r
D A I p OB SERYE3 ;
Saturday, t August 12, 1096.
ClIAs R. JONES.
V BREVARD McDOWELI,
Editors & Proprietors.
-free from the doting scruples at
ftttef our free4orn reason." ' f
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J3PEECH.
OF
HOH.tUCItJSQ. CUIUS,
of mississippi
Ik the House of Representatives,
Wednesday, August 2, 1876.
The House being in Committee of the
Whnl. on the bill (H. R. No. 2592) to trans
fer the conduct of Indian affairs from the
Iitterier Department to the War Pepart
ment Mr. Lamar said :
Mr. Chairman : I listened early in
the session with great pleasure to an
interesting and suggestive speech de-
lived bv theeentlemanrom Massachu
setts unon the nrOBOsitioTi toamend
the Constitution so as to make the
President of the United States ineligi
ble to a Beyond term of service. 1 was
struck with the views which he pre
sented UDon the subiect of the relation
vnfthis nroDosed amendment "to the
currunt and debasing .cracticea !which
havft creDt into the public service of
the country." I do not propose to
discuss that subiect fully now: it is
too laree : but I may say as to the
whole subiect of civil-service reform
. thatnoure can be successfully an-
; nlied which does not secure that re-
i; rhoval from office shall be made only
for cause, and that the tribunal which
decides that cause shall by its freedom
from all interest or feeling as to the
result guarantee the good faith and
impartiality of its decision: and my
obiect on this occasion is to discuss in
this connection certain great agences
which through this service effect the
nublic interests.
'Ir. Chairman, it cannot be asserted
that the practices and peculiar system
of measures adopted by the . present
Administration for several years past
"command the approbation or a ma
jority of the people of this country.
Oa the contrary, the assertion may be
ventured, with entire confidence in its
accuracy,- that the sentiment with
which the greater portion1 of i the
American people regard the conduct
of our public affairs is one of decided
dissatisfaction and despondency. This
sentiment is irrespective of the hostili
ties Of party. Inside of the dominant
'party' itself, among those in entire
eympal.y with the political principles
which brought it into power that is to
say, among republicans of earnest
' purpose, self-abnegating ';' patriotism,
Zj t j .1
v tnu uquiwku iLvriiiteuuc meic is u 1 -ntna
4nxln?Prote8t against the methods I erriment
01 aaministration, ice tone ana cnar
acter of the public servics, and the
principles of legislation which have
marked the action of the Government
for many years past. It must be ad
muted that this sentiment, so pro
nounced; and so pervading, has not
1 produced - its legitimate effect upon
, the r action of the Government, has
' wrought no change in the adminietra
., tion either as to character or policy.
1 This is a noteworthy fact m Ameri
, can politics.
in every country enjoying the - pnv-
; liege... of representative government
' such a condition of public sentiment
would have found its active political
expression. In England, whence we
have derived our parliamentary in
stincts and habits, in spite of the
checks upon the popular' will to be
lound irr a hereditary - peerage and
monarchy, such a condition
ing'dissatisfactkm with the management of
national an airs.
" Have you any longer a doubt as to the
causes which have wrought this change in
our fortunes?'' Surely we haye not adjured
our creedV Our distinctive policy ana aims
were never more cieany amrmea, our iraui-
tions and Jhe" names 01 our great leaaers
never more reverently held- - .
a s .
No. Gentlemen, the crotett is not against
the record or the creed, but against the
methods of administration : against dorui
nant influences and tendencies, that have
debased the character and lone of the pub
lic service: aeainst a leadership that has
wielded power and -patronage for-itsown
ends and not for the public good ; against
a partisanship narrow, intent and violent,
that has usurped the place of a broad and
pulicrhtened statesmanship and repelled
accessions, of recognized character and abili
ty as an element tou repugnant to De toler
ated; against a code of financial morality
that has corructed the standards of official
had turned places of public trnst
" J .. , -
into opportunities 01 private gain or puuuu
plunder. : r , ' ' ?
r
Oherve with me for a moment, gentle
men, some of the forces of opinion and sen
timent tba1; indicate the drift and demand
nf the hour. Note first the anxious looking
Mr relief from the lone continued depres
sion that rests upon the material interests of
tho fAiinfrr and the feeline that some
change, some new dispensation, is essential
to such reuet.
It will be percieved that this gentle
man here arraigns the vices and prac
tices of the national -administration.
its lawless usurpations, the corruption
which revels 111 its high places, tne
trifling with the important interests 0
finance and currency, the, prostitution
f ntihhc; office to Deraonal gain, in
language which, if uttered upon this
o- o- . . , , , - 1
floor by a democrat, wouia De regaru
ed as the exaggeratiotis of partisan
animosity. Yet, singular as it may
seem, that convention was neiu iu me
interest, exclusively, of the great pol
itical organization under which these
evils, thus characterized aiwi thus held
' . . 0.1 a 1
up to the reprobation or ine Americans
people, have oeen iasienea on our
Government. And these gentlemen,
the members of the .convention and
the president of it, and perhaps large
portions of their constituents, -wnn
all their talents and moral influence,
are in sactive co-operation with the
administration so ; denounced in the
support of a political party which has
indorsed that Administration anu nas
in return been indorsed by it."
