibly have proceeded from accident, and
wiihou; .the orders of her commander, I had de
termined,, at the moment, to fire only a single
ardent in their their lust form and color of the
manifest '':p4jitf:bi''it rulers in favour of
France ; I assume it as a notorious fact, demrons-
trsti'd hv their creneral course of conduct. With r because not necessary to anv ot ' the objects ot
Iht multhiplied 'proofs of .siich paniality-before j neutrality and peace ; on the contrary she is
tne when 1 saw our rulers shutting their eyes bound to avoidevery hostile act, except in her
to the greatest enormities, to the most atrocious J own deience when unj-jstly-attacked. Whenshe
jets ot piracy,. ra?ery ana swinanng pracmeovoy meets a oeiugercnt arni",c vessel, u is ner uuty n
dviri'ar F.rfii,eporv ao-ainat mvlfellow citizens : l it he demandfd. to make known her neutral char
hile alt the actl of Great "Britain of which' they Oter, to prevent the shedding of innocent blood,
femplained were monstrously aggravated ind.(Us- and the evils of wac hasarded by a vtfuh?.l to aw
torleo, inoruerio aiarm ana irritate meptopie a 'sw?r. s neuirai, sne nas no evil or mconvcni-
gainst the ony poWef which stood between us and ' ence to apprehend by making htr neutrality
jabjccMon ana slavery to ! ranee ; 1 was JAQ Jti0wn.;phe. has no -right to chase, -to hail and in-
lyftehend ttwsts their design toinvojvelhe Unit- i$isi. upon an answer, to board and to search, be
WStates in a war with Oreat Britain. But having ;cause she has no right .to make a capture. ; The
American ' frigate,
U a. .
hnvinc-
none of thtsc
'W&Bii4'"! WinriM-fciaf withouf auy "soli
rations ' for such1 a waj knowing also that tfie character,
Treasury was empty; and that ...with their mis 'reason for
nmdant rlgbfc2is r -jsponsible for all tiie evils consequent j shot hi return but tiiz ,nmediate repetition of
A pre ! oh "the chast? und the coiieeiu.netu 'her neutral the previous ju'i provoked outrage iaduced me to
pty-; ana inai wun ineir mis reason tor civini;: cnase-t and it iie had not ano.
. . "I - ... . " . . . . .:. . ... r - ' . - '
chievous interruptions and restrictions ot -com- ther resting on special orders from our Executive,
Sterce, the ' public revenues were constantly di-1 henust be personally ' responsible for the blood
ninished knowing furtherlheir utter drpad of that has been spilt. The chasing of the British
imposing new taxes which would hazard or destroy vessel being an unlawful .act, the filling of her
their popularity ; and believing that a large ad"di-cieri'"a8 the 'direct cpnsequence' of that uclau lul
lion to the old taxegr consisting wholly of duties act, is murder. And the Commodores' .con-
on goods imported, by the temptation it would science would be ill at ease, but :or the orders'
offer to smuggling, might rather lessen' 'than in-. from his government which he conceived himself
; crease i the actual receipts of revenue ; knowing, bound to executed ;
tnoreoyer the disposition of the people of the Unit- By his own official report, it appears, that com"
iH tesV Rodgers, on the 16th May,, 25 n.inuits
tideratiops J have, for a good-Jvhile past, been 1 past noon, discovered a sail, when he was himst !
