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1 - j, . . - -- - - - .. - i j FU1DAY, JANUARY 22; 1819. -'Vol 1. rlNTEy' hy A. LUOAS. 7aidi. "cr- ''J.' J.rN. subscription be- - hemJ "Vrfi. have been R.V Hue. and notice mcn-m nserted con"'- . vr-(Illie it n" . &m? ' ;hr'.. for twenty five cent, eacn nd- ,(Jr w.- - . . nrnnnrtin wnere .inWrntitrn In 1 . t,..,,n ntn mx u iwnvwu v ---- accompany uws...-r editor. " . casc. be received uithou vme.t ofMlcast SI 50mvi there ' audnt inserti.ni : a"" - v inr'tew. TI.e cash - V -4-.. min'.tir )1 I"-' . . .... v.vmentof arrears, POlFiICA-L, In tlif month of August, 1814, while a war exnted between the United States and Great Britain, to which Spain had formally dei Ured heraeif neutral a British force, not in the fresh pursuit of a defeated and flying enemy not overstepping an imaginary and equivo cal boundary between their own territories and those belonging in some sort as muck to their enemy as to Spam, but approaching by sea, and by a broad and open invasion of the Spanish province, at a thousand miles, or an ocean's distance from any British territory, landed in Florida took possession of Pcnsa cola and the' Fort of Barrancas, and invited, by public proclamations, all the runaway Ne groes all the savage Indians all the pirates, and nil the traitors to their country whom they knew or imagined to exist within reacli of their summons, to juin their standard, and wage an exterminating war against 4 he par- -ELATIONS WITH SPAIN. v Z tmmtmitted h Congress. The mirtary if state4iLUJJn-i tbn of e CHed States immediately bordcrt Hu ininistrr ' plcnipotrntiary ci mo urmiu. ' neutral, and thus violated, terrt- cretary of state, reporting what passed at tLoso interviews, are enclosed.) Lord Ba- thui st, in tire nmt unequivocal manner, con firmed the facts, and disavowed the miscon duct of Nicholls ; declared his disapprobation of the pretended treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, which he had made j assured the American minister that the British gov ernment had refused tp ratify that treaty, and would send back the' Indians whom Nicholls had brought with him with advice to rr.akc their peace on such terms as they could obtain. Lord Castlcreaglr confirmed the assurance that ihc treaty would not be ratified; and if. at the same time that tb?se assurances were given certain distinctions of public not iriety were shewn to the prophet Hillis Hadjo, and he was actually honored with a commission, as a British officer, it is to be presumed that these favors were -Wanted him as rewards' of rr, vi past services, and not .as encouragement to ing.upwi this neutral, and thus violated, terrl-' eipert any support from GrearBritaip, in a tory of Spain. The land commander of this continuance ol Savage hostilities against the British force, was a certain Col. Nicholls, who, United States all intention of giving any TOnie ,vn r. States to Spain, at iu. 7 v v Upirtmentot state, I .....1.: ...r, on h Nnvembtr. 18'.8. c Your deiiwtciies, to No. 92, inclusive, driven from Pensacola by the approach of G- such support having been repeatedly aud ear OlB- . . .1 ll.lO I T..-.I ' 11.. ... k M....... .... ' nnotlll fl..i,-ft,.fwl . tun iaj . ' their enclosures, have been received at this neral Jackson, actually left, to be blown up, ncstiy disav 'ilnnf.nerif ' Anvn these enclosures, are the Spanish Fort of Barrancas, when he found The Negr thtf.still bleeding cealps of our ifllena, freibly butfJiered by ihem ; lher? UM)rhat be relea ed hB only, woman, who hadeen suffered to sarvive ihe mugsuere of llhrparljr under Lieu, lenan' Scett. But, it vi$ not anticipated by ibis government that tlie Commanding oftieert of Spain, in Florida, wboie espeeial duty it