Now what is the- influence which
thus sweeps vast masses of a free and
vif ttious people into a course of con
duct in direct contravention of their
most solemn conviction and their
most earnest purposes.
More than a quarter ot a century
ago one 01 tne greatest or ine great
statesmen of America, JJaniel Web
ster, declared that the power of the
Executive of our National Govern
ment had increased until it had be
come dangerous to liberty, and he
predicted that if ever the President,
who was the head 01 the nation, snouia
become -the,";; mere head of a party,
such party could and would, by the
sheer force of the political power and
patronage which it grasped, maintain
that ' power, from "term to term, and
continue any policy which it devised
in direct resistance to the will of a
majority of the people, unless that
majority became overwhelming in
numbers rose to simultaneous action
by some great excitement only short
of civil revolution. -
Another great statesman, from
another extreme of the Union, belong
ing to a diilerent school of politics,
and yet his peer in intellect and patri
otism. Mr. Calhoun declared that the
patronage ot this Government at that
time and it was nearly bait a century
ago in the hands of the President
was loo great a power for the Chief
Magistrate of a free people: that it
was imperial in its character, giving
him absolutely to the extent of that
power more control than the autocrat
of Itussiaj and'hepredieted when the
corps "oTofficff-holflers ujidei' this G&r-
should reach one hundred
thousand the people might almost as
well surrender their liberty, the con
test would be too unequal ; for the
party thus intrenched in power could
show a vast superiority over the two
thirds of a popular majority scattered
over the . country unorganized and
acting upori different grounds dt oppo
sition., . . -'
In the predictions of these' tW great
statesmen we see developed the power
ful'agency which now nullifies the
sentiment of a free . people and pre
vents the application to the machine
ry of this Government of that great
social force in' all free governments,
public opinion, y
An intermediate and irresponsible
body known as the party has interpos
ed itself between the people and their
Governrneht r" a body unknown to the
Constitution, having no part in the
civil apparatus of society, yet tyran-
-i i
of public
asntimant. vniilA nrnrlna a nVianrra in
the I administration fin twenty-four S with selfish and felentlss ener-
.1 . . . I crj ntroT nATh TtAm A o -rtrf '4-Airai'nmnnr
nours. now men is it tnat in our
Government, the completest represen
tative of the popular will in theory
that has ever existed, with no check
or hinderance upon the prompt and
trfr ireeexpression s and application , of
gy over both toeopll and Government,
converting the agents of one, av its
highest officers, Cabinet officers, into-
the willing and active .enstruments in
advancement of its ambitious designs
and employing the passions of the
$ublio opinionoits machineryde. otetathe serva (iWJjartanand
'-Ttfnairsfrr ifaitiliivi. AVni-'i.'oH,, mischievous purposes MThe central
and sensitive sympathy with the pub
lic conscience, such a condition of
public sentiment fails to impress itself
i upon the administration ?- What is
thi oiysterious and inVisiwe' influence'
l whi6h; paralyzing the free activities of
the American people, prevents them
from bringing the action of the Gov
ernment into conformity with their
, . V11- i VP milst beUeye, Jbathe moral
- ' character bf our people is ? sound, that
they enterupon the second century of
their nationality with increased moral
earnestness with higher. $tandards of
public virtue and official rectitude,
and with a more solemn sense of the
needs of restoring their Government
to the tone and purity of the earlier
lays of the Republic, The question
( -then grows In urgency, what is itihat
prevents the sentiments of a free peo
pie from finding realization in the
character and policy of .its. govern
ment? I desire to give a single ex
ample; which is typical of the general
condition:thatrl am tryirtgb illus
trate. : M -L i.JL. ii
But a short time since a convention
of the republican party of Massachu
' etts was called in Boston. - The presi
dent of that convention, upon taking
the chair, uttered the following signing
t:au remarKs. Alter jeierting Witft
eloquence tot the ptoud-achiev4eats!
