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Vol. 19. PUIDAY, AUGUST 80, 1817. JVa. inr. RALEIGH, (N. 6.) " PRINTED. WKSKtf Bt A. tftais. ' -' . Cermt of tubicription t Three dol.ars per year, one half to be paid in advance. No paper to te continued ion - rer than three months after a year's ubacription, be comes due, and notice thereof shall bare been given. Jcherfitementt not exceeding' , 14 lines, are inserted tlyjcjJbr one dollar t for twenty-five cents eaoh sub sentient insertion ; and in like proportion where there is a greater number of lines than fourteen. The cash must accompany those from persons' oaknown to the editor, ijh -. ' 'A '" , '- rySo subscription can in any case be received without payment of ai least gl 50 in advance ; and no di continuance withoufpayinent of arrears, unless at the optian of the editor.- -- r ---- Translated for the. American Register, OF ENGLAND AND ENGLISHMEN. 'From th French of J. B. Sayi Jtithor of a Treatm on JfoLiUcaLJiiefmtiiift T1jtong interruption Of fine o no uiun (cations between JFranee and tireat Britain, has render' pil very valuable the few momenta elapsed since the peace.- We have been at liberty to seek. on the other Hide or the channel; an explana tioii of several phenomena, the results of which only were known to us ; ant to measure the le ver which more, than once hus raised Europe." The prodigious influence exerted by the Bri tish nation ou the continent is not to be traced to her military force, cr indeed to her navy. Nor U it to be attributed to British gold fur, ever since the year 1797, Great Britain has Lad no other tban paper mouey, which does not rst upon, any metallic .security; and per haps of alUhe nations ith the world, England, cousideriag every t iiog, owns the least quanti ty of the precious metals. The wehh and the eredit of this nation have worked the won ders which' we have witnessed, and as those powerful arm are the result of her whole pub lie economy, if Is the system of her economy which is her characteristic feature, and .which desrvas to. fix our attention. . lTnj.il tlu year la 14, France who hadlibe as cend incy on the continent, and Great Britain who had the same tseeudauey at sea, could not fairly be said to have come to a direct, close eon- test, and as neither their existence, nor indeed their power, was endangered by the numerous engagements wliich they bad with each other on utn elements, however much humanity may deplore the effect, those engagements ean bo considered in no other light than as skirmishes But their total result has been to deprive .hng tiverltr,eoa;d pcoae ens-ally, tho means twelve mil liens, three hundred and ninety-one eome rich, in order to plaeehem.eivea.: of defravine the immanae i.ot f wara. anRhatliniiar.,r...n.ia ,- i .i. -i. . piacrneniseives above those which have been waged for nTteen years! Oue is apt to conceive ' himself mistaken, in . iV'.w"J Hi jureauy mvaueu, uu mose; peases or one simrie year, whieb, according to lutcaicucu win iUTasiou, wiuioui uein paruai an appearan to England, were jet Compelled to look to her for subsidies. British akeots spread over eve-l ' ... - . - . ... ry accesiinie part or the continent, and ia the allied armies, in Portugal, in Spain, in Germa ny, forced to proeure either in kind, or in cash, all the succours which Great Britain had en gaged to furnish, offered their drafts on London, an operation which rendered bills of -exchange payable in England, abundant on the continent; and this lowered the exchange to sueh a degree, that a pound sterling, which at first was equal to twenty-four francs, could, for a while, be bought on the continent, at from sixteen to se venteen francs. , The iama. iLftproeiat 'obtained vith' res? pt to' the currency of jlainburgb, Vienna, an I Lisbon. ' : '' : .i ' ": - What wu the result t , Every speculator of whatever nation, could tfruw goods from UJngland, and procure at a pro laml for nearly twenty year, of her easy and- 0f British inJustrv, tfit r British themselves regnlar communication with the cnntinent,nd jerivej but little advantage from-it. The tax Frauce of almost all her maritime relatioss.' ,(inn, w-.n,ta(i rm thm, alfthe nrofi . - earanees, bat been exceeded by the ex penses of 4814, and till more by those of IS 15. But this statement is founded on official. com munications, ud attested by writers devoted to the British administration. Of this amount of annual expense, about sixty-nine millions sterling, were supplied by the taxes of the ye&r, The. rest was procured from loans and antfefpatioo about one milliard, seven . hundred millions of francs have been raised upon the