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I, f r- , "W 'A.'.1;; . ... - .... . .. FRIDAY MAttCEimg. Vo. n i.-. . J T AW r y 1 X ' .... , I . . J I t M I J - W J I r " 1 A A IJUU ' 'I m !M m . II Iff .' II I I 11,'IIIIJI III ' IV II II . .:!-- ..- J.;: .i mm this town contained about 5 Indian warriors, them into e service of the United States.faitijfujly fo. disclJiifs. and impartialij tj besides women and children. .. T.w hundre and thirty officers have-been ap-, draw coticosions,beleve to remark, tliai A lew days after the affair of Fowl Town, pointed, an J heir rank established, from an the conduct of the commanding general, if lieut. Scott with a detachment of 0 men, 7 Indian brigtidier general down to the lowest raising this 'yofoqtrei corps, was approbated women, and some children, ascending the An-. ubajtero of a : company. To whom were by the .YVar Department as will appear by palachicola, wiih clothing and supplies, for those.officcrs accountable for- their conduct 2 the letter of the Secretary: dated the 9th dav u.m,m knsii r'lT.n nnKdioAn of T.,t . tl.ii TLit.lt ..f IT. Wtf f.. T T ...... m n I' a :i l.i . .1 oml not'CC thereof biibu " "...i uR,niai mvvu,wuc;ii miuui a ic. nu iu uic 1 iiaiucai 111 uiu uiuicu laico, ivii viiaimai v, 10X0; nu II 10 UUl lU.UCr, 10 luB . 1 if m fii iiimi. 11141 waH nrmrrpn nv q namr fr iviii ila rititifi Tiiur lr was nnr ifkiittiiipi-cifi rp.i i ifinapmriattf t.. fi.ni ik inaa nr BMii 11 . V '.' . ' m ' ' Mdk t MALElGH.fN.C.) 4tED EKLT, Bt HARVEY AND 0AS8O, " EDITED BY A. O0A9. . f ThreeUoU.M Ir year one halt 1 M-n advance. No paper to r conun .- wnu not exceeding 14 line, are .nserted, n,;e8 uf t,at pjafet waa attackej uy a party! it tvill be foind that it was not considei-ed ne-JS&,- I'Ml'ansj himself and his whole party ftllicessary evetJjto lurnisli him with a list of their . mhwof lines thfturteen, Tiie fsh victims to their fury, except six men, wlioj naws 5 andinot until the payrolls were made TLrmiiiv ihose from pemna unknown w',inadc their escape, and one woman made pri- out,, and payment demanded were the. persons t;nn "Can ia any case beceivcdwithomjflf"cr . ; . Nosubitnpuon , . 3 . adWaiscon-!w lrom this time (lie war became more sen ) untimut na uient of n ears, UsUc .t'tUe;,iug , tfco Indians, in considerable '--'numbers, ! were euihodied, and an open attack was made 'jou Toll Sctt. Geneial CJains, with about ( COO regular soldiers, was confined 'to the gar rison, to this state juf thirds, inninnation laving been e'ouimunic'atcd to the War De- hartinent, Uenerai Jiscksi'jn was ordered-to (ake th firW ; he was advised of the regular iml militia i'orce, .amounting to 1800 men, I...,...:.l.wl I. 1. ilia t !.u !., u1 lIltrillllrMIIS l-Cln- f. .... 1 ... . - . , .. htmge ", T"" : " , rorcc iy UCMcryi uaines,. ot the enemy (saw to the semwoie war, u rc.c, . t ... - f to be saoff strong;) and, directed, if he should rmHoiftw, hi shall have 5uthont), 11 ., the fll,r ,,r()viillins.ifflri(.nt to beat Ussary.to wimI for jiersons and papers j Xq (tft on thc GoverMirs of Jhe hr said rowimttee Miquirt relative to v ' tuns, states for such portions of the mili Lrrofthp United States troops .into' "es , fc 0n (,e r. "torida ; n'liether the omcers in comniauu .u - oH,er Gee.a, ,ark8or, instead IN SENATE. FliBUCAHT- 2i 1819. Mr Lacock, from the com .1 ittee appoint- 1 : .irnanre 01 resoiuiiun ui j- the in known to tlit Department of War. And this place ibis proper to observe, that Gene ral -jurkso j seemed to consider those officers of his own creation, competent to