ntu nuibu tug (Jaibjr uaillUU was luen-
tified, he .warned the "convention
; "arainst the mistake of fichtino-' tho
battles of the future upon the issues of
ue past,- l xmK.- :-f5'jr( -1 (f j
In the year when a glad patriotic people
swells the chorus of a natiohs's jubilee, it is
not by lightning again the camp-fires of
ai .fSiat tl?at we ended, U is ot by ; kind,
1 1 I lt "ew Passions bat onght to ' subaideJ
.1 PtPoniBg. the final hour of
J tn-T 7 u "ncuiation that tictories - de
serve to be won. . ,-4
liS?Vn.8h!?, r2PQWicari to ' rellow-reVuP
hcans, I ahaU offer no apoloev for nUin
filled to see a deep, wide-spread; and grow-
said no part of the Government, yef
iasteird upon it, intrenched in its in
terior departments, extending .and
ramify mg its net-work 01 selfish power
and dishonest influence to the remotest
points end the obscurest, neighbor
hoods of the Union, garrisoning with
an army of 100,000 office-holders and a
reserve oj another 100,000 expectants
every j jDepaTtmentj! eryrJosbfBce,
and every custom-nouse in me land,
tempting men from honest industry
into., the -dependence and servility of
omce-hoiding and ofnce-seekmg, wield
ed by a single will into unity of purpose
and concert of aotion this monstrous
perversion of popular liberty is : the
great and insuperable obstacle to the
reformswhich the people demand
and whicKthreateiiSjto make.tbjs Gov
ernment in all its 'departments the in
strument of an irresponsible and des
potlc power. ... ;- .; j
But, sir, this, while it is the chief: ob
stacle ju, the jjay, of the harmonious
co-dperationol-tall .the elements in
favor bf ireform7ls not the only! one.'
There are thousands of voters too; hon
est to , flatter, power,, too independent
not to speak 'theif cdhdemiiatiorl of its
anuses, ana Drave enougn to unite in.
the effort to overthrow their Own party
t the ieountrvj -who! yet
Ww Of tbeJurMrtaiity jand
responsibility attaching j to the next
step. THey are reluctant to accept and
cg-operate with the democratic party
as"; the, jnstru m ent for inaugurating the
system1 bf iheastires5- which f ood gov'
ernment demands. Their obi ection to
such a course is based : on the abofe-
tiie euun 10 ovt
forftha- good of
hesitate, ixflviej?
the. same control over its vast ma
chinery, and . addicted, as they charge,
in the past periods of its: power, to the
same use of the patronage in its hands..
Sir,- whether this apprehension be
well founded or not, there is one con
sideration touching this subject which
should not be overlooked. It practi
cally gives up the demand of the "peo
ple for a reform m their Oovernment.
It is a virtual abandonment of the
struggle. For though it may be possi
ble or rirobable that the change 01
nartv may not insure this reform, it is
- ...... V
unquestionably certain that no cnange
at all will end all hope' of reform
Sir, it is utterly impossible that the re
forms desired cart be .effected by con
tinuing in power the party whose de
basement of the civil service of the
country and corruption of its adminis
tration is the thing to be reformed.
And the reason is obvious. This result
arises from the fact that such vicious
tendency is the , -predominating mflu
enCe, the strongest principle of the
political organization which controls
the Government, while the counteract
ing element of tmritv and. reform is
weak and subordinate.
v. - If this be so, if the controlling spirits
of a Partv organization be those who
represent its worst tendency, if they are
the men of action and resolution, ag
gressive and dominant : while those
who represent the other element are
nassive and inactive, acquiescent and
submissive, it is utterly impossible that
such an organization should reform it
self by its own inherent and self
evoking energy : as impossible
as it is for an insane mind
to restore its own reason by its
own will. .In addition to this, the suc
cess of this party at the polls will of
itself give -. immunity to the corrupt
practices which are the subject of such
universal condemnation. If the peo
ple of this country, at the ballot-box,
in view of the great evils complained
of, in view of the issue made against
the present Administration and the
bold acceptance of that issue by the
Cincinnati convention, decide or in
dicate their feeling that they have
other objects paramount to that of re
form, such act'.on is equivalent to a
ratification of the existing system in
all its enormity and closes all opportu
nity for overthrowing it. To say, then,
that bv a change we have no assurance
of a better state of things, is the policy
ofdesnair. of abnegation. It is the
surrender of liberty to power which
Webster and Calhoun contemplated
with such pungent apprehension.
On the other hand, if this great re
publican party with its imposing
achievements of the past is hurled
from power by the American people
on account of the abuses of its civil
service, on account of the practice of
using the patronage of the Govern
ment for the purpose of consolidating
party strength and controlling elec
tions, such a defeat for such a cause
will of itself inflict an incurable, it not
a mortal, wound upon this' pernicious
system. It will of itself give to the
successors in power a practical warn
ing of a like fate if they, pursue alike
policy. . They will 'come in "holding
their newly acquired power under a
tenure of -office, which tenure is " an
abstinence from the courses of their
predecessors. .