cjsposedlo.ueiieve our rulers were really as wu-tipwrris ot 40 m les from Cape Henry ; on-l ilu:
vessel whose sail he discovered in the cast; from
his mast head, must have been manj fniles
father distant from our coast ; that, the vessel was
standing towards him with a press of sail : that at
jjrt pro--
thendisi
tinguishable fiom 1m frigate's deck) and her
mak'me sienals, shewed her to he n mnn n" wr
and to'' compel "VhTs successor Jo-borrow several ; that fifteen minutes afterwards, . the-"Commodore
miUions.ot, dollars, for the ordinary payments and .hoisted his colohrs : when the other vessel,- fin
Commodore Rodgers asstgr.s hut. one ! believe that the ipsult wao premeditated, and that
are the endeavours of "captaib Biu'ghn durin j
more that six hours yiirining tet;awa fiom thfS i 'Q
President, an evidence lo tjie, cpmnrtHiorcJmirtd'. j
11IUI lite v
of acduirini
pense of violating
aag .Vfhe'onr)ol6r(? .says thAt v?hen the first: - '
ihypmghd 4htrVp
ttpq -f."srr''ial.cllh'e Hft,i
ws kX.igWni'ir tfetl.ftVe:. iIVm!;
kiiotiH jpgfepi&t& n$ ill
HoW'-ihJrtrRdhe"
i
ling as the people were averse, to engage in any
wary even with, G. Britain5 In the actual state of
Ui'mes. I have even considered it fortunate that the
' absurd principle Mr Jefferson, that the public
. rttmrtfrought nat tfrJ niCHiecauae 'g,vu(ccmT Jplf-past orie o'clock, the symmetry or ju'jt
tatiqnof money'mighi jtmft t7ieaU'oirioot&lar yorUom) of her upper sails (which were 'the
w literal y exeiuDluiea ; he hayincr so manacr-
M bur public affairs as to empty the treasury,
ex Iier.ces of fove r nme nt
; Biit a late occurrence, the hostile act of Com
modore Rodgers, in -his rencounter with a Bri
tish sItod of war. has led rhe into a new train of
ing her signals not answered, changed her course,
andstood to. the southwards
Now we come to commodore Rodger's assjern-
ed reasons tor giving chase, " Being desirous of
thought. This- rencouhter having; excited much Isfieaking herr and ascertaining what she tvas, I now
yoiu. bcnbiDiiiiy, ana oeijig, Jin my view, preg maae sail in chace ;'' and he continued the chate
until hlteen or twenty minutes' past' -eight-when
tiant with serious consequences, no other subject
Amards such'Sriimeftliate consideration. - ,
5, The meeting ofthje'. American frigate Freaidefit,
foramanded by commoi'ore Rodgers with the Bri-
'sn sloop of war ffttfe Rtiiy commanded by capt
Jingham, was d(ubtlesV accidental ; but the
tumstantes ujide which y the frigate" sailed, as
nenuonea in tne government paper at Washmg-
tonv.&jhe.fatts-;staUd by comroodore R. himself,
fcVis'omcial letter to the Secretary of the iNivy,
,ave no room to doubt that his conchict was the 're
nit of nrieviohs orders fmm trie ; Exfrniiv. i in
migth'Brinh-frigate-Kfrn'e
ot lufic befiirev had imhressed an American At
I Jen, fiom oneofpur coasting vessels. Commodore
Korrs says he wasJbr Tlcagoesrom'thar
Fft ot oarcoast called Cape Uenryr-when a sail
--v. .wiauvsrcii in -.1 1,1.1c jnv , nai. ii,;; trave uer
"'se, ana continued it tor more than six hours,
Before he Ame up' ith hei ; the; vessel;chased,
U that Cime e'rideavourincr to make her escane i'fnr
escane
?ough the commodore, could not see her so clear
V tojudge what was her sie, it is plain she
Aw the .vastly siiDe'rior size of her dursiier.'nr shfi
oiild not have Kin from herThese and some.
"iiier, circumstances, which may after Wards le,vno
( ticcd, prove ;satis;fttCorilyy;that' this , unwarranted
Uiaae was in execution of previous brders i, wirh:
t ut Which Commodore Rodgers, as commanding
Mwra armed jA'woulut not have feltrhimielf
justified mmakiri -it,- The same government
; confijaia this conclusion ; ' for the commol
- :;-;.,.:i:' 'i: ; ;-;;-,: v
belne distant from TO to 100 vards. s,ava the rnm
modftre, u I hailed, what shifi is that ? to this eri
quiry no answer was given, but I was hailed by
her commander, and asked what tJtifi h that
HavmgskedlieJfirstquestion, (continues the
Com'nittdoreJ I of course (jousiderd ifnyseltepti.
tied t6 the first answer. After a oause of fifteen
or twenty seconds, I Reiterated my first inquiry of
wjof. ttmp ?s mai f jma oetore 1 ..had time to take
the trumpet ;frrii my mouth' was answered hy a
snou a snor, was returned . trom the Ame
without trderai though just asjie was on the point
of giving ah order to fire ashot? inireturn. And
from our adversary being at the time ignorant of
our real force as-1 was of his, he thought this,
perhaps,- a favourable opportunity of 'acquiring
promotion, although at the expence of violating
jur neutrality and insulting our flag.
Here i must take leave to ask a few questions.
As the .commodore's impression was. that the first
shot from the Little Belt might "have proceeded
from accident, and he was within speaking iHs
lance, why, instead of first asking an explanation,
did he determine to return even a single shot ?