disqhargt id! the Tunciions of olliceis apniuted by the authority of the general or state govminjents. Fur we find live oi them detailed all er wards to set on. a gcieral court martial, 011 a trial or I ! f- . . .1 .1. .1 R X I A. A. . At me ano ucAUi. migni 1101, on uir same, pun ci)lest Gpneral Jacksan have tried. xoudemn ed, sod executed, any officer of the Georgia militia, by (ho sentence of a court martial. composed of officers created by hint, and hold officers that had assisted in thus officering and organizing this corps, were examined by the) committee, that tliey wer apprised of the illew gality of themasure ; fur there is nothing o be found in Gen Jackson's letters on this sub ject, to the Secret ary of War, of the 12tby. 13th and aoth of, rhi;uary, 1818. rom which it can be fairly infefi eil tOat he had apiiointed a single oflker. ndecd, it would seeing fron a fair interpretation of those letters, that the; ifficers, at least, were of the regular, militia of the states and that the only departure from his. orders by jthe general, was, bis having called on the subordinate officers of the militia instead of the governor of the state of Tennes see, and his preference of mounted men to in- ing their assumed HUthoriiy by hO tenor of ifantry, And it will also appear, from the his wi!l?' ' lettem aforesaid, that' had Hie Department of Your committee will dismiss this branch of War disapproves of this conduct, and deter, thctiubjert by observing that, consistently mined to countermand the 1 order of Gen. jack with thc character and-genius of oiir govern- son in raising this force, no order to that ek me lit, no ofiicer, however high or exalted his feet could haverdached him before he had ar- Vnsaeola-atid-bt. Marks were arocnaoi: o, 0f ubsrvin.s: the orders of the Department of station, can b justifieil for an inlVartion of the rived at the scat ofwar, and of courseUhearmy ml under the control of, Spain; and parti- .'ar, by'calliog on thc Governor of Ten-1 constitution ; it is an o Hence against the so- might have been j disbanded in sight of the ularly, what circumstances existed, to autho- .j. ,,,en in 5AS!,villc,'ii'ar the place of his ! vereiguty of the nation, this sovereignty being . enemy, and thc oljjccts of the campaign there, izc or justify the commanding general- in , ,.s;jerc CI0SC tn apjn al, (to use his own Vcstql in the grtat body of the people. . The. by jeopardized, isid perhaps defeated., king possession of those posts" 11 jxirted: p,.,,,,) t; w patriotism of the west . consitution is the written expression of their j i'hecommitteejwill next take notice of the That they have, under the authority ".'.,. :..!! ci -..! miW him m wiihand above the control of all the public operations of the army in the Floridas. whi- ifii-d on tiiein, called lor and exaaiinca wi- , , t ,nnfl m.llllltl..i -,. anli functonaries combined. And when that in- ther they were authorised to nut-sue the ene- as ami naiiers. The testimony oMamed is I xl life inuird. struneiit has hteir violated, the 1 iconic alone my ; and, connected with this authority, it fiewitli submitted. I lie conmittc a,ter vith tho'iitm st alacritv, volunteered their havejiower to grant the indemnity for its in-' wasenjojnd on Gen. Gaines, to whom the i!:e insist 'mature and dispassionate cxiumna-- . the -states- of Tennessee'- and fraction: and all that can be said in favor of first order to this ecct was given, that in case ion oil lie suiyeci, ouvrior inc r .