11
tasis
DOLLARS fElt.rgAt,')
RALEIGH, N. C.
r
FiiiDAYi ; august" 1 8i :
1.
No,
1 ,
T
4
''ft'-?
ject'of bur alliance with" France being io main-lorthe dignity.ahd interests of his toting which course law andibe manner ot its extru
tain effectually', the UbeirtT sovereignty and in JeMis1 duty &s chief magistrate imperiously required exec'uuvei s the erojiewir's reus m& foi
pendenoe, Dsoiuteiy and unnniuea, 01 me, vnuca
States as soon as that object should be obtain
ed In diner words, 'as soon as Great Britain
should aclinovvledge and treat with us as indepen
dent, the Upited States would have no reason on
their ownaccouht, to continue tl war, while France
and Spain which' finally became a party in the
war, tnigh? have, and in fact had other objects of
their own to accomplish, by a continuance of the
war ; and therefore the French Court so earnestly
endeavoured to prevent our insisting upon the ad-
Politicals
Mr.; PICKERING'S ADDRESS
V fO TflK PR0PLE Of 'THF UNtTa( STATFS. '
yk, .c!',zf . '. .; 12: ; vfe.,
: y my first . addr63 I mlicipated", the. scurrility
' inst me withwhich,'the vehicles of slabdcr and
mwd have! kine'e. feemed 'Ahd it in giving
jtgp up as objects" of sx:prn and i.cbntempj,rhelf
jjincipien aavocaiesi-migni, wun aiicasi- inc
pluiible appearance of a probability .'have as
bed it to unjustifiable resenttnentment or ma
lice ; But .apart f om) the public , rniachiefs, from
edfcep injuries brought upon our country by the
juijconduct of these men, they would not have
Utitcted so much of ray attention as. to have
fata from me a single expression of reproach
or censure. Jf their mismanagement of public
ifuts could have been ascribed to weakness, then
toiamissef ation and regret that these had been
tntrustedto incompetent hands would alone have
Lh. taut tin Wars. c of the leaders of demacra
Lr. my soleoc primary view Jhf been to holdl mission of our indepeiidenice as a "preUmtnary To
otfr tpmrDericing"a hegotiatton with Great Britain.
Two 6ther points wete in like manner insisted on
by the same independent af nor, our ti$his to
thcLhrries and our" claim io boundaries, which
were, westward, as far as the Mississippi : with
the free navigation of that river. And a mem
ber of the ld congress has stated to me, that a
gainst these most important claims, the Fienctv
minister in Philadelphia remonstrated by memori
als to congress ; that Mr. Madison supported
tbese memorials ; and that to prevent our negro
ciators in Paris insisting on those three points, the
disgraceful ' instructions before quoted were ulti-
tion tV bur
for bia'Harn-
htm to assert and maintain, he contented ' himself bonillft Aecrec lie sttVs tli etTTrhr Kail nti.
with avery .futlfuli. evasive : paragraph,- inserted plauded the general embargo. - .V The Act of
by hta tpectal dtrrcftonm a letter Irom Mr. Smtlhio
gen Armstrong, his master at the French; courtaj
Here t is As the. John Adams is daily ex
pected, and a? yq'ur further communications by
her will better enable me 19 adapt the actual state
of our affairs iwith, thcFrenc.b govertiifientthe
observations prppt It to be jmade m relation to' their
seizure of pur property and to the letter of i the
duke of Cadore&f .'the ilih Februarr , is by. the
firctident deenteJ, fxjxditntmt to mak at' tu time
I
the 1st of March has - raisedthe embargo, and i
substituted for it mesure the" most irjM iou to
the interests of France, v This act-of which the '
tiujrewi; Micvr. iwuiiiip uuui very ujjejyjraeraiciT f
ed to American vessel the comroettc bf Prance,.
at the time that it' authorised thaii&Sbki&T K At-'?
pies and Holland ; that U to twyJeMri-f
under French . influenei , irt Ih-etywV' thK i?