Was it. the part, of j commander possessing (as
he says of himself lei doubt not truly but he had
rs which he.loVJiidlumseli bound to obey)
1 an humane, and generous heart, determined not
lo hpi'd a drop of blood unnecessarily," to return a
shot which might spill the blood of more than one
manT when a declaration of his neutral character,
which it was his duly to have mat'ei wbuld have
pitvented the spilling of a single drop, and all the
serious consequences which ensued, and the still
more 'serious 'in prospect? Why did the commo
dore think the firing of the first gun " an unpnx
Bingham to unagine the Commodore's ship to be
a neutral I After having been hard chased by her
for more than si's hours ; and after seeing her,
when within acile and a half, taking theprecau
tiori to git the wcathe't guage the position to wind
ward the' most, advantageous, lor action, which
fthe commodore ta'vs) the commander of the
chase (captain Bingham) from his manocuvresdu
ring half ah hdurt-enpearedanxiousto prevent j in
a word, after, observing the commodore's move
ments and condntt, during six hours and a half,
UTbe precisely those ofan enemy j after hailing
what shin is that r to ascertain whether she
was a friend or a foe, and the c6roaodore. had
refused to answer; what other possible conclusion
could captain Bingham form, than that the-i;omf
modore's fricate was an enemy? -And bv.' what
o ----- - i- : - 3- ' I
rule of-war, or of common sense; can.the ; firing of
a ftirtt at an enrwiyibe pronounced " an un provo
ked outrage?" : And why," because under such
circumstances, the firine was repeatedi should the
masrx:omnTenceu-the ctionfwhteh-tcrminatedncomnaodore heligv&.the mtult was firemcdita
nwuig-anoJKnnnding apoutJ5Qmen -of the r.rew 0f
the British vesseU; Such is substan&illv Cor.-imo.
dore Rodger's account of the chacearid thje'dc
I have already noticed the richts "of an armed
vessel of a nation at war, on the high seas. ; She
has a. right i? "tharf because she is. authorizrt'd
to; capture the; vessels of her enemy. She
has a right to hail nd Jo rcauirt an. anmoe, thdt
she ma avoid the attacking of a friend or tf o neu
tral If an answer be' Vefilsed. she has a .ViB-httrT
Consider the 'vessel hailed as her' enernw nA'
consequVatly:to' attack and take her if he can,- or
tqqetena himseli and prevent ythe; capture .of his
own vessel.'. i Riit. l ' r.nit nAn.r .u.-.'"'i.ru-rr
belohg to lan atmedt-vesser of a neutral nation.
promotion h-.bfer-jutk,"
ii wc an Aiuivn, vihh, i.vi ui. iJiuvu ivi
to hiai own ? jhe:.iiU c.ejotihv judge
more correctlyin his ojlvn; and not' expect an
admiral flag for . nddling"' the lie ship Xi'vfc
Belt, and killing and wounding thirty of her crew. ,
But how are wettoaccounV for tuch strange ideaV
of captain Bingham A-natives, for hismuckjgaiii J jr
ing in a momenit? -.sessi-of-tji-omo. V
dore's mind? Hedeclar s u
sio3 nor .prejudice bid ipfsfviiii affair t .
and ' yet; he conceited' that CtptouiiigKain, - v
though necessarily taking' him ' fa)w;piefavi ' A
tended, by. attacking him, " to Violate the nibiral-' '
ity ano, msuu tne nagioi insr yrtiifa- ws, q
After the action was .over : aftcveftiodore ,
had made such havock amon'ff the cretyrof the
Utile Belt, he ac-ain hailed, V What Wip is iSat V
and then " learned for the first tiitfe, that,4f wa 1
a ship of lus Britannic Majesty's;' Buthatt tbe x
commodore no misgivings, no previous sugpfcibns-"'
as to the national character bf thehip hepuniUfd f
If he had supposed her to" be Ffetif h or anA I
a .iu. -Lwibtn n,t.K ' f ff '
IueriCaU auijp' aiiu iiuni. uuiti liwpuit uiuit,- ,
were to have been expected, to be off our ''cpast)'
would lie have given either a hard chase ofsix or;: ;
seven hours, purely to gratify fe innocent 'cwn.'