-ami -. ni jjtucky and repaired to his standanr. Of- tne oncer -.who transcenus 111s consuiuuonai uie enmy iook reiuge unner a spanisn gar- hi ux oeriiiu- 1 or iitiiuwiiic, iim ioh.i -i .u w, i-..,,- oiii!!ifeil to ruiiiniitnd this corns. lowT8, nnisi ue laki-n nui hi ju4uiiv.;uiiiii m nouu, ui i uiaitv tuuqj nine, uui in rciitiri 1.1 i .. :i .1 .. ...,-:,..... I,.., .1 .. r.i.i . .1 1. 1 i . p ii... ..e 4. ..('.. . e r i .1 . l ,iiu file opinions ami uhhw"'ou. .j ..- b Qent.,.aj i,,msi ll, or-bv othei S f" Ji,;l1 growing "it the Jar thus - . - . , j "atit horii v. i'hus growing cut ol, the fact- thus .....,,. i.;s ...lti((,j!v I,rcscnrd. On the origin of thc hostilities be- ,ni,.....,i i,,i t" :iiet'n tlio United States and the bcminoh- Iu- ,.wic,..f(1Q ill . I VM kJlllivj jus, tlie coraimtiee, as.Keu leave 10 rciuaru. h v persons, the at, but in imitation of the enormity of; the lact to the Secretary of War ; and the ob s orcanized.ithc oi'ence c iniuitU'd. With this view of the jservanceof this order, the committee conceive, S ' 7 . .... .1 . I II. If c service of the Uui- that the diffcrcut savage tribes living Milhin About the time General Jackson was or s:iic;t, which they onc.ene to be a correct j was equally obligatory on Gen. Jackson, who me, t ic. coninnltre have rn vam sought lor an j succeeded to the command at least it must exctist f r the coiiinanding general, fie has jstatediu his letter to tlie'cretary of. War, r it.! a Ant irl. mnnt if t',i! ,iiitpru in Mil I III .Llir L1II3 111,1 ni.llIIIIJll L '! IIIVIIH ' ! III , nt-nMiin-n w"o - , . assmains 1 ne power to juuge lor me nauonai , were princip-Hy fu- ienuesect or Frpaj.c..u volunteer force, of mounted : n tribes, resi-. " w" "iT , T V lnU-n, would be. thc least expensive, and United States, eu nm. ; w T the raost efiicient. His duty was to execute . u-iil. ii, t:iwfc in. mere wasiois nun ren. e ,n i.ic iwu c.im . 1 f . . i.ltu.,.:..B .:,.,. . ,i;. : riti ii Lad on the borders of the Floridas bated Seminole Indians k'itives from thc mure northc: dent withia the limits of the A IV n i- the li-iMitv if -ISI I ' " j i-. i.:., ;n ,i;. , iar,c. a rnnaiitpi nh ft hi . if ,in vd m x t UenerUI J U h-ud l itirmi iu- rti uiy i.i .in ....u..r .. ....... . ............ ... r-. r, -.1 a t -number of those fi.-itius ; as the Indians ' posuive muis ; hi "1 viola te'tHcm. Obfdinife and subordination hey them to obnetve huiI tnlurcc tlie laws, not . . . - m- 2 I l I" a! !!,;. i;wQ.i;fini ..,;;. ,i.a v;....u ..r onlers, tooK upon uimseii me aurnorny liliat tmify.took i-efuVe in the lisliing, there caii be little doubt lliitstility to the United States hiss seem to have bpen strcn liuiiiier.ee of foreie-n emiys:u it' who nu la. Sate. M'li up their rrsidenee fcimmg them ; among vVhife jour committee fe:d a pleasure in ;tpj ja!,ua1'y Vjtlis - . . - r I t t.m i t i-uuinn- an li-mv ,11 211. ii-:isi 1 11; ki . i.ri:iiv iiitii riorioa.s, ciicr-.'"'T'."o -" " J . " ' .71 . -tumi feeling, of"-1 L.pintntg their officer- ifira urigw- ' . im i . i i nip oinf II :if I MHif hffltl. situl llkPVIP illll-'-i . incse icei- -r " -; sthened bv the tenng.tliis :orcc mio li.e service ox iuo uhucu. .7 are the hist and highest duties- of a soldier, . ' ' A .1 - I 'll no on knew better tne iruui oi, anu uie ssity for, observing this maxim, than the i' in question, far uieiruiu 01 uus od-lift-vie have hi own declaration l liis h Iter k Uvterrtaiy of War, of 20th he sjvs, your letter, en,- wtiom, as the niost coiisoicious. were Alexan- idandincthe z'd ant! promptitude that Uave i,,uiu VL... mva (ir)ar ofth siSi'h 1 tier 'ArbuthiKit and Robert C. Ambristcr. In: marked the military