North Carolina Newspapers

t KALElUll, (N. C.) " sntMTtn. WRIKLTi BY A. LUCAS. rmof tubieription i Tnree dollar per year, one half to be paid in advance. ' No psper to be continued Ion- Lm4 tue. and notice thereof shall have been given. Aivtrtuemmu not exceeding ..lines," are inserted thrice tor one dollar ; wr iw?Qiyu w w seqjfeut insertion : and in like proportion where there is a greater number of lines. than fourteen. The cash mast accompany those from persons unknown to tje rS s ibsciiption can in any case be received Without pivmt'itt of ' least 50 m advance j and ntdif continuance without payment of arrears, unless at the "ep tion of the-cditort . . , ; . ' CONGRESSIONAL. IS THB HOC5E CI IttHItESENTATIVES. Smnrks of Mr. Williams, of North Caroli ra, n xtipport of his motion to repeal tht in- ternal-tnxzs TTfuv "we wpre eaUed poV Uifcdaj (o to the eommtssiouer w me rvvciiuc.- jeived only this sum when supervising the col lection of seven or eight millions internal reve nue. He now alio receives that sum for super vising the collection of only two or three mil lions. This feature in the system of internal taxe9 is perhaps-quite as odious as any other. Mr. Smith, no doubt, is a very faithful ami de serving ofilccrj he may be as well entitled to receive three thousand dollars, as any other man would be, under similar circumstances : hut. sir. no man who deserves only three thou sand dollars for supervising the collection of ntf shvdii or eiirht millions, can be entitled To of South Carolina and Georeia : or the sugar of either to practise economy or curtail any of ment if wn famished by one in whose mil it a- Louisiana, as the whiskev of anv other quarter the exftasire establishments which uow eisfMry knowledge 1 have, tho utmost confidence. of the country. The tax operates with peculiar It is iw opinion of some gentlemen, that, witbjlf 'gentlemen are .not equally disposed to eon- , . . . mm 1 a is -i . Li- 1 , m. - . a "a. mm Dreasnre on those Darts distantlv situated from market, while it is not felt in those near the seaboard . It is, therefore, giving tar the Utter; a great advantage over the former. Such advan tages, given by a law to one portion of tjie eora mnnity over any other portion,' ought to form a sufficient objection to the law itself to produce its repeal. ' V ''.'' As to the duty on carriages, on auctions and stamps, it affecte materially but few portions of I the state 1 have the honor n part to represent. Were it only for my individual benefit and ac commodation, I ; should not be very anxious to effect the repeal of those duties. But, sir., if .one or two of them be taken on, the revenue a risng from the others would scarcely justify a continuance of the system and as I have no wish to see the rest of the people of the United Stales loaded with taxes, while my constituents fare free from, them, I mfar this jieasooprejpar ed to rote ea ntire-epoaij ' -Jri taxes at this time, s( that It would probably make the representative branch of the govern ment more acceptable in the eyes of the nation than it now is. The best writers on the British constitution say, that the tendency of that gov ernment is to a concentration of all power in the Kins. Some gentlemen of great research and profound thoueht, in our country, have said that the tendency of this government, is to a concentration of all power in the Executive. It, indeed, requires but. a partal acquaintance with the history of the pr esent day, to be conviuced that the Executive branch ot the government threatens to swallow up all the rest. Uentle the ei;tsng military, establishment, it would'fide init, they nave only to produce other state be inber to dispense with the taxes. I wish v therefore by repealing the taxes; to be come necessary tn,tbB opinion or those gentle men to reduce the Army. This part of the subject if as important as any which can or will'flwe before Congress at this or any other sessioa.,' it involves a principle of polities whiefcpppeared at one time to be settled, but whiebnw appears to be again in1 doubt. 1 1 ia mv opinion that the arntv ousfht to be re duced, to six thoasand first, because standing armiesio) time of peace have ever been held dangeoaa to" the liberties of a' free people and, f Icondly, because of J he unnecessary ex penc to whieh we are 8pbjeetedby support ing ao army of ten thousand. Wliia1:, sir,. was the lanzuaee held by our fa- fliers,. 