I do not overlook or undervalue the
declarations of the republican candi
date for the Presidency. I believe they
are sincere. I applaud the sentiments
and honor the author. But their sig
nificance must be measured, not by
what he is willing to promise as a can
didate, but by what he will be permit
ted to perform as a President. Sir,
rarely in history have we seen the man
who has the courage and resolution to
put down the exacting tyranny of .his
own party, to impose upon it the im
press of his own will, to infuse intotit a
higher life, and say to the selfish and
ambitious politicians who had chosen
him as their tool, ''.Behold jyour mas
ter." v -
The character and fixed policy of the
party of which he has consented to bed
tne representative, tne innuences wmcn
are now combined in his support, "are
in direct opposition to those declara
tions. While these promises of the
candidate are held out .to the ear, the
Administration which supports him
itself is in . every moment of its exis
tence breaking them to the. hope.
While the republican candidate de
clares that there shall be no appoint
ment as jiriaWard jfor' party service and
no removals for party disservice, the
Administrationis elit$ii&tigfrpm its
ownorganizatiotf every1 eJemerit' of, ror
form that has by the mutations of die
appointment found its, way there,
v Bu there isJfcn, averrUeJk)f reform,
available and effecViverwhich a change
of parties will; open. One of the great
est sources of the abuse of patronage
and the corruption of the administra
tion is to be found in the enormous
revenues and expenditures pf Govern
ment, Snaking necessary1 this1. extrava
gant number of officers and agents to
collect thi rfcynue and; dispense these
expenuuures. a system 01 retrencn
ment and reform, cutting down the
revenues and expenditures to the most,
economical needs,? of the viovernment,
would at once deprive the Executive of
a large percentage pl,,.this.-patronage.
To that policy the dernocraticL party is
riot only' fledged, but it ba' signalized
its ipast administrations --4y -'- a faithful
adherence thereto, as a comparison of
democratic administrations "with that
of the party now in. power will abun
dantly demonstrate. .
Sir, the objections which the people
of this, country haye hitherto had to
the re-a8cendehcy' of the democratic
party have never grown tut of its ad
ministration of the fiscal concerns of
this Government. They are based
upon its use of the powers of this Gov
ernment for what was supposed to be
the maintainance of the interests of the
slave-holding sections of the country
All the lawless" usurpations and rhisuse
ot powers of : government . .Charged
against the democratic party "have ref
erence to those ubje8ts. and to those
alone. O Upon all other subjects, and in
all other interests, when the democratic
party surrendered the Government into
the hands of their opponents, it was, in
the language1 of oneofitfAbst eminent
mieh;i without a'stairi Mpdntits honor,
matchless inits splendor, incalculable in
its; 'strength: the -wonder- and admira
tion of the'Vold.:4''llie;''itowe, which
the nation showed in the great civil
conflict, its resources of men and,, ma
terial, its vast appliances, manufactur
ing mechanical, and commercial, were
hut'thericbiiiafy M a period faf.
sixty years under democratic rule out
puoiic service, to
methods of adtninis
111 1 the
tion' cannot, be
guaranteed by a mere change of party
relations, by bringing the democratic
Pjrty -into v the administration i from
which the other party has been! ex
pelled, with the same Bystem ; at work,
tyjth the same? "ainount of patronage,
subject to- the' same tendencies,; with
working undisturbed by adverse influ
ences. And they fear in the advent 01
the democratic party to power an influ
ence unfavorableand dangerous to their
stability and permanence..'': These mis
givings, based upon their estimate of
theNi past career . and. purposes ot tne
democratic party, are strengthened by
he fact to which they point, that the
people of the South are united against
the.; party which established the new
order of things and in support of the
party which opposed it, thus threaten
J 1 . 1 I 1 1 . i At X At- '
ing uie re-estaonsnment 01 mat bouiii-
ern sectional dominati6n so repugnant
to the sentiment and the purposes of
the northern people. ' They therefore
are not prepared, for the sake of cor
recting the disorders of administration,
to peril the;ncwlv established condi
tion of things bv placing it in the hands
of those who were originally inimical
to its institution.
.Without questioning the sincere ac
auiescence of the democratic party in
tne changes wrought by the constitu
tional amendments, they do not regard
that party as sufficiently identified in
its views and purposes with the objects
of those amendment to guard them
against the dangers of reactionary
movements. They consider the super
vision and intervention of the Federal
authority as necessary to the exercise
and protection of the rights which
these amendments guarantee to the
newly enfranchised race ot the South
and thatx should the democratic party
succeed, this necessary supervision will
be withdrawn.