revenues, or if you please, on the annual profits f the British ua tin, and one milliard eu its Capital aj savings, and Vhat too, independent of the taxes' w)(Wh th?, tion pay or jural eipensM, for pnttic tvsuip, ana ior tnc poor, wnien, at every tme ktiiws,amvunt to considerable hums So that, it is not perhaps far from truth, to declare, that the British erovernineht devours one half of the revenues which Spring fronf t he aggregate pro duce of the soil, of flie eanital. and of tha in. fit, the money with which he was" to pay. foridustry, of the British nation. i them. . If he bought in Birmingham goods, to , In the moral, as in the physical world, facts the amount of 'a poiind sterling, instead of giv- grovt out of each other, .-i "result becomes the iiig twenty-four francs French for the pound cause of another result, which in its turn will sterling, which he was to remit for the goods, , become aeaue. T!i enormity of the burdens ho had to pay at most, eighteen francs, so thatisuppDrted by the British nation, has rendered he could well agree to make no profit on tlielexoilitantly , expensive all the products of its goods nay more, he could even agree to lose 'soil, and of its industry. Each of the articles upon them, sinee by the .exchange alone, he consumed by the product iCe classes, each of gained twenty-five per cent, or One fourth of the their movements, if I may say so, being laxi-d, sum to be remitted. We ought not then to be the produce of their industrv has become dearer, surprised at the activity of the British manufac-j while they are not benefited by the increase of turers at -certaiu times, and at the mereaso on ervable in the population of both facturing, as well as commercial citie in these last in ajess remarkable deirree. Such are the cause of the progress nude during the war by the commerce and manufac tures of Great Britain ; But this is not all. t The population of the cities increasing with the profits of industry, the demand for all ar ticles of fond increased likewii:. V"ie U, the average priee of which in t79l, was 56 shil lings the quarter, (ahoutltd pound ofa ounces.) wa sold in 1813, as high as 136 shillings. This enormous price having considerably in creased the profits of the farmers, by a neces sary eohsequenee, the rentof the farms advau ced at the renewal of every lease, and both far mers and proprietors made considerable -cain'a. t whilst the war indilbed this forced exer- the reach of events, and to vie;witb those rich er tban themselves, in every kind of extravsw ganee. The greatest reproach in Franee, iit ' to be deficient in "courage. The severest re proacb in J5nglan, is, to be deficient in guineas. The opinion is, perhaps, iot -mo re reasonable oit one Side, than on .the other. This economic position has a most deplora ble effect on the progress of science ; and the, philosophical observer my fairly aj prebend, that the country of Baeon. Xpui tin. HI ll I.(l1cA itdiipmedjttietrbgradeapidlf towards tarbr ristn. It seems certain,. that pei ple there do 17 not reaid as much as they formerly did. Tbey have no time for it, and bocks are too dear... 'the rich, who may think only of srausetuent, have other enjoyments than those connected ' with seienlifie pursuits : and. ii fart, thtir J-p4euresiqH study of thcj cicmrra. . 1 1 ne Det otioKs.are sejdom read by, people of .f&shiont the reading truly useful, requires an applieatibn which is lrksome to" tlitio ; and if herehanf e. thev ha D Den to read a good work, it is as seed wbicb falls on an ex hausted soil. "The middle clais is th nnl n which i studies ns fully for society ; but before long, it will be impossible even for the middle class, to 'study in Great Britain. There are stilt, however, two sorts of publfl cations which are read, and w hich indeed are of first necessity, to wit, the Bible and the newspapers.' It remains to be ascertained what information is to W derived from either. I have !aid, that dearness does not leadne cessurily to profit. Often even the producer of an article gsins t-o much less, in proportion at this very article Sells h.Vfc Tli nrA prise. Inearh pnifession, the gains are not 8ens.i- ! price diniinishes the number of rnmum. their manu-ly grater, in consequence of th increased price cans it places the goods, beginning with those es, all!i U4h of thearticles produced because this increased I which may, , by any possibility, be dispensed price gues io iue uiscnarge oi me auuiuruai wiui, out ot the reach of certain fortunes. taxes to be piid byline producer, and thus adds - I hose who do not altogether give up the arti uuiniio ins pro ii I sj aim i ii is eiierm riuiiiire- t lie producers, in their capacity ment comne s llie producers of consumers, ti impose uvon themselves con tiiiuallprivations. An Kn'isliman who trades with a capital not his owti, if he is obiigei! to pay ait interest on that ijapital. cann a m.tintaiii his family. A JiindedestaV', r a capital in the steW, which every-vhere else would he'compi. ten' tn procure But lhe colonies separated from the mother.