4 ; 0 achieved the independence of their WofttrA aud wh'o, as they koeW,.best how to ments, and the caudor and intelligence of the House will determine between us. The statement exhibited to the House had gond'very much into detail, and Mr. Williame said, he must apologize for having so long c eupied the attention vf the gentlemen. It ap peared to him necessary that a statement of the kind should show the different positions of the garrisons, and the various uses to which they must be applied. If this were done, those not inclined to a reduction of the army could more easily point out the triors contained in any -itatements made V the House, and he honei his consideration would justify him for having r consumed o much tim by minute details of , this parVf tb subject. Ji is obvious from this statement. that an army containing about six thousand two hundred Men wH be entirely ade tie must then, in the uate to eyery uufpoie. UcinifKiUfirtv.aho knew, best hnw to main-lseriousn- arid luVirnMe of the most hear fetlt in time of peace were dangerous to the liber- standing armies ia time of peace were danger lies ui a iro pcuic, any ouguiuii uc viiun-i u 10 iiurr.y, uu inai u . aci 01 DIS suouiu ed. So sacred was this principle, that it was' ever induce the government to form a habit dif. inserted in the oonstiiutions of most, if not alljfejrenf from that maxim by continuing in service of the states. In t-he constitution of North a greater number than is absolutely wanted. Carolina I kno" . there is a provision to this This, be said, is the point to whieh we should effeet. The sane I believe will be found in j always go , and beyond which we ought never the constitutioni of all the states but as then! to go because'the least extravagance in thia are gentlemen pjesent from the several states,! matter involves the most dangerous eoose- they will correct me it 1 should bo wrong, quence I .. 1 . . jm .a the same salary when he supervises the collec-1 men liave admitted, in ueoate, on this floor, tne tion of only two or three milliovs. The gamexistence of this fact, with much apparent re fact, Iimacinc, obtains throughout the whole gret, and have exhorted the House to adopt such system. You may reduce the amount of tax measures as would be likely to counteract Presi on the people, but you cannot make a eorres- dental influence. It is for this reason, theu, Dondent reduction of salary to the officers: all 'that I would repeal the acts imposing internal or tnem musi live. Same ef the taxes I know to be&oppressive un the people, and for that reason I should en-j di-avor to repeal them, l ne gentleman irom South Carolina (Mr. Calhoun) said the taxes wtrA not oi nreasive that we had received no petitions reiiuestiug a modification or repeal of be tbe consequence of such a measure upon the anv of them. Gentlemen urged the other day, character and reputation of this House ? It duties. Let me ask, if the President had re commended the repeal,, whether there would be such opposition to the measure as we4iad wit nessed ? No, sir. I feel justified in stating that if tbe President had advised it there would be scarcely a dissentinevoice. But what would would be resounded from one end of the conti uent to the other, by the frieuds of the 'Execu tive, that he deserved all the praise for eJlevia- in 'debate, that instructions from the people were not binding on the representative. If in-ti-Hi tiims would not be oblieatorv on centle- men, I should suppose the people would have r. ting the burdens of the people ; that his supe nnnr nrnsnect of success, when thev ore- rior foresight, penetration and love of country scntcd themselves to this House iuthe charac--tad pointed out that wise and beneficial mea ter of humble supplicants. But, sir, it is not ne- "e In this state of the case, the President cesaary that we should receive petitions before would have more of the praise, and gratitude we know that f irtiet'lar law, pragener- theatiwn, than he wasejlao rgceire ; ul system of laws, ooerates a grievance on the white congress Would BSregJ -rarfu- .nm,miniT, Whv 'has the constitution of tbe struments in the handsof tbeVnrt4tTvlivyian as Uoi'ed States declared that the repreTentativfs "the" immediate agents of-the peoples-laboring in Congress shall be inhabitants of tbe states exclusively lor ine gooa 01 loose wliow tney fir... uhifh ihpv enme ? and whv is it a law represented. As a member of this house, 1 eithnr statutory or comnon in the states, that would prefer voting for a repeal of the taxes each member shall have his residence in the before it was recommended by the President, district he represents ? It is for the purpose of U?er than afierwardsj because, it you carry a 'enabling each representative to have an inti- repeal without, or even against Executive re- mate knowledge of the iDterests, feelings aSJ1JnBnlationf T0Q tnen cone in fur a wiMb.es of his consiituents. Bv vUina- ilT fbare of that praise whieh would attach to the ... : r. ... . . - when he returns home, and by-talking witll"e?ldent alone, it he had recommended the thpm. he