Newspapers / The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, … / Dec. 20, 1811, edition 1 / Page 1
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. 1 , , i . i i ft. i ' '-; j . - : ' .. -rfj k 1 foljgj ihem. ".fhepfesidfnt' had persuaded he was with this xicvr usiAj every" method ofsei " ' "tiv ' -UW C -v , himself lhat th unequivocal proofs' which theUi daction Ja'tSsct his puipose j )flTtiVn'tOracJjj mimiited o the approbauon tf r the . American 1$nt f. ,,., in violation of tgislaiure for .:the1mejriir adminiwtion oi tlie 'ntijier (,f winch injuries ht- irivRn in ll their ' transactions with white, lnbabftanf who would, siile with him 50 tf. foreign powers, aud particularly with Spainrof an crts of land and the gu iraptee ofhis religion 'and ! ernment Avotsld pay the 't'ebts" of the 1 Spanish government, whether due ! in'iJeusiona or "other wiser and that !) VotiM cauaq th .'officers and fcoldiers of the garrison be conveyed in .such pface as shpuM be ;ndicatp3, provided rhcy did not rather choojo to enter lid Ut seTrvif el of the tJnite States. M.'D'Om'Jiits one m The' honQr td totriirtu' nicarestome' a note which he purposes transWit tine'tn yon, sir jri' conseouence of Ibis" detached andmosrerti,oliinary Injelligehc jj and consU1 dermg iht AzZte enia ice suteisiinj; btiptrt' spam; ami vrcw uniain5 s -wtn H?i,xae otcum J'kXi-iisawa thifn fro irh ':aucB unmerited: a suspicion. He ' is " ikv 5 laaanttiiecompletaf w .-dissipate, Ivs ,&u , injurs which the United Statcsireteived, fit The atteotiort M his ; roaiesty's ffovcrn- ritvsit . w.ww -. t - 1 y b the tJnitedatcs fo the . niilitarr occu :a of; Yest, l-loriaa-uine language neni.uy 1 y president, at the opening of the late 'session ot Uurressa the hosttld - demonstrations maue oy t, , , mmwi td a OYeiit.amouait m the liisi L AoWrican firr&tmiJer -ApUhl '.bW , j&idltc ': b;reSsin"oT' their'.depoiit ai N-.' amaHfliiug y tn.vA v. jm-.m " t'Op,.'ifi.ot betoie ine cornmencemenioi me pre ti'onafy w'araBy one of. which , would most proba- il.l.r ki u Un rr,iMicffcr Muif ni war. Aiul venent. rii nil .in wt uvt in w . a w of t liesVonly ; the sppliauons that Were'comrnitied s has anv reDaration or !wvmce,4artso many dtrecj and positive proofs alorit n, t,nt ijten raade For injuries like those iat the, government pfAmerica ii prepared tol he first dasS) it is iinown to you that- Great uDjeci ine, province oiTfc r tonua w u- ,1., aT,i rance made indemnity. : 1 hc.United Jhoriiy ot tnev u.&tates . ? 'Statt-s.' however, do not tejy cn these injuries for jM:5pani3h mir.istepn jjomlon amiressef. a a jusiif,caon cf their conduct in this, transaction ;0te,iu the momhof March' lastto'his majesty's a.-hiul,rn the:P claims to retwr&tion for them are ccretaryof atale for Preien affairs,- expressing, hv ,1tr,is rclinnuiahfid, and. it is lobe nresum- a suWientdetaiythe feelioKS of the pvernment j vviU nr.r ahvav 1 netrlt-cted- U Spain, r?spccittng;this uiiprovoked aggiession! Wlien j n0r'm yau''xhat the province s& West is tnt integruv 0 tnajc monarcn. Florhlj to U; Pcrdido was a part ol Louisiaaa, a.-solemn treaty ; fiirjtances under which'be is place'd in this country. he has urgently requested that would accompany nts represeniauon wun a icuer on my par; in sup port of it. , ,, " After the solemn asseverations which you gave rne in the month of July, that no intentions hos tile to the Spanish Intercs's in Florida existed onj the part of your government,:.! am.wholly unable to suppose that governor Matthews can have had orders Irom the president for the coilduct which he is supposed to be puuing ; but the 'measures he is stated to be taking in corresnohdirfp' with Mri.Moiirrin" his nj;e to Mr. Smith of Dc w:e ,n(. wholtf; Droviuce formerly