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W i-siir-?:. - ?-3? '-Tm th BtanforiL :
; THis WQBT OF SECESSION. 'i' -1
jjl ',' .'Tt trnhM m IhntHl tinie fftr thd ilia.
- "" MB. EWTO; woum seem ma ue hums lur iua is
cmsiea of this question tad passed, were it not for the fact
; .that its advocates-i-the original secessionists as if still in
; -1! : AnAatiAn larl Miul'wH it tint (V. funi
fl"
-l a. a ..ta.,laaaaa thoii t honr vom MWMMt AM waft AiflMieattif
.. the question, with toe nun hope of satisfying their owu
v 'eonscieooes. and their deluded viotims that a such a right
-rUteA tinder the Co&stitutioB of the United States.
'i.-Especially may this be :ssid of their recognised head,
President, Paris. : In almost erery Bute paper ttist has
emsuaved rem, hi3 pen since he iras just elected Peeaideut
of the nroTiaional (rorerqnient of the CenfatLerate Staties,
daektion. In hi last message to Congress, -which is the-
. i a - -1- - .1 . l I. .1 .1 .11 L U -1 -
c-'? , miisf eiaDuraieii BonoeuiBii.ui muta wicravuv t -
. " two yeara has elapsed since the right Las been exercised
''' by the seen cotton States. . In that mesae he makes a
disco-err which it is to be hoped will forever Be. -a. ease
.iiiaowa conscience,-if it does not scvtisCr hie followers;, a
,! N lisoovery of which he may jtwtly claim to be the tv-ia-rf
author; and which entirely eaoaped the observation oi U"
n.. a miniia nf tha Rcv-nliitionarv era. and which never .
-attracted the attention of any of the great American states-.
icieo cne aitennon vi aajui inuiw auwuwvuaMw
C - men who have Uvea since mat time ; ana luereiore some..
... .-a .1 1- P n u. QdnaJara t im
,- extent KtsiuieB toe veuiarra ui uwilo uauinici., w. uV (p
-"the greatest of all' American statesmen, pastor present, '
living or deadl " ' . ' v.
'' In that message he mates Hie trand diswvery, not only
. . that the right tzuited, but that it has aetualli hem txtrcited
r onoa before in the history of the United States. In that -,.
message hegravely tells U3 that in the year 1789, eleven of
the then United States, becoming dissatisfied with the
: Constitution' as it then was, itetdtd from the Onion, and
' - establisbed the present Constitution of the United States,,
and a new Union under it, which lasted till the second se
cession of a portion of the Southern States in 188 )nd '61; -..
which act on the part of said eleven States he holds to be
anreoedent entirelv iustifrine the late secession of the
Southern States! On first reading the message, it struck
i-v me that if the President's premises were correct, be had
forever set the question at rest, and that there no longer
T remained a doubt that secession was a recagnizad right, at'
' least of all Confederate governments. I began to hope
'. that my own doubts on that question might be removed ;
ix. that I might see the whole matter in a light different from
: that in which I bad heretofore viewed it ; that I might be-
" - . . 1 . 1 ; : . " . I. .. CnlU la,...
r - .some sausneu toah ine secessiuuiaui ut .ue oui .cib uui
L'" In any way responsiole for the dreadful war, wttich is now -';
desolating our once proud and happy eouutry; bat that it
- . a. XAoA aaraa. t .lMMaai.,n Iff C7Pfl hT filaA lnfinnf-n-
... warn . --o -j r--
i . .dent nation against another .nation equally indepeadjnt,
' .and with equal rights to Us independence, fir the purpose.
xt conquest and dominion.
- But believing it nnwise to take Sr. Divis or any other
original secessionist npon trust, I turned to the history of
. the Constitution of the United States, and of our Revolu
tionary era, which I had not read, for some years, in the
hope that it would sustain the President. 'But I was des
' tined to a sore disappointment all my fond hopes were
' dashed to the ground. My researches not only proved in-
a 1, 1 : A at. . maul atataaman on1 aa.
- VUDU9klUljr W UIJ UJtUU aU.ajac. vaaaaaaaaiaaa aaaaaa -
. triots of that age had never conceived of the existence of
such a right, but that tne great ana paramouai ooject
which the Wise statesmen who assembled at Philadelphia
in Hay, 1767, and in the difierent State conventions be
tween that time and March. 1789. hadia vit w was not to dts
: il. ?r .
eonieOeration tor tne purpose oi forming a new guTera
ment, never entered into the minds of the framera of the
Constitution of the United Stales, bnt 'that their object
.- was to -consouaaie .ana preserve tne uaiuu wku cjmu
.. iujf, and that their proceedings were in accordance with
the provisions of the Constitution for amending; the same
' let facts be submitted to a candid public; let the record
..apeak, and if it not only fails to sustain the President,-but
convicts him of gross error, the fault is his own.
Simultaneously with, and fcynscquent upon, the Declara
tion of Independence, a provision tor an adequate national
government becime so manifestly indispensable, that, on
the 11th day of June, 1776, it. was resolved by Congress,
. that a committee be appointed to prepare and digest the
form of a confederation to be entered into between the
.colonies. And after due deliberation, the Article of (km
federation were agreed to in Congress, :on the 1 5th of No
vember, 1777, subject to the ratification of the several
- States. It was not nntil the 1st of March, 1731, these Ar
. tides were fully ratified; and no sooner were they ratified--.
and indeed before they had been fully ratified than it was
found that the.powers conferred by them upon Congress
were totollylnaaequale'to the indispensable purposes of a ;
-" national government. The defects first became apparent 1
in the want of necessary means of raising a revenue, and .
, next in the absence of power to regulate or coqtrol the
foreign trade and commerce of the country: and on the 2d
of February, 17B1, a member from Hew Jersey, pioved a
recommendation to the States, in pursuance of the provis
. ions of the 18th Article of the Confederation, "that Cott-
Uirvss oe vested wuu auatuuuai puwen vt- yrvMM ,
ibr paying the public debt, and prosecuting the existing '
' war, by laying duties" on imports and prize goods." Kbode
- Tivtamat ailaina, a.ftn ml tttM t af 1 1 1 1ll mil -
it was not made. In the Congress of the Confederation,
' . on Monday December 16th, 1782, n elaborate report was
made by a committee consisting of Mr. Hamilton, Mr.
1 Madison, and Mr. Fitzsimmons, in the shape of an address, -the
object oi which was to induce Rhode inland to re-eon-
a i i . i . f i i a
eiuer uer rerusai, out i iaiiea oi sucoests. -The
subject, was again brought up -in Congress on the
'18th of April, 17SS, when ressTutions were pessed reebm-
mianHinflf. iA iliak oaram 1 Cfaiftaaai fai m.Asi ll.A ff1nniraNM4 with
certain specified powers, for raising revenue to restore and.
- maintain the public credit, Ac . These res ilutions were
transmitted to the sevattsV States, wit an address, pre
hred by a committee, consisting of Mr. Madison, Mr. Ells
worth and Mi. Hamilton, and adopted by Congress on the
26th of April, 17d3.- Tbe action of the States biing exceed
ingly tardy, the matter was again brought np in Congr jes on
. ' the SOth Of 'April, 1781. Ou that day Congress took into
consideration tbe report of a .committee, consistiug of
Messrs. Gerry,. Reed, Williamson, Cbsse and Jefferson, to
whom were referred sundry letters and papers relative to
commercial matters, and camo to the following resolu
tions: ,
"Jtesolvfd, Tbat.it be, and it hereby is, recommended
to the Legislatures of the several States, to vest the United
States in Congress assembled, for tbe term of fifteen years,
with power to prohibit any goods, ware's or merchandise,
from being imported into, or exported from, any of the
States, in vessels belonging to or navigated by, the sub
jects of any power with whom these States shall not have'
;formed:treaties' of. commerce.
