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FB1DAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1819. Volt oAl.RHJii.t-.GO WT ' kDITD BT A. UOAS. . cA.,Wn rTI.Wtar per y one half TOaddin advance. No paper to be coimnuea ,on to three month, after year'. .ubscr.pt.oo be t dul S i notice thereof .lull have been give, comi. not exceeding 14 line.,, are inserted dollar i for tweotyfiWcenw-eeh soU- ' rtl fntion " and in like proportion VUere thee "r11. .Lrbf lines thi.n fourteen. The eash jiucromy U ,roin "ons unknown p tto "tor" .-;-n rju -ft anv case be received without f!yK '.! iY, W ftl 50'in advance , and no di.v fiXncewithout payment of arrears, untewtUlu cpt'ion ol tlie editor - - T- - rOUTiCALv VftoMTHE WCnsipSI) KXrtfEtk JANT, 12 i. ... fmn ...in MutllCN villains, eirrciuri n, f(lt. 4r-Y(ur letter to Mr. Erving, refers 'to Avast mass of evidence, of which I Have not been able with the utmost pains and diligence to collect the whole, if indeed the whole b yet published. If 1 were to form a judgment from tlio evidence I .have seen, I sh-mid cer tainly regard your representation of the late transactions in Florida, as the rhetorical cx airrcration of eloquence and zeal, .ratlin ihau neath h?m, to send an ambassador extraordi nary to Turin, to' give - satisfaction- forthat viole"Jce,'ft It 'would be too contrary ,to the peace, the repose and the safety of na tions, tit their tnttual commerce, and to the duties which bind tjieo; to each other, for any one suddenly to apply to force, without know ing whether the other is disposed to do him jus ticeor tortuse it. $ Those . who run to arms vsitimt necessity, arc the scourges of the human race, barbarians, enemies to 'society; and rebels to the law of nature, ;'rir. rather to the common fuljher of mankind-M I. leave it to you td make the application. ' 1 know, air, there are exceptions to thes" gcneyal priogi ;des "i ccses, in which there is gnodhrcsison to dispense with , thd rtbservar.ee of them. If any one Woidd ravage from u qa'jn an essential rignt. or a rigut w;t!ioui which ; it 'esfsrld not hopO jto'subsist : if an am-iiuiii-iiCiiUiiMir ihi catens the liberty of a ro- tMiTf!;.-'; i! he rcs.olyc 'to subdue it ftui bring r -subjection j tnat republic will take council only, from its courage. It will not even attempt to wait the method of conferen ces on bo odious a pretention : it will brine perawtod jn for years; the sacrificed neu- policy not pnljj justifies oa demanding, hot tral rights to belligerent interests, which was should prbmpther to make. And, if at last the avowed purpose and certain, effect of the; we go to war iith her, (as we probably aooa IfniiKk riant:.- -...I A!l 1 . . . "J . W"Wl a -l' u Z 7 Mpcreps, ami loo.somi,; we may una, in toe jealousies excited unuau yrucrs in council: ail mese wrongs were the subject of Jong and patient negotia- uon. j.w ma me nation resort to arms ex. cept in ono single case ; and then not till falevery effort of negotiation, cvcrv milder mc- tuoti ot regress aiI cmravention, bad, in tbe opinion of the government, been tried in vain and exhausted. I knw, that tboJjitBry of military government rurnisbes cases enough ot'acrtntrarv coraplcjion ; and if we imitate their example, we : stall! justly deserve," as we shall f-urely incnr, tliR mmC 'pjioishoiimt which Provi'desce has vwited on tlitir folly itvid madness. f ' ".j..4 --- ' But, -'tomy" titter jemismk jrwi', Inti mate an opinion, that flic 'pri'iC'eedingH f j'ti. Jackson in -Florida. .nnght not to be regarded as measdrcs of hostility against Spaio. Hot lftC-Wftakiicss ot that power, and tho i;n-( order from governmen, but directly contrary bceilify of her government, s!ie would rysont; t i orders . VIi govermncnt hesitated Ions;,' i -'. Y .