belonged to! traitors, and in ehdeavorine bv .briber and every mjMtylQ-. alreJf reminded the Ara- !.i.WMCei tlKuallhoiiRh it. was afterwards separated j. art of seduction to infuse a spirit of rebellion inio iiovtmdbrf Ct'h'e:iati(iiae'' alliance subsist; from' Tin otlie'r partV'.y'et thiit bt?t h-parts ; were'again jihe subjects of the king of Spain in those quar. n iiunct hi t;i hands ot jwin, au:. oy ner iccon- terSi are such as to create the liveliest inquietude, vi-vd ta-Trance, in which state the entire province and to call for the most early interference on the Ionvintys hisniajest; of the paci6cispcs;tion of f Loui;ia.ta 'way ceded to the Uiftted States in (part of the government, of the United States. -je'oftedSutts tpvards bp?:n. -Mr Smith in 13:3, tliat 1.1 accepting t!ie ce-.sion and paying fori The government of the United States is well i repllf bats Stated" hat it was evident that, no, '. l)iri 'ceded. ll,2 Unifed States understood aware .-of th 'dfn' Interest .whirli lii rnval hih. ytitlejOr ortfriendly purpose ivaj; ei'tera;n-.'d bv ;.cj;LV.?d tlut they paid f r the ccuntry.as far ness the prince regent fakes in the security of Merica towards Spain ;nd. that the AmetiGun 3S .h,. jpt riiido as pjit of Louisiana and that .00 Florida, - for 'any attempt io occupy the eastern iiuin- luajt.i a VMM., Mv..-.v....a r,j, oi nit n rjziu, me',' ir.cHincu in uieir , part ot which oy the Urntea o ates, not even the hJrank and cbociiiatory spirit which had b-en nvariablytaanifestcd a& the part of the U. Sta.es' Since, the-date pi this correspon!cncc Mr, Pink' if has-'bflVred1ho explanation whatever "f tlif Eotives4 which have actuated the; Conduct of (he iiitecStates irk ths)fransaction a bill Ii is !es produced into Conefress for " the estabhshraent . ) oTernment and protection of the territory of ummoned withdut etject. - ' Kistirbyal highnesffcthe prince regent in jht Jame and on the behajfof his majesty is sutlwil A- beeo urjrcd.Hto this.' step- by ambitious m r tf desire i of foVeian Conqusst anrrMvrj egrandisementi It would be satisfactory Ivoweve 7 . . . i . . .1 .... obe enaoiea to ascertain' tnat no consiaeration mected with ibe present state of Spain has in need America tt despoil that monarchy of a valu sbk foreign colony. . 1 he government ot thu Uiutea btates contends that the right to the possession of acertav par' of V'et Florida will not be less open to discussi n iatheoccupation of America, th in under the go erBment,t)f-paiii. 'iBu ihe bverinment of the United States under this pretext, cannot expect U avoid the reproach, which must attend the ungenerous and unprovok. e4 St(zureffofeigrV colony while Ibe .parent state is 1 engaged an e iioble con'est for indepen. dence, against a most unjustifiable and violent in fasionbfthe 'tghtibiolbof .tijnonarcii and puo.: pie ol Spain " : W piK watt, thereiore, tor an explanation irom ydul sir, as yto the motives which led to this un wsi airgresioii oy inc unucu oiaica on uie itrri toHesof his majesty's' ally - must cons;der. it as my duty to lose no time in fulfilling the orders of h.s royal highness thepruice reRent, by wtrii 1 am commartded in the, event of Hts appearing 'on n)y arrival )nf thisjeitjr that the United . Spates still persevere by menaces and active demonstration to i;laimvthemilitary-occupatton pi west l lor ids, not wiUistarwlingithe remo;''Strances of his majesty 's .tiji.--M.rt. - ' ' j .l : ..'.r.'. .r'it.. cnarge a anaires, ana we maniiesi lnjusHce oi me act,' to present: 'td you the scIemn protest of his ftjysl h ghness in,, the name end on behalf of his t-rtjcsiy afainst an 'act'which i. contrary, tcr-every principle of morality, "gdod faith, and national ho- Qo'brand so injurious to the alliance subsisting wiween his mujesty: and jthe Spanish nation.. 