I have attempted, Mr. - Chairman, to
state these views fully in order that the
southern people, the people whom 1 in
part represent here, shall be fully ap
prised ot the precise character and
force of the public opinion which bears
upon their present condition and their
future destiny. I shall endeavor as a
representative 01 the feouth to ap
preciate the value ot these grave
apprehensions.' In doing so I shall
speak as one who feels that he repre
sents in part a people who e en in their
desolation are no unimportant ele
ment in the national life; who have ac
cepted with manly sincerity the chan
ges which the war has brought; who
know that they have the cortidence of
the country to regain, but who are as
sured that, with a fuller and truer
knowledge of their condition, their
motives, and their purposes, to which
it is our duty here to contribute they
can claim and will receive, that restor
ed trust and affection which can alone
bind the great sections of this Repub
lic in the unity of the spirit and in the
bonds of peace that peace within
these days of miserable discord a 1 nost
passeth the understanding.
I believe the apprehension growing
out of the united southern support of
the democratic party 13 wholly un
founded aud should not stand in the
way ot the aspirations of a great peo
ple for progress and reform in their
government. The idea that the South
under any combination of parties will
ever again obtain the control of this
eiant Republic and wield its destinies
against the will of its mighty people is
of all ideas the most visionary and
baseless I
Sir. if such an idea has any effect
whatever with the North, no such hal
lucination inflames the imagination of
the South, the southern peple are a
prostrate people, lhey have been de
feated in war, and they have been
made to know and feel that, the sacri
fices, the humiliation and helplessness
of defeat are theirs; while the .North
have reaped the rich results of a victo
rious war, and have , interfused them
into the very elements of the national
life and constitution. Their institu
tions, -political aqd social, have been
destroyed as completely as if an earth
quake had overwhelmed them; their
agricultural industries are disorganiz
ed; their fertile sou sterilized by an all
devouring taxation; their educational
institutions languishing; their popu
lation impoverished and so inferior in
numbers as to nlacathem ia averv de
partment of the govern ni eft 6 in such a
hopefess minority that, so far from
ruling the interests of other sections,
they are 10) potent to protect a single
interest Or right ti their own. -
oir, even 11 such a dream were in
their mind, the occasion for it is gone
The conflicts in the past grew out of
questions connected with slavery, its
area,' td tie maintenance of its con
stitutional right, its political privileges
and its property interests. These ques
tions have been eliminated from the
problem 'of American politics, and
with them, have gone all the -.passions
and antagonisms t& which ! they gave
rise. Nor is there any influence cr in
cident connected with their, present
condition which makes them not fully
homogeneous with the whole Amen
can people, nor anything, except harsh
and ungracious administrationto pre
vent their .sympathy and identity with
the interest arid destiny of the Ameri
can nation. She feels that she must
be either part of the nation or its pro
vince; must be part of the Government
or held in duress under it. With her
people national patriotism is a philos
onhy. a. moral and political -.necessity
To" Obey trie lai'8of their' country and
to recognize its authority oyer them
selves and their society as a mere mat
ter of force and compulsion and fear
would he, as, they welt know, degrad
ing to their character, As southern
men, they know that to keep up the
high moral standard of a high-spirited
people obedience must emanate from
patriotic love and not from ignoble
i'ear.v Tf?fir very sectionalism, which
haTf hitherto terided to icsulation.n'ow
identifies the in with the national' life
and makes them cultivate that Wider
ana broader patriotism which is co
extensive with the Union. They have
no aspirations not:hounded by ' the
horizon of that Union, no purpose ad
verse to tne national instincts, no
scheme that looks to the disturbance
of : the elective franchise as it exists
in the Constitution.
In acting united with the democrat
lc partv they are simnly obevine the
imperative law of self-preservation, It
is not that they desire to reverse the
policy Of this Government as fixed and
fortified in the fundamental law by the
victorious forces of the JLinion.butsim
ply because tbey desire to escape from
the pratical-grievances and sufferings
which the "hostile and oppress ve poll
cy of the republican party brings upon
them. . i . .- - . -
No. sir: the great constituency of
democratic administration, as must be
seen by consulting the statistics of
population, will ,be nationali; and ho
sectiqnaL, The President will be
responsibilities of thecommon govern
ment, according to the measure 01 nr
resources and population.
, Equally unfounded, 1 think, sir, is
the apprehension that the results ' of
the war as embodied m the constitu
tion are unsafe in the hands of the de
mocratic party. . Whatever may be the
uture administration of this country,
reedom, citizenship and suffrage : are
established institutions, embodied in
the fundamental law, recognized in all
statutes, Federal and State, enforced
by courts, accepted and acted on by the
people. To say that these conditions
will be periled by trusting them to the
party which opposed their original es
tablishment, is to contradict the phil
osophy of history: and it acted upon
would, m every Xree government keep
the administration of its affairs always
in thehands of one single party. There
has not been a siegle great measure in
the constitutional history of England,
not a single great reform which after
its establishment by one party was not
in the course of time, and a vry short
The gentleman's ground- as J under-
Bioou,,was tnat a Dooy 01 mat sort
pom posed of people speaking the Span
ish language (not because tbey spoke
that language, but because; they could
not read or write the English) was as a
bodyf unfit and disqualified, to dis
cbarge the duties of American citizen
ship, and therefore a community
should not be admitted into our Fed
eral system.