- Bteotved, That it be, and it is hereby recommended to
the Legislatures of tbe several States, to vest the United
States lA Congress assembled, for the term of fifteen years,
with the power of prohibiting the subjects of any foreign
State, Kingdom orKmpire,Qnle3saulGorixed by treaty, from
importing into the United States any goods, wares, or mer
chandise, -tsjiieh are not the produce or manufacture of the
dominion of the Sovereign who-e subjects they are; Pro
vided, That to all acts of the United States in Congress
assembled, in pnnraan&.of the above powers, the assent of
nine States shall be necessary." . . -' . .
- The .consent of all the States being necessary to vest
Congress with the powers required, and but few of the
States having given that power, the subject wa3 again con
mdered'in Congress July the 13th, 17iV On that day Con
grass agreed to a report of a committee, consisting of
Messrs. Monroe, Spaight, Houston, Johnson and Sing,
with a view to obtain the desired power by an amendment
to the ninth Article of the Confederation, vesting in Con
gress the power of regulating trade, Ac. .Similar proceed
ings to the foregoing were bad in Congress of the Confed
eration at different times, in the year 1786, but it was
&nnd impossible to get all the States to agree npon the
powers necessary to enable tbe government to regulate
trade an! commerce, and collect a revenne adequate to tbe
demands of the national treasury. It, therefore, became
evident that some other plan must be adopted, in order to
sermonise the conflicting Views and interests oi the differ
ent States. A plan was lipally alien npon which had been
first recommended by the State of New York,' as early as
July, 1782. The Legislature of thst State then adopted a
aenes of resolutions, of which the following is the closing
"Boohed, That it appears to this Legislature, that the
foregoing important ends can never be attained by partial
- deliberations of the States, separately; but that it ises-
aential to the common welfare lhat-there should be as Boon
as possible a conference of the whole on the subject ; and
that it would be advisable for this purpose to propose to '
Congress to recommend, and to each State to adopt, the
measure of assembling a general Convention of the States,
pecially authorised to revite and amend the Confeder
ttoft reserving a right to the respective Legislatures to
.ratify their determinations." : - . .
.T.li,liini w,a lh firat 8ato to appoint missftmers '
for that purpose. On the Urh of September, 17dtVCom
mssioners from the States of New" York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania Delaware and Virginia assembled at Annap
olis, ib the State of Maryland. As a majority .of tbe States
- werS represented at this conference,"the Commission
ers, did not deem it expedient lo go into tbe business for
which they bad assembled, but after a full interchange of
sentiments and deliberate consideration of what would be
S . they issued an able and elaborate ad
resto the States there represented, which address was '
.tir!?8m,i,l1l ? KeTei of .the other States, and
to the United States in Congress assembled. From this
address it appears that four.of tbe 8tates had authorized
their Commissioners "to meet sueh Commissioners as
wereor might be appointed by the other States in tbe
Union, to take into consideration the trade and commerce .
' Doited States, to consider how far an uniform ays.
tem-in their eommereial intereourteand regulations might
be necessary to their common interest and permanent bar- 1
. many," and. that the State of New Jersey had onlorged the
- P w of her Cdmmissionera by adding . to -' commercial
regnlaUons,"aud other importarj matteri that might be
Beeessafy to ibe oommon interest and permanent harmnnv
cHhe Several Btates V The address further expresses th
Pinion of tbe Commissioners " that the idea of extending
tbe powers M their deputies to other objects than those of
commerce, which had been aaapted by the State of New
jersey, was an improvement on tbe original plan desert-"
j ln.corPrated to tbatof a future CutventioV '
"f-.Jf8 T recommending "the appointment.of Com-
Sl?.?fal.-meet ,l fo'laelpbia, on the second Monday
atXtoaW;.to ae'i"ch further provisions as
ttfiSSXSSW fender.th.'Constitntion
. J . . .aw aaiHTfiaa ln t Ha aVmnnmui ..F
ilk aaaa L af a. 'a . . -f
vi mu diibm will eucviiSjatiiT prOaTUlft fnm 4, V mil -
very able address, which has &uX.f Tl"i
JirrHamilloiTwa. iigned by the ChaTrS JilS 0'
b,.in behalf thaCommTssiohere,
bavi weeded their unaaimotii assent! W undptepd
Vf Mto toth tUiiihof4he article. orConM-..
ua ot.4. :u -tt. 4 it . "J -sufi uniru
. solve, but to ucouioiaie" ndpreierM the Union. .
In order to prove that the idea of secession from the
ration H will be seen that all amendments to the same
had to be proposed by Congresa. . indeed, its language is
So cogent that I cannot (brbear quoting the last clause of
ud BralolB BDHIB : 2a.il U UC BrMvlCB -Ul QW VLlal9Ue9IWH
shall be inviolably observed by every SUte, and tit Union
thpll h ptrpttual: nor ! haH any alteration at any. time ;
hereafter be made in any of them, unless; such-alteration
be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be af
terwards confirmed by the Legislatures of every State."
It will be seen by reference to the recommendation of the
Annapolis Convention quoted above, and the resolution of
Congress in pursuance of which the Convention assembled
at Philadelphia in May, 1787, that nothing more-was in-
lenaea lo oe aosouiDiisnea oj van ooay iubu o naruiuuiio
if possible, the conflicting interests end opinions of the dif
ferent States, and' agree upon the necessary amendments
eiesoftheUnion,"aodrep.)rt"thesamj to Congress: but
in order that my readers may see thot more clearly, I will
enure tue preamoie ana resotunua auuuveu
eratioq and perpottutl union, for making alterations ttjere--.
!. t,at ABaA a. 1 f U TTt, ! t f-t O t B 3 Atlfl
. lu, U J I lit naoQUl VI a WUUglOOS Ul Ills wu'va,M-.
nt ihaToialnlnrAa'n f iha Mavnmi Kt.tM! nnd WhfireaS. UX-
nerieneti baltr evinced that then are delects in tbe present
. Confederation, as a means to remedy which sjveraf of tbe
States, and particularly the State of New York, by express
instructions to their delegates in Congress, hwe suggested
it Convention for the purposes expressed in thefollowiog
resolution ; ana saca uonveniioa appeariug-iuua t mmi
probable moans of establishing in these States 'a lira na
tional government: ! - 'i: - ' ,
it i . , mi a t : : a.na.
dient that on the second Monday in Hay next, a Conren-
a: I- , I . . . I ll 1 . La." ' .-J t-ll
iou oi uoiegaies woo soau nave oettu ppvrinieu uj iue
terera! States be held at Philadelphia, for the Ws and ex
preet purpose of revising the artistes of Confederation, and
reporting to Congress,-and- the several Legislatures such
alterations therein, as shall when agreed to 'in Congress,
'and confirmed by the States, render tbe Federal Coosliiu-
IS., aJannala n 4 U n I .'WaMnaffanaali ' an A' t laaa
-aaan t.vacvuao ava ,ua M.igtui0a art .i,nKniBB cau la .aa
presematwa of the Union.". . .i : '. '
In pursahce of, and for the objects set forth in the fore-
n!nn .toa,, a I n i inn all fKiaMlatAj avilk Iha, .innl. oannnlinn
of Rhode Island, appointed delegates to the proposed Con-
Ten hod ; v irginia oeing me nrsi in oraer, ana tne lan
guage which she, and indeed every other State, dsed in the
credentials given to her delegates wilU think prove to the
satisfaction of every one the President of the Confederate
States, the greatest of alL American statesmen, past or
present, living or dead," alone excepted that she never
thought of or' contemplated 'secession. The act of the'
General Asseuiblv of Virginia under which her delegates
were appointed, is entitled as follows: .
