-' I
S00I1 and goft gtiutttio
TBI CBSEBYXlf JOB Iwff tottEW
Ije (Jljarlotte bsmier.
aXTBSOUlPTIOlf SATES :
uottv, o vw. post-paHR wiv. $8 00
izMbntos...: : 400
hrtt Month 100
One Month 7B
WEEKLY EDITION :
Weekly, in the county) w adwmee S2 00
Out of the county, pctpad, 2 10
8ix Month , 1 00
HasbeenUwtxwghly stmoUed wttaeven
TO km won tl tabs style Type.
rami on now be Ana win
Majt abort DoUee,
BULIHa, BTLL-BXAJfl. " ' "rr:
LXTTXBrBZJLDS, CARDS, ' ;' " f" '
.u;
CHARLOTTE, N. C.V SUNDAY, JULY 10, 1881.
VOL. XXV.
NO. 3,843.
- Liberal BeOticttontjor Olmim.
ytfjl in
fff&
0
ANOTHER LOT OF
mm
MUSMS
A Perfect Corset at Last.
No More ; Broken WMIeboneS
After spending over twelve thousand" dollars lri
experiments, Dr. Warner has perfected a material
for boning corsets called
COR ALINE
Which Is vastly superior to hoin or. whalebone.
FOR SALE BY
Alexander & Harris.
un30
1881 Spring Stock 1881
We are dally receiving our
SPRING STOCK
ITS ADVANTAGES ABE:
FIRST. It cannot be broken. A reward of 85
will be paid for every corset In which the Corallne
breaks, with six months ordinary wear.
SECOND. It is more pliable than whalebone
and adapts Itself more readliy to the movements
of the body.
THIRD. It Is not affected by cold, heat or mois
ture. FOURTH. It Is the cheapest and most service
able corset ever made.
THE CORALINE CORSKT Is made throughout
of superior materials, and Is warranted In every
respect If not found entirely satisfactory, the
purchase money will be refunded. Ask for
Dr. Warner s Abdominal Corset,
With extension front Unequaled for beauty, ele
gance and style. And
Dr. Warner's Nursing Corset,
The only perfect nursing corset In the market.
Ask for Dr. Warner's
CROSS-BONED HIP CORSET.
We have the exclusive sale in this market of
the above corsets, and will be pleased to have the
trade Inspect them. T. L. 8EIGLE A CO.
Jun5
HUflixal.
A DELICIOUS DRINK
For Use in Families, Hotels,
Clubs, Parties, Etc.
B00WI01
which will be more complete than ever before
and comprises the
Best Brands i Latest Styles.
LADIES', MISSES', CHILDREN'S,'
GENTS', BOIS', AND YOUTHS'
FINE BOOTS! SHOES
isp riiiiH.
A SPCECIALTY.
Lower grades all goods In our line In variety and
all prices.
FULL STOCK
STETSON HATS,
and a pretty line
Straw Hats, Trunks, Valises & Satchels,
ALL SIZES AND BRICKS.
Call and see us.
PEGRAM & CO.
feb20 1
TIBS
J
ST
RECEIVED
SOME
Lawns
PHYSICIANS, CLERGYMEN, AND
THE AFFLICTED EVERYWHERE.
THE GREATEST MEDICAL
TRIUMPH OF THE AGE.
. i SYMPTOMS OF A
TORPID LIVER.
Loss of appetite.yauBea.bowels costive,
theHead.witba dull aensaUon in
ok parte Pain wader tke shoulder
Made, rvalues after eating witb.diain-
Fainln
liheba&k
. 1 " 'itoTlmeto'ttaM;,",
Begone with feofl! Away with strife 1
Oui human hearts unmatlng:
Let us be friends again 1 This life
Is all too short for hating!
So dull the day, ao dim the way.
Bo rough the road we're faring
Far better weal with faithful friend.
Than atalk alone nncarlne,
The barren flgi the wlUieretl vine
i oi Kinan
;dve:U
Renew their life by giving.
Aretmes
But socufl that
Aiflah 11 vine:
Woo anno aua nuns,
While cypress waves rer early graves,
On all the way we're going, ,
Far better plant where seed is scant,
Than tread on fruit that's growing. ,
Away with seoml Since die we must,
And rest on one low plHow;
There are no rivals m the dust
No foes beneath the willow.