Sir, but the other day a distinguish
ed Senator from the Pacific coast made
a m ost striking i protest against the
further immigration of Chinese into
the community there', " aad still more
recently both parties seemed to be vy
ing with each other as to which should
go furtherest in preyenting this admix
ture of the Mongolian race with ours.
To illustrate the disturbing .force of
this measure, -let-us suppose that in
the six New England States and the
States of New York, and New. Jersey,
whose population corresponds most
nearly to that of our Southern States,
in one night 4.UUU.UU0 of unaccuetom
The Chairman . .If there is n0ob.
jection the gentleman's time will L
extended. oe
There was no objection.
jt.r. linrair. now, sir, in a sneivi
which this gentleman made in Indian !
ueiore tnese people became invest
with any political rights here i8 hu
language: , 18
I believe that in the
"laves jost freed from bondage there should
be a period of probation and vreparatlnn w.
fore they are brought to the exercise of Toii'
tical power. What u their condi
. 1 1
milfht liv nrtm In m Ikiw... A - .
perhapi not one in five hundred is worth
in property of any klad. 15
TO BE CONCLUDED T0-M0EE0W.
period placed in the hands of the party ed, incongruous population, euch as
originally opposed to it. Eepeated in-1 Mexican! jwd Chinese", should be in
stances might be given; indeed no in-1 cofporated into the political system of
stance to the contrary can be found, those Commonwealths, and by some
The repeal of the corn laws, the great paramount power outside of those
measures for law reform, the more r.er States should be so compacted togeth-
cent measures of parliamentary reform ejr as to gain Cohtrol bf all thl depart
which brought .England to the verge
of revolution and came near sweeping
from the English constitution the
House of Lords, where the tory party
had its greatest strength, have by the
suffrages of the English people over
and over again been placed in the
hands of that tory party with perfect
confidence of security. Indeed , it is
considered the very highest policy, af
ter securing reforms adopted and push
ed by the party of progress, to mature
and consolidate them by placing them
in the hands of the party of conserva
tion opposition. The democratic party
when these measures were proposed,
stood by the inviolability of the con
stitution and opposed them on that
account. But this very principle of
devotion to the Constitution, which
forced that party into opposition,
makes them now the safest custodians
of those very innovations which by the
vote of the people have become estab-
ished parts of the Constitution itself
. Now, sir, is there anything in the
relation of the democratic party, to
this subject, or its creed, or its past
conduct which would justify any such
apprehension ? Its reluctance to adopt
the measure referred to has simply
been a little later than that of the re
publican party. Its advocacy of slav
ery and all its incidents, its pledges to
the exercise ot the powers of govern
ment for its protection where it exist
ed, was simply maintained for a short
period after its republican opponents
changed their policy.
Eventi have galloped upon this sub
ject and both parties have been more
or less the subjects of prodigious revo--lutions
of sentiment. It was but a
short time since,' in 1861, that a repub
lican House of Representatives by a
large majority adopted resolutions in
favor of the enforcement ot the fugitive-slave
provision of the Constitu
tion and called upon the States to en
act laws for remanding all fugitive
slaves to their condition of servitude-
It was but a few days prior to the pub
lication ot the proclamation of eman
cipation that the illustrious author of
that historical document declared in a
public letter that he would be in favor
of establishing slavery if the doing so
would save the Union. It was but a
short time previous to '"the incorpora
tion of these great amendments into
our Constitution that State after State
dl- jLuur comruumg : wjnen ODStruqt
the tendencies of the people to change
their rflrlnainiBt.ro flvn rf :rrnvami-nar4
hensions that an y improvement infffielOrie bf therhfifc th&'irjfirerw&i
iaigo vioaa uji voters uuat uie presiaen-
ofventyfth country's: iexistce I The
vJ-But, bit, there are pother; influences Vice-President 'will come -from J the
. X
wax elecuon juyofves not mereiv Ques
tions of administrative reformi tut poi
litical principles Of vital importance to
the country. They believe - that the
great social "and politicarransforma
tipfis; hi th Suthyhch;hve resulte4
from the war of secession should be
guaranteed a successful and Peaceful
ments of their government, of all the
offices; all the 'institutions, Stale and
municipal in a word, invested with
the entire sovereignty of their body
politic, I aek you would not the repose
of society , be disturbed would not all
assurance of law, of healthful industry,
of business arrangements and invest
ments would not all confidence give
way to dismay ; and perplexity, to rest-
less iears, wua passions, and moody
scenes? Why, sir, the more splendid
their political civilization, the more
complex their System of laws, and the
more perfectly adjusted their social
and economic forces, and the higher
the moral tone 6f their society! the
more hideous would be the ruin and
the more refined the agony of the peo
pie subject to such a catastrophe.