finds out the bearing fh nnv me, measure. Not as an individual, then, but as a wsure may nave on ineir weira yi is irom u,cui,,,;i " iticncKuunnuiaiicu uivurgu Iful representative must act, mueh orha!eSree,of favor which it merits, in the estima Our forefather!!. Mtv Sneaker, were not to be scared at shadows: they had braved the dire ful effects of British vengeance ; they had rode in triumph tbrpugl; the storms ot war j... they had couquered the independence of their coun try : and U 19 not to be supposed that they would be-so terrified at a mere phantom to guard against it by the solemn provisions .of 'the constitution ; i speak, therfore, in ths lan guage uf wisoam, because it is the language of the aaeesj and heroes ot the revolution, when 1'aavr.ihat standing; armies -in time of v . j ... peaee &re davgerous to the liberties ot a tree people, and ought not to be allowed: in co rrobo- ration of this Uiith, I can refer you to the histo ry of tell governments. Wbut enabled Ceesar to overthrow tie government of Rome, or Crom ..aII iU U.MI....1 ' l...f a e n .1 in a nrmv 3 Or what in more modern times, enabled B na parte ta desolate the fairest portion of Europe, but a diaudmg army and the diffusion-of an ardent, reatless. tnilitarv saint ? Sir if 1 had no other evidence of this truth than tbe mere dictum of tbe sages and heroes of tha revota liou, I shruld yield my assent to it but when it comes to lis iu the shape of a solemn constitu tional provision, and when that provision is strcDteueii and connrnieu by ulJi.i'i-.ivid'.ice which history affords, 1 6hou!d tliink " myself wore4han a.sceDtic.td withhold assent. It has, sir. been well remarked by a writer of gieat reputation, that man is very much a crea ture of habit ; that he often acts Irom habit more than reflection ; hence, the necessity of forming correct habit", by resorting at Hrst to the dictates of sound reason and dispassionate judgment. It is with governments as win: in dividuals ; tor governments are operated upon, are put into motion, by the principles of the men who admiuister them, If standing armies are dangerous to the health and well being of a government, we should as carefully avoid keep ing them in existence,' as we shc-ahJ avoid, in our private capacity, the forqiation of bad ha'-l- . i 1.1 . . ions. H eovernuieiii auuuiu cuuuuuc a 9 ouu- But gentlemen contend that it would be im proper to reduce tbe army in the present unset tled state of the world.- Sir, 1 consider their fears on this bead as perfectly visionary ; for we eannot, 1 think, entertain apprehensions of another war within any short time. On tbe Canada frontier, Great Britain is the weaker power iu relation to the Lnited States. She eannot act with sueh a want-of wisdoinwith so much precipitation, as tq commence war up on us in that quarter. The same remark ap plies to Spain on our South 'Western frontier ; in addition to which the state of her South A merican provinces will, be most ample security (For conclusion, see fourth page.) I knowledge thus acquired, that OfuB and faith Jvernment, and anxious to see it raised to that ' m .... 7i w V m from petitions, nuppose 1 were to receTve a petition from mydistrict, complaining of the exeise, would 1 be better able to act from the in formation thus furnished, than from personal conversation with rny neighbors and acquain tances, during the recess ? Sir. I think infor mation acquired in the latter way more entitled ipet" t"e taxes f Why not rather anticipate ithreatenine danger. To avoid then a habit ot to credit,' and I should certainly give it the pre- him in announcing relief to the people ? Oen-jf(jn(jnegg for a standing i tion of the people,- I shall vote for an immedi ate repeal of the system of internal tuxei. It seems 10 oe aumiueu uy some, mat me taxes ; :nH ..rmT. the alarm Ids tendencies, tUe iris.nt- cannot exist many years to come. Why not,1 fui eonsequencss of such an establish merit, will men uccumpiisu me wurs ai me present ses-;ftt length become familiar to sionf Why wait for the President to say, "re- ue iune(i IBt0 security amidst ..'