dpendencits of Frarlct3 tfrijfi ienoulced
Ication against 'iVtjn&feZJ&'&il&'thl
any tttch aMmadvtruan. .cannotr however for ter that. pi$ ; .nHMl v;;;'rglitl,1
bear informing you, that. high indignatibn is felt ah4 commanded 4gnity,'jif. Fjncee'er r
by' the president,' as well as by the public,' at ihis the duke.de Cadore's letter of Aue.' 5. 1810. ta' ,! t
actof violence od our property, and althe; out.
rage, both in the language and the matter of the
letter of the duke deCadore, so justly potirtrayed
ift your note to htm of the 10th of March."
This paragraph 1 6all evasive, because by post
poning the strong and dignified remonstrance and
demand of reparation which the insult and injury
required to be. insUntly made, it was evidently
intended by this courser finally. -to omit z doing ei
ther. And why seeing Mr. Madison was not in
sensible to the insult and injury, would he put off
For a moment and nnally omit (as from Mr.
general Arinstroi.g.',
In a former letter f that of Februarv i.
the: Puke had told Gen. ArnSstrong ,( Tha as
soon as hisma jetty "was lnfofrned,.the non in. ;
tercobrse ..a "of; March I, 180S1 he consrde'rerl ;:ryf
u: '..et . j. ....... t ' -.r.4
himself bound to order'retrisa!s n American'fts.
sels not onyrih his;territory'' but likewise in the
countries hch are under ; hia-lnfliienceJ In thfi
ports of HoJiaiH of Spain, of iily, of Naples, A
mericaa vaisels have been j elzed : beeffuse .ithft
United ; Jate have seized French j vessels
The nature o reprisal is well knowii. Jc Was em-:
phatically e pressed to General .Armstrong fca
!1
Smith's statement we are authorised to conclude '
! he has omitted) to vindicate the honour of our this occasion-" If von J" the; United StateO'cnni . .
rights of our plundered citi-1 fiscate Frencfi property under the law of inohm '
t . . t I t ' I . I . I . ' . . t - t ! t 1- .m. .k ha aWSM. m MM, An 1 mm
Ittft expressed. , But tney nave oeen new up lo.maieijr given ; oy which mcy wcic iuuunuuua.jr
fcur fiew as men of enlighted minds, and your placed under the direction and their country at the
.tW Presidents particularly as political hinunai;ies mercy of thf French prime minister, the Count de
.tXtttL. n.n;t...i. iv.irlnn nf th ii.t i Vprj,iin(. nnH Thnt when the treatv. Tof
nrJer. Hence thev have received vour implicit1 peace emiltin:,r and ste curing those giat points t government andTlhe
itwt nhnunded confiilence. -And hence the ws -lrceivert he f Mr. M was the leader of the op. . Hens. To what can such
which onDress the .conntrv. And hence rosstion in congress to its being ratihed ; because ency to l ranee, sucn
..... . -r , - . . . . . . " .... . it m
fte necessity of exhibiting these men in their true those points were obtained without the concurrence servility re ascnoeu t 10
'W:tr to tohvince von that ther were never rand acainst the views of Vercennes. And that he : niity which utterly disqual
inritled to vonr confidence s and that this must. Madison even contended that it fchould he sent, station be occupies or a treachery which de-iare but lalse pretences. ' Lyine, formal., orvrnU'r i
- - . oi.. . i . . , . ... .... . . . w .
be withdrawb, or the country,, even now on the i buck, to r ranee tor tne consent ot vergennes De- manos nis impeacrnnerit ana removal r Whozed tying is a part ot the French empe
ignominious subservi-iteicourse, they will confiscate tour broDerfv Mti ;
f unspeakable baseness and' der their Raifibouillet decree." 1 -'
wliat, but a pusillani I am well aware that the reasons assigned by v
ifies him for the hichithe French minister for the1 ftjtrihriuilfet Am
tdee ofme precipice, will be plunged into an a- fore ratification.". That there was a zealous op
km of ruin. I will therefore proceed in my . position to ihe ratification of the treaty, on the
rork : regardless of calumny, and of all the per (grounds above mentioned is unquestionable. A
tonal consequences of a determined opposition to! vote of censure 'against. Mr. Adams and Mr. Jay
i t -r . : ' .