0o dry the bowers, so few the flowers
Our earthly way dlselosee,
Far better stoop where daisies droop
Than tramp o'er broken roses! .
Of what are all the Joys we hold
use
ower, and gold,
Compared to Joys above us ?
what are rank, and power,
Compared. to hearts thai love us?
And
So fleet our years, eo foil of tears,
no eioseiy aeatn u waiting;
God gives us space for loving grace,
But leaves no time for bating.
".
OBSERVATIONS.
How to prevent snoring: Go to bed at 12
o'clock, and get up at 80 minutes before one.
bteubenvllle Herald.
A fthlftfenn. whan RtrinMd of its ulumsee. Is said
to be dressed. The girls of the ballet resemble
the chicken in this respect, though they are not
all chickens In years. Boston Transcript.
Several Tex ms are In lail at LeadvlHe.i fe
have alwaTs observed that no matter where Tex
ans may be, they move In the very best society the
place has. Texas siiongs.
One of the boys asked young Brown If his girl's
father was much "Dut out" when he asked him
for his daughter. "Oh, no," said Brown; "he
didn't appear to be put out, but be put me out In a
nurry." znewarK v&a.
A man who was fishing for trout In the Tlonesta
years ago, so t be story runs, caught his hook on a
baer of uold. and broueht It safelr to shore. As he
looked at the gold he said: "Just my luck; never
could catch any nsh."
"I sav. when does this train leave ?" "What are
you asking me for? Go to the conductor; I'm the
engineer." "I know you're the engineer; but you
mleht eive a man a civil answer." '-Yes, but I'm
no civil engineer."
Percy Bysshe Shelly Flnchback, the St Louis
PmtniRnittah ravs. nlared nokar tilth a colored
clemman at St. Louis recently, and bet $1,700
on three queens and a pair of aces. In Louisiana
this would have been safe, but the St Louis eler-
evman. Rev. Mr. Tanner by name, held four duces.
and the clergyman's church debt has been re
duced by $1,700.
"When we are married, Lucy," said
man's son to the rich man's daughter.
evmoon shall be nassed abroad. We will
the Bols, promenade the Prada, gaze down into
the blue waters of the Adriatic from the Rlalto,
and enjoy the Neapolitan sunsets, strolling along
the Chlaja." "How delicious." she murmured.
"but John, dear, have you money enougn ro no au
this, for pa says I mustn't expect anything until he
dies." John's countenance underwent such a
chance that she couldn't helD asklne him if he
felt sick. . "No, darling," he answered faintly, "I
am not sick. 1 was only thinking that perhaps
we had better postpone the marriage until after
the funeral." Brooklyn Eagle,
Butont
GRAVES fe SOUS.
The "Hub Punch" has Utely been introduced. m4
meet with marked popular favor. i
It is Warranted to Contain-onfg flw
F Best of Liquors, United with
Choiee Fruit Juices and
Granulated Sugar.
It is ready on opening, and will be fonnd an agreeable
addition to the cboio thine which undeniably enlarge
the pleasures of life and encourage good fellowship ana
good nature if rightly enjoyed.
GOOD AT ALL
Just the Thing to Keep in Wine Cell;
Sideboards not Complete Without Hub Punch.
It can be used Clear or with Fresh
Milk, Ice, Soda, or Hot Water,
Lemonade, or with Fine Ice,
to Suit the Taste.
Sold by leading Wine Merchants, Grocers, Hotel aad
Druggist everywhere.
Trade supplied at manufacturers prices by WI1
son & Burwell, Wholesale and Retail Druggists
Charlotte, N. C."
Jan. 23-eod-om.
TOOTHS
POHLS
Judge Scbenck on tbi Liquor Carie.
The following letter from Judge
Schenck will show what liquor drink
ing does for North Carolina:
Lincolnton, N. C, May 2, 1881.
, Prof. W, C. Kerr :
Dsab Sib: Your letters inquiring
jwlxatiJer centage of crime, itf my opin
ion. was attributable directly r indi-
rectiT to the intemperate use or ardent
spirits, nas Deen received, a w at
the Dar from 185G to 1874, ana naa a
large practice on the criminal side of
the docket. From 1874 to 1881, I was
0De of the Judges of the Superior
Courts of North Carolina and traversed
the State from one end of it to the oth
er, and, therefore, my opportunities for
observation and reflection on this sub
ject have been ample. I give you my
deiiDerate opinion mat tuny seventy
five per cent, of all crime, in this-State,
is attributable to intoxication by spir
ituous liquors, and that of the crimes
characterized bv violence the proptorv
tion is even larger. I add to this that
very much of civil litigation originated
in this fruitful source or evil.