-"' -. vtmi,m- nuiuau, unu uivBions mi nome. ii noi in im. dispensations of Providence, that it is t m mntablc maxim o( wisdom and policy to be' absolutely certain always in whatever contest WO arc 'enarairail. taat nnr u1vraaMr ha im tk wrong," " ""- v ; . ' Hitherto, I bavs eoniJre! Gen. Jaekion't eonduet with a viewof its bearing on our. rela tions with Spain ; bat these tranlactior.s preseiit' other ouestioiM of far deeper interest, touehlri the relations between that officer and executive, and biiweea the exeeutive and the nation. It is now ascertained beyond doubt, from tat documents accompanying the- President's meO . & t' Congress (ir toni information be net' porposety witblietd from IhO publie, , wbuh -4 am ur from suspecting) that ia bis nostue pe radons against tho dominions and sabjeets of Mpain, General Jackson acted not only without such an insinuation as an iitsillt more 0111) ir- ' before it would authorize its forces, to cross lad into this quaere; all its efTorts, its last rc- (son's acts arc equivocal, ik lire his motives mi when aiiwt it gave tiie oraer, its instrney sources, and' all the best blood it is Capable of! and designs left to tonjefturc. As to St. ;unw.e,r6 w ..sufion, suitable w; shedding. !tis risking every thing only to! Mfrks, if -tho facts -wcris as yoii listen to the least pnqiositiou: then (hey may ,ny not contradict your -facts, the lair deduction ot reason anu justice. : let. 8;iy M?,a $:ismdlam sperafc stdu. I approached that place, he was informed, di lor tuo nonor 01 my numiry, 1 soutir m ism ten And nffain ' It is hot always neevs ... iui r ,..A i 'be delicacy and importance of the measure." i S . ,i' Y,,u iufona M ynursc,f " th flosr ia r 1 . MMmand4iriihed.ialeIy before. General Jackson, it may be correct. Neither do I mean to de ny any part of it. To controvert vour con lU3iUI13yr W uuoui -rrTii T iw?r sunr tiiot wnTrx amination of the evidence from which t hey are drawn,jwre at once indecent and futile iury to authorise naving recourse to arms that all the nietlifids ol been expressly r. iccted : it is that nil tlio. rm-fiwifls nt rprnririlintHin- bwrt'. S loht roctfrom the governor of K-iisaola, tint ajpossibhvthc party of host ilo Indians hid threatent I to? maintained : ' was specially iustrueted to respect, as far as Sjioniih authority, wherever ii is : and etiDtei of lhu.n onl.ri wrr Me tuefort, and that lie hpprehen led the f:irnihed Geo. Jackson, uhon bis takiaa the rr.rft bIiaTilstr 2aiTHiifi there waTnoF lii sullicTeirit': enminan J.n T. n.eerl&in tUn. lifeMi7a s. thero is thn utimist reason tn heliev. tiiat tin strength td Ufdbndtt aeamst liicm." I will '. siruetions. therefore, tre must refur to lhosa Iiruiv wnnM not eveif onier intaHiM trion .not deny that he was warranted bv the liw!which had been civen to Gen. Gaines. It seems am tliiis embarrasscd by the wai.t of infor- slTS with sine eritv. that tho issuo" of them t" iati! 1. (supposing the orders of his .nwiijth G Game bad suggesteil the propriety roatioiHis well as of ability ; and am as sen- roui,i he li;ir?nv .ami tint a delav m.iM govcrmnont impised' no restraint mm 'himf meh instructions : which nevertheless .(as .sible, as you Would have me, of the inequality': v ,..,.! to n..i tUn at, i.. .i, ...,.! in anticinatinar his eneinv. bv tbe-a,nieiihli. I w learn from the two Sellers to. that ofiicer. .1 ! 