whs, in conformity to the lojemn fngagemtuH contracted by their nation, to restrain, by force, those Indian from boslilities against the U nited States would be found eneouraging,' aid ing ami abettiugtbem, and furn thing them with, supplies, fcrarryreg on such hostilities. The ofheer in command, immeQiaielj before General Jafcson, was, therefore, specially in structed tirltfrffct, as far as possible, the 8pa ni h authority; Moreover jt wa raainlained, and copied of I hos orders were also furnished to Uenural Jackson, upon his taking the com mand. In the course of his purouit, as he ap proached St. Marks, he was informed direet from the Governor of Pensaeoia, "that a party of die hostile Indians had threatened to geii that Fort, and that be apprehended the Span ish Garrison there was not in strength sufficient to ?etnd it against thtui. i hit information wax confirmed from other" sources, and bv the i evidei.ee produced upon the trial of Arobris- i. i . ro fort, however, abandoned by Col. ter, it proved lb have been exactly true. By il several notes aduressiu to vou uy Jir. n roulu nor aiiom mm pniiecuon, aim evueu- mv-uun., .Cin...v.. j, .... iaW v ""mj uu ui wr, . a weu li'r,... in relation to tlie transactions during ating that art of the province, landed Jit an occupied by the banditti to whom he had left it, as of prudent and r humanity, he was war- fircaml)nfgen.Jacksonagai..stthe Sc- flnother, established himstlt' on the Appala- held bj tnem a a post fro.., whence to ranted innticipating his enemy, by the amt- mTnoIo Indians and the banditti of negroes d.icola river, and there erected a Fort, from ' depredat.sns, ontrages and murders, cable, and .ha be,n? refused, by the forcible minoio inuiaus diu me uo . ,. . ! f . . . . . ., ne and as a receptacle lor fugitive slaves and occupation bf the Fort. There w I need na combined with them, and parttcuhrly to hw which to sally forth w.th his motley tribe - of malerilclor(, J()F,le great auoynce both of citation, from printed treatise on inter-naVn- : n.tQ wit hi nit the bounda- Idur.k. wh to. and red combatants, airainst the . ,T . . o ? , . i ., 1 ... : . ... M"o nrouewunsa , - r . . " . . -z . ine unneu Biaies.anu 01 ouauiso r ioriua. in ai iaw. 10 proYc ine correeinesa or thia nrin.i. ilafonoloaa tmrrl'-M nl tliM I nitpil Stllfl'S. In I'irfl hi lite Ulllltu oiniva. uuviauui.1 vf.u. .. . ... n MM W. . .... . .... n In the fourth and last of those ot Mr. n. that vicinity. A p irt ot tnis iorce jiaus. in April, 1816, General JHcksoo wrote a letter to pie. It is engraved in adamant on the com-, consisted e fjnvernor of Pensacola. callins ilDan him mon sense of mankind : nn wriivr nnn it zarro, he has given formal notice that the king, of a corps of colonial marines, levied in-the- to put dtwn this cvmmon nuisance to the peaces laws of nations ever pretended c contradictit; his master, has issued orders for the stispen- British colonies, in which George Woodbine ble inhabitants of both countries. That letter, none of any reputation or authority ever omitted .jn-ftf--jtfgntlatinn ' between the United was a Captain, and Robert Chrystie Ann- together with the answer of the Governor of to atert it. . etiit--nt-tne nceauauuu . . . States and Spain, until satisfaction shall have hnster was a Lieutenant. been made by the American government to constructed by NteholU, y ; and it was also found that bv the ctftnmun- tilitics of Col. Nicholls terminated with the in violation both of the territory and neutrality Ulunt liimtelf, councils of war had been permit war. But hedid not consider the peace which of Spain, was tti!l no less obnoxious to his go- tel to be held within it, by the savaze ttiiefa onciKxt IipIvcpaii tlif TTnifpft ?fatti ami Great vernmeiit than to the United Slates : but, that and warriors: and the Suanish (n-ft-h.nif Imil com uaineu oi -ins inuiciion upon huh . i1Jlv;n Illlt nn rni either to his he had neither sumcient force, nor aoy autfton.ty, been apprnpriated to their use : that ilwas an c -punishment tor his supposed mis- ... nccmvUions or to his negotiations without order frum the Governor General i(f open market fop cuttlr. known to hve been !.!.. ... 