. "Air Act for appointing deputies from this Common
wealth to a Convention proposed to be held in the city of
in.: l-wi.-i-v.;- n , at- . i .
a Uimvaeijju.a IU JUajl UQAh, JUr iUO pitrpWIO Vf rOCMTay fjaj
Federal Constitution;" and the language used in the ere
dentials conveying power to the delegates is extracted
from the same as follows, " for the purpose of revising the
Federal Constitution." . We are at a loss to see how even
so ".great" a man as the President was able to discover
any evidence oi an intention to secede tram, or dissolve
tbe Union in this language. New Jersey followed next,
and the language used by her in the cretchtials t her del-
' aaa aa -ui.jnu. t'Ul .113 IUILnaafl LH .MlalalH tUW VVII-
sideration the state of the Union as to trado and other im
portant objects, and of de7ising such othsr provisions as
shall appear to be necessary to render the Constitution oi
the Federal government adequate to the exigencies' thire
of.'i . Pennsylvania came next, and. empowered her dele-,
gates "t meet such deputies as may be appointed and
authorized bv the Other States, to assemble in said Con
vention at the city aforesaid, aud to -join with them in.de
vising, deliberating on, and discussing all such alterations,
and further provisions as may be necessary to render the
Federal Constitution fully adequate to tho . exigencies of
the Union, and in reporting siicti act or acts, fir that pur
pose to the-United States in Congress a5-airjled. as, when
agreed to by them, and duly confirmed br Hie several
Slates, will effectually provide. ibr lb.it purpose." -
.NpTfc ftflin lha Sl'ilaa nf V.aa.tt,.n .... II. a C.I
lowing words : ' For the pnroose of revising the Federal
Constitution." Next followed Delaware in the following
language: "Devising, deliboratingon snd .discussing sucj
alterations aud further provisions, as may be necessary to
render the Federd Constitution adequate to the exigeucies .
of the Union." Georgia cam; next in language almost
identical with that of Deloware. Then tame New York
with laagnige nlm.ist identical with that of Delaware and .
Georgia. The Stale of S.iuth Carolina came next, empow
ering her commissioners to join with the commissioners of
the other States 'in devising and discussing all such al
terations, clauses, articles and provisions as may b thought
necessary to render the Fiend CmttUittion entirely ade
quate, to the actual situation and future good government
of the Confederated States." - Next eame Massachusetts in.
this emphat ic languaiv " for the sole and uy purpose
of revising the.artic.es of Confederation." The State of
Connecticut followed Jtt. the exact language of Massachu
t'u' T"13 language or Maryland jrasalmdst identical
wtth that of Delaware and some other States. New Hamp
shire sent delegates ".tiVdtsousa and decide upon the inosf
effectual means to remedy the defeots of our Federal Union,
.od to procure and secure the enlarged parpases which it
In pursusnee of the fbreeoiog powers, the Delegates met
mtronmtian tttilttdiSlptiili on the UtL da-, being the tt&
Moaday in May, A. D., 1787, and on the 17th of September,
17,s7 a?reed to tbe present Constitution of the United Slates,
which they transmitted to the United States in Congress
assembled, accompanied by two resolutions in which the
Convention expresses the opinion, that it should be sub-
-tniitaA in nanvaaiia. r J -1 a i . , ,7.
aaa.a.vM aaa. VUlbllllUU V ULICfUCS tUUSCQ 11V CSCU dtSlO
by the people thereof, Under the recommendation of its
legislature for their assent and ratification ; and also tbe
opinion that as soon as the CorrcuiionS -of nine Stales
should hare ratified the Constitution, the United States in
Congress assembled, should fix a day on which the electors
should be appointed by the State, which shall have ratified
the same, and a day on which the electors should assemble
to vote for tbe President, and the time and place for com
mencing proceedings under the new Constitution. It was
also 'accompanied by a letter from the President of the Con
vention, Gen. Washington, written by the unanimous or
der of tbe Convention, in which ' he savs, u in all our de
liberations on this subject, we k ept steadily in onr view
that which appears ta us the greatest interest of every true
American iA Constitution of our Union ia which is in
volved our prosperity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national
existence." . -
On the 29th of September, 1787. Coggress " fa soloed
unanimously, That tbe said report, with the resolutions
and letter accompanying the same, bo transmitted to tbe
several Legislatures, in order, to be submitted to a conven
tion of deleg-ites chosen in each State by the people there
of, in conformity to the resolves of the Convention made
and provided in that case;" and the 18th of September
1787, eleven States having in the mean time ratified the
Constitution, Congress passed the following resolution':
'Resolmdt That the first' Wednesday in January next be
the day for appointing electors in the several States, which
before the said day, shall have ratified the Constitution ;
that the first Wednesday in February be the day for tbe
electors to assemble in their respective States and vote for
a President ; aud that the first Wednesday in M.irch next
be time, and the present seat of C'nngrass (Sew York) tbe
place for commeacing the proceedings under the said Con
stitution." . . ' -
. I shonld nerhnt,. i,.TA -f nfa,ai 4t,ai aa, nnA ftu c?j..'.
I -r W waaavaa aaaaa. j UUti l'l lUCKa.aal.C8
represented at Philadelphia instructed their delegates to
report their acts to Congress, in order that they might be
first agreed to by that body, in'conformity with the provis
ions of the 13th of .the articles of Cdufederation. 1 would
also refer such of my readers as may 'wish to verify any of
the foregoing quotations, to ibe Journals of the Congress
of the Confederation, and of the State Legislatures during
that period; and also to the valuable compilation or Mr.
W. Hickeyin his edition and history of the Constitution
of the United States, published sime years cinoe by order
? be Senate at the instance of Mr." Senator Badger of
North-Carolina. .. . -
I think I have now sufficiently shown the object of the
groat statesmen who rramed the Constitution of the Uni
ted States. Their object was bevond all question to ' re-
vise and amend tha h'a-rlo-.l ru.i:.-; . . ....
.w; - waaa-aaaa VV.U.UUHUU B.l OS Ml QUUiir Ik
adequate to the exigencies of the Union," in tbe too and
i""" mea ior in mat von3litution ; and this, at all
events, was all they did. It was agreed to by the
Congress and referred by it to the Legislatures of tbe sev
eralStSteS. and it, ni1PaiiatiA a.r thai aaaamM.J.i:.. a.a
- I raiaaauv, v, kuu , vavialaUCU va.lUU OUi
ttojiat-of tbe Convention was referred by them to con-
VentlOflll nf th .aannlja in a.A, MllJ 1. .L. r t
I 'j". aaa m,U klMHajf, aaiCU Jj kUC UeglSia-
tjires themselves or that especial purpose; and although
that ITnitilll'anai aa,va.i..l a ta .a. A-..I J a.' at a?
