Vol. IS.
J'
; RALEIGH, (X..C.)'
TRIHtED, WEEKLY, BT ALEX.' LfccAS,
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'lion; and in like proportion "where tbere it a greater nanbe'
' ot'l-hw tfianTotij'teeo. ' .' . , -
State-Papers.
AUSTRIAN MANIFESTO,
CONCLUDED.
When the commencement pf.hostiUtier was
jflo longer doubted, his majesty Was compellm!
to have recourse to measures, wutcn, in Huuiina.
and necessary consequences bf a previous vio
lent political convulsion aud too just to view it
in anger; was solely bent upon securing, by deep
digested and well combined-measures, the real
and perm uncut interests of the, European , torn?
raonwealth. Already, in the beginning of..De
eember, considerable steps hadbeen taken on
the part of thcf,Austrian cabinet, in order to dis
pose the eniperor Napoleon to quief and peace
ful policy,- on grouuds which equally interested
th whofef aHd-his own welfare. These steps
were, froni time to time renewed and enforced.
Hopes had been entertained that the impress
siqn of last year's campaign, the recollection ot
the fruitless sacrifice of an immense army, the
severe oiQasurcs, of every description, that
would be neeessary to replace hat loss, the de
cided disinclination of France, and of all those
nations connected with, her, to a war, winch,
tural and dangerous a conjuncture, ungSt.com-jwithotit any prospect of future tndem:uncaUnn,
wun just ewsiuauousj extra us ted ana ruinea ner internal -sirengm
nine bis own security
for the real interest of nelifhborinc states The
svstem'of unarmed inactton-lhe only neutrality
which the emperor Napoleon,' according to his
-own declarations, would have permitted, was
by every "maxim of policy, wholly inadmissible,
ami would at last have, proved Only a yarn en
deavor to shrink from the approaching trial.
A power so important as Austria could not re
pounce alLparticipation in the interest of Eu
rope nor could she place herself in a -situation
in which," equally ineffective in peace or , war,
jhe would dose her voice and influence in all
great negociations, without requiring any guarr
antee for the security of her own frontier. , To
prepare for war n-gainstFrance,would have been,
nmler the eiTstiiig c
onant with eauitv as with prudence. The em-
w
that: lastlv.. even calm reflection on the doubt
ful issue of this new and highly imminent' cri
sis, would move the emperor to listen to the re
presentations of Austria. The tone of these
representations was carefully adapted to the
circumstances of the times, serious as the great
ness of the object, moderate as the desire of a
favorable issue, and as the existing friendjy re
lations required. . ,
That overtures flowing from so pure a motive
should be decidedly rejected, could not certainly
be foreseen. But the mauner. in which they
were received, and still more the sinking con
trast between the sentiments entertained by Aus
tria and the whole conduct of the Eniperor
NaTwleoliTTOlie
hitherto
iustifieat ion of the whole intended and
adopted measures ol lns Imperial Majesty. ,
---ThnsYarwere circumstances, dfeveloped vhen
the "Emperor Napoleon left Parisih order to
ijxakir. head against theprogre8Sf the allied
armies.- ven their enemies nave pone nom
as to. the' valor of the: Russian and Prussian
troops in the sanguinary actions of the month of
iiiay. ,f Hat, however the1 'result oi ims nm
period of the campaign was not more favourable
to thenv'was owiog partly to,the great numer
ical superiority of the French force and, to the
universally acknowledged military, talents pf
,1 'l.''.l '' -.l'J A a fA' ' '..I
tneirieaucr, ana paryy to me political comui
uat ions, iby which the allied Sovereigns Vere
guided in all their undertakings. They acted
under, the just supposition, that a cause like .the
one in which (bey were ensraged could not pos
sibly be confined to themselves, that sooner or
later, kether successful or nniprtunatej every
state which si, ill -preserved a .hadow of inde
pendence must jtinlheir confederacy,- every in
dependent army'must act with them. They,
therefore, Jid not allow further scope to the
braveryof their troops, than the moment re
quired,and preserved a considerable part of
their strength for a period, when, with more ex
tended means, the v might look to the attain
ment oJ greater objects.