1 !. -.1.' w,ii' fr. n tf.l J M ' . i I I . I . - 4 . P. .1 I I II. . I . i . . . . fc me Havana, iwuesiroy u. - 11 was auerwarur roooeu ov-em-inun cuzena of 4ne United Pensacola, Imve already been eommnnicated tn At F .rt St. Marks, Alexander Arbothnot. the Ihs fimnii'i MiHiclpr horK. nmtliv liiin . itnntil . Rrilisli lnrtm ti-uilo. 4Vn. J .1... ..... . I Am lw.4i..nAvt i I f llmfiul Klutaa anil I.VA4I . . i . . . ? . v him for these "nrnrcedinpt "f gen. Jackson, Ul-1""" ' "r" -ir . .it ,e88' ,0 h,s government, tlnpies or tliem are. tireDrai.d, by whose torch thisTVgro-Indian W- f ,ou,d b0 w,,I,,,S ruryth.snevert,iele)U0wasttiaericl09ed. bor,lergi ,)ft( bJtfwkilld,e,, WHICH lit W "Sim n ai i mii j transaction in tiie.8aineerave f obllVIOn With I. n iIip IpKop from thft t..ivMinr. emlicil v:w f.nim an inmti nftl.a . r..: MU -.,,,nl l.im ao aun-.poliillJ linnn HIS .. ..." ..... . -., j nd-o iuuii- iiii7 ,,..... ., . . - other transactions of that war, had tlie hos- admits that this fort constr Honor anu mgnuy ; me. oniy w Lrjuauic mvuv rntiUt f'ir which, is stated to consist in a disa vowal of the acts of. the American general. thus a suitabl 1 A conuuci, anu mc Tcsuio.i.nnu mu . . t.lnA-a ,i, it.,u,i ci-i- territories taken by him from the Spanish an- c. . 'ff , ..ai;r.nn. .,r K"on be 27th July, .1816. destroyed by a eannon Slates, and which had beo eoniracted for and thorities, with indemnities for all the property ' -m" 'f, j, ,"; ' " , Z shot from a gun vessel from the UuUed Mate., purchased by . be officers of the garrison That taken, and all damages and injuries, public or lrea;y , u"e"l l,e . 1 UIS msi a,1u 11,8 which, in its passage up the river, was fired uR: information had been afforded from thi- Fort by private, sustained in consequence of it. party-colored lorres, m military array. 0 froro it It was blown up, with an English Ariothnot, to the eueniy, oftbe strength and Within a few days aftei this notification , By the 9th artirlc of that treaty, tlie United Hag still tiring as its ataaaaru, anu immeui- mnremeuu oi tne American army i that the date "THr. Piaiarro must have rccieved, w Mi copies Slates had 6tit of our corespondence between Mr. Onis and att ly after its.r this oVparfmrnt, the determination which bad all the tribes been taken bv the president, to restore the thev misrht he ... . ,n . . ".. " , 7. . . ine.isianu ei ew-rruviuence. a Driusii suu- i ue eonuoci oi me uiivernor ot 1'cnsaenla pace oi rensacoia wim me ion oi uarancas, licatioit, ami to restore to mem an tlie khhi. .0IM!1,re(i. Indian Trader in ' was not less marked bv di.,.niiittn ,f ..,;,. t any person properly authorised, ont.iepart sions which they had enjoyed in the year 18U i(ih Fioridi and as ihe nuceesorof Co-' to the United States, ud by an utter dUregara ef Spain, to receive them, and the fort ;f St. This article had no application to the Creek onej i tchoUa, rt the employment of instigating to the obligations of the treaty, by which he was Marks to any Spanish force adequate to its nation, with whom the 'United States had al- (ne SftAidote-aiid out It wed lied Stiek Indians bound to restrain, by force, the Indians f.o.n hos- pt'otecuon againsi me muians, uy wnom its ready made peace, oy a treaty conciuqeu on to htrstilitn's against the Unite. i Mattji. by re- tiiities against them ; when called upon to via forcible occupation had bi'cn threatened, for the 9th day of August, 18 , more than four viving the pretence th t they were entitled io dicate the territorial rights and auttiori?y of lulateil to put an end immodi- ateiy auer me utuuamus murucr ui imai .a ui i c ui jim line ii, cApie-me nau oeen ijo en uy atification, tp hostilities with "e '03,n8 1 n" -i'.. Vi v.u.u..9.ary, anu ammunnoo, mu- 7 ' ' . .. Ui.i.. k.. II, , l.i...lilti lull in it i. IV ..lid mliiina .1 ivr Ann ll n.o.cru ...,.1;, . 