Uut the case as supposed is not as
strong as the case which actually oc
curred in the Southern States. The
4,000,000 of people who by a scratch of
the pen were-made citizens and crush
ed into our political system, the 800,'
000 yoter.8 and office-holders and legis
lators and magistrates, had just emerg
ed from the immemorial condition of
slaves
This fearful experiment was regard
ed by thinking men all over the world
with the profoundest concern and mis
giving. It was viewed with disfavor
by a large majority even of Jthe repub
lican party. Its most able and its most
extreme leaders looked upon it as com
mitting society to the sway of ignor
ance, servility, corruption, and tyran
ny; and such was their sentiment until
th conflict of? the republican party,
with President Johnson and one other
cause, which I shall notice before !
close, seemed to sweep away eery con
sideration of reason and justice. In
1865, the year in which there was in the
South certain legislation which has
been the subject of much denuncia
tion of, the . South , and the occasion
and excuse for the Oppressive and hu
miliating methods which have been
applied to her pepple--r say in that
year Mr. O Y Morton in a message to
the Legislature of Indiana used the fol
lowing language:
It is a fact so manifest that it should not
be called in question by any that a people
who are just emerging from the barbarism
of slavery are not qualified to become s part
of oar political system and take part not
only in the government of themselves and
L.W. PERDUE,
McMuERAY a Davis' Old Stand.
Roasted off
ee,
io, Jsvjp, Leguayia 4 Mocha.
SUGAR
)Cut Loaf, Crushed, GnmuUtul
Powdered, Standard A
I 1 tr t .
v-- f ju vuu i enow.
FLOUR FalJCy Ff!,,i,J Pout a ?fcialty.
. ' 1 Hame, Bacon, Dried
MEATS and LARDS Beef, Beef locgue?
u '' j. . . J Gfnntd Bee, 8 & 1 c
"J8ALM0N, SARDIKES and LOBSTERS.
1 Peaches, Tom atofrs
CANNED 100D8 porn,PineappIt8,btarch
J French Mustard.
A FULL L1E OFPIfKLE!,
SAUCEP, MACARONI 81 ICE, GLOVES,
. GEOTJND PEPPER.
JELLIES, BRANDY PEACHES,
BRANDY-CHERRIES,
BASING POWDBBS,
Royal Patapsco, Bumfords and Sea Foam.
TEA,
Choice
Black and Green, Oolong,
Hyson and Imperial.
Yoiiiic
in the North bvoverwhelming popular "eir .neighbors, bat, of the whole Uaited
an inflexible hostility to granting to hsaremenforallofournationalillflldoubt
tuia lie w IV uniauuiuuLCu iuic tttij ui
whether it is a retoed v for anv. and ratlinr h
the rights of citizenship. As late as liretethatitsenfbrcemettt' by Oongress would
18(55 the most distinguished war eov- I be more likely to subiect the neero to a merei
ernors of the North were unequivocal- lVssPersec,1tiori-thSto to"cbn fee upon him any
ly opposed to the policy of iocorpora-i8Bs,Iltia, J? ' .." ' ' ':
;n; r : By soraeit w 4honght that auffraceis al-
yicePresident 'will come fro d3 I the
mighty West.-!t iThe public sentiment
whichtwillbe brought tobearjupon its
conduct of Dublic affairs will come from
that quarter in which, the physical and
political power t?f the country so over
whelmingjy preponderates, that which
Is the seat of population, commerce,
the mechanic arts',' and all scientific
and m aterial development. AIL the
Souvfx can hope for is such an influence
a moral ."and intellectual elevation
will give her representatives and a re
presentative share of the benefits land
slaves into the political system of the
country and investing them with citi
zenship and the right of voting.
I will next address myself to the ob
jection that the accession to power of
the democratic party will suspend the
habitual supervision by national au
thority over the conduct of affairs in
the Southern States, and that such a
suspension of that supervision and in
tervention .will involve great peril to
the enjoyment of the newly acquired
rights of the race recently enfranchis
ed in the South; and that the republi
can party, with all its misconduct and
mi8government, is still an evil necessa
ry to be endured for another presiden
tial term in order to secure these rights
and the conditions upon which th
are based.
Sir, I ask a patient, charitable con
sideration of the reply which it is my
duty as a southern Representative to
make cm this subject. I think, sirif the
gentlemen1 will aecompanjr.me into an
examination of the causes which pro
duced the present condition of things
in the South, they wUt;find that it does
not grow out of any natural or neces
sary conflict of race or any desire to
abridge the rigbts.'political or persona),
of any class of American citizens.