; t"' ivacra iiiai ir.Buuuia - ue cuuarmea Or
the Legislatures of the several 8tates, yet wa think no one
will deny that they had tbe right if they thought proper to
do so, in accordance with the recommendation of tbe Con
vention to refer it in ihair in-iaM tha, nnnl : r
Uon assembled. The only partieulars then-, in which there
was the slightest departure ram tbe provisions of the Con
stitution wus, in its being put into operation when it had
been ratified untv lr .)...,, ..r i l,r. Ut..t i ..r t .
a. , , J "J a..v.. aa w. .aaa. W.atM ,aaaKU Ul UV Bll
of them, The otber two States, boweter, goon ratified it,
and thus remedied that defect ; and there is little doubt that
the riSUlt WaS forHKAAn anil a.,aiilaintaUfdil kat. Ika .i: I
. - u mMwauaH -J J .aaa, A.M.IU1 .1
UonVentlOn.- Allll It IU taAliavawl lllut lliaa aar.lilafAJ I I
a . " -aaw aia .giaacaac.. UWU1T
of statesmen foresaw, that if the government was put in
nraOT-atinn nnrfa K.a .... .1 . J -.. . . .. r.
vv.a.HU HuWi .UC aiUUUSU aU3al.U.ltitl lipim 1 L3 aUl )U-
tipn by nine of the States, it wonld ensure its speedy adop
tion by tbe otber four, and thus by a temporary departure
from the Constitution ultimately secure its intirt fulfill
ment. ; - .
lt HlflV finnrDaTAa KS Balal tl-n4 lT- C 1 '. A! A 1 I
V f " ' " , aaa. oaa.. .aia. hUD vourcUHULI UIU OWh I C
vise and lampnil thn nM nnnm it,,nnn K., i cjiaj ., . :
v jtem ; bat thi U not the case. The old CeD3ti-
.u!uu wjuwiuuu sums ui luo pnocip'es oi a national got-1
eminent, but the Confederate principle largely prvdjmi-
1 c wmmimnuu vuitiai uo ouiud ui IUC UrlU
jgb v m yvHicuoiadi; UTtfruUieOby QU6 Hi 13 DailOOai PHD'
CinlA IftriTal V nfManminotas mn-i An .U l al
iple Uriel v Dredominates : an it ia annKKttt lhl h.r w, .
Tlllt taalul orianna nf d 'a,. a. .. It : : a - ,
' - f." aaa ...uui, till. . IV. IBIVMi .na OieDll-
ment of.lhe old Constitution in tbe way and manner pro
vided for in it. -
During the pendency o? the amended Constilutiop before"
the several Slate Conventions, the government went on
nnintrmntiillv nniavf th-anlil a-t
. I J . wt vaw wiaokl.uuiaat, 1 VI. Wlllkfl dStl
passing tbe necessary laws to set tbe new machinery in
motion, until the 4th ot March, 17,9,. when it wus superse-.
n ul la. .Ian n n I 1 a. l .
an ii . .uB i r-iv aar miii.iiiaaaaa ainaniniinn '.iihani .a
- . , , , -v. w.....aiiiuu niMiuu, a. VIKp,-
regnum of a single day. No ordinance of -Secession wss'
passea or ever breamed of, as a condition precedent to tha
formation of a new government. .Verily, indeed is-iha
r-. yiniiiiii-, iiiiiik .urutw, or ue never could have
made that most wonderful disco verv. " - '.-- .1'
-Bo far from the revolutionarr statesmen elmiminir .
nghtnf secession from the " perpetual " Caion, many of
wa.aaaW WW rilTUb . HO UIC POW&C
of owrcui-7 delmqilentStates intooompiianoe with the Fed-J
eral requisition. ; p i- ; . -, 5 r -
In ITS llu. In'il.lliM r.1 TLT -rru- , . ' '
rwittea from the very natnre of the powers eranted to that
nuuyj oy rae aroeies ot-Conftdertttion, as well as tbe'obli-'
ntlkiaariarBltriU,iitn.l la- av. ai a.
C-aPi " "" "J uo o"w tne same in
stnmwot, that Congress was already invested with WUJ
thority to compel, with the whole MOUavJSut of the na
tion, if nccesaiV, refraotory States to eonlOra to the Fede
- Jat requisition., (See journals of. the laegislature 6f New
, T"ork and Congress, also Birea' lifb.of Maaisqn, vol.' 1, page
801) .Also in the seats year th; Legislature of Virginia
- pmm hsbkhumuo imyijtu BuutwguiiBf am prt-cAio-
- teaoe.of a coercive poweia Congress, with -regard-to the
JSiates, and invoking its esercise. - (See jotrrnal of ihe Tir-
gini nouse oi iTeiegaies, aay sessioB, pages 11 ana
Bnrf fTAnninvf Ktaiiaiaia vnl vLNnn.
wuu ucuuiuff a a leaves wo i uii ai, yy vv.ia SfeufiaO lUiu
417. mian Rimui lifn MsiHistiiii. vnli-( nairM 802 nnA ma AAR
This resulation hns genenll.been regarded as the. off-,.
spriDff of ravnoK oenrj, snu as .oe Haeeruon was made 10
.his bee, and not-contiadtoted, it may beassnmed to be
. I 41... aJl 1 alL- W.'-. ,. .
id iiw ueimm ui toq TJrgiiii. vOaTenilOQ on
ratification of the Federal Q&afimtfot, this resolution
1CICHI.-U hi: buu nir. uiorga nionoias, appealing to iir.
Henry, said, " I am sure tbe ' gentleman recognises his
child," and it was not disowned. (See-Rabertson'e de
batesnf the Virgiuia. Convention xif-1783, also Rives' life
of Madison, page 803.) .' . ; ' : . t
. -Suae years after this. t"4th of Amrast 1787.a; Mrl T(ri.:
son in a letter addressed to ColKdward Carrington; says,
: "It has been so often said as to be generally believed, that
Congress has no power by the Canfeeiatwn to enforce any
thing; for example, contributions of,. money., was not
necessary fogivo them that powei. expressly ; tEey have
rtby tbelkwof nature. ' When two parties make a coto
. pact, there results to each a poWer of compelling the other
to execnto it.'.' (See JeaTeraon's. writiagix ftU Hi pair 8i)3.
a'sa Bives' lire of Madison, vol. i pajje Sua.)
Similar opinions f?om others f;tbe ablest Statmmen of
that age miglit be adduced, bat it is Bttneoessary. jSnfaiigh
bSS beeO: alrAarlat Kit fiiiom, tn nnhvinn-a ana.tr .Pi
j wv . .vw w. j -uiiaii except 1
few. of "the greatest 'of all American statesmen, pkst Tor
present, Jiving or dead' who. are determined nofti be
c invineei, that the greatest asd-wisest1, statesmeu of ibe
revola'ioaarjr era had nerei" 'conceived ot the existence of
the right of secession, ranch lees attempted its exercise -.
And now.iaving disposed of the question of Uie seces
.swn .tt a portion of the States la 1789, and we think of the
right of secession under the Constitution of the United
States, we will simply say that we, beMeve in the riehl of
revolution for sujicient cause, and- that, in our opinion it
48 in BUrSUanCA fit' thbt- Mrahl aara, fan.. a kn.. t i-m -
cause) that the Southern States are now engaged, in war
for independence. : But it is useless to discuss thequeetlua
.now that "the die-is east.".; '; - ' ," - -'
-And now arises tbe question "does the right of a State
or States to secede from the Confederate 8tate exist ?"