The taxes raised from the sale of
spirituous liquors do not amount to
! one-fourth the money paid out by the
people in court costs, jail fees, lawyers'
fees, and other, expenditures Incident
J V - 1" M iL . I I 1
i so toe execution oi tuo cniuia iaw,
ana tnree-iourtns or tnese expenses, as
LlJteore stated, are chargeabjfeto whis
kev. " i
Now add to this the moral ruin; the
sociar destruction, and the political cor
ruption whiskey produces, and the 'com
putation is appalling to every virtuous
and sober mind. I have no doubt that
the statistics you can gather from the
inmates of our jails and penitentiary
will confirm all l have written; ;
Very truly yours, :
D. Schenck.
THB COfTEEVE Dttl9HU . .1
ii Yi.C! f:).'t")J f.'i 1.,'OV I'' A h'
When UO fwOBejrf jrctlf;ain 1
Into H tJlo Siriictle) it HstoU
We all rinkr ceffeeV ay Enelisb
society paper;, and yet prbbably few of:
us Know, pr are curious to learn, now
and, When thUr1 popular beverage came
into use. . But, as in the ease ; of ; other
things in general demand for the table,
it is worth while to have some acquain
tance with their introduction and his
tory. As regards coffee, it seems never
to have found a place in England dur
ing the reigns or .Elizabeth and tne first
James reigns so prolific in discovery.
and so marked by additions to what we
eat and drink. It had been heard of,
for Lord Bacon, in a passage which Dr.
Johnson quoted in his dictionary, says:
"They have in Turkey a drink called
coflee, made or a berry of -tne same
name, as black as Boot and of a strong
scent; but not aromatical, hicb they
take beaten into powder, in water, as
hot as they can drink it. This drink
cbmf orteth the brain :- and heart and ,
helDeth 'diirestrOTj.' The earliest ac
count of -fts actual use this -country
is said td be that given by' ihthony A.
Wood, who tells us that "one Jsathaoiel
Cahopins, a natite of retej an4 resi
dent in- Balliol Gbllege; )xfordwhich
he quitted in 1048, was in the haBtt'of
using a Deverage caiiea'coiiev. wnicti
he prepared for himself, being the first
of that kind, as the-ancients of the
house declared, that was ever drank in
Oxon. We learn from the same author
that "in 1650, Jacoh, a. Jew, opened a
coffey house at the Angel, in the parish
of St. PeteF-in-t'he-Ea8t, Oxon, and
there it was, by some who delighted in
noreltie, drank, in 1624 Ulrques Job-,
son, a Jew and a Jacobite, txyrn near
Mount liibanus, sold coney in Oxon,
and in 1665 : Arthur Tilry ard apothe
cary, sold cqffey pttblkHy in bis house
against All somes joiiege. xne coney
house continaed till ,Bis Majestie's re
turne and after, and then became more
frequentrnd-'nati -excise put upon
coffey." - An English. work, based upon
liecktnann a "History of inventions,
mentions some of the preceding details,
and adds from "A New View of Lon
don," published in 1708, the record that
-one James J? arr, a Darner, , wno Kept
the coffee house which is now The
Rainbow, , by the Inner Temple Gate,
one of the oldest in England, was. in
w the year 1657, presented EfctM inquest
fdrtwin of St. Dunstan's-ih-the-WestfQj mak
ing and selling a sort or riqqOTCoifeeto
tne great nuiBance ana prejnaice or tne
neighborhood.' Who could then, have
a. -w- -eJ
tnougnt AiOnaon wouia ever nave naa
near three thousand such, nuisances,
and that coffee would have, been, as
now, so much drankby the best of
quality and physician? It is further
stated that the first mentioned cqffee in
our statute books occurs in the year, of
the restoration of King Charles 11,
1660: but this proves how rapid and
great had been, the increase in its con
sumption. , There is ample evidence of
its having been in common use very
soon after the date just mentioned.