1 have the honour to Ue, 8cc.' ' . -4 ' 7 7VUG. J, FOSTER. kivs.-proviMpRS. adapit t to the c'e?si.:H " that ex.. slightest pretext could be-al'edged, such as were teiliu c omot Lii t.ahe a catise ot surprize to the ; brought forward in the endeavor to justify the ag priice veent, that ih.ey did not proceed to take 1 gression on West Fi possession of the 'mt'ot v m'q'ti-stbn as soon as i.- I-conccive it therefore to be my diify, .sir, in t'ie teaty w?.s ratified. Tii'e'fe was r.othingin the consideration of ihe alliance subsisting between Ci-.-cumst ;';cis. of Spain at that ti'nc. that coold Spain and Great Britain, and the interests ofliis -a- f-)ri.idJeft.thv iiiensure In denying the right majesty's1 su'jects in the 'West' Florida islands, f the Gnued States to this t orrery, her govern- so dee-ply iriVtdv. d in the security of Vast Florida, .n. rat invi l.I m-gotiv.iot. on that and every other, as well as in pursuance of the orders of my ''gov joiiit isi con'esta'ion between the parties.' The 'ernment incase of any attempt aguinst that coun J Jn'ued StaU-s...a.ccrp!ed the itivita iuu, .in the hope try, to lose no time in calling upon you for an ex-' nu it "oiil : sectii c aa-adjustineht and re para! ion planation of-the .alarming steps which governor i lorcvcy injury wntcn nan oven received, biu lead' Matthews, is stated to be taking-lor subverting ... v.io '.'if restora.'o;i ot peitect. Harmony De.iwven tive the bpai ish authority in that country, reauestini: OilVeSi WO rniintrifS. hilt in tlial ht.!." tJll' Kt'f t'lvmlci ttl- i.il' ,rroil h.r rrai tirt-i. uiltut a, if !... r e .. i Qsf r.. to put a stop . to his proceedings. ' -v - . . 1 hav the honor to be &c.- (Si?.ie.!) AUG. J. FOSTER. 77ie hsn. James Monroe, &c. tfc. S nee the year 1805, the period of the last n- go;w uqn wiih -.pain, the provii.ee of '.Vest Florida nas remained in a situation, altogether incompati ble vith Uie welfare of the statesi. The govern--merit of i pain lias scarctlv been felt there ; in cbosequc of wl.icli the 1. 11 airs of that province had Laun into usnaer. ut that circumsianr-.! howt er, the United-Starts look; no advantage.! ifrl have had thehonour to receive your let it was not until the lastyeai, 'when-'the rffrrr6ita.nts,'rof September 5th, and to submit k to the nerccivine: 'that &!l authority over them ha.-i ceased. yKW fhe .President.- . . ... , -. . .. - ' ;. 1 . ... .i ........ . t ' . .". , i. . r - ' v 4 -; Jy The U.pited. Stii'ealiaK rousjdjtied Iegmerp" 4 rienof-Sain indebted. to them a ra;tr,', unps for,ta"iniuvits-abi)vetateIvlhii. the provide vty- East Florlajan by apyiaiy standard between tbV.'v "Patties be .estimate4-at- They have lojjlfcd to" this province for ther'iMemiiity, and rirh. tbe s,' greater, reason, b;caJsqte:Vv6rmtnt ot Sfint' f-l itself, has countenanced (u fl lv.it they hv; aof-' J . 1 fered their just claims v-so--. Wig. unsatisfied, .Is new mm, oirouk? p-uijiii incjrtii..erriuii, w ?. s of their' rt spect,; (br ihe tdi vwered: cotlduion 'vf 1 i lj.at power, "n'liere.is, hfm'tvtr, a pcriod'bey.vtd Z, whicb-these claims Miabt Wtto he i.evlrtIt ; L would be,Jh!ghly' inipropcrr' the UftiVd Sutes.1 m ineir ict-peci ior,jainjin, .wjitkl wnB.TH'-ytuwe t v unjust and dtshitfio'iaVle'm the U4'&atr t's.f.r"; East JFlorida to pa.s into thel pesson. offany-o .' lose ,: V IIJUIU, VWKVAW.7V V "UVU VJItltUJ H yU the only indemnify within ittheu rechjfoi'ip- which oueht locff 5ince to haehcenrer, ", - tunes dressed. . Dishonourable, because iff. perrnittincr l,v another powet.to wtrest front them that indt mriiiyt-'-'f imputed' tdun worthy motiye' LjWlIv Florida,,is,' cut;;On,IVom!'tdie ojjani, huu surrouitucu in aKgrci?, iic.9urc.oy in,. - territory ' of: the United fitates r and': havingv ahoi'i'f an important bearing on thtjr; commerce, rpcthef ,X .