We answer witbeut hesitation, toe btliteethat it doer. Not
because of any express stipulation to that effect in the Con-,
stitulinn itself, or because it isdedncible from their. form
of government as expressed in their written Constitution
by any means for from it; but. because it was "peifectly
understood, and so acted upirn by all the States, that their
Uuion was to be a mere voluntary association of States
a sort of tenancy at vriUz league between free, sovereign
and independent States, from which any of them might
' withdraw at pleasure; mere Confederacy of States of ab
solute sovereignty and rqoat rights. Uut Virginia," to
..."'make assurauce doubly sure" iu her act of ratification,
'reserved the right to secede at picas are, and was received
oa those terms ; and as all tbe States have eqnal rights, it,
follows, ta o matter ot course, that life same right extends
n fill Ilia aia,taai. jat&M ..: ........
i And now, perhaps; I owe you, Mr. Editor, and roar rea
ders an apology fur the space I have occupiedand tbe
great length at which yous patience has been taxed ; but
hope what I have written will hot prove uninteresting or
uninstructive. - DAVIDSON.
; J line, 8tJ3. " . :, ,
- f Correspondence of the Cincinnati Times.J ." -.
THE SITUATION AND INCIDENTS.
' Near Vicksbdko, Hiss.;" May 29. Yesterday, I
stood beside the. .Sharp shooters, conversing of the
"Wpics of this siege." We were not more than two
hundred yards frtfrn the fire. They dare not at
tempt to load a piece of artillery for. fear of" onr
sharp-shooters. I cannot reconcile myself to the
horrible thing. It is brutal1: War is inhuman and.
unworthy of civilized people. ' When will it cease f
What does it decide ? Certainly nothing that
are fighting for. " I mean as far as justice of the-
cause is concerned, it only decides strength. . lie
cause Austria is stronger than Hungary, is. Austria
right ? Because Russia is able to hold fair Poland
in hp a-llf.1 aVrflCTl ad Pl1l?cia .ala. e ! ' '? ' .
q - "a , aauoaia , igu. - i
: I watched several rebels fall from ilio bill' side
and tumble to its base. Poor, deltfded men!
Tearing humanity from liberty's shrine and bury
ing its fair form .beneath the mound of hate. As
one of our men raised his head and said. " I wish I
were at borne," thug, and he fell at my feet with
that sweetest of all words oh his lips. He Was hut
a lad, with skin so fair that sunshine made it seem
tojbloom like rose-leaves, instead of .taming. - If it
, .aaaa kvvt OH IO a . , ,,
'"Prayer is the sonl's sincere desire, T - :
Uttered or expressed: .--I , iU. Z,
, , . Tha nnwarii o-lunmn.. r.. . ' -i fcjr'"'tfW
a-. . " la. wa jaa, .
: -. The taliiue ot a tear . , ,S.V-s.
men ior nun in benau or a mother did i tinmr
. 4 By gradual approaches will the city betaken.
Day by day. we gain upon them.' Artillery "by day '
and spade at night The men are sanguine, and '
ready to attempt' any thing that Gwnt orders.
They have most complete confidence in him. - One
of the most formidable, batteries. of the city, the
one that has-done most injury to our blockade run
ners, its now seeing its last days. It is the upper
battery Kf all, and almost level with high water.
Our boys are within sixty yards of it, and digging.
No gunner dare show himself, nor dare our sharp
shooters go from under cover.
Ait is done in the rule pits. It is very interest
ing, save thatit is revolting, to witness the coolness
of these men. ' Death is but sport to them. A poor i
r 11 aV 11 I ., ..'a-., a .
reuow ians oe8ioe tnem "dims handed in his
checks P. No sigh no prayer 1 This is war.
How terribly litterally that is- fulfilled in the case
of the rebels" They who tale up the sword shall
perish by the sword."- -Tney are thinned out day
by day, and despite its cruelty, must be so sub
dued. I think we may be in Vicks6urg by the
middle of June; of course it is merely speculation.
Wa can see the Court-house from the front of Gen.
Grant's headquarters, 8 miles oil. He is said to look
well, but thoughtful. I-have not seen him but at a
distance do not care to he would care but little
for me ; perhaps think me better engaged at home.
He is said to be very affable to all. To me it seems
to be a kind of impudence, certainly impertinent, to
trouble him with your presence unless the service
would be benefitted thereby. - ' '
Death , of a Futora Slavs. -"The Atlanta
Confederacy notices the dpAth nt faithful
man named Randall, belonging to T. G. Simmg; Esq.
11B JJV DtlJO
He was a most faithful, honest negro, held in the
highest estimation of his master and mistress, and
had the respec of all who knew him. He was gen
erally employed at his master's store frequently
being left in charge of it for days at a time, when
. his master was absent-r-such was the confidence re
posed in him ; and he never- failed to give a full and
satisfactofy account for every cent he bad taken, in
and oaid out
Randall had accumulated a considerable amount
of money in his time, and had no wife or children
to whom he could bequeath it. He therefore gave
it to his mistress, expressing the hop's that with it
she would be able to purchase another servant that
would prove to be as faithful as :he bad been. ;He
Said he did this because hia innate. nrWl mini
. always been kind to him, and had never mistreated
hinvwhile i he i bad always tried to'serve thorn bon-
wuuy ana iauniuiiy. , iiis room was very well fur
nished With very nice furniture and articles of com
fort This he gave, to a fellow servant, who had
kindly waited on him in his last sickness. - Of the
money he had accumulated about $700 wis in cold
and silver. . ..
' r FbESANBO Woon's IsterVihw wmf T.nfa''
- - .- . - -- " aMU..vViala A
telegram from Washmgtftn to the- New York'TW-
uuna gico me luiiowmg aooui Fernando Woods
interview nrll-ii T.tnfAln -i ; ' 1 - . . :
; "Fernando "Wood bad along interview with: the
Tl " A a. A rt . a. ... . . aa.
rresiueni, anu oecretary oi war to-day. It is un
derstood that he says that he reiterated the opinions
expressed in his last speech at New York, and
urged that the government ought to do the things
that make for peace by instantly proposing ces
sation of hostilities. ' When anlcni Kf
- -. .a OOUIttMUCit
he bad from the. South that propositions looking U
taaaa-lA nrnillfl Kaa.aaaa.Aaa.aaJ .4 1 : hV- J aa . - - . . O
is Said .to hn.VO frtllnn hay.tr nnnn tha iun,l -a' a.
. . , .... giaUGliM nukw 1
ment that the masses, are' tired pf thS war. South an
wen xiurtu, anu wouia weieome tne olive branch
if their leaders would let them." , J ,J'
' Sup'rehb CottBT.. Opinions "have been delivered'
by the Judges, as foKows :- - : ;
: By PaARsos, Ch. 3.la Winiania vs. Beaaly
from Cumberland, atSming the judgment - InUill
saps vs; McLean, from Robesonf no error. v In WaU
lace vs. Wallace, from Onslow judgment reyersad.
In Houston vs. Cart, frotii Duphii; no error.-
' ' By Battle, J. In Blount vs. Wright, from RoU
son ; affirming the judgment ; In Smith vs. aWcNeil,"
in equity, from Robeson " reversing the decree. In
Mallory vs. Mallett, in equity, from Cumberland
-demiiVer sustained and bill dismissed. . In partoo
'vs. Ltttterloh,- In equity, fWm Cumbeiiand injuno
trtn dissolved. - ; . la t..'f
-. f odge Manl, being; indisposed, ; deltTMd no "
OBUHona' -"- - ?. i';"nii: Ja - -.-'A
. . . T7mm tha Tm'ilAn TimaaV IX- as r- ...