-coutt- TJ e laxes-weiahod at once noon tho Ubonr of j.m,:xrr MJt9yjaum Mgkma?iA& Mhhod.thaoi of the best imrliim deut, or become a prey to tho British and a)U,r n,.;r rn-,n. n.lihi, lnn. linrhRil in ease, vntlifMtt t.ilintir, are not enough in r-tig-laud to eiM'i: their owner to live. If he d.Jts not employ them directly himself, ;Jio jti5.t exirt s;ir.e particula." art, h.? "must he cohcerfled either as" principal or u;:;;IU:iu, m some fparaie iindertaking. la a'ttord, the E:iglishmah who has It not i:; Iiis power to exercise onie sort cf art (r iudus liy. l(o v.ha lios'ii fixed, a moderate r-vr nue, and Jwii! ii noi uouii'l to the sou, irave's into conn- irfth?rciviiig is liss expeustv' ; ril this is the -nrtive. which,-has drircu towards Fiance. Belgiuu,viii2crlrtiid. and lialy, I'msc swarms of English '.rav&lltMMi'in the uumijer of whom, there u.r; i ink'" J a f?W4o he i'mini, actuated by curiosiyaloue. To thisansi! is iik.-wise to b traced lie great distress of tiTaklass of woik men wh are I'ugaged iu manufactus. A la- irrpflfr in Ki! am t hsn ti borer in hiiirlaiHl. acconlinir to lue liumuer other parts of the world. Whether this pre-! anv ,,,iiep na,j0 i th fim nlaee.' the kd-iof ncrsms in his family, and - nolwithstaitd. ponderance have been confessed or not, whether miuistraliori, in'what relates to the purchase of iag the oust praise worthy exertions on his tuts commerce was carried on by smuggling orjectiirittpjilie tbree-fVmrthsr luwnsesr4adisgi8eeipenlyT8tiltxucn-tslhel0 b lhe i,icreast.( ,;Piee 0f ttu ttr. ttnd sometimes not more than one half, of wjiai r- ' !. i .i , i . , i ..... .. ... ,ir. ... 1. 1 l. ... r.u..s ... 'I'U.i,, . ... iiiciesioi which increased price, useir was tne; ucccimij m umaj u i-ijiciion, , (m- weeu lUC uoiistruucncc vi iui . tirpnl Itr tin hue tn nv ti.,1 n v nionopolyr The commercial profits of Great ;for her own guppiiegt but for those of her al lies : not only the Stipend of lier ow.i - . ne commerce oeyooa seas nas lauen into insir pwt the SAving4 0f those bold adventurers, of hands. And, if we except a small number of .hoge knowjo speculators, who were on the straggling vessels, most of whieb even sould wateu t0 make the most of cireumstancea. ' not escape them, it was m their ships, or at I Thf rd9iiit wi,h wuich he ,,ovl!rnulet co;ilr least by their permission, that the merchandise obtain loans that is to 9aji gpeil,, any 8II10 pro. of Asia and America was brought to our auar. vded it collid pav the inlere!jt on tht! tiMn ,ed nl Nia fslnka anil (hat tho tf-irl una n t Ihn , . .,'.. " u ' , . "v f . ' ""Tito the most enormous prodigality. . lhe expun- .uauiUHauu luuustrj luunu ii j l"l"ciiei of the war were ereater to Ep'eland fact. Vhat have Britain have increased in a wonderful degree. More than twenty thousand vessels of. all na tions, have entered every year the ports of Great Britain. The wealthiest merchants of Holland, Bremen, Loheek and Hamburgh, terrified at the approach of a conqueror, who advanced uot only with cannon hut systems,Aook refuge in England, and carried with them their capitals. . Commercial enterprises multiplied ; & greater nuoiber of ageuts of every description, from the supercargo to the porter, fouud employment; and as families', augment in proportion fo the mean afforded to procure a livelihood, the no- 4 pulation of the maritime cities of Great Britain 4 lucreasen in a very remaritaoie uegree. jnnuon . is no longer a city: it is a province covered with nouses. Glasgow, which in the year 1791, eon Jained a population of only 66,000 inhabitants, If uas oow 110,000: Liverpool, which in 1801, reckoned 77,000 inhabitants, contains now H,000: Bristol in the same space of time has dvaneed from 63 to 76,000 soul. , - The establishment of docks and warehouses nee from custom house duties, in all these ports, lacihittted the distribution throughout Europe, of the goods which arrived there from every eoraer of the world, and the exportation of the produce of the interior was encouraged by the drawbacks. But another, cause which had ne ?r been thought of, favoured this immense commerce still more. After Bonaparte had succeeded at last, by Srtdual encroachments, in usurping all power " France, hi restless activity, the gigantic project of universal domination, made every People of Europe, one after another, an enemy tO FranCB ' RunnKISoun Rranna hail nn inilllilt N kings. Under Bouaparte, nations became uer uversries. ' Those who appeared to be "eallies of Bonaparte, were-bis secret ene "nies. The abominable system byl which im enie armies are made to subsist at tbeexpense V. country whieb they oeeupy,;; whether ji.'neud or foe, had by degrees heightened this , j nnw rasv. . out uurope exnauaieu oj too nA k-.:--v.