Bons Organ maker at war !
McSMITH is happy and still sells nothing but from
reliable makers. :
SPECIAL SUMMEB OFtfB.
CASH PRICES AND THREE MONTHS CREDIT.
500 PIANOS AND ORGANS
HAND AND CONTRACTU) FOB THAT
MUST BJ CLOSED OUT BY OCT. 1.
'' " ' I "'"'
And balance when cotton comes In. JULY.
AUuUdT AND SEPTEMBER
A LITTEEfmSH DOWN,
- LOWK3T CASH PRICES, and balance In 3 months, WITHOUT INTEREST.
$10 & m OKSll ON ORGANS AND PIANOS.
YOU CAN BUY THE
Chiiiiering Piano and Mason & Hamlin Organ.
Chlekeilngleads the world for good Pianos, and the Mason and Hamlin Is the monarch oi all organs.
Sheet music and everything In the music line,
prices, etc , dve ss
umi
A good tuner and
repairer always on band. For
H. McSMITH, Charlotte, N. C.
a
liiiation to exertion of body orjmind,
Irritability of temper, Tiovr spirits, Aioaa
AT-fl 4c ALSO,
of memory, with a feeling qf paying peg
rinttering of the neajrt. vox por9 tn
eyes. Yellow Skin, Headache, BeatleBs
. - . - m i m m - a
Hoop S
V
FItOM 50c UP.
Hit
July8.
iraves;fillielm
ness at nignt, nigniy ooiorea vnne 't.,' -
SERIOUS DISEASES WILL SOON BE DEVELOPED.
TTJTTS FILLS are especially adapted to
sueb, oases, one dose ffects such a change
o feeling as to astonish the sufferer. '
They Increase the Apvtlsv and can
bddy to Take w Flaata, thos the ytm la
. noortmha,andby thUTleAlfcanh
icd. Price V Tf. SA Mwrrmy af.Y.
S HAIR DYE.
Geat Haib or WHisxms changed to a Otqair
Black by a single application or this Pyx. it
Imparts a natural color, acts Instantaneously.
Sold by Druggist, or snt by exprtss oo rceaipt of l.
OfTlce, 35 Murray St., New York.
Pt. TtTTS MAXL'AL of Yalmhk. Infomathn ni a .
Feby. 23 deod&wl
TUTT
"Worth One's Weiglit In Gold."
To be "worth one's weight in gold" is
flatterine testimony of individual
worth, and this must be some consola
tion, the St. James Gazette thinks, to
the unfortunate persons who fallj itrto
the hands of the brigands. Thei5i
000 paid as ransom for Mr. Suter repre
sents 264 pounds of eold, whereas that
gentleman' weight probably does "not i
exceed 154 pounds; while 211 pounds
weight of gold was given for Ckl.S&rrrge,
who ean be but little short of 35 poi(ntia
heavier thatf Mr. Snter. Statistically
considered, this is a striking increase
in the price of human lire in tne brig
and market, and indicates an alarming
increase of 'confidence in those-who, ia
commercial language, are styled the i
detenteurs, or holders. It is all the
more striking on looking back to past
transactions. About 1853 Dr. iSfao
Craith. of Smyrna, who weighed at
that period about 145 pounds, was ran
somed from brigands for 400. or?
pounds' weight of gold. In 1867 Mr,
Alfred VatfLennep.of Smyrna, Jweigh-
ing about 150 pounds, was ransomed
rot 1,500, or 29 pounds weight of gold.
Thus m 1853 the brigands coma : com
mand, about 55s. 2d. per pound for their
captives, while in laar? the price :had
nseivto 200s. per po una. XBut this is:
nothing to the subsequent increase.
Col. Synge's captors obtained M43s, per.
pound, ana those or Mr. &mer ij4s. i
per pound. In the hands of brigands
acautive is now worth, according :to
the latest Quotation, nearly 1.72 times
his weight in gold. It should, however, ;
be remembered twit as civilization ad
vances human life becomes, mori py.e-
Cious, even in the eves .of brigands.
Roanoke .Cbltege,
rpWBNTY-NINTH 8KSS10N begins Septembef
JL 7th. Classical, Bclentlttc, Klectire and Prepar
atory courses. French and German spoken In
class-room. Library 16,000 volumes. Instruction
thorough, unsec tartan. Churches of five denomi
nations. Climate unsurpassed. College surround
ed by mountains, txpenses for 10 months from
$160 to $220 (Including college fees, boardv Tuel,
lights and washing.) Students from all sections.