aud with a view to the dev
unfcr the-medlatiftiior Angtria, it bccameTicV,-r
ccsMiry w uuiifiu iuc lurmni asse Ql 01 tne.iSm
jesty resbived towards lh end of tnionXhof '; -f4
junxaseno am minisicrior t" oretgn Affairs tofWy
DresdenJ' iThe rein It ofthlst mission wn.n v-fe 4i :t
vctiuii vuutinuci-ijjju (.no viuriiem June, aer
cepting the mediatJon'of 'bia ImperiallUafesiT '
in the negociiton of a eentralflnd if ,hat enkld
4"
rv
uo cnccvcu, w a j ivuwiuiu vonunentai peace. ' - t T,
The city of Prague was fixed upon for theneetf '
S; 'of ."Coogress, and the fiCth of 1 July fcrjhe S
day of its opeuing. ,1b order to obtain a"sB0l-' H h
cfent time for the, negocisitfon; it was determlf
ned bv the samo Convention (bat the tlmicni
Ill At fhf Hmriivfn
Napoleon should not give notice of the rupture;
oi ine Armisuee wmcn was to termn4te on the ! -2(kh
of July, at that time existing between him-
self and ltuuf Jiaj till jKe i Oth of Aagust j an3
his MatyTthEmperprd npon
ohtain a imilar DecjarajjoB ' froni -.-the'-Russfaa'-'V IV
and Prussian Courts! ' ; .TC'. '-';.
The points which had ' beqn .determined I
Dresden, were J hereupon imparled to 'the tw :' I
Courts. Although (the continuation of the Ar -inistiee
was attended with many objections, and
For the same cause,! with much serious inconyenieuce to them, tha S7Q
elopement of events, desire of giving to... his Imperial Majesty ano- .
4i :'';-i-j:'x'ii ' ;i
thev consented to the Armisfice. . thcr proof of their confidence, and at the sami
- In the mean time the retreat of the Allies had time', to satisfy the world that they jtvotild not
for the "moment given an appearance-., to the refuse any prospect of peaceliowey'ercconlined
war, which, daily became more interesting to it may be, that they would not refuse any a(-
the Emperor, from the impossibility, if itshould tempt which might prepare, the way .to it, oyer
proceed, of his remaining an inactive spectator 8 came every consideration. The only alteration
of itrhe fate of
tirnsnpnt of nttaiinri!? manv nenencial results nvilnat nnr vimv nt thp future. Mm! to lessen. Ike tli hrar ctoi tnunrds thtnt trio whole Moliucar
a skilful employment of the established friend-j general despondeucy, it was on every occasion system 0f Enrone, and he viewed the dancer in - .In the
)y relation, by confidential representations;, sulemnly declared bbfore the highest authorities which he now stood, as equally affecting him- as yet
and hy conciliatory councils, had not been a?iin France, that the Emperor would hear of uo self. Already, in the month of April, had thefnating
laiidoued as hopeless, ajul with regard, to the proposition for peace, that should violate the ! Emperor Napoleon sucgrested to the Austrian
iiuegnij oi me x-iciini cuipnc iu mc a.-1 cuuu : tjiDinei, lllai ne cousniereu iiic uissuiutiuu wi
endeavours for peace, soon destroyed the best'point which peculiarly attracted the attention that Uie term oi the opening the Congress, since
peror Napoleon had given his Majesty jio per- j hopes that were entertained. Instead of endea- of his Alujesty, feeling as.the Emperor did, .that the final regulations could not so sopn. be de
oual ground for hostile proceedings ; and thejvouring by a moderate language to improve at 1 the restoration of the Prussian Monarchy was term ined, should be deferred until the 12th otk
mean time his Majesty, whrrwoiild uot
abandon all hopes bf completely term!-
by a general peace, the sufferings of man
1 . 1 .1 il. I jV il . L A'a T 1 . .-
Kimi anu uitr vuiiviusiuiis oi me pouucai woria
had also resolved upon a new attempt with the
BritishGpvernment. ' The Emperor Napoleon i
not only received the proposal with apparent
approbation, but even voluntarily offered to ex-,,
peuite the business, by allowing the persons to
be dispatched for that purpose to England a
passage through France. When it was to b
carried into eflect unexpected difficulties arose,,
the passports were delayed from time to time'
under trilling pretexts, and at length entirely
refused. This proceeding afforded a fresh ana
important ground for entertaining just doubt as
immediate interests of the state such a revolu
Hon would inevitably have been attended with
ibis consequence that the Austrian territory
would have become the first and principal seat
of war, which with its well, known deficiency of
means of defence could, in a short time, have
verthrown the monarchy. v
In this painful situation, his majesty had no
Other resource than to take the field on the side
of France- To take up arms for France, in
the real sense of the word, would have been a
measure, not only in contradiction with the du
ties and principles of the emperor, but even
with the repeated -declarations pf his cabinet,
hie h had, without any reserve, disapproved of
Jkis war. On the signature of the treaty of the j
43lh March, 1812, his majesty proceeded upon)
Jwo dislmet principles ; the nrst, as is proved
y the words of the treaty, wns to leave po
v JueaTis untried which might, sooner or later ob
tain a peace : the other was, to place himself
internally and externally in a position, which,
if it should prove impossible to effect a peace,
or in case the turn of the war should render de
cisive measures in this part-necessary, would
.suable Austria to act with independence, and iu
either of ' these eases, to adopt the measures
,whi.ch a just and wise policy should prescribe.