truce, without theii- kuowltdge and concurrence,
md Ultimately to coVetn ' themselves bv their ad
Vke and opinion." From the fatal consequences
m tnis absolutesubmission tohe Flench, Court,
was not obtained : but conversing once on this
subject, and mentioning a report made by the
then Secretary foi foreign atfairs (Chanfcellor
Livingston) against the treaty, or the conduct of
the negotiators, Mr. Adams told -me that he act ,
uallv recei ved a letter of reproof from the Secre
tary ; and tlia' it was then among his papers at
Quincy. Why the French government was so
strenously opposed to the concessions of the thiee
points above mentioned on part of Great Bri
tain, will hereafter be shown . , (
The same spirit, of devotion, of abject servility
towards France, combined with hostility toEng
land, has since been conspicuous in Mr-Madison.
It was maniiested in the virulent opposition given
by him and his associates, (doubtless having Mi.
Jefferson as . their guide and head) to the treaty
of amity and commerce wi'h Great Ihitain,
negociatedby Mr. Jay in 1794." The French
government affected to consider jt as equivalent
to the treaty of alliance with Great Britain, to
which the rifhts and interests of French were sa
crificed .' than which. nothing w.is more .unfound
ed and false. 1 he same spirit is manifested in
the whole of Mr. Madison's correspodence while
mud, deception and' treachery, wherever they
ippcar, and to that baseness of fear and servility
which, in rulers, may be equally fatal to the liber-
fits and Independence of our country. The sub
ret of theioUowing address jyill be
PRESIDENT M ADISON'S SUBSERVIENCY
. TO FRANCE. ;
At the close of my last address I remarked that
fte subserviency of our rulers to the views of
ftance, 6f, which I had indeed given ample proof,
wm as ' n rcaucticu iir. iviaaison in particular,
tar ixtnGiriIed by Mri. Smith, late Secretary of
State, in, the pamphlet he had just published in
Tindicaticra of his resignation. This attachment,
md devotion of Mr. Madison to France are of an
cient date The French Minister in Philadelphia,
in the last -years of our revolutionary warr had
icquiredsuch an ascendency . in. Congress (of
which Mr. Madison was then n member) as al
most to 'dictate the resolutions they should adopt,
w far as tney were peculiarly interestini? to
Prancei It - was,' the French - influence in Con
gress h.ich procured" the disgraceful instructions
to -onr Ministers Messrs. Adams, Franklin & Jay,
5jo rrake the most candid Und eonfideniial com-
taunirstiuns upon all subjects, to the Ministers i Secretary of state, In "-bis-enlightened and zeal
.w?ur generous ally the King of France, to under jfis par ticipation" in Mr. Jefferson s system of
tiise tno!hing m the; negotiations for peace or measures ; and in t
his continuing to pursue them
since he succeeded to rhe Presidency.
that is not alike base or treacherous, or both, can
approve his conduct, and support and praise such
a man ? Who not alike contemptible can with
hold his contempt ?