Catalogue free. Address,
T . 8BC&&TABY OP 7ACTJLTT.
Julya.deod.wlmo. .. , i VT
HONEST 7
Twin( Chewing Tokacco
Beware of Imitations. None genine unless ae
coinnanled with our "Honest V copy-righted label J
which will be found on head of every box. t
Manufactured only by bhuwh e sau. r
teb20 Winston. N Of;
1 w
The Doctor fintckd ft.
Phlladelph Be cord", "
WafihirtfrtteWiwi
canvaaje
City Lot for Sale Cheap.,
THH Lot on the comer of Ninth street and the
North Carolina BaUroad. frontlne 140 feet on
Ninth street and 198 feet on the North Carolina
BaUroad.' will either be sold as a whole or divided
I Into two lots of 70 by 198 feet emtable ettherjflXv
Duumngoriactorypurposea.
JS7
tne eaf nestoi,ine wuKina
piiiteUVigMiatei
hiHfeon-vcseeriiifcWOh."
r ra-.- -; ------ - - - l
ttHHeonTalesenc&isalI
immmmm
f lyiLiWfly-iDklcfaS
The doetorifleaUaaedhimi ai
had keen hauttallrtiostlTe f6r
Udnen were disordered tarn hi
rangedjpdoeTWoTtiwas
ftfthrniuutaafnon a short ui
waiFreriioTeTheSelje s az
from
CarQeld
ondition. but
ds us of the
Tarr, one of
s. a sym-
ulated.lim on
said Jim,
over with : the
tor inta weeK
iApDU to i I brtffls meoicnir-(mth-t
BO.
ard-worklng matt
nd found that he
years, that nm bUr
s wnoie system e
recommended, and
ne eTerrwoawe
frnjei power-
JL Fery Vnjaat Cntom.
American Agriculturist:
'tames is naturally smart, ana we
are going to give him an education,
perhaps make a lawyer or minister of
him.'' . "George don't seem to get along
wen, wnn ma dooks-ib xatner anil
and we shall make a farmer of him."
We have heard talk just like this, and
the majority , of people act upon this
principle. It is rank cruelty-rank in
justice, at any rate. It is giving to the
rich and withholding from the poor.
If through the fault ot his parent, or
otherwise, George is less endowed with
intellectual gifts, he should have all the
more done for him to make up a natu
ral defect, by culture, by discipline, by
exercise of the mind, and thus place
him upon a par with a more gifted
brother. If a youth dislikes arithmetic
or any particular branch of study or
thinking, it shows a deficiency in that
faculty, which culture and study should
make up, ana thus proauce a well-balanced
mind. We abominate the whole
system of "elective studies," now so
popular in some schools and j col
leges, which allows a scholar to mainly
cultivate those mental powers, in which
hhe'.is already inost proficient. , A rigid
coarse or diverse stuay, luannea; to ae
veldp6 uniformly the' various faenlties
of the xqihd, is the ona which will turn
out the pest and most useful men, Af
ter a rood ceneral erouna-worklsthUs
laid,, and the thinking faculties are well
and unifothily, developed,: the ifinal
study may be directed- to sorne specific
line, that will be reahiredlii a particu-
Iat business, or.profesaional'Uff.
Elecuicst KxperlmeBt.
The approach of -Uie Electrical Ex
hibition at Paris seems already to have
instilled an unusual degree of vigor in
to all the electrical developments. ' Ex
periments were recently - made ait the
Grand- Opera :in l the- transmission
through the microphoneof the musical
part of the represeatatieni withsulta
uiau anruraeiiuKu ia uitu Ycuvus, ; xne
modulatibnBf the-vdiee ahd the! con
certed pieces were distinctly heard and
distinguished, to the adtnirelion of the
distant audience; A: demOnstratioa of
this character is expected to form a
regular feature at theconaing Electrical
ExhitJlt. trherepwiai hail will be
provided whence visitors will be able
to enjoy the epreehtatians at the
Opera : House withoutleavingthe place.