1 ' - --- , v. - w w w utuier in tt;c,u:scussion. liut i pro- 0f. being oppressed This maxim is imon- tnat being refund. I labor i Til fl 1 ceeu in u wun commence ; enuvicu witii a - strength uot my own, derived f;'ommy end, which is justice, aud my weapons, truth nnd reason. , Let a'd the facts j oti assert, ba-granted ? thai Spain, either through weakness or bud iing oppt by tho forcible oircu fro'n -Mr. Graham, acting secretary gf war, ef I'.iP .1f(li 0(tnli(r. an.l 2il nniiinbir 4A17 halt r at ir... a 1 : " -r."" 1 !... !!-..: r:j. . t ttiti.tn nlfin ' ,.. f.. M u-M.u.o, 00 u.u apiuicuuiu or im pi acucc 1 r " "f,ni"M"ibeen twice refused, us unnecessary and impoli VI r W HUtia 4& 0JI . I V l&lls TV VV UltHI O ' " v m w be considered as t!io disturber of tho public repose, wiil not be induced abruptly to at tack him who has not refused pacific mea sures, if he is not able tojiis ily t tho whole faith, failed to fulfil the stipulations -of herL that lie has reason to consider these np treaty with the United States, in m'gkctineL,ca..ancC9 Iiearc. n3 an artiOco tending to ... . ...! . -- . ;o to employ an adeduate force to restrain the Indians, residing within her territory, from hostilities against us ; that her officers in Flo rida, admitted a foreign iiiccndiiirv into tha brtmuce, with fail knowl&lirc of his wickd desigas: that tho ' complicity'' of the coin kamlartt at St. Marks and the governor of reusacola, with that jneendiary with the Sc jaiaoles, the outlawed Red-Stieks, and '.he nc foes, is really deoionstratcd :" that those officers took an active part in inciting this oaAarian war 'against 'us; encouraged tlu devastation of onr frontier, by affording a market f.r the spoil; supplied our savage foe With tho means of yar, and gave him 'shelter lad protection in tocir.-fortresses. :':ct it be supposed, that the" " power of declaring war, and that yet higher attributive of sovereign ty, the powrr of making war without any previous declaration of it, are lawfully vesi ed in maja-gencral Andrew Jackson, com roandcr otho division of the south. All I ask you to grant on your part, (and I hope it will be thought a reasonable psluUtlum,) f , that he, like the sovereign of every other ci vilized people, is bound to observe the esta blished laws of nature and of nations. Did all tho wrongs Combined, of wiiic't complain, furnish-justifiable -raom--nf- against Spain or her dependences, without previous representation of thera to her iTriiiiirm. ujiriawii. n smm s .1 a .1 ".w. .utum.umi ucinana oj rcaress H 'security ft4he. (Vittre and amuse and surprise him. To pretend to be authorised by. his mere suspicions al oie, is to shake all tbcfotindati'.m of tiie safety of na fi iHt.wJ That our case falb not wiihin ci ther -of tlisc exceptions, there is no need of argument to prove; I am spared that labor pre tended. , n!ey am muted to o"cn war, in form, m fact, and i:i foineqiiouce. I want no evidence but his oivu. In his letter to tlu Spanish governor, of .'tho aztlt; April, is 18, lw details tfio tacts, v!ii;'f), in his judg noot, tie. 1 lie iiistructioiis tliat were at length give en hi'o from the war department, appear in two letters of the secretary, Mr. Cnllioun, f ihe aSh and 101I1 December. In the first, 'lie se cretary says t " UolV'Tiilg lo the letters ad .'rest ed tn yoii from .this depariuiunt, on the 3'Hh of proved the . uiijusr c .n luct of the Sp inn'i I October and -ia December, as mauiteeting tha agents in ' Florida, an 1 concludes with a dis. views of the President, I have to request that ti-.ct r.i.nca of, war : Their conduct,'' ho Jna conforni to the instructions therein