conduct of these genera! jias bcetufccivcd : likV'j'ourseU; I hi wis state ot things, it appears that the execu-! omcers, on many lormer occasions, tney wonm live department of the government deemed it' feel themselves wanting in their duty to rhjc neressary, for the security of the frontier, to Senate and the nation, if they did not express I establish a line of forts near the southern j their decided disapprobation of 'the conduct ol boundary of the United States, and to occupy ! the commanding-, generals in- the stejH they those fortifications with t tort ions of 1 ho 'iw. ! took to raise, ami organize the force emolo'ved lar lorces, and by these means .peace was !on tliis occasion. These -was no law.iu ex- maintained with the Indians until the spring! is'.euce that authorized even Jl; -President "tn w summer of 1817, when the regular forces1 the United States to raise or'accept .the servi. h ultimo, have no other trels to gratily than those connected th jnVjjfHbliC'gotNl, and it gives me. phwisure ttf-nThw'toiiiciile in tuose opinions calcu lated to produce U. llesponsibility iiow rests where it should, oh the officer issuing Hit or der : amPUie priuciplo acknowledged, i c;J ciliated ti insure tha sHbordinutton so neces sarytollie harmonious movement of every iart of the military machine." It is to be regretted, that an ofiicer who 'seemed to be so perfectly aefpuinted with were withdrawn 'from the posts 011 the Geiirgia' ces of volnnteerv The law passed fur that frontier, and concentrated at Fort Moiif 'oin-1 purpose, had expired "in the year ISt.V The "y.onuic Alabama nvcr, a considerable dis-' constitutioii of the United States gives to Lon- i w,at1irlongcd to tiicdutv of others, should th Uieveo,'Sia Ime. Hut it scorns gress. exclusively, ihe power ol raising .ar- -Javc btcn s i totally "legardless or uiiconscims tnat-abwit this tmie a- nf-liis-owM- -aniUvtiUeiluiciwoiuiUce arc wil- coinmenced betwetiifhe Seminole Imliaus ai.d ' power of app-iinting thivojficcis'. to command -j-g tuadmit that the volunteer forces called the frontier inhabitants of Georgia. It is 'dif-. those armies, vvheji .rajscd.... Thoconutution;- i,lt' sc,.vice hv Genet al Jackson, were more "Cult to determine with certainty who com likewise, Rives Congress power to provide for ei- ;e,lt .,IKj e;.ensive than, the militia, im-nced those hostilities, or on whom "the calling foi t!i tlKmiliTTa to execute l,lie hsws f jl0.oM!i:if(l himself to the usual propor jreatest injuries were InHirteiL r.i-i.i-il tlm Union tn sOMiiress insurrections, and to ..p ..... j . tl.U i!.v (' ialmnll ' . , .'-IIVI UV " - I i , ! I lll.'l III IIICll . 1 .I i I Ill . - '." 11 ' '-I O.I.MI. r. . " .... -1 .... uaines, however, demanded -a surrender of i-enel invasions : but reserves to ' tbc. . -st atcs ie Indians who had committed omages on respectively, the appoir.tmcrit of thc oitccrs. ,, "ou'ier 01 Georgia.. Vnh this demand n contormity with the last recited provision ol n - - . nil-, UtUlrtllU "ley. leluscd to rnmn! v. lino-inn- i v'J ""b"! i"ai nit IIL3I I -nd greatest aggressions had heen made by Jie White men. In ronspnm.nrn .P,l.io ...,r . j ....... 1 una urn; gen. Gaines was authorized by the Sc. re- not beui jred as an argument. iu favor .of eta loying thein, or' pled in . 'jus'jfiaitioli of 'the unhwful net j for if these reasons he consider- in, tho constitution, the Congress of the United ridnclnsiM '. and should lie acooiesved States have, pvmsed laws authorising the Pee-; tjiey 'fc i5 pplied i! h encriasiiU force, sident, when the contingents abyo idliidedj;,,.,!. t!l,s ,ITn;dent) in a;l future wars; In vlm-ilfj liaiiiicn. Iii cull cm (lie. (roernar.s. (jj''. .."r . .....,e.. ,. .11 1,,, I UI'V f V - " J ' v 4 o - - - lll 0HVli 1111.