Ld Natbar fr6sestlie:dy:;whenr music
will be sent around Jay: the-wires : to as-sembly-rooms,
and iwe. wiil.vbe able td
"turn it on"-by adjusting a commutator,
as we nowa gee: cwacer, ny turning a
faucet-- rS.-.ilL him u)::-. jh.: 2oi.-:; i
A imrd ratrtf or Feminine Gentler.
A white woman, a stranger in the
city, and wha jngists. upon it that she
has juat arrived Jiere from the: -city of
liooaewaaarre&ted. andlodged. in the
guard; housey-yesterday .afternoon' by
OfiBoer-Marsh Walker.,. Bheis eTldent
ly a. victim o i dissipation,; an wckild
yeryi reaaiiy.ne. taken - for mtn It
dressed in the proper t apparel,. -hiving
quite a well jqevtiopkl beard on 'her
chin, fehe inreatenj dire vu eneaupon
those who restrained her of her liberty,
and is especially severe in her ' strict
ures upon. Puticeman "Xo. 0," who - ar
rested her Wednesday, but subsequent
ly let her go &U further says that she
intends to recover damages to the ex
tent of ten dollars a second for every
morjnenthe is called, upon to endure
what-she:terin8 Mfalse imprisonment."
She will form art interesting subject for
investigation, before Uis llonor, the
Mayor, tblg mornings
TROUBLESOME CHILDRTCN.
&iai are'alwars-wettfBr thelf beds oaeht not to he
, apoMed and punt abed foe - what they cannot help.
Tberneed a sneaiclhO bavtog a tome effect; on the
Bdneys-and urtomganar,&Ka a medicine
ttiu vi I'm nueiuiign rawj M . i i
- iTi is uwuiXuao steer ajlb to eomoona a
temeiy ot aaerlt wlsfc'tWl ansrfc jsedtcmes now so
bOHunen i WerJtarB-naad GftriBaifs Ginger Tonle
wttu the aappleatnsalts far ixhaumatlsm and dy
nepsts, and when worn ant ay rerwgrJu and know
ft n be a sterling asaltlt restorattTe.-H-Tnnes. See
v
1 f7fruiJ.liiT i teumtB A V
Yin rciqa: ' j e?J U 1 ?
J f ' '-' 1 ' pi 'wniij j
yf t f-ffC, u (
LEADING
SPRING AND SUMMEB CASSIMEBE SUIT3--AT
GBEATLY BEDUCED PBICES. BOIS' AND CHILDREN'S SUITS AT COST.-
CALL AND SEE U3.
L
i
One Thousand Hoop Skirts,
Ajt S5 Cents.
mm DRIVE IN 0
D !
A NEW LOT OF
juste
ant
s
ere,
Very
to.
wiiruowse&f & giH,
SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS.
JUST RECEIVED A LARGE VARIETY OF
Ladies' Dress Goods and Trimmings, Lawns, Silk Handkerchiefs, Embroideries,
and Hosiery, all the latest Styles and Tery Cheap.
Corsets
ALSO, A HANDSOME STOCK OF
Ready-Made Clothing and Gents' Furnishing Goods.
ELIAS & COHEN.
Give us a call before buying.
BECKETT & MeDOWELL,
' ENGINEERS, IRON FOUNDERS & MACHINISTS,
-MANUFACTUBEBS OF
STEAM ENGINES
AND
MINING MACHINERY
CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION
OF MINING MACHINERY' 0" EVEHY DKSCR P
T10N AND LATEST DESIGNS. ALSO. Mi i
UVArTlTRR ANDSbLI, AGRICULTURAL
A.U IWTIK (RNrtlNES, SAW
M1LL3, C.
The manufaclnrer3 of the
CHALLENGER PORTABLE
.1: ,
CHALLENGE THE WORLD
Tn nrodoce a better engine. To show our confidence
lYttttiduM" any manufacturer
of a<araleSllnes' not fitted wtth an , uuf onat 1c
cutoff, to a compeUtlve test at a forfeit of $..00 io
81,000, as may be desired.
JaljQ
HNJ&. YOUNG, AjPllDge Street, between Trade andifth.
' 1 u:U-V NEW YORE OFFICE, &i 7, COUBTLjANIiT SX, I BRARCH OFFICE, CHABLOXXSf N. C. I WORKS, ARI
ARLINGTON,
isj a -in Si' -iii iti,....f ;i