The character of the seizure of American pto
pet ty above referred to, demands a special con-
perpr's system . V
of government, as the plunder of ArrterTn4;t
" commerce . is within the scope of his policv. ,
But those who still affect to believe in his" pVotn-
ists who, like the President ud Congres's ot
the U States pass laws and issue proclamations
lounded on the promises" and dedaiatto'ni of
sidtration. The robberies and piracies commit-; Napoleon, whose open violaiian of the lavy of na-
tecl by the orders oftht French emperor, and the tions and of his treaty with the U. States j Mr,
instar-.ce of his wanton destruction of our vessels! Madison had himself publicly -stated';'' iiose ut(er
and their cargoes by burning and sinking them on j disregard to truth, w hose perfidy arid complfcated
the high seas, (an outrage which the gentle Mr. 'crimes can in modern times find no parallel and
Madison calls the most distressing of all the j which have been manifest to them and to the '
models by which the belligerents exert force con- world ; suchmen I say - who have had the eU
trary to right") have btep so numerous and for : denee of his falsehood & perfidy falore'-tfieir eyes j
so long time familiar to us, .they have,: ceased to 'evidences recejVed and read by the ''prttklehttf fend
by him laid before , Congress'; such mcrt cannot
consistently object to the emperors iniquitous per
version of their own acts, and offeiing them a
reasons for his robberies ; for they Still continu
to trust him x
Among the papers laid by. the President before!
congress at the commercement of the lasfcession,
excite supnse, and almost to rouse resentment.
On the last of March 1809, when the Jeffersoni-
an Napoleon embargo- (the delight of the
French emperor the object, of scorn and con
tempt to England and to ourselves only terrible
and ruinous) -had been fourteen ftlonths in opera
tion ; our rulers convincedofits inefhcacy m re
In his answer tblbeImm()nySociety of Bal
timore, dated May a5, 1809, Mr. JlLrstyn said
The hope ou express, that my successor will
. . . i .. '"I a w M
tne United States were saved by the penetrating continue in the same system of measures, is
tisdonv inflexible integrity and patriotism of Mr. guaranteed as far as future circumstances will per
kjr For Dr. Franklin Was dispbsed to be gov. mil. by his enlightened and zealous participation
mied bv the instructions, and Mr. Adami
m,HolCahd, until afer the basis of the treat y..of! is now effecting" for us." This happy pacification
peace between, the United States and Ureal Bii i (as I have heretofore.' remarked was the: deceitful
tain had been formed by Mr. Jay. with the British arrangement with the British minister, MrKis.
.minister. Mr. Oswald I have formerly men-j Vine, for settling the affair of the Chesapeake,
toned,' that when Mr. Adams arrived in Paris he I and the revocation of the British orders in court-
waroiy cooperated with Mr. Jay. IJr. r rankhnicil. I called it rflcpi.i, beeause-T believed 4haf
W also previously concurred with Mr. Jav- af ! the offensive and i
iff, the latter, refusing to deerade himself and his understood, actuullv nrevented it rail firm inn hv
tountry, 'by placingbot hin the power of the French i the king of Great BrTtain, was inserted on pur
Mmister, had induced the British Government to j pose and in full expectation that it would produce1
tend Mr. Oawald anew CdmmisRinn. fmnnwpr. ihrit f'ffnrt. T.r.
him to treat us, not as Colonies, but as thejK. Smith, that the offensive clause Was, contrary
to Iw ideas of propriety, proposed and insisted on
ing
I But although the terms of the treaty of neace
s obtainedwere advanrJageous, to the United
States, perhaps beyond the expectations 'of the
"t sanguine, yet many Members, of Concress
,;Jtre extremely dissatisfied ecause the French
yourt were displeased because the treaty had
wu made without theadvice, . and contrary to
e ii)lertated opinions and !shes of the French
misters and because our negotiators regarded
1C dignity ahd great interests of their country,
ore than instructions bv whlth. hnth u,tr i'a;;i
4'"Strhte1fit the feet of the Mi
,;Mon these partizans of France in the Congress
that day, no one, perhaps, was more cospicu-
Ui than iIr. Madison. - And were his.conduct at
'fi;it ."'mc 1ulyjjsplayed,iiis servility now would
Pper to be a continuation of his i early attachrhent
(iriftr- 'ri,;,i . i? li
r-" wwu iiiiercsis oi ms country i
)V tu formation on ihe subject is to this affect ;1
-v mere were three points tor. which the mdepen.
pt patriots of .the day strenuously contended
im that our independence should be considered
agvea point, and that G. Britain should at the
?cs treat With us as independent States ;' it be'
deredThato enter on a negociation with
"I5 acJ mission; would be to descend :ftxfn the
.gti and honorablfe ground of independence, to
'ue icriBet' r(n!;ti..r,vr .!n:.. Mcn k.:
by ATrr Madison himself.