(113 . 11 ui. i iMi.-iuiii u u.i i. A' -m' at "'"discretion, to remove the! any mi'itia ollicers, of the respective .st..U'.s, ticy rcaiy an-Mnoi-e ellicicnt and less expen- . . .- w iiiv laims icueu ne"" dvu !"nimi hi wo iiniiiin .. . "v "' ' - sivc nan ciiucr in voiunicerx, 11 "ituuioriseu by law, or thc militia ; and the officer at the head of such army (acting on the. puociples before stated, ami encouraged hyllhe acuois cenceof the nation) may dispense wi,:pthc militia altogether, and increase the regular army to any extent that folly or ambition may suggest ; and all this under the pleaol neces sity. 1 he .committee can scat rely- imagine a possible case tljat-ijKiy occur iii a fi;tu're' war, wiicraihe 'necessity will be less strong Jhati in the present. Thisjvar was waged when the United States were at peace with all the world,, except this miserable undisciplined banditti of deluded Indians," and fugitive slaves ; their whole strength, when combined, not exceeding 100O men ; opposed to whom me. 'United States by the treaty made with the! deem reip.iisite for the occasion ; and, iu strict ftivtl'" 18145 "IS0(,"inS he is told that it j observance of fhese laws, was General Jack i'gbt be proper to retain sonic of the.n ashos- son ordered tiicatl on tlie governors of the jages, until rcpacati n was made lor the de-j states adjacent to thc seat ofwar, lor the re predations Committed by the Indians, In j.nr: qnisite militia force. Gain? I'" 5ism'tior,n,7Uiority,ge..erali It is with regret that the committee, are undc?th dt'tlM:l,,nen,rta',.300ineiif compcheil to declare, that tliey conceive GJ round a7i?mjUa" f -n,jtt,.'l'wiggs, to sur-! neral Jackson to have disregarded the pvsj T, . r a ind,an 'Hage, called Fowl ; tive orders of thc Department of War. the con- il''ii IIU'll nl...... . . .. . " rived at v 1 ' detachment ai -! himself nol only the exercise of those powers uians Li- ,'low" in the ni$Ut l'tbe In- delegated to Congres8t as the sole legislative iteeat s , m' and fl)inS to an ad- authority of the nation, and to the President ment an? Were fired Hn by the dclacu" and Senate, as it relates to the appointments, Two'lnd'6 raaU a"d ne won,an tilled, but of the power which had been cxpn'ssly re tachmCBTn,S wer? made prisoners. The de-iserved to the states,. in the appointment of the hv," ""ueu 10 rort ocotu A twoaft.. "-,utu lu rri ocou a Uay or in?DnlI.8Ut,0 for opurpWSf obtain- Within. '"uig neir wagons cur .they S,CnS es and: cattle,! ga, skfrU "P-mi oy me Indians, and a lam fain V u oiu -ii is 6 'n Young, the toiwgraphical offiai's of the militia; a power; the more valu able, to the state because, as tliey had surreu derc& to-iliegcneral-governmeht-- the-f even-j uea and- physic iorcent the nation, they jcoutd only look to the officers of the militia ns a se curity against tlie possible abuse of the dele. ed power. The committtee tinu the, rae- have clearly evinced the ill of the Secretary, of War on that point, and how far this injunc tion was observed, will be found by what fol lowed. It - appears that Gen. Jackson ad vanced into Florida with a force of 1800 men,' composed of regulars, volunteers, and the Georgia militia, and afterwards, on the 1st day of April, was joined by Gen. Mcintosh, and his brigade of 1500 Indians, who had been previously orgauizedby Gen. Gaines; op posed to whom it appears, from the