&-" ppwer could ihinfejf takif g possessiolLjOf . iiHvi f ;'.'T- out cixdangciing their prosperity anbest interests, t,"?.;- i - iba.tJnited btotes have hot been. ignorant; or -V,' inattentive to What has bten agitate4 i i i . tT Er-o pe' . " -1 . at different periods? since'' the commlncemeit;bf ; -! -': ,( the present war? in regard td?the; Spanish i-pttti 'Xi yin.ces.jn- inisnemispntr .nor., ne,jy ot:...z unmindful of the cooWqoencmtp.'iicb tfeVdis-l- i' order of Spain" might, lead in , regard the; pro .iV' vince in ueftUoii withoutdu 'it::-' They haveeejivpubuacled tbat'imWsnt5n'i': their part rnlght ; invite7 tlve" dahger iftt ' ha JVpt aireauy aone it,' wnicn ir is fomucn.intrr interest : y: -. - r onI !n't!tM f A 4 nnntanr . Iikct-kl imnrooctif n-Sli. ! tbejacpnsijtallflfns', and: anxious," while ihcy as quitieq tnenistiveso me josv cuiims oijnttr (,-pn SIK. BIONROE-TO MR. FOSTKR. . KoNcmtier '?, 1811. stituents, to preserve fwetidship whb ifther (.ywtr, me suojeci was urougni oeioi&.m coiiret). . -, u , last session, vvbeh, an act, Was passed authofizr g the executive to accept possession of East i,U'.t-'-l from .the local authrities,, or to -take it ogaWist the attempt of a foreign power: :to 'occupy it, jj;-'-1:fHg1 it in either case siii jett to'i'uture' ar.rf Meix'iiy ne) gociation..-' This act, therefore, evinces tlrV jj.st and amicable views bjr which the Uniterf Svatei . have been governed, towards Spajn, in the m'ta- sure authorized by it. VObr rninisters ait London ' 4,nd Paris were immediately' apprised cf the act ( and instructed to communicate the purport of it," to both governments, and to explain at the same time, in the most friendly manner, the motives" which led to It. By a late Tetter frorti the Ante rican charge d'affaires at London l observe, that ' this explanation was made.to your govemmeTU ids;', the month of , last. That it was not sooner made was owing t6 the departure of the minister A rose in a body with the i nit n-ion to tr.kc the cotwi-: 1 1,e principles which baye governed the United lenipbtentiaVjr of the U. States before the' instruc try into their o'wirrianda, jhat' the American go. States in their measures relative to West Florida, vion was received. "v -? '-'--V - vernment interpose d. lL,vampostible for the huvc 'ey been explained to you. With equal j am pei;suad.ed, sir, that you will fee inth T . . i It . UOiteu taieo ruoi't wun laauiorenGe amove. frankness J shad now comrnunic-te the part they have acted with respect to East Florida. In the letter which I had the honor to address to yoy on the 8th of July, -1 stated the injuries nieitt in which they were . dVply 'forested. The cesidennvoiild hav. incurred the censtire.of tnr nation x if- h-i -1 1 ad mf Fered 4at-prfv i nee to be wreste-.S Iromhe UorteditTtwpund-r a pretext of wresting it fromSjjdn, Xn taking possession of it in their name, r.tui iitidi i their authority, ex cept hi thtwHirt which was-O'.c u:ne hv the Snnnish- troops.' wh' hae ret been distu tied, he del ended theu' rights of-deposit at New Orleans, just be die rijrh-n and sectic! the pe ice of the ration, !iore the commencement of the present war, for and even f.nn:.iiied th- honor of SpBiu herself. neitner ol which had reparation been made. A ;Bibii event t'';- U-uied ttates have acquired no claim 10 indemnity lor these injuries,' is pltoge- new title to West i'h.rhb. They wanted none.; uer "ncohnected with the question relating to In rdjiisVihg herealer al! the -o'hev points ''.which West Floridai which was acquired by cession bom retnaiit to be 'fcdju.v a VSpainr ar.d .which it is ' Ff'-in 