given. says, can 110 longer be tolerated ; nnd al tliougUarepubtic, toil I of peace, tho United Scaivskuow !ee tights ami,! the expense of war. svill iiiaintaiii them. i he mennine ol Our government has offered to restore to menace, was not lang left doubtlul; it was Spain the possessions conquered from her by: bX theTJnitcd SOfcs acting by. the con- eencral Jackson: thou-'!, whether tho offer! amimi iiy nimio competent to sucli a be of any avail or not, without Jus concur- mwsiret.om. oy to,Mnitea btates acting by r. ncc, may well admit of dm"6"t ; since ,j.tbo itistttalitjrf 'gen: Jackson's heai t. conduct is annroved and iustified thromihou::, ,,CiMl rnid-Barid, deffbri ating. .:icsolving, exo- curing, througli his-will and power, that the explicit :'' If (says Ikj) the we war r' gav- t . a 11, consequently, nts power 01 wiguig war against Spain, aii:l of conquering her domin i.ns, is in effect allowed. Now, in general, he Tn'wliom the power f making war resides, :s alone competent to adjust the basis Of ac commodation 'whether the uli possidetis or ' . a 1 1 if m w- status, anoante bc lunu Tho, c onstitiition .fl i'.'aciMOie .synviuier oe reiused, slum cn the Uiiued-Statcs is anomalous iu that res- UVasacoa hj violence, and assii ne the govern peer. To return : tiiccsttiralton sessions to Spain, amounts turn " I. ' t ' A. 1 " ' mission by our eovurnmcnt, that the wrongs ' """ai y-111 mat case must oc ircaicii as pn committed against us by her, conslitul rights of the riatioii were to ba maintained at iho expense ot wap. The language of his let ter to the Spanish governor of the 2.) I May, demanding the surrender of Pons- o da an 1 t!ie u.iraucas, is ible Should the Indiani, however, assemble ia fores on the Spanish side of the lineand persevere in eammitting b()Siilities within the limits of the United State, you will id that event exereise a AMn.l flianintiAM Ska Im Iha HriiiPitsf ,nf nmnc 9 II '.111 11 UMVILfclOlsa u iw jia Wfl SVbJ 'W UUSBIIIC attacking them and us regolatiNg his the line. Ut the purpose ofaU breaking up their towns t" tk discretion in the execution of his orders, by de- Kignating Iho nbj.'ets to which he was to couiirre his nperalioi)S. The t her ie ler is ia (heie wnrds : On the receipt of this hotter, should the Seminole Indian still refuse to iniike repa ration for their outrages attd depredations on the ejJizcns of the U a i;d States1, it is the wi,b of the President that you- eviisidcr youmelf at liberty to march acro. the Florida Hoe, ;u d In attack them within its limits, should it SB , ' 'oiiH' necessary, unlets ,;hefj should skelter them sua;. milter u uuuuiai. xn m cici, ll iiiMnetl nielii nntifn Ihi dernirtmrnt.1' . iWuof her ps-j 'Wx Ui,t'1 1 -10 transaction can bo amicably i',ftrSt tht govcrnieMt warily and expressly re 1 distinct j. d- adjusted between Ihe two goyornments. 1 lie ! efvC!l ,0 ilseir, the control and diret tioa of any , I.UIi.UiUllUll IKI sucli privation or invasion of our., essential rights, and afforded no such reason, to ajquv hend danger to our' safety from the delays incident to negotiation, as toju jtily accord mgJlohFpnnciplis" oftliFfaw- of naJiuiisyair abrupt and uncercnionjous jecourso to arms. This alone were conclusive. Hut "more; at the very moment of general .Jackson's irrup tion 'into Florida, and of his forcible seizure comolv wlrt. ,i. a"., i'V: ' , 01 i-cusacow.ani! aw ' M,MMU 1 l.AM ueiermmo uim Was actually pehdin uun uucaiHiiu siir- ot sio t rtvn 1 a.. s 1 ...... rV" u" -J'l'c' approveu I Sta ea am ftoa ituiiiiirii v. in tivn i - i " amides with lT i.. U,0,, compensation