The Death of Stonewall Jackson 14 EBglaad.
.'SDiendid THhiitM tA kt ."..'..ts
The Confederate laurels woii on tha field of 0ba&'
cellersville must be twioed wij$ thrf.iiypress. Pro
bably no disaster.of the war jr$l hitTe.crried such
Jrief to Southern hearts 'as tfe' death of Qeqtiral
ackson, who has succambed to the wound? received
in the great battle of the 3d of May. Even on this
Side of the cean the gallant soldies fate will every,.
Wherbe hearr arith nittf anl atrinnalhar Knf iinlc
.- -" --. aaj w.ava aa.aaa.aa . aV VM. v .
t. S.l'av fil?otig for his1 country's iBOepend-f.
UnClt Ihlli aia ao f Vaf I.', . "ii 2 Tf'
in&l-
ir80&n
that thlS Cn( :iirr hag n-nA.,nnA l C(r.anll' . tnl-
j UHU flVUIMiSUj UHHIVIiail -J
. son w ill carry , with bim. . to bis tWtsAhXi
OTfifU nf till nrlaa. J!l'-" ..I.-.Ta i--.J.. ' '
GrretS Of all Whn ran tm:a HMa'lnan. anil -nnilia
v -- vw.a aaaaaaaia aaavaJayO-l l.lla gUUIUV. '
From the earl iest-days-of,, the war hs4iasbeenJc6n -
'SOICUOOS for tha rnncl ,0n,o.L.I,la' tlVf ....Itiios'
a . . w- a uia,a.i aaaavav WUIIMJ a.aaaaaa w
.lHavmiatture of daring ind judgment, which is the
"mark nf '"himvBn.iwn jr.::.;c,nA
him beyond any man of bis. time. -Although the
. VOUntr COnfedei-ar.V haaxKaanillMii4MtaJ' Ktr n nnm-
. i. jf " " J wwfaa utuo -a aBvv& VJ . laasaw-
of eminent soldJeTS,.yet th applause acid deyo-
TlOII.Of hlS GOIIntnilUin ivUlAama,) t,n ...rla.Aaaar.f
- i-j aaivai,. uyuiftaUVU WJ jlWJIIWtlaWUII
or European nations; -bayfi.gjvea the first ptaco to
" - a.MV, laiiuaiK . kU a.t 1.1 VI laa
piisbed moved, the minds of peoplft with an astonish-v
no ' (iroduce. The;; blows he: 'struck., at the enemy
were as tombla and detjisiveras those of Botparte
hitnselC . The march by . which he iurprised'ithe
mrmy of Pope last ysr would beahoiig;h ip4tself to
give "him a high place irt military 'hi6tory.,;' But
perhaps the'crpvfnTng glory .of hts life, was the great
battle in which be fell ' When the Federal.com
mander, by: crossing the river twelve miles above
his camp, and pressing on,' as he thought, to the
rear of the Confederates, and placed them between
twt bod tea of htg army, he was so confident of suc
cess as to boast that the enemy was. the. pjoperty of
the army of the Potomac, j It, was. reserved tq Jack
Son by a swift'ahd mrei "macfa to iall .'uppa' his
right wihg, crush it, and, by an attack unsurpassed ,
in fierceness and pertinacity, to drive his very super
rior forces back into a position from which he could '
not extricate himself except by flight .across the
Tiver. In the battleuf this Sunday jackson received
two wounds, one, in the left arm, ibe other it) the .
right hahd.J Amgiital.ojn.of the arm was necessary,
and tlw Soti thcra hero 8nk undej; . the effect of it,
supported io the last' by bis simpieiuMi noble, char.
ctWi4stndg'idigoasUtIk 'i..v,.cf .-u.'woti
- Extrtictam urbis Teridentfs Patriatd lectornm '
yernaculorum nostrum "pro benefipio, et ergo eo,
patri suae pugnas mag'uj voknte pugnare persna
deantur--etiamque hostibus ' pbviam irtj,' Ignem
edentes ministros Evaiigclicos doctos, et alios.'1 Xege
vxtractum : .- : 4 : ",
- ' ProPatriota,''; -i4.
-- ; AD DOCTORES." :. s ,
Quoniam hostis in finibus nostris sit, t parv'te
Reipublicss nostras exitium minetur, cujusvis civ'is
est pro patxia pugnare. Oportet omnes ad anum
gladios e vaginis educere et hosti obviam ire.
Nemo ne ministri Evangelii quidem eximendi
sunt Omncs doctores, Gymnasiorum rcctores,
ludimagistri et' Universitatum proAsssores armati
flakan. a. a. a a a" - . . . '
.ikucuii. ui u fax im l luciH enm miffnia iaarhaaav..itm - '
copii8-contendere. (. ; ..
' ius8rcum itt sinlv mlhi in inehtein venit
Ohem colligere, qnaj legio Latin nominabitiu
Utnc invocali sunt, omnes doctores, rectores, ludi-,
magistri, professores, ct etiam Aeademici adolo-:
ficentes se mecum jungere. naac legio selecUssima
ent Tales continebit quales Latinam lingnam
mtelligere et dicero possunt- Omnia "colloquia et
mantlata in Latina lingua exprimeoda erit. Sunt
tres ad banc legionem colligendam.rationes : v?
y L Legio Latina foret ludos literarius vel Gymna-!
siurn, in. quo lingute,-artes et "scientiie fitcilume
dlSCl pOSSeht. 1 : - v v: ; . i ...
,.: II -Hta legio Reipublicss nostra in his periculis
et calamitatibu8 maxirae juvatura Bit
- Ill ' vr..-:r...i - ,.7.- '
"in mora DomoMt BBa I
i H 7Z2;-SX a -aieivme f,., Ala-
fteHXU& WILSON "
' :C ShBHa'-TAn May 81, 166Jt.
r..,EB,,Q tt n f May Usti on the bat-
l wuicu i oeiong, made a charge,
Haves makme his esnaiv. -when T hsiiaaj k:
. a. . . . a , 1"! aa-..Maaa, Utajj .IU
demanded his snrrnnnpr . Ha via imm:nM
. - """ma wmo
to surrender, when Lieutenant Ireland, of Co. K,
passed ine, and running up to the Gen., demanded his
surrender. . I gave my friend Sackey charge of
the- General and bis Aid, and I went and captured
their horses, and took them to 'Capt Williams, who
gave me a receipt for the captured trophies. Lieut
Ireland subsequently asked me to let him look at
this receipt; which I did, and failing to return it to
me, I demanded it of him, when he informed me that
he bad given it to Lt CoL Hyman, commanding 13th
Rcgt N. C. T.
Knowing that myself and friend Sackey are en
titled to .whatever credit that maybe attached to
the capture of -Gen. Hayes, bis aid, their, borees,
and accoutrements, I do. not thiuk it is. more'
than just that we should have it Some of tho
newspapers of the State have given the credit of the
capture to others, but what I assert is susceptible
of positive proof, and Task the favor of you to cor
rect tho error through your columns, believing you
a friend to the poor private and unwilling to see
him deprived of what Justly belongs to him. .
. Very respectfully,'
C.J.-ANDREWS' :
Company E. 13th Regt N. C. T.
We cheerfully publish the above, and ' remark
that Private Andrews is plearly entitled to the cre-
unuitue capture, justice 10 t,ieut Ireland de
mands that we'should say, he had no agency in- the
publication giving him the credit of the capture.