4',.. or nations of Indians with whom ai"l" uiJ"1 7 " ti ' .. Z , "r" 3 " 3 at war at the time of the rati- .. . . .; ,, . (1 ,.. .. . .i . , ... . . . . parpnses of hostility against the United States, mont hs before the treaty of Ghent was signed, all the land which nad been ceded) iy the Lreek Spain, by the destructioa of the JVegto Fort, lYet, Col. Nicholls not only affected to coini- Nation to the uaitei .-taies, in August. ii4.;wuicn nis pieueeessur nau declared to be no directed to consider 250 men as sucltadequatc Ft it as applying to the Seminoles i J lie vEicpj commanding at that post, has been force : and, in t'jse'of their appearance, with and the outlawed Red Sticks, whom proper authority, toIiA'r '-it oyer to their duced to join liiin there, but actually persu commander accordingly. L Ffom tlie last mentioned oorresporulcncc the Spanish government,, must likewise have ofFloiixla, As a mere Indian trader, the iutrusioa of this less annoying and pernicious to the Spanish -I be had in- man, into a Sp vuis'i Provi-iee, was cuntraryJsubjectn in Florida, than to the United btates, ly persuad- ij tne P0''1' oliserved--by all the European 'but had pleaded his'tnability to subdue it; He, p rowers minis n niiim.iere. unn uv uuuo mure iiiinseii. nan exnreKseti ms anoreneiisions mat eu lira tnai iney were en m cu, uy v,r ue o, by . of exciuMi)15 a, f0.iFort St. Marks' would be forcibly taken by the' , the treaty of Ghent, to all the lands which"? . nM ,he m.!ian. ..w,.. rPftm sin;aK .? .h. had belonged to the Creek nation, within the wU)(;1( lhpir lerrit),rieg. , miIJt be known to same lime, he had refused the passage up the been satisncd that' the occupation oi these united States, in the year 1811, and that the. thfl Spanish 'Government,' whether Arbulbnot Kncambin river, unless upon the paymei.t of ex places in Spanish Florida, by the commander government of Great Britain would support haj a Spanish license for trading witU the In- cessive duties, to provisions desnned as supplies of 'the 'American forces, was not by virtue of; them ill that pretension. He asserted , also diA,a in Spanish Florida or not ; but they also fori he American army, which, by the detention any order i ecei ved by him from this govern- this , doctrino in a correspondence with Col. know that Spain was bound by treaty, to re- of them, wai "tubj ctud to the most distrensing ' mcmV to that effect, nor with any view of Hawkins, then the agent of the United States strain by force all' hostiliiies on the pait of privations. He had permitted free ingress and from the possessiorTof with the Creeks, and gave him notice, in their-those Indians, against the citizens oi the Unit- egress at Peimaeola, to the avowed-savage ene lirit of hostility to the name, with a mockerv of solemnity, that they ea states, anu u is lor mem io eipiam now, mies oune unneu oiaies. ouppnes oi amrnu- that it arose from inci- bad concluded a treaty or alliance, oBenwve ceniiy , wn i . ."5-yi . o':ru ,,,uVr u - in the prosecutiot. ohlie and defcrisiveT aiidT . ... . . . . ... n . t j .. c ,i.:i. . ., nary POIICV, eruui iucu nccuw iv a iuicisu frptivni nun sii'ihicii mure, uhiu iuiau.i rom the imminent