for all the injuries : complain I.P nnrn.n kL c i i- LZ":aT'rw w,.imi acr part, to f Pensacola. and its dci)eiidcncics.a.neeotia. between tho IJoiu-il to aimroved Za. ' VWZmnmtor.yM Rt icr bauds, and the cessio? Vattel Bavo a " ' . . . Floridas. J s-n L J . v"t'n ougur, to fiiicw mall his quarrels, a sincere desire f render, Hie IIISllA HM.1 r.nr, : ' .. . . H w r - pinn us m:ri. Mn nu bd . If the doctrines quoted from Vattel, were less uiUquiyocal .lind iinauthoiitalivo than they are, I should strll find amtdc sunoort ttrf.fcfiWA. rny.::,i.M "":w 'ey are," hUnetatoL:: 4 . "J the opinions I eoiei'tain, iu the invariable conditloasUnTE govermuent, through a justagainstfln aMnat, L Zrl " !!fmes ,,ra'!: every aJm.nistraf.o,,; Glisten to histiu ar tn V 7 ' V-? " ve,' !' ""'H " "ncompara- ire n,l ti,. t T J' . " ,,w"ibly greater urgency and importaiice than that go, anil that of human soeictr'I ... . . ... ... ,,, triivriti jauivnun s;iw no. ruiiiuuy Olll ... n. if jl . - . nF units, uu inc instant war. ! Snaio. In my opinion, Gen. Jacksoa violated tlti's or-lt'rs when he seized S'. Maiks : it was a measure, which Ihe orders did nat place with in I. is discretion, and beford'hc took such a step ne oogiii 10 nave consuiieu nia goverii'iieiii, 4 ... . . : 1. 1 . a. 1 1 1.. lliU too governor or i'imu jco.b, we are uuu, nuu iven hiin ioi ajtology for that proeeediogT For the s:'iir.e of PsimhcoIa ( j repeal) no such a piiJiifjy i'au be pret.mded. Before he o.archcd 'ii gainst that pluce, lie must have given hisiOft si ruct ions to the wiiiil. Upoa what pica d e he rest hi excuse fur this violation of his orders? m -.rv . ii. ..... ... ...i. ...... i lr(n..(' ul.lll! ; .nv i.ia.iii.'.n.ftw ..i'Vi, iI hi Ptdf-dvliiiice autlioriseil bv.the lawn! nu- ciue ; estaoiisiieu me revenue laws ot tlio U. 'lure and nntinns, hav- I hoitomcd all mtoijCr- States, and apn:dn'.ed . a collector... Wit h: res- iniiW.". Ite conquered I'ensacola on the 28tl pect to Spain, tiiis was n"t only wa;, but-".' the immutable principle of ss!j -defence I conquest : witii respect b. the United Siato.s,' who believed as 'early .a the 2th r p il. it was-somethioir more : it was the ' e err :io that the Indian war was at an end, and tlioulfl oj'pows of legislation, belonging cxclasively turners. 0 lour.. I ho peaceable surrender was" re'use'd ': .the general instantly proceed ed o violencvi and 'Capture:'-1 ho town, tin fort, (lie citizens and th(v'g;iri-i.ion. In UU oflicial di.'sp;itclu o!'ho 2d June,, lie calls the Spani vr.ls irmiq'ie rHThClif 'W HiK that the at iiclo of capitulation, witii hu. one c on.iitioi?, mnount Li a complete ccstion to the U'liUd Sialcs, of thai port mi of Hie FUri das .hitherto under the government of Dju Jjw Vas'rf," tho Spanish govcrnorol Hensacola' and tti at he hail organized a 'provisional go- vcrnment ; rcsciiided h Spanislrcom nerri'.il advantage liim , - ........... oU..h;i,, ... wuuljU- n. la. theTTlT6' rePuriition f W to condemn his rasi, (not to say mad) rc , auiurui(0: nt lo:iftf il ...f 1 1 ..1,.. . J r It I JIIIIMI' III ill IMS. IHtll 111 I'f 1IIII1I1I1I1 IIIU SllISlliIIl'U lixamples rise in quick succcs- ilcfc vianoasof obtaining tithe. This mffi:"!!. it.The retentiouof the western post by Great touch the mote uonT, .i ZTV, ' 1 , ! Pntain in Eolation of the treaty of ireace- Jit-. .. iwVBHI CXCa II- t l.nc.i.il ilii.nJ tn t ... nmuinl,. n.;ii:.,..a ."V oiiifiiniiuij.il mv iiiiuiiiii ui i.iM.i.riia, vwi.v i.. .... I ... . . . .. -ireiMHW, as tlie art nn ... . . rv Hfl... i - "a.u jorari inju- thiiH -' r : -"'"vuu,ca Hiner a mistake nd tl. . 