Our information came from an outsider. Milton
OhroMcle,
Cholera is Hoos-Rbsiebt.- The following we
are assured is ascertain remedy: Take' a half or
three quarters of a pound of bluestone and dissolve -
- it in -ten gallons of water. Soak shelled . corn in
this solution from Gfteen to twonty-fonr hours, and
feed with the corn twice a day say a pint to each
hog. We are indebted , to Mr. W. L. Burgay, of
this county, for the foregoing.' Afteif losing forty
bogs with cholera, and trying every other remedy
he could hear of, in.vain, he found that the above
arrested the disease immediately.. He has notlosta
; hog since using it All bis neighbors have also
tried it with equal 8uccess.:.Let our exchanges
patfe it along. Macon Telegraph, . -.
THoiWat Back. Horse-back exercise is thts verr
thing for the ladies, young or old, br for gentJemea
There is nothimr more nlessim. imk. .
. . - , r . ..e uio wovuuil a, neat.
ly Pressed lady-cantering over our broad. La '
commons.on. a nice steed. br taking a VriKn
arotfnd f he public trck.' Wewish to TeS Sr "
h J Ut v7 rn8taooe8 of ladies
being spilt by the slipping of the saddle or the.
breaking of tbe "fetrth. In neither instance dam
age was done tothefairtideiB, other than dusting
their skirts and causing 'them considerable fright
". .I. x1 aflford it, but look well ttrth
saddle girth before joti mount- Columbus Go
, Wo rejoice to learn that arrangements will loon
be complete for opening the extensive beds of coal
on Dan river above this place, and not far, wa bt
lieve, from Leaksville and Madison, N. Cn-We are--informed
that a gentleman of experience has alredy '
iustitutsd the arrangements to which we refer: add
up iik dwu imvo-bu. tuiogjs compiote, -
'Tot the; first titno in three years we 'visiSd' rit?
trail's SDnnes on Satnrdav taJt 'n,-a.x:.n j. -f K
grounds hve been greatly improved 8iiicaire?-SI
a cf manager of tbetab1ish
S--h.Vw a igreebla;
K!rflt Cari "PParod to us on tfieoccasioii
aia E W -3 C0mI,toy thereat ptesent i.'
mr" .W to 100 w Bhwld sayanS consist.
a?on and hfldri. -4 f he ., table and"
.1ttoiej,TMi ersons.iieairing to apertd,
Prt or the hot season trona boiiie, can Ut&adl
ttowf comfortable platie UiabKaircirBCftfc
vf !TU ne )a6l.ia moarnfiil nqmbersj :
iliifa is but an empty dream V
- w ' Ifnr flin ttonl in dearl that alnmbertL v
ioVings are not what tbey seem. .
.Life' iti real f life is earnest I - -
." And the grave is not its goal : -
;Dust thou art to dust returnes
Wtm not spoken of the soaL v
; Not enjoyment, and not boitow;.; : ,;
: Is our destined! end or tray;" ' i
aout io act, inat eacn to-morrow
. Tir . s .1 .a
- 1
Still, like muffled drums are beating
va-Ho'3i i UxierBl marches to the grata.;
is- -xi. V!i ' V" ' ' ' 'I'fc'ryi,''. -:'d ' '; i? inlf'-'
, t In the world's broftdjeld.of.hrttle, ;
; ? iu me oivouao oi ine,. ;
' 1' ;?BBotIikoatimb, drivweattfe" f'
;.-wlr.;?:..vBe hero in thotrife,"ip. v,-.--t i;.'-;:.-t
4irust oo afatujpt, however pfeast&ij
- T.of lhi J 1 ' 9 V
.'-'"; r ACT ct in theiivine bresentJ';
Xiivesof ereat men all remind na : t
' '.tvi aw' i-.,. :- , . ui' r.
.Htpiipedrtw.wotb :':r:
. - SailiniT (aVr liQ Dnlumn mailM
. . - - : ,-. . O - 1" -"aa.1 I aaaa.iaa, . . - ..
I''f A foMom. and shipwrecked brother. ', '
; ffiftfaig; shall take heart agaihH
'- s, then,, be up and doing, 3 ;
f ; ct- yM.rt for.ugr.frte; i; W
: - s,t!JlachieT,n& 8tH pursuing, .., 1 -;
Learn to labor and tb Wait It'
Gbh. Lbe's PtA5s.-i-A Richmond correanondent
IflVfl 4t riaan T aaa. Sa. al , t . .
j3riT B..u,ufvH"" usually reserved m
Xegard to his future nl&na mnA nnoMftna. Tj- 1
II, .... . . . , ar-r J tMaaVaJB. ,. UW
been constrained to adopt this course in consequence
ftf fPrflin nic-!rva,,aaa,r.- .a.-lla. , 1 a a- aV. a.
-. aaaaum 1CW1IU 01800 Oy aHCVJieHan.-
.It appem that Gen. D. H. Bill, during tbe test,
"V1-"- campaign, aroppea in his tent, pro
oably when he retired from Boonsboro' Gan, Lee's
-....-a . aa. mo wio uhu uivision commanders,
in which be set forth the whole object and plan of
his advance across the Potomac, and that this paper
it is alleged, the federal commander was informed
ol the strength and disposition of our forces, and
tHMtli.l II n u:n aT -.a , - - ,
i 7. . w,in 'wa single division, was
.....y uuwumgsp .1. uoonsooro-, whilst Jackson
bad turned off--tn Harn-V. 1 r . x
had taken position near, Pennsylvania lin at
Hagerstown. . '
iff npmo-of
ciiaa j - . "nnaeni manner in which he
aa aenvered battle at Sharpsburg.--Without
this knowledge, it is not probable be would
have sought Gen. Leo so soon and &o eagerly ; and
thus the Tatter would hav v,.ri m--.l;
centrate bis forces, rest his troops, and prepare for
the conflict . J7e can never know what would have
been the result if that order .had not fellen into the
band j of the enemv and vat ii- ta nA jnu:t.ix
had it not reached the federal general, that we should
' J - -vuaijiaiiu, . .
V fTSIOLOGiCAL Facts. The fonowing phypioloe
icaljacts were translated from a French ScienUfic
Journal:; . -. ' ...
The average height of man and woman at birth,
is generally sixteen inches. In each of the twelve
years after birth one twelfth is added to the stature
of twelve and twenty
slower j-and it is still
therrtwtS
ftM&riiiiii
t oMagV ttc bei,tvortl body, diminishes on
the average aboot l:4iJieft5he height of a
vwoman yanea less than tbat of WUMui ia different
countries. The average weight of a male infant is
. about seven pounds. The weight of an infant de.
. CrettSfiS a few diiva aftaai. hi'o l.;,i. ;n i- .
'1J . laiL i 7 . .a. a aaa, v, ,V IB B WeeK
old. ' At the end of the first year the child is three
" 1 "aw .ajta,j
WeittQ less than malna Tk. . . .
men is one hundred and thirty pounds! and of wo-
TLT ?udreind Pounds. In the case of
individuals of both sexes, under four feet four inches,
females are somewhat heavier than men, and tfce
. Men attain their maximum weight at about
forty, women al nr n- fift. A at
7 . at eiu owu BexeB
-S!Ji.?)mJmenCe losin8 weight, so that tbe average
weigaitornld persons, men and women, is neaaly tha
ww uuiv.gu(
RALE1G HM ARK ET.
mfPOTEP oa ih STAjnABa, r- '
BY tfll. C. UPCHCRfJH, GROCER.