.:".! ...A '.l.nll , aim u oiiaii even the nsosi icrcucr, weFe h iv eutue iu cooniei.WUU a peil- But I make these remarks merely to shew1 Ojthe gentleman from South Carolina, and others whu may iuuik wiuj 111m, mat 1 ao not eonsiaer it necessary to be burdened with petitions be fore i should feel it a duty to interpose for the . .1.1 m' . icuci uiiuose wuoni 1 represent in mis uouss. The excise I know to be oppressive, both as to the amount of duty imposed on stills, nd us to -the inconvenience to which the people are sub- 5. jestsd in obtaining a license. In tbe first place, Ibe tendency of the law is to -throw the whole business into the hands of capitalists. The owners of small establishments cannot compete - with'those who carry on great distilleries : a tax on the gallon would, therefore, be much more equitable than the one "which exists 00 the capacity. It likewise appears to be an ex traordinaTjrprovision in he laiw, that after a distiller has paid for a license', he shall not be at liberty to retail a less quantity of spirits than one gallon. Yon maj rightfully impose a duty 011 the manufacturing of commodities ; but it is extremely rigid to prohibit the citizen from re- , tailing his commodities wbeamanufactured, in whatever quantities he, may choose. By this law the owuers of smalt establishments are fre quently prevented Trom ratting the taonevwith which to pay the tax on stills. The owner of a cloth factory may.be called upon to pay a du ty on bis machinery ; but I imagine it would be thobght a strange provision in the law, if he were restrained from selling one, two or three .yards at a time. t:,'-.--.v:':. . . .The, law; as to its objeet, is unfair and op pressive upon many 'portions of our country. ; Distilled spirits are the staple commodity in : many parts of the United States ; and it does " appear to me.lhat Congress have just the ame v right to tax the tebaeeo I Virginia' the eoiton ig army, we should al- tlemen say that congress has ceased to be "as 'waj"B in time of peace bring it down to the luipunaiii uuu gracious 111 mo eye 01 ine peu pie, as it formerly was ; that many causes have conspired to depress its character, and to ren der it less an object of favor than heretofore. It is lamentable, indeed, if this be the fact ; but we ourselves are to blame. We have been too much in. the habit of waiting for Executive re commendation, before we would presume toa dopt any measure which was likely to render us accepiable to the natiou : while the odiumj of every improper or unpopular measure w as sure to be levelled against us. Let u, then, at the present eion, act ajpart which becomes us ; let us convince this nation and the world, that we, the representatives of the people, are independent of Executive will ; that we will pursue the interests of our constituents, even without fresidental recommendation. But, sir, if we adopt a contrary course j if we wait to be dictated to by the Executive ; if we sus pend our own , opinion till his be first proclaim ed, then we shall realize the condition of which we now only behold the prospect, and to which we see ouly the tendency, that is, tbe concen tration of all power ia the Executive, and the depression of the jgpfesentative branch of-our government. Miserable, Indeed, will be tbe fate of our country, if the representatives of the people should, by an improvident use, or im proper forbearance of the powers with which they are entrusted", bring upon themselves such annihilation.' :.The last, but not the least reason with me for repealing the taies, is, that it may become necessary to reduce the army. For my own parti think tbe tates may be "taken oft and the army permitted to lemain lat the presebt number of ten thousand. But I am coasciout that so long as we, continue to' raie, money and vote supplies, there .wiUbeno disposition im- hiiiiuih of what mav be - needful. In witr we mt- mutt necessarily have nien to combat, the ene my; but as soon as war is over, we should re collect the maxim transmitted to us by Our fore fathers ; -we should consider that in peace uu army is dangerous,, and immediately reduve it as' to was the situa.!ion and circnmsiauccs of the country will permit. I would not be uu derstood to intimate, in the most distant . man ner, that anyof our officers and soldiers at present would endanger tbe liberties of their country. No, sir, such is not my meauing,aud I beg the House not to believe .me as coiivcyiug the most distant idea of the kind. The preent army has, neither the numbers nor tbe disposi tion to engage in so unhallowed a work. All 1 contend for is this, that the government and people of the United States should not, in op position to the advice of our forefathers, ac quire a habit ot tondnetis for, and dependence upon a standing army ; that, tp avoid this ha bit, it should be a settled rule in time of peace to, reduce the army as low as the situation of the country will permit : thdt the question should not be " how many men can we retain in the service," but how many can we dispense with; that we should uot keep in service as many as possible, but as few as possible! Jfowj sir, I ask whether it is necessary to eoo tinue in service an army of ten thousand men ? In my judgement it is not,; we want just so many men as will garrison onr posts and for i ideations. I hold in , my hand a statement', from whieh it wilt appear, that a little upwards