5" sore in it fur,: " . . 7 t 1 "Ul reiuse to turu' V.,7 T 1 e,nse us a iust 8s iated not i 0CI inferior persons vio ca te territory Cf Savoy, in chief of the lima caused his titii..r . "vuv" Mute Jugglers, thekin. r c.j ""Dlsint. k caused his Bd Lom9 X v- not think it be v.tttl.lUwofNal.book u inittcd by France upon our commerce, before and during your father's administration ; the denial by Spain of our right of deposit at N. Orleans, contrary to her solemii engagements, the attack upon tho Chesapeako, than which a' more shameful abuse of the hospitality, and violent outrage upon the' Sovereignty of the nation, can hardly be imagined ; the impress, ment of our. seamciu'by British cruizers,- on the high seas, in spite of their protections, tlbid. 3Ba ' Ibid. 313C Ibid. 334. B IbH 33?.' 1 1bid. it be renewed, the position he had tttken,"' old emble a suiall parly to put it down promptly (j, who 'declared on ihe 2T.th April, that the Indians had not . the power, if the will re mained, of again annoying our frontier !" AVIiy htu this officer been permitted to trans ient! his instructions ? to eounfisract the declar ed policy of the executive : to take measures' no the strength of his qwn judgment alone, that directly affect Iho peace of the nation? mea-' sure., which the g Werifment expressly told him, it did hot intend to place within his discretion ? Whv has he not been punished?. Why not e van called to account ? Why has he bVa eoun- to congress, soul ol tno power ot appointinrnt cojifided to the presiilcnt anil senate. - Hiavc on'y two more 'observations to a H on this part of the subject. The first is. rh,t while 1 agree the .Fbridas 'would !o a valu i" ble aciiiiisition to 'iho United States, and one which jt ii vi.sc and i iglit in us to insist oil. I should tliink "them de.uly urcliaSed at tlio ex pense ol our own character lor moderation anil justice, inucli more at tlic expanse of the constitution'. The other is. that discarding ell resiK Ct for tho law, of nations, all concern for tho rjgkteofSpain, soumrpoiicyhfwirirea1' tenaa'eed,' jnstified, applauded? Hearken, sir, that fof oiir own aakr, General Jackson's at length, to the warnings of experience; open nrnri'p.din'rs in KlnriiW ulu.i.h 1 h,v!. .Kai, ivour eves to the lieht of history ; and yoa will vowmL i aaiuirov. i n M.iMv.him.1,.,1 hv ., learn. tn:Uinswvernsnenifwmca,w ..- r.M. , ; ..o.ritw., government. I doubt Jf you could Shave do un!TV:, E rCZZ, itr with impuniiy, soon eomes to dictate arders to vised a coui-se better calculated to prevent the voluntary 'cession of that province by Spain to the United States, than this open contempt lof her sovereignty. You have piqued her i. c i .. ...... i (jiiuc, mm vomit uuu tier ousanacy ; anu while.a spark of life shall animate her sink ing" empire, the senso of the indienity will still rankle at Tier heart, and I fetar withhold her from tho relinquishment of at : territory, useless to her own power and intcresf. and be neficial only to us ; a cession wiiicl sound bis superiors. If Gen.' Jackson had only disobeyed and vio lated his eiders T; if his offence had gone no fur ther than the nrostration or iKe.ieeBuvea- thdrity and dienky : even this had been iaen- sable anjl. most peroicious. uui wm this were tftc head and front ojhxs pfenning He has. violated the constitution of the United State in ono of its most essential provisions. In vain have the psople and the states oasfidfft
The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Feb. 5, 1819, edition 1
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