803-'-'- -. ,; - - :- proposed -to, make ti.r 'uibject of arrdcalde ijegotj. ; , Thegovemment. of Spam has never denied the ation as soon as the overnnient of Spain shall be l,Sht of M'e U. States to a juM indemnity for spo settled; her claim to Ins territory.' may jiljo be Nation, on -t-belf commerce.' In 1 802 it explicitly t'iewof the subject, a very strong proof of the just and amicabredispGsiiron ot lheUnited States to wards Spain of wjiirh I, treated in , Ue cohfernce, to which you have alluded The sarde disposition wnicn the United btatts had received trom t;n vUi-FTTsilt m,r l.o n!prKfooH rhanrraivr Spain, since their revolutionary war, and partictt rtot be' indulged lontrer than may comndrt with the faily by spoliations, on their commerce in the last saety as Well as with the rights and honor of the S war, to-a great amount, "and of the suppression' nat;on 1 , 4. f '. ' MB. WOKKOE TO 2IR. FOSTER -Sir I have had the honor to receive the not? brought into view and receive all -.the attention which is r''. to it. . -f4.'. , . ; -- . ' Aware that this transaction might be miscon ceived and misrepresented, the pieiident di-emcd Ik a proper subject 6! "instruction Jo. the mihi-jtefs of the Uiu'ed States at foreign eon ins to place it in. a true Uhlbefore him. ...Su.ch an . instruction was -forwarJed to Air TThkney, their late minister plenipotentiary at Loudon., who would-have'exe-cuted it, had not the termination of his mission fiich you have presented, by the order ot his. royal ; prevented it. The pr. sident cannot doubt that the highness the prince regent, to protest, in behalt frank -explanation which I have-now- piven by i the regent of Spam, against.the possession late--.his order, "of the consideratl-ns which induced the M.-4en by ine u. ataies oi certain pans west United S ates w ft ake-possession of this country, ?r AhVoiigri the president cannot admit the right $f .(xVc-at IVritain to interfere in any question reht jr.g to.Miat" province; he is willing to explain, in a jl'iendly mknnef, the considerations which indu; tdlhi United SYitesito take the step against which jotfiave beep ordered to proTest. ; : - . Jt .'.W to bcSinferrt"d from youy view of the sub. Kt, thalhe Bi Kiah gdvemmeht has bren i.iught to btliei-e'that the United Stales' seized a moment inatiinpl embarrassment to wrest from '.Spain a proyihce Jto which they had no right, and that tliey .'we tar pfdm ptedjtoi t by,, their interest alone, ad a luioaledge that Spain could not defend it. East: Fioiid under date fef jhe Hthuft Olhine'. hnu .-vpv !rnre' remote from the fart. . : . - nan the niosmnwinn nn winch tour 'e'overnment , . . r , " " ' . - will be perfectly satisfactory to his royal highness the prince regent. r VVith great ruspejet and consideration, t iiave the honour to be, sir, your most nbediem secant, . jSigned) J AMI S MpNRQE. Aqg.'J. "ftter, Esq. 'Vfc. fcrc. " '.- . MR. FOSTKR TO MR. MONBOE. '-'.-" l'lu!adephia, SefJ 5, l&H. . Sir .The chevalier d'Onis, who has been ap pointed minister" from 'his 'Catholick.' majesty -to Ihe United States, has wriUen to inform rne ibr.t he Understands by letters from the-governor of admit ted the right by entering into a convention thd'obj-ct of which was to adjust the amount -of the claim,-with a view to, indemnity. Cj$h& qnent injury I y the suppression tf deposit aT N: Orleans, produced an irnpOrfant xliange in the re lations between the parties, Vhich has, never .beeri accommodated. The V. Slates saw in that mea.: KUie eminent cause pf war, and that-war did Jiot immediately follow, Tcannbt be considered in any oth'er lighyU4htfrj as a proof of their moderation grid pacific policy. The executive eotild not believe that the government of Spain would refuse to the