osity to speak her and" atf(rtain jvriqt$e,ito1:' s
V hy should the thought have entered into - his -head
that the ship he had pursued and coine up' '
with, meant, by the firing of a, shot, to viplat,eth$
neutralify arid insult the .flag of the. United State -unless
he believed her to bel-B'HtUli ;Vessel of , '
w,ar.' Surely; neither the commodore nor any ot
his political friends would entertain at) idea that' a
public ship of our loving friend the French empeC
ror would violate' the neutrality . of the' United '
States; or viivsult their fiaf esptc '
'ws''aiWtrdH io-n-d,aK asn--irl'ports ;
It is true indeed, that tin cinperoif had told our '. "
rulers that they were a miserable packv-1 men T ;
without just political views, without honour, with
out energy and the unresenjjng, abject sub- ;
mission with which :?they have bdrnc this gross
and outrageous reproach, proves that the emperor
knew well their character, and that his signally
contemptuous language was riot hiisapf&ed. But
stilly this did riot Violate our; neutrality, nor insult -the
dignity of ouF flag. Th? connodore states
that " previously he had reaSpn tci fiel incensed
at the repeated outragei"c6mmitted on pur jflag
by the British ships ol war ;" and I very much
fear that the readers of lu3 own official report of , .
Ihis rencountfer with the;Brltiali i ship -Little Bejt, -;
will be" constraint
modcre himself did not, that during the whole of
this affair, he tilt, that (in pursuance of his orders) 7h 4
he was chasing and .fighting British ship of war, . I
and thus avenging the outrages'. at rwiiicii he :
had been previously incensed and that strongly
impressed wittj-'thli... idea, ffiiugh net kiinaelj awata y.
of it. the comriipdore thought that captain Bing
ham likewise knew, or was strongly. . .impressed.;
with the idea, ihat the ship at which he fired he- .. ;
fon tdihe United States ; without: fvmch im4
pressioil capt.; Bipgharii could not have intended';
to yiolate their neutrality and insult . their flag. If
the commodore's own statement vrill admit, of an
interpretation different front that I have given, 'I ''
ctftti he iervatJDv ' tofsee it- BuUetAis look-ii
little further, and consider.1 his reason for, giving-'
chaser V- ' 'PT- r )-;-: i4- -rffl ;':-:u4
Let it, be fecblleted "that jyhen btolsledv;!
the Little Bellas iriany miles d
discerned only from the.' comiriorc's nuisi-ha.f,f4
and stending towarcui , oimriu. yucj nj5nic);,li
grf?'"; And why should the commoddre imagine
that captain Bingham began the attack under thF
idea ' that it was. a favorable opportunity bf ac .
quiring promotion byviolating our neutrality and
insulting our fTag," when captain Bingham must
necessarily have believed the commodore's frigate,
to 'be Vza'pneihy- P by should captain Bingham4e
required to see, Uie American sjars jri the . Presi
dent' flag," when theTcommodore stktes'that hti
had never beep able to see the distinctive n ational
marks inthe dag of the JJttle Beit P-But al
though the commodore could hot see the size and
force of xht JLit tie; Belt, rit js certain thatiaptain
BinghacrTsaw cleatly the; formidably; tuperior sixe
and force'of the commodore's shipor t vould
not have run from htrv v For tlus reason, .frhen
standing towardser --that about an hour aftcrj
wards, her upper sails were stmguish able fi bni
the commodore' aecB 4iwnen. Tjue, maae signals,
Wtncn not oeiiig aiiavrcicu xjr uiui, vuft.iiji , y
her course and Stood to thVVrith ward. Thep,,';
says the commodore, beng desirous bf speaking'1 ,f
her, and ascertaining what she; aSJ:nov mad vf
ail4n-ehac-AudArj l we areto beheve, it wbiild it
seemj thahierely from curiosty,' lo ffieak aa-es-.
sel at great distance from him, on l)teligh ei
Xrfrxxrtearneraiae
HIIU n i ' . .
ed, t heopimodore gave her a six or sevtn hourr
chf.ee, and(5ailed:many miles -out of his course I. ;'j
for the ' tittle Beltat-'omeHifttm
from our coast, ran to" the i:T);wYlw
commodore gave her chasr anr-oun. accorflti ii
to the government paper, v rie.wsoereurovpy!
to sea immediately trom nwiapuiKw .whM,n;!i
h"is former station.! supped ati-v oiKciui? '
ing along the coast a$.fore J
eua'rding: 6pJtwpfim''Mis&ctW frvnv: uolaiiif j
iv.- ivy,.,' -.-.h, ".- v: Ti?i''':."i
'"is. " '. '.-'w..'4" n '
by foreign "crpistrs.
Ther commodore,:-comv;-'g ,
cernirigr the'.veel inightferoarK.s i.nar v r
svmmetry '. of her; sailld ,h;i!dng SiU:
shewed- hcr.'td.tft'. afman' oT:"j6r;&iT.O