While so ready to use offensive and insulting
language to the lintish government ; or, to use
tne worcis oi jvir.amnn, to acuin-as to it sentiments
" not reconciliable to that dignified decorum which
the; comity; courtesy of governments in their
mtercoune with each other ought to observe
we have-now the evidence of Mr. Smith,; that,
ivir.- iiaaison loroaoe nc senumg to gen. Arm
strong even the moderate animadversions which
he had -prepared, upon the most insulting letter
that was ever addressed by -one government to
another the letter of the French : Minister, the
duke de Cadore, of Feb. 14th, 1810 ; in which,
after a train of contemptuous reproaches, he char
acterizes those who administer 5ur government,
aV txheli without just political viewsy without hon
erj without energy." : :)
To the grossest of insults Mr. Madison would
not ''hazard expressing to that government ttte
sTighTeTTesenTmentTsrsensibil
the least complaint of the perfidious seizure of mil
lions of American property in F.rench porb ; seiz
ures whose atrocity was aggravated by the ground-
less pretences and palpable falsehoods,-by which
TheFrehch ministeTattewpterj"to iustii'y them,
Instead of giving scope to the just resentments
which such a letter could hot tail to excite in1 eve:
icriHet conctu,nof colonies, $c also being thelry independent mind ; ahd to the indigriant lah
?f Pponyngnhe-arT"for Ihe (lirecr of a-man feeling Tor hiso hemotn-arfd
gard-to Great Britain, and dreading the conse-; was a letter of July 3,J 810, confirming what had.
quences of popular discontents which had rapidly ; beeiLsaid in his letter of June '5 th from Mr. Seer?-
increased ; yet too pioud to acknowledge the lollyftary Smith to Gen. Armstrong, in whieh is the
of the measure, sought a retreat in the non inter. : following passage-" As has been heretofore stat.
course law a law which forbade all commercial ed to you, a satisfactory provision for restoring,
intercourse with G. B. and Ireland, their colo- the property lately surprised and ' seized uhdfci"
niesjor dependencies, 8c with France and her col- the Kambouillet decree by order or at the Irv
onies or dependencies, or with any place in pos-j stance of the French government, must be corn
session of either ; while it opened the doors of bined with a repeal of the French edicts, vvlth a
commerce to all the world beside. And to Ten. i view to a non intercourse with G. Britainsuch a
dcr this prohibition complete, it was enacted that i provision being ah indispehsible evidence of the
all vessels sailing under tne nag ot ureat Urrtain just purpose ot France towards the Un.ted States.
But notwithstanding this determination of the
or France which after the 20th ot May 1809,
should enter the ports of the United States, should
be seized and condemned. But it was known to
President qn the ih of Jbhe and J.u!y ;wuhout
any restoretibn of the property so surprised and
ourrulers, wh,ile they affectedi" in the terms of tht-!: seized ; and without any provision for such rested
law still absolutely to restrain our commerce with; ration ; nay after a positive declaration by the'
those two powers , that they would receive indlA French government that it was taken as a reprisal,;
rectly all the supplies they could desire from and that "the law of reprisal must govern,"t that
the United States,(and that by the usual manage- j is, absolute confiscation Notwithstanding all ihis,
ment lu trade we should receive from them such i ahd without any actual repeal of the French ,de
of their products and manufactures as should be crees, and only upon .the declaration of the rhost
be very necessary for us. 'faithless of human beines, that those decrtes
-In iuords this measuVe wore the appearance ofj would be repealed on', certain conditions, oiuoF ,
equality and impartiality towards the" two bellig. wliich ( the previous revocation of the British cr
etents; but like every other measure or the kind, ;ders in council ) it remained exclusively with the
it was equal and impartial only in appearance, i British government to perform,7btit. which Mr.