report of Captain Young, topographical engineer, .and otlicr evidence the whole forces ot the fugi tive Seminole Indians and runaway negroes, had they all been embodied, could not have exceeded 900 or 1 000 men ; and at no time did half that number present iliemsTves to op-, pose his marchof course little or no resist ance was made- .'IHie Mickasuky towns were first taken and, destroyed. The army marched upon'Sfc Marks, a feeble Sparijsh garrison, which, was surrendered without firing a gun," and then occupied as an American post ; the .Spanish., commandant having first, by humble entrea ties, and then by a timid protest, endeavored to avert the measure. Here Alexander Ar huthnoj was found, taken prisoner, and put in confinement, for the purpose, as it was sta ted by Gen." Jackson, " of collecting evidence to establish his guilt ," and here, also, were taken two lndiao chiefs, one of whom pre tended to possess the spirit of prophecy; they were hung w ithout trial, and with little cere mony. ;i - , ThjsJieing done, and St. Marks garrison- : ed by American troops, the army gursueiT their march eastward to Siiivaney river,, on which they found a large Indian village, which was consumed, and the Indians and negroes were dispersed; after w icli the army return ' ed to bt. Marks, bringing wifci them . Robert Cr Ambristcr, who had .been taken .prisoner 011 their march to,Suwaney,; During tha halt of the army for'-a few days at St. Mark, a general court martial was called i ; Arhutlmot was arraigned ; found guilty ; sentenced to sulli r death, and hung. x . A min ister was tried in like manner, found guilty , and sentenced to whipping and Confine ment" Gen. Jackson annulled the sentence, and ordered him to be shot and this order was executed. ? It appears, by the testimony, that the army had arrived at St. Marks, on their return from" Suvvaney, .on. the 25th of April ; aud 011 the 26lh Gen. Jackson writes to the Sccreta: ry, of War ;in the following manner shall leave this in two or three day?, for Fort Gadsden ; ind after , making all. necessary iUTRiicemcnts for the security of the positions occupied, and detaching a; force to scour the' fiirsvious to Gen. Jackson's taking the com- county west of the. Appalaclucola, I shall mainn and under Gen. Gaines, were ' a force of 18DO regulars and militia, besides iliell 5Q0 frienilly I an3legally subsidized byjtbc last mentioned generafr WHat thenTin Bis state of the case, becomes of the pica of ne cessity ? And if it be admitted in this case, to justify or palliate an act ol military , iisur lanrlmlv fdet lipfiii-f tapm. tliut militarv ,)fR tainCedI in-Which Bmal1 ,QS wat rers. even t this early stage of this republic tab vn n b 8,des M is stated by cap- have, without the shadow of authority, rained engineer, that an al-my of at least 2500 men, and mustered I here the conjraittee, having pledged themselves pation, the committee would anxiously inquire where it is to be disallowed or denied ? ' And proceed dii-cct to Nashville : my presence iriT . tbisjsountryjc necessary.- ni? Indian forces have been divideuhdratte edTcu&from latlWmTfiuidratton withthosc unpi inpiplcd agents of foreign, nations, who liaye deluded tbem 1 Their, iruin, they have not the pnwer, if the Ul remains, of anwiy ing our frontier." It appears, however, by llie conduct of the commanding general , that he had, at tliisitime, looked to different
The Raleigh Minerva (Raleigh, N.C.)
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March 19, 1819, edition 1
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