comrncrte with Great Biita,,,, of whc , niora J J r whose principal, if not his only ob-of the American fore,., and suffered again ta f St. Marks was was to be heard after it should be ratified in . , ,. ' . ,v , ,..... ... .., A ,,.?.; uifucuis iu imTvT uvrriia iu biiiuuiuic iuv7 bhiii uikuic iu inn uwiiii iiic .iiiicijuuu icur wresting ibe province apaitf ; nor in any sr opani8h 'government; dents which occurred ar against the: Indians f danger in which the fort o et ueing seized by the IndianSJhcruselvcs, England. Col. JNicholls then evacuated ins j,;, wliiehSpaia bad expressly utipulaied toi.y and emmitnew murders. Finally, on the and frpm the manifestations ofliostility to the fort, which, (in some of the enclosed papers,y"fore0-t-4 m(rain4 j hi iuTei-iml instiga- approach of General Jackson to IViisacoia, the United States, by the commandant of St.- is called the Fort at Prospect Bluff, but which tionsUie was but too successful,! No 'eooner Governor sent him a Inter, denouncing his en Marks and the. government of Pensacola, the he had denominated the British post on the jid he make his appearance omoug tTie IndiaBt, try upon the terriiory of -Florida, as a violent proofa of which were made known to gen. Appalachicola ; took with him the white pur- accompanied by t be Prophet Hillis lladji,. on'truge upon the rihl of Spain, commanding Jackson, and impelled him, from the necessi- tion of his force, and embarked f ir England, returud from his expedition to England, than "him to depart and w ithdraw l'i;uin the same, and ties of self-defence, to;th'e steps of which the with several of the wretched savages whom IflM he peaceful inhabitants on the )iurdet of the threatening, in base of noncompliance, to em- bpantsti government complains. was thus deluding to their fate ameiig whom Lulled StaJjii, ere,.vnm'.I with alt ttie Lor- ploy force to expel Inm. It might be suflictent to leave the yindica-' was tlie prophet Francis, or -Hillis Ildj"-a'nd , tor ol Mvg war.x the rotibory ui-fMu-ir pro-j j, Uecame, therefore, in the opinion of Ge- I ion of tliese measures v pun those grounds, left rite fort, amply supplied with military jperty,and the lurwawus an I indiscriminate U1.ra Jickson,indispeniibly necesfkry to take and to furnish, in the encl.nsnd copies of gene- stores and ammunition,' to the Negro dpart-jaurJr of wc.n in, mfniey and age. I frnni the Governor of l'ensacola the means of .t ral Jackson's Icttc ra. mut tlw, i.i.ii.i,ni'u i. muni i.f liiu atlii-a Tf afiprivai'fta wan It imw n .After the reneiilea exiiostulat ions, warnings 'earrvinc I is threat iivto execution. B-orc the eiifniiM "WbiclLthev am Btinmirto.! ti. o..i.t.. ..r i. .. i. i. ..r Vn.. l?n.i P.,1 lliLinii!and offer &f neae'e. throoli be. summer tt'inl ' forces under his command, the savag j "I'l'"' "i, tliv CTIII.CIII.C 111 Itldl U! VIIC IlOillU VJ 1111.1 ivn. V.I. . J. . - ,r I n..' . 1,1 I n T - 4 I I. .:i . . . . ici il.o niri ..I 1 1... 1 1 minrl nf In onnntrv Imil l ih unrarf ii. nut Tip kiii'tif ?uc opinion uie part oi the Spanish com- immediately communicated to tins government; - Z";" sh, ,l ha .1 - manders, but, for the terms in which Mr. Pi- the correspondence between Mm and Nicholls, -zarro speaks ot the execution of two British here referred to, upon which Mr. Monroe, subjects, taken, one at the fort of St. Marks, then, secretary of state, addressed a Wtcr, to and the other at Suwany and the intioiation Mr. Baker, the British charge d'affaires, at that these transactions may lead to a change j Washington, complaining of Nicholl's con n the relations between the two nations, which 'duct, and shewing that his . pretence that the w doubiless intended to be understood as a 9th article of the treaty of Ghent, could