-.v-u':j.i.--. .1.1' r pd obstinate warsepmpe red td resist, to oppose a- wl Under But oppose a-whole population arms, to an invading population, eotjld ' support the xpenses ot sqdifficoli a de-!WwWothbe;buMbemoatrprodi but those of many others. " The miliary and naval forces of Great Britain are scattered all over the globe. ' . - Supplies to be sent, magazines to b formed in Asia or America, cost twice as much as (lie same would cost in Europe. Every soldier scut there, costs as much as two soldiers near lijme; and this is a great advantage secured for ever to the United States, in their quarrels with G Britain. I speak not here of the abuses in expense; they are carried to a most-icandalous height; nor of ancient abuses, which have crept in by degrees ; nor of late ones, whieh hive been inl trdduced on purpose i nor or of those which are pointed out, and inveighed against,, by the' op position party, because none but the friends of the ministry profit bv them ; nor of those upon which all parties are silent, because they are countenanced by the national vanity. 1 apeak of the whole together, the result of which is, that, although taxes have quadrupled since the year 1793, the expenses of each,.year have pro gressively exceeded the amount of the revenue; tnai ii Dccame necessary m proviue ior mis progressive deficit by loans more considerable from year to year, and which have ultimately carried the priucipal of the debt of Great Bri tain, to the enormous sum of seven hundred and seventy-seven millions, four hundred and sixty thousand pounds sterling; the annual interest of which, added to the current expenses, ren dered, in the year 1813, the total amount of the poblie expenses of the central government no less than the incredible sum of one hundredand risli, that is, th- produce of lctax laid ITr I te maintenatee of thg poor, .must supply ire defi ciency. One thirdit is said, of the pupu'atioh oi ilreat Britaiu, is thils obiig d tu resort to nubitc chiritv. Few 'beggars are to be met cie. are more sparing in its use: lience it js in less demand than it was before. Theeoropetii lion of the consumers diminishes, although that of the producers remains the same. ii is inns that the latter, in proportion as thej. deprive themselves of the articles which tbey were accustomed to use, fetd more imperiously the necessity of seilin&evfn at a verymoder ale profit, lhe ai'ticles whieb they produce. No nhere are exei ti.,,)8 f3 attract the attention of purchasers, carried farther, than in England., Hence the studied nicety in the setting off of heir shops. to the best advantage; the ridicu lous ornaments by which attention, is challeng ed. Hence lhe multiplied tidvej-tiaemenfs, thd ,good offered below the usual pricej the tone of quackery which Strikes foreigner;. The di etors vf th- first tbrt- to llnvwr- Wot themselves, ii. the most pompous style, of the opplau.se which their performers hu;e received from au'enraptured audience; an audience by the by, iu in great degree, Collected by tie m "elves. . Iu order to inform the public of some new enletprise, or indeed of a simple change of liiinicile, it is not deemed sufficient to fix a no rice at the corner ofa wall, but you are met eve ry st. p in he streejts of.London, by ambulatory advert iseirieuls, displayed like so manny ban ners, in the midst of the busy crowd, and which you can read as you walk ajoflg, withouMosng mrite""'' " This necessity to sell, creates a sort of strug gle between the producers. The question is, who shall sell chenpestBut. as the article it unavoidably expensive, oacCoiintof the taxe with which it is saddled the grower must save on the quality. Thus is it to be seen in Ene- as every where else, that goods are so land. with, because the assistance which they receiveilmuch less perfect of their kind, as they ar is delivered to them in their houses; and this dearer; some qualities Mhich formerly were assistance' Nt heiug of itself suttiaient'io sup-! excelW nt, have become good fifr nothing The port them, they, are still compelled to work woikn stocking manufactory of the British An holiest1 English tiaveller. who journeyed-their work in leather, Cutlery, &c. thereputa lately .