fUpon this principle it was, that only a fixed
and comparatively .small part of the army was
destined to co-operate iu the war, and the .other
jtoilitary resources, at that time in a state of
readiness, or that still remained to he prepared,
iWete not called forth for the prosecution of the'
.war. By a kind of tacit asreemeut between
jieuse of the word, or that should make any pre
tension to the arbitrary incorporated provinces.
; At the same time, eventual conditions, with
Which this self created boundary did not even
tfppear to have any relation, were spoken of, at
one time menacing indignation, at another with
bitter contempt as it.it had not been possible
to declare in terms sufficiently distinct, the reso
lution of the Emperor Napoleon, not to make
to the repose of the world even one single no
minal sacrifice..
. These hostileaemonstrations were attended
with this particular mortification to -Austria,
ll . 1 At I .1 A I. ' ' . - A ' . . . . . . . . .
mai inev uiuctru eyen uie invuaupns 10 peace his nrenarations with unwearied activity. tie
with this cabinet, with the knowledge and ap-un.;ttcd. in the earlv part of July, his residence,
parent consent of France, lpadeto other Courts, !ami proceeded to the vicinity of the scene of ac
in a false and highly disadvantageous light. tion, in order t!te more effectually to labour at
The vereigns united against France, instead! (l,e necrociation for peace, which still continued
of an answer to Austria's propositions for ne
gociation, auu ner oners oi medial ion laid before
the Prussian Monarchy as a natural conse
quence of her defection from. France, and of the
continuation of the war, and that it pow only
depends upon Austria to add the moit impor
tant and most flourishing of her provinces to its
own state ; a suggestion which shewed distinct
ly enough, that no means could properly be neg-
lected to save mat rower, irtnis great oujeci
could not be obtained by a just peace, it was ne
cessary to support Russia and Prussia by a
powerful co-operation. From thU natural view
of tilings uport which even France could no
lonerer deceive herself, his Majesty continued
her the public declarations of the French Empe
ror. And when in the month of March, his
Majesty sent a minister to London, to uiviteEng
Iuhu to sharein a negociatiou for peace, the Bri
tish ministry replied, " that they would uot
believe Austria still entertained any hopes of
peace when the i.mperor Napoleon hud iu the
mean time expressed sehliinculs which could
only teud to the perpetuation of war j" a de-
i .i.V.i. i t i. i:
ciaraiioii wjiiuu was uie more piumui 10 nis,
majesty, the more it was just and well found
ed. " '-
Austria, however, did not upon this account,
! i I. J f. . . 1. ! . i' I . ! . n . nmlixit .lna.iita . n m A
lli II U Uiijcci Ul ilia Hi 31 til ui rui ucsu co , auu
partly to be able the more eliectually to cop
; the belligerents, the Austrian, territory- was e-j terms the necessity of pei
ven treated as neutral. The real end and viewsj the Emperor of France 5
ace, upon the mindot
. ....
niperor 01 r ranee : directed in all ner
of the system adopted by his majestyfeould not ; measures by this principle, that, as-aHordcr
een des-
ranee,
escape the notice of France,Jlussia, or anybel-,and balance of power iu Europe had hex
Jigcrent observer, . 1 4"" 'troyed by the boundless superiority of F
The CAinnaicn of 1812 furnished a nicmora-i ; no real i,eace w as to be exnected. unless that
lie example of the failure of an undertaking,! superiority were diminished His JSlajesty in
supported by gigantic powers, conducted by a the mean time adopted every necessary mvasiue
.captain of the first rank, when, in confidence of to strengthen and concentrate his armies: sensi-
great military tajents., he despises the rules of . ble that Austria must be prepared for war Tfher
j prudence, antL outsteps, the bounds of nature, j mediation were not to be entirely unavailing.