U, States the justice, due to-these acciittKilate'd injuries, when the subject should be brought so lemnly befqre it, by special missi&n. It is known that arrenvoy extraol-dinary 'wa's1ient"tQ.'Madirid in 1805, on this, su'ojccW and tnai the mission did not accomplish the object inteiledljy W. Tt is proper , to obseirye, that in the negotiation with Spain in 1805 the injuries complained of by the United States of the first class were again sub, stantially admitted to a certain extntva'was that aUo occasioned by the suppression of the deposit at ; New Orleans, although the Spanish govern ment, by disclaiming the act, and. imputing it to. the intendant, sought to avoid the Ttsponsibility due from it ; that to make indemnity to the Unit rH fi'.ntfa for tninrifs of every kijid, ;aTjressiQnOL I have the honor to be, fee- &c JAMI.S MONRpE political. i From thi Scoukss. - - '-.,-!...-..') fixtracta Jrom Tcuchttonr' Bjografihical . Diction- 9 (try. jflston Willis, a member cf Congress from N. Carolina, and. one 'of "Jiffe.fsori's aivi; Madison's- v 'backstairs gentry ;;a roan of the most sleoder a-.' - f biluies ; incapable of writing a, letter suncjeii'ly r ( influence at cbprt,', ' auu is consvdered. a leading? f Ppeai- to have acti-d. vefnor Matthews ;of .the state of Genrg'a.w,tt.s aj jthe rhole'territory. claimed, by Sdair. eas that iim.eat Kewjpwnttiirjr-ALMn . the' fi-onUtheJabsi'ppi was Tnade the subjtct of Examples dfso unworthy; tiers "J I'londk for thes purpose nf treating .with slward of negotia tionV and: that the amount of the sum demanded xohd.ua are unfortunately too frequent in the ! the inhabitants' :b that province TiHrs bcTn cause that a treaty was not tl.bit nUlorf 6fnatioj"i: bflt iheUftUed States lave not-vtred up to the United States' government j that'forrnvdan'i the; teiritoiy added-7 : ; ? . r ,l -V '' '' ';;- ''"'" " ' '''-:'- '' " ,v-; . - '-.-? - - ? - ' : ' - ,'.'--- - r ' - ' ' ' -i -f$:PA rt? 'XJ .; ,-;.-: .':;..'...',-' Wf- ' .'""':.. ;'' " --' -'4...;-? ,::'- .- ;?.i grammatical. to be understood ; abd nnhrqu(im,edf even with prihoiriphy. Yet this man has crVatf ? democrat, both at home, and at Washington.- Bufr Aaotif a democrat. -XVaa , elected vice? president of tlie United States, but encleayored by-;-:".' t, intriguing to . obtain the presidency- ' 'Hf j murderer, a seducer,' a conspirator, ahdln ! ihwtivi one of the-most' unprincipled men . that evefivedt f Notwithstanding his crimes, -he 'has.' . 'gtiejany. ' ?j been cares'secLby the leading democrats, "particu?! larly by ihe brother of . thej lKe. secretary .vSrnthf who (as Well as mSny other Jnfluetuial democrats .? v-7 high in effn) at this time holds acorrt-spi ndchcei J witli. him. - '. - 4 ; .- r-: ; i Co'tTftn John B. a printer a man f f totents put- : one of the most ', pi oflig'ate t.fca'ragtc r-fiving-'j "was;,, bribed by Jeffersoft?,Matiison ar'ci ti e 'Stni hs, to wjiteaguirtsthe ffdcyal party.iJtf;JV5n.;d , .af-.?? terwanls at their request, removed in V Bsirrngtf n ' j j where, he edited a pnper; dcvotx.il sob y j tue- y,: iews and interests of tbo'c,'m?rii , '".,.. ror his, fct-,". ; vices he was rewarded with n . fticrllre -siuiadyirvyAje tn the department 6ftatee.rIibten.remaHtahiev" for a disposliiuh to cheaksntt defra ud hut .mere , , ( remarkable for frtnuept lnToxicr'jon. k F 7 Genet Edfoiir.dX'. lenci;nv?n. ; .sent to'.lhia? toiiritry in the chai acrer;vb,f an a m bass'ad-r s hoit ... k y afttrlthe Americali reoluiim. 7-1rted the;' J govelifnerit, and waS'io Consequence Vopcrct;de''f '? r - .1 - - . . - -.. . - --'...- - .-'- ' - ' - . - -i-' i ' : -t- 4
The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Dec. 20, 1811, edition 1
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