have measure o( war. any application to his Indians, was utterly des Jt may be, therefore' proper to remind the titute of foundation. Copter of the same cor . govprnnicnt of his catholic majesty of the in- r-sptndencc were transmitted to the minister V.W.UU, mwnicn tins beannoie war or crinated. of the United States, then in llincland. with instructions to; remonstrate with the uritisii government against these proceedings of Ni cholls, and to shew Imw incompatible they were with the peace which had been conclul ed between the two nations, t hese r;tn mi- tp:mrcs were accnrdintrlv made, first in per- " . . O . . . . 1 .- : sonal interview with liarl Bathnrst andjtirdr Castlcreagh, and afterwards in -written notes' addressed successively to them.' (copies ii. which, together with extracts froth, the des patches of the American minister to the se- as wdl as 0f ,,e cii ciirastances connected with K in the relations between Spain and her ally, . . .. "!,c KUJ'Poses to have been in tired by ne proceedings of gen. Jackson, and to give ? the Spanish cabinet some precise infonna- - V a UVI.IVI llll'FI Hill- Jo ot the nature of the business, peculiarly 'nerestfnSfU Spain, in which these subject ' J" r 'ies, in whose faypjir she takes this in Krcst .were engaged, when their projects of of .7 r were tt;rm'nated,iii consequence 01 Weir falling ito the hands of gen. Jackson. States bad li-urn answered only by renewed out- that the moment those forces should ho dis-v rages, oiid after a 'detaehment offirty men uii-iliuuded; if sheltered by Spmiinh fortresses, if djr Lieuteaaot-Scott, accompanied by seven, furnished with ammunition and supplies by women, had been waylaid and murdered by the bpauixli omeer?, anu ir wtuea nun npporua ay indians, inters were given to Ueneral Jackson, tlie instigation.nl ppanisn encouragement, as ne and an adequate firce was n aced at his d if no sal, to terminate the war. It was ascertained that the Spanish, foree in Florida was - inade quate f for Hie protection even of the ISjianish territory itself, against this mingled horde of Uwless Indians and Negroes r aud, although their devastations were committed ,'uiiliiu the limits of the United St .tes, they immediately sought roluge in the Florida line, aiid there only were io be overtaken. The necessity of .rossing the line was indispensible ; for il 'wa ' om beyond the line that the Indiaus made, iheir murderiiuii incursions within that f the U mted Stales." It waslhere that they hai iieir alode, and tha territory belonged in fac, p. them, although withii the borders of the panUh jurisdiction.' There it was that tin Amerieaacommandr met the principal resis- auee Irom them : there it was that Were frund had every reason to expect they woulJ be, they would re-nppear, and lireC in udilition to their ordinary ferociousness, with .revenge for the rhastise'ineut ihey had so i-eeeiitly received, -would agiiiii rush with 'the war , hatchet aud ccalpinsi; knife, into the borders of the United Stales, and mark every foot-step with the blood of their defenceless citizens. So far k ail the . native re?i urces of the savages extended) to , war was at an end, and tjetu rai Jicksun we aboHt to r store to their families and their lionn s, the brave volunteers who had follow ed hi standard, and who bad consti'tuted the prin cipal part of his force. This could be , done with oafety, leaving riie, regular pwiion of his troops -le-garrisoti his line of loll, ui:d tw Miiall detachments of oiunUer tavftlry, to scour the country round 1Vih .la, end sweep (Hee' fourth Vue. . I--- i.ri-sJu-U. -: " " ''' ' - -
The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 22, 1819, edition 1
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