The illusion of glory carried the emperor Napo-; His Imperial Majesty had moreover been
Jeon into the heart of the Russian Empire, and long siuce persuaded, the probability of an im-
afalse political view of things, induced him to ! mediate share in the w ar, would no longer be
imagine, that he should dictate a peace in Mos-l excluded from his calculations. The actual
i
3
duct the preparations for war, if no other choice
should remain tor Austria.
A short lime before, the Emperor Napoleon
had declared, " that he had proposed - a Con
gress to be held at Prague, where Plenipoten
tiaries from France, the United Stales of N.
America, Denmark, the King of Spain, and the
other allied Princes on the one hand, aud on
to the sincerity of the assurances which thct
Eniperor Napoleon tad" more than once pub
licly expressed of his disposition to peace, al
though several of his expressions at that parti
cular period, afforded juat reason to believe that t
a maritime peace was the objeot of his most
anxious solicitude. -v ;
During that interval their Majesties the Env
peror of Russia and the King of Prussia had
nominated their Plenipotentiaries to the Con
gress aud fimiished them with very decisive
instructions. On the 12th July they both arri
ved at Prague, as well as his Majesty's Minis
ter, rharged with the concerns of the Media
tion. The negociations were not to be protracted
beyond the 10th of Angust, except in the event -
the other, Plenipotentiaries oi England, Russia, of their assuming such a character asta induca
Prussia, the Spanish Insurgents, and the other
Allies of tins hostile mass, should meet, and
lay the ground work of a durable peace." To
whom the proposition was addressed, in what
cease to impress iri more forcible and distinct Imanncr, in what diilomatic form, through
whose organ,. it could have been done, was per
fectly unknown to the Austrian Cabinet ; which
only was made acquainted with the circum
stance through the mediation ot the public
prints. . How, too, such a project could be bro't
to bear how Irom the combination ol such dis
similar elements, without any previously regu
lated plan,, a negotiation for peace was to be
set 0:1 foot, was so little to be comprehended,
j a confident hope of a favorable result. To that
day the armistice had been extended through
the mediation of Austria j the political and mi
litary situation of, the.; Allied Sovereigns, ;tbeV
condition of the countries they occupied, and
their anxious wish to terminate an irksome per
riod of uncertainty prevented any further exteo
sion of it. AVith all these circumstances U10
Emperor Napoleon was acquainted ; he well,
knew that the period of the negociations was
necessarily defined by that of the armistice;
and he could not.moreover.conceal from him
sell how much his own determinations Would in
fluence the happy abridgment and successful
00 w -should cripple the Russian power for half! state of things could uofe "be continued: of this
j 1 71 a'a' uri I . . . 0 ' . . ...
a centurr, and then return victorious. When
; the maenanimbus constancy of the emperor of
. .... . ...
. JKussia, the elorious deeds of his warriors, and
lhe unshaken fidclitv of his people, put an end
3 'A'' A 1 1 A 1 A 'A -A.
to his dream, vyjisJpaJto -misconceived,-even for-a
- impunity.
scattered
The whole of the French army was
and destroyed in13Uanfour I thiflgs.must be effected
luontlw, weTiava seen the theatre of war trans
; icrrcdfrom the Duieper and the Dwjna, to the
.Oder and the Elbe. . ' - ;
This rapid id extraordinary change of for
:ine. was the forerunner of an iinnortaut revo-
v 1 r - 1 - - - w . 7. . . , Jt 1
lution in all the political relation of Europe.
The confederacy of Russia Great Britain and
.. Sweden, presented a point of uuion to all
; neighboring states Prussia, whom report, had
; long declared determined to risk all, to prefer
even the danger of immediate political destruC--i
tbu to the lingering sufferings of coutinued op
pression, seized the favorable moment, and
.threw herself into the amis of the allies. Many
g vaterand smaller princes of Germany, were
t riady to do th same. Every where the ardent
- sires' of the people anticipated the regular
'JP;cecU;igs of tlieir governments Their impa-ti-ica
to live in independence, &. undr their qwn
,l iws, tlas8euti?ii?nt of wounded national hqnor,
ajtd tie hiitrf-.l'of. a' foreign, dominion, broke.