Iojuiat, inn 83,1868.
BACON-? ponnd,
-Mwar-aypoaiKL.' - 'i
BEESWAX- ponnd,
.BUTTER,- pound, '
vtnt,KEji5i.4 niece.
CORN-JObnshei.
. DRlZo APPLES bnshei
60
1 B5 (3
1 SO
a so
i oo o
1 50
'1 T5
. 00
1 75
:4 50
oo a
5 oo
15 00 17 60
W(t 6 DO
- . . o eo.
" 6 oo '
75 O, on
FLOOR bbt'
FODDER--a hnndred,
t5ovU POTTOES- bushel, '
IROJf-Swedes, (nonej
LARD $ pound, . .
leather!-..- ,
MEAL I) bushel, scarce, -'
MOLASSfe-) llon, scarce,
HAILS ? pound, - -OATS-In
sheai; $ hundred,
PEAS White, $ bnsbel, . ! " .
Stock, red,
PORK- pound .
SALT- bushel,- '
ffifer -:
TDRKRTa,lU)0n ... -
$8K 00 40 00
6 00 - C 00
" t)0 4 00 r
. -'v-.-'i oo
4 00 4 60
6 80 00
. 10 00 g li oo ,
',;.. -."I 85 .
800
'-4 00 5 00
- 6 00
4 50 6 00 .
r : 60 . 86.
17 60 .
8 50 4 00
1 85 1 75
4 00 6 00
1 25 O 1 50 .
S 00
' v pair, - -
These are wholesale prices. . "
Executive Department lVortb-Carolina,
UHUUI VWWKE (MILITIA,)
aM7
14 a tnn Lt IS i Aaa
i MV-. .M a ua-a , l -
- . No.'O. f " -.' - i - ' v -.
ITHE FOLLOWING EXTRACT FROM THE ACT
, amendatory of tbe'exeniption Act, passed by the late
. Congress of ttie Confederate States-iipnblished for Ue in
! formation and guidance of those whom it may concern.
'. - r ' - "' ' (axriucT.) - " ' -!
.i. Sa3'1'011 athe State offleew exempted bv
the Act nf Oct 11 1 aco u TT? " '
?Achm the Governor of any State mayeWm to have
Pr tbr8 a08 nuwttion of the Gpveroment
" IL Militia nflalkani apa hiauK- . .. . .
.i .v A T . - j oiomuaeu irom ine openi-
S2i- ' ha Consenp Act, so.long as theyyield prSmpt
4 obedieoeeto. thaorders issued from this The ear
1 vices of refiaotory-and negligent otlieers Irill not be eon
, sidered as necessary, "for tbe due administration ot the
.fDroent ,Bd laws Of the State -
; - III: CqmmandiDjr offioers of the Militia-will eommtuii-
cafe this order to the officers under their command.
I t-Bj order ot Gov. Vaiwat - - - -P-
l !s.f3U-.t; -;.vl ; 0X51.. G. F0WLB, .
' - '' .--"Vlr'-- r: - Adjutant Genewl
i i Ralrl(rh Hay 15, 1888. i ;. ' i .. .. - 4o-.tf.Jt
-.1 ' KT-AII daily newspapers w tne state OODV aaa nwlr
and wtfelcly papers copy two weets. - ; - y : .;. ; ;
8. A. tiCK.. ,
. iaAc;K & l- ARUSa, ..
Merchant TAiLORiSj
. 4i ir wocoaV ou aaisavViw.ir aA'.
. ff-Vn on hand and at wetaail-Ti!
4 wo can maKe otjr lives Buoiime,
r And;: departffiisMeivVbehMuaP .f.V!
.v Eootprints on the sands tf tita9'j-?'H
nfflM hf tht wirllaian
.- laT- - . j. --T a ltVPlVV Un , If a.
- 5 " v . X -"-Carolina, i,
jw. otwuDiaen oi mis Companv iii V,
tows of Oavsnsborouarl,. on Ti..... W1" Ob t.h
ii;.
- . - --jt : O ' auu Kna II - -Cf
Juiy next, at eleven-o'clock, A. M. " ninth J
'1
. -5-
1 r-
r tB3. GOOD BLACK AND
QreensboroV y. C.,- April f, 1863
eitoBa4rrf,fiTR
W 'vflSH'Td EHPtOt; A' SUBSTITt
war. ' TKe fmhutitnta" mnw alM;,.,. "5 fnt
aa arm or the service, sot now full. i?si
: j umiEinte "'i
yi TO i-nywuiirn we suoscriDer,
Aflka r.. a. .
-mi
J. B. rT.i.i
Gr'
' June 5, 1868.
M. of thn irmmhurai nf tho Wrtl. - KfTlJ
jrj "" " .neotlicenf.i 7.1
pany is naieigD, at-JH o'clock. on Monday ih r.
1868. - . .: " : R. H. UATtiT "M3
-Baleigb, Jane 5; 1868
""
4 . ' '0111,-1, I
wi hhl
aepresenwuves of the Conm-ess of the Conf.V
..s i. rcurraeiii inpm m iv,. n
;ralSle" journal tott? 8511
oi iti votua tram uia aa.i -'oiamn; i-aj
to be a man i. fIWo, he pmred fcJ
tmsts reposed in bim S EZVrZ Dd i
leuow cituens. When tbe war broke out Col SSSA
his three anna - li.tii. .1. s? "i1:.1: "Jtil
South: one of vhniat it.h;. K, .8 l
private gentleman has done more for the" soldierstoil
country tbsn Mr. Faison, and should he consent U
didate, we may be assured he will perform hig whokjl
Well. II I I'V aTaam...."""!
Junes. "'M'KoJK
........ . 4K
BY THE GOVERNOR OP .NORTII-CARoijij
A TKOCIaAM ATIAW
WHEREAS, INFORMATION HAS BEEN REM
ed bv mil iVnm ik. &ha..;ir 11 . WN
that W p 7i7i r iiTT Zv. ; a?yiooa
t 1LL?ir'?, who is charged with the aanrT
one Qua les, in said J County, has efiected his escnSS
hlV mtO thB Htnto nf Taniuaaa. '-IK
: 1 iiEBniim it vmnp n " ,
ao ,ssue this Proclamation, offering a reward of
tired dit lnra tOi u,: , u. rL!" '9I
-- - J--.'-'. awa. Waa .Jipi CUCIMIUD OI BSia Ul Pat . J
dehve of bm, into the hands of said Sheriff of ffl
rT7""Tr jj. Altos, oorenJ
In arilnaa.. V Ta tr 1
MMM. 81 cnPfl rhnio ni-aaUinf. anil n ,. 1 . 1. n .TTfl
dfth. KL.ta. hiS:. ,ue ures!
.w a,., caauaacv.
Done at tho Pita, nf If. iv:. ,n,t i I
,.,, j .V ""'S"i . imuuayoijuiif
., 188. and in tha vMcnf ,. t iu...a... ,l"4
: n. tki . ' "-prrra
a. a. -battle, Jb , Private SecV.
" l5B! Is' 'l868- " - - 43-wi'swji
. r .J, -T- ""i. auilH, aaa,, .a,V n OCffaB, HU.
Knoxville (Tenn ) Register one week.
-tUff fieilaaAnannvilIaa ,T ma. aaa. 4A 1.,. ...
BY; THE GOVERNOR OF NORTH-CAROL