-froi-one- end of Erance to tie - other ,-j.tion of whirh extended all over Europe, are nd manifestedi-'at pvery step, his astonishment that ";!longer .wortb w hat they wereiT-.The silks man peopio thele could tarn a livelihood by iheir la- ufactured by them, arc but a cobweb, and under hour. This astonishmeut indicates cleurly,1 the name of wine, the nation which is said to what takesnlucc in Great Britain. i be the richest in the. -world, is condemned to There ari. no doubt, likewise, to be met with in Lncland. weatihv propnetocs, rich ca. ua- listt drink the most dangerous poison. To (lie same cause are tfkbe traced the nu rnerotis ctimcs whirh are committed in Great liiitjiin. There were fifteen thousand per- sotis ronvicrwl in 1813. The whole of Eu- a r i . . . . : 8, who nave no business iu pursue uni vueir pleasures. (Their revenues arc so lauueijse, that they exfceed ail their wants', and s t at de-: i! n i. ' r.. .I...:. I. .. - :Q i ! iiauce an uiarueas. uui men uumun p n' , , . .. .. , e ways ineonsiserable, e. ty of the nati.n. The 'British nation ii. gener-l,'8' "!, th,s nu,nt,er increases, pmgressive.. al, except these spoiled children of Eortune, ita 'y f,om ar to year as do the taxes, the pub wedded to perpetual labour. It can t ijoy nopM! What is to be the end of this rtsi.' Ther t?e in Englandj no idlers by pro- J a pp;dlin,ic progression ? I put the question. Mian error to isuppoae that the depreciation of ex change on London," originated in want of confidence in bank notes, the ortiy' currency with which a bill of ex change on England can be Pa'4 i Twjentv-threei francs are now given for one pound sterling," which formerly sold for hot more than sixteen francs. S till we all know, in 186, that the bank of England ia now no more able to redeem its notes in specie than (it was in 1813 'v;;. '1 .' During the wr, one mmdred guineas ti gold payable iii London, might have been bought with ninety-three guineas in mild oil the continent. 1 There was np wunt of confidence connected with this transaction. ; The'caus' was the abadance ' of depreciated Engl isn currency, that is. of the kind of currency payable, in London; ana not the waatef confidence in the notes, ; j fession. Every man, who is not net! vely en gaged in some pursuit, every man',, who, if I ma v -use lhe exnression, looks around hun, is T his dreadful state ol things lias been as- cfibrd to the want f religihD.f There in m untiy where there ismore religion than m 4." iihard rooms nitea up witJi- , iSm .of i lu istianity, lias made there a pio ling till iight and the pub-! gpesg wj)jch f ver bo(y j, noted ft fa p,.jn. ledepryothei day -but tfuu- ,y j,, Catholic countries that incredu they are lrequeutedhy everyjlity ine(, ' nd; lt is time to put an remarked at once. There are not in l uirlaud,: Kntrlaml. Methodism, which is the fanati- coffee houses, or billiard rooms failed up witii-,.iSm f ( lu istianity, lias made there a pio loungers irum mornmi lie walks are deserted T r. ' 7 , v ity bas Ka,ne( ground, it is time to put rj" :i p 1 nt justified y ex. .. ... r- siness. Sueh of the British as. allow them selves. the least relaxation in their labours are soon ; overtaken by complete ruin'; aud 1 was assMWin-Loudoifrtliat'M lies who had but little beforehand, bad fallen into the greasiest embarrassments during the stay of the allied so vereigns in London, because these princes strofcgly excitedjcuriosity, and in order to seetbem the people bad intermitted their usual occupations, for several days insucr cession. . . Those even who, boing in tolerably good cir cumstances, still continue to labour, ajthougn they might dowithout it i labour in order to be- . 4 milliard of ftancs is about 600 millions ofdoljars. penrncr, ana candidly to coruessthat the eco nomic situation of a nation, or, if you please,, W'fli1s Considerable in Comparison, with the totariS TifPatiTTeg"triem, are the principal cause of this multiplicity of crimes w hich are a source of afflictionof phtlosophy not less ' than for religion. :, ;;'' V'. "- ' ' 5 Wlien;we see a nation so active, So noble, so ingenioust comiclled, In consequence of bad i economic system to labour so intensely, arid to suffer, notwitlistanding so inany privations J w hen we see a country "abounding in. talents, in vrrtttds, yet disgraced by so many "crimes, 9xeareapt4o-4i&k urselves-witjijbitteniess : ofwhaf use then i cT?lTan4 religious. Ubextyii ..i.t'J.-rJU'--
The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Aug. 29, 1817, edition 1
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