of six thousand meu wiil be amply sufficient for this purpose,' afif greatec number involving a risk of contracting that dangerous habit of fondness for a standing army, to. tvhieh 1 have alluded. The indulgence of the House wilt, Mr. Williams then read 'o the House the number, situation, and nam's of our forts aiidother public works; and the number and description of force necessary to be placed in each, as follows : . Fori Hawkins At this fort one company of infantry Its necessary to prevent the white people from intruding ed foi-the purposes of trade. . Towti of Savannah One company of Artillery, to keep the fort in repair ; the cannon and small arms u on dcr, and also to aid the revenue officers, if occasion shou d require. , . . Charleston At Charleston there are Fart Moultrie Fort Johnson, and C le Pinkney At these places two companies 01 ariilicy ill bis neotiSirj'j for fae fen purposes as at buvunnah. .- 1 ' ' Fort .loliiison, below Wilmington, in "Worth Carolina The WMki-at-thta place.arc very ... unimportant, and scarcely merit the attemion of a garriaon ; but, to swell the estimate, we will assign to that fort one company of artillery. ' Norfolk Fort Nelson and Fort Norfolk, are Ue omy works There may be a water battery on Craney island, eiecteu during the 'r, but it is not necessary to garri son it m urne of peace At these works two companies of artillery may be necessary Vj keep them in, repair ; to preserve- Uie cannon, small arms, anu munitions ot w.r, and'oecaSionaily to aid the revenue officers, as it Savan nah. ' Bttni6re-ForV McIIenry ; one company of artillery, for die ame purposes. Plnladelphia ilud or Sidivan'i Fort ; one company of artillery, for the same purposes. . New-Yor.k Here there is a lort called Castle Williams, ' iil two or tln- oih r torts, the names of which are no' rr collected, and which are not matefial:-. At these piaces three companies of artillL-ry would do the ordin ary garrison duties, but we will say four. Newport, Khode-Island Fort Trumbul it is believed, is, the name of the works At this place one company of artillery may be necessary, Boston The name of the works unknown j but, from the extent ot tile in, generally understood, two.compa nies o4-wUilevy will sufficient.. . OVt w-Lontloii, Connecticut One company of artillery. " PI atts'iurgh House's point near Plaitsburgh, is in the : neighborhood of Isle de Noix, in Lower Canad.. s and lest at some unguarded moment, the enemy might pos sibly make a dash upon it, we will assign to this place two companies of artillery and tio of infantry. . ' . .Suckett's Harbor One oompan'y of artitlerj;. Niagara One company of artillery. Detroit and its dependencies, Mackinaw, 'Greenbay, and Chicago Fort Detroit, three companies of infantry and one cofnp:my of artillery,? For Mackinaw three "companies i f mfaiui-y, and a suba tern's command of ar-tillery- ForGrcenbayj two companies of infantry, and a subaltern's command of artillery-For Chicago, two companies of 'infantry. It is necessary there should be a larger force at Detroit than the other placf ,-for the pur pose of escor' Ing supplies of provisions and munitions of war to Mackinaw, Greenbay and Chicago. S .; Louis and it's dependencies, fort Edwards, fort Armstrong, fort Crawford, fort Clarke, fort Osage; and a fort to be established oil the Arkans is. To these pla ces i iv be assigned ten .companies ot riflemen and one of artillery, to be disposed of as follows viz : Fori Ed wards, one company of riflemen Fort Armstrong, two compan'nsof riflemen, and a subaltern's command of ar t lleiy Fort 'Crawford, three companies of riflmen and a subaltern's command of artillery Fort Ciarke one company of riflemen Fort Os g one company pf ri fli inen. The for? to be es abltshed un the Arkansas, one company of riflemen The depot -at St Louis, one- company of riflemen, antl the residue or tne aruuery, to keep the stores in re dinessst and to escort supplies to the outposts, when necess-iry. trusty be extended to me wile I read the state- propose. Fort! Washington, on the Potomac, one company of ar- Nv.'niVana and .Ifoendencies, fort St. Philip fort St. Charles, fort St. John, fort Pih CquiUe Four companies of artillery wdt be entirely sufficient, to gar rison these places. ,n . " Mo.b-le Two Companies ot aniuery. a. Those little forts in the Cre'eK nation, vx ; Fort Jack - ' son, fort Decatur, fort-WiViams, fort Crawford, he Stc. are considered unworthy of notice, because the Indians are completily subdued j the country is fast settling, and these place? will be 'of. W use."" It may be necessary to establish a fort On the Apactw. : iccila. at or near the Spanish line, 'where one coiftlan.v of artillery will answer every object -the j?aveiiunentcli 1 i 4 j -4 X