France had no merchant vessels to enterour ports; Madison knew would not be performed (because
Great Britain had many ; and it was against G.j as early as the 3 1st' of .' Abgi f8i0r-the Biilis'i
Britain excJusiyely that this prohibition was cal- 'secretary of state wrote to our minister in London
culaFed to bear Further, the dependencies' that before such revoca"tin of the Orders in cortn.
of Great Britain were her colonies and conquests, cil c6tild lake plate, " the'repeal of the French
over Which she exercised direct and positive do
minion. France possessed some similar " depen-
'
"1
dencies ' But she had also other ilrpendencie3t of
greater extent and importancecountries ' and
states which she had conquered or by fraud and
violence had seized,, whose immediate rulers were
kings appointed by the "French, emperor himself.
Such were Spain1, Naples and Holland; countries
our executive rulers chose in violation of the truth
of facts known to' them and the world, to consider
and treat as independent jtates; wliij their pa
geant kings implicitly obeyed their 'creator Bona
parte,, and decreed justice or injustice at his will.
But this very cunning contrivance to favour' France
( for that ,1 believe was its objeclmore than to en
large the sphere of our commerce) by facilitating '
the introduction of all the supplies it needed and
which the U. States could furnish, proved to bur
merchants a Snare In '.which" were surprised and i
caught some millons oft their property never to
be set free Fbr after jf. he lapse of a year ( to wit
on the 23d of March 1 8 io ) the Fre"nclv emperor,
at Kambouillet, issued a decree,:founded"on. this
non-intercourstf -jaw, ordering to be seized and
i6rd all .American vessels which had entered or
should enter the. potts of I'rjLnW and her depen.
dencies afte'r the 20th May 180'J.'.And ihe French
minister, the dtike de Cadore, assigned 'to geh
actually haVe takeh efTect'y noty "t
all these" things, Mr: Madison rssu-' '. ? '
decrees must
withstanding all theserthings
ed.his proclamation declarihg that the edicts
France violating the neutral. cbmmerce of the if ' -States
had h the 1st of Kov. last jbeeri re '
voktd as to cease to have - that t effect J'' Thus '
Drotlaiminrr to the U. States and to the world as !
4 fafet whaVhe did not know tqoe a Aict ; on the
cbhtrary, whaV the official evidence in his posses-' -'1
sion required him to believe was not a fact7and'r.T J
in proclaiming which as a fact he mustknowiiuil j 5 j
have disregarded the. ssehtfal provision, of.jthe ' S
and fromVliich alone could be derived the auv; J
thority to declare the. hon Iotercburse, , law t&. be .' i
revived agnstTlreat Britain. , .-;'
Let us how see in What manner IVlr, MsdisottJV
o-ivf4 fn Cnrtcrresa inlni'inviiC)it f.r rhft a'
Kambouillet decree, by v.htcU 'm:!l!oi.scf Amtri-t , a
can propeny nave' neen stizeu 'ri ';oIiHs.a!.u. .
Having1 mentioned the p'-e'endedJi .revocation oi' i f
tie Berlin and Milanj -
Jiave well accorded with VbeTWcniatoiy ju w s
indicated by this proceeding on the pai t ol Frsr cer
to have extehded-tbem to nil hcifTrfnds ol tost
complairit which noy rcinaiu'nndjfisttd vi h flip
U. States.: It was pa iticulaf y . an (Stated l!
f t
as a further evidence oT just "disprisitlonstowjidi'
erarArmstipng the provision' of the non xnts
"" - ' -. " v. .. , '" ". .J..-;..-
' ; V- . -'. .-. -
m,. res'oiH'ion wouifl n.ai.e occn iixjii!ui7-' -j.
'" "':'. - -V;: - . .. '.. . i f
- . v , .... -
t-