The first to which I would call atten
tion is the sudden incorporation into
the political system of the South of an
element, not only incongruous with
the political habitudes of our people
and to the established conditions of
their old society, but impossible ex
cept through time and education to be
raised to that level of ordinary citizen
ship to which a century's training of
freedom has elevated the white citizen
of the country. ; The magnitude alone
of this new element, 4,000,000 of people
made citizens, 800,000 of them voters,
made such in the twinkling ef an eye,
was of itself sufficient to shock and
shatter the political order of any com
munity on earth. s:
.... Mr. Chairman, but a short time since
when it was proposed to admit the dis
tant and sparsely settled Territory of
New Mexico' into our Federal commu
nity of States, the distinguished gentle
man from Massachusetts,1) Mrf Hoar,
who addressed the House to-day so
impressively and so earnestly, objected
strenuously to the measure upon the
greund that that feeble population of
120,000 inhabitants, largely composed
of Mexicans and Indians, because they
could not read' or speak, the English
language,' was ' disqualified to exercise
the privileges of citizenship, and should
not .therefore be .admitted into the
community of American States.. ; -.;!
, Mr. Hoar. My point was that a com
munity made up of such people ought
hot to be admitted as a State : not that Malt Hop Tonic.
tne maiviuuai snouia not do auowea
to exercise the rights of citizenship.
Mr. Lamar. Did the gentleman un
derstand me as saying that ? : ?M 1
Mr; Hoar..,. .The gentleman: used, the
ph.rase that such -persons were. dis
franchised orBhould. be disfranchised
from exercising the rights of citizen
ship. " "
Mr. Lamar. No, sir; the gentleman
puts into' my mouth a word which I
did not use. r - ' j
the immediate transfer of more than half a
million men from the bonds ot slavery, with
all the ignorance and the degradation npon
them which the slavery of generations upon
outhjern fitlds has produced,, would be a
fleclrationjto heworltf that the exercise of
American st f&age invofveslio intellectual or
moral qnahhcations, ami that there is no
difference between an American freeman
and an American slave which may not be
removed by a mere act of Congress.
Here the hammer fell.
Mr. Chairman."-The time: of the
gentleman has expired -: '
Mr. Garfield. I ask that the gentle
man's time may be extended, hoping
that the same courtesy may be granted
when the other side shall ask to be
heard.
LBuckete, Tub, Broomp,v Bruthe?,
Basket?,Smok'g Tobacco.Cigare large assort
ment of Chewing Tobacco TEN DIFFER
ENT BRANDS.
ang6
Edward Gronau,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
Of Baltimore,
WILL visit Charlotte shortly for the pur
poseof taking orders for CLOTHING,
and will be glad to have his friends1 call on
him. july25 tf.
Trusses.
THE largest and bett selected Stoc k of
Trasses in the Slate of North Caroliim,
jast received at SCARR A CO'd.
ju!27 - Drng 8tore.
NO N.E SUC H
O OliB B AS 1 8 .
HORNETS' NEST,
: :k q" - 4 - -. - a .
TOBACCO.
MANUFACTURED BY
miller'&leAk,
CHABLOTTE, N. C.
autC
J Spices;-Spices.
ANOTHER consit-nmcnt of those fine
English Spices, lor sale at
SCARR fe CO S,
jul27 Drug Store.
FIRE INSURANCE.
T ONDON Assurance Corporation" "Niagara" "Geoig. flome" "National" "01i
JJ North 8tate" "Lynchburg Insurance and Banking Company" "Firemen's Fund '
"Royal" "North. America." E NYE HUTCHISON & SON. Agenta,
: i : . ; Office 2nd Story Parks' Building, Tryon Street.
novl2 ' - ' ; 5 i, - 5?
M18CELLAWEO US A D V E K T I 8 E M E IV T 8 .
JULY 1 7 T H . 1876
E WILL OFFER SOME VERY CHEAP GOODS : SUCH AS WHITE COOD8,
.
COLLARS AND CUFFS, RIBBONS, CLOTHING, SUMMER CAFSI MERES, SHEET-
TV
INGS AND SHIRTINGS, SHOES, Ac,
WE INTEND TO SELL THESE GOODS AS LOW AS ANY HOUSE IN THE
CITY CALL AND SEE THESE CHEAP GOODS.
' .VERY RESPECTFULLY,
MiEEAKDEE & 0'.
jtillG
LAGER BEER,
W I N ES, ALES AND PORTER,
FOBEIGIsr AJSTTZ DOMESTIC,
Mr.JIoar, I so understood .the gen
tleman. , , ' " -.
Mr..Laman ,1 repeat my proposition.
13.50 per dozen,
30 centsiTJer feottief
BELFAST
GINGER
ALE,
$2.00 per do.
.il.
m "ft-. 20 cts pr boie
LUDWI0 & FI8CHESSER, Tryon Street