,1 out into a bright Karnon ail sides. ' 1j2
Hi nixjeitv.the ir.iiperor, too intelltgent not
to consider lUts change of affairs as the aatural
the Kmperor was , convinced; this conviction
was the mainspring of his actions, and was na
tu rally strengthened by the failure of any at
tempt to procure a peace. The result was appar
ciation or by fofce of arms, a new state of
The Emperor Napoleon was not only aware
of the AuBtrian preparations for war, but even
acknowledged thenwis necessary, and justified
them iu more than one instance. He had suffi
cient reason to believe that his majesty the
Emperor, at so decisive a period for the fate of
the.-whole world, would lay aside all personal
and momentary feelings, would alone consult
the lasting welfare of Austria, and of the coun
tries by which she is surrounded, and would
resolve jiothing hut what this great motive
should impose as a duty upon him The Aus
trian cabinet had neter expressed . itself in
terms that would warraut any other construc
tion," and yet the Freneh did, not only acknow
ledge that the Austrian mediation could on Jy be
atrarmed mediation, but declared, upon more
than one occasion, that Austria, under existing
circumstances, ought pp longer to Confine her
self to act a secondary part, tut should appear
iu force upon the stage and decide as a great
and indepeadeut Power What the Frencjti
Gqvcrnmeut could Kope or fear from' Austria,
th; aclcaowledgtment was of itself a previeu
that it was very.allowable to consider the whole
proposition rather as a play oi the imputation,
than as a serious invitation to the adoption of a
great political measure.
Pcricctly acquainted with all the obstacles to
a general peace, Austria had long considered
whether this distant and difficult -object, was
not rather to be attained progressively j and, in
this opinion, had expressed nerseU both to
France, and to Russia and Prussia upon the
t a. t - a 1 m Ti l a
suuiect oi a continental peace, noi mai uie
I
It
result of the pending negociations.
moment, the necessity and importance of an u-
niversal peace, among all the great Powers of
Europe, and without which there was no hope
of either safety or happiness, or had imagined
that the Continent Could exist, jf the separation
of England were not invariably considered as a
most deadly evil ! The neeoeiation which Aus
tria proposed, after the alarming declaration of
France had nearly destroyed all hopes ol Jbng
land, uniting her endeavors in the attempt to
procure a general peace, was an essential part
of the great approaching negociation, for a ge
neral and effective Congress for peace ; it was
intended as preparatory to this, to draw up the
preliminary articles of the future Treaty, to
pave the way, by a long continental Armistice
to a more extended and durable negociation.
Had . the principle opon which Austria advan
ced been other than, this, neither Russia nor
Fruasiabbund by the strongest ties to England,
would ever. have, listened to the proposals of
uie iiusinan oaninct. . - . . 1 ..
- After the Russian and Prussian Courts, ani
mated by a confidence InJiis Majesty, highly
ilattering to the Emperor, had already deelar-
! ed their coacurrenco in the proposed Congress
It wus therefore with real sorrow that his
Majesty soon perceived not, only that no serious
step w as taken by France to accelerate this great
work hut, on the contrary, it appeared as if a
procrastination of the. negociations, and eva
sion ot a lavorable issue bad been decidedly in
tended There was indeed a Freneh Minister
lit the place ditgresbut .'without, any or
ders to proceed to business, until the appeax
ance of the first Plenipotentiary. ;
Therriralf that-plenipotentiary was in
vain expected from day to day. Nor was it
until the 21st July that it was ascertained, that
a demur which took place bn settling the re
newal of the armistice between the French and
Russian and Prussian Commissioners, an ob
struction of very subordinate importance, ha
ving no influence whatever upon the Congress,
and which might have -been very easily and
speedily removed by the interference of Austria,
was made use of as the justification of this ex
traordinary delay. And w hen this last pretext
was removed, it was not until the 28th of July,
sixteen days after that appointed ibr the open
ing of the Congress, that the first French Pleni
potentiary arrived. s, !
.Even in the veryfirst days after this Minis
ter's arrival no dpubt remained as to the fate
of the Congt ess. The form in which the full
powers were to be delivered and the mutual
explanations should be conducted, a point,w hich
had been treated by all "parties, became the
object of a discussion, whieh' rendered all tho
endeavors of the mediating povi er abortive :
The apparent- insufficiency of the powers in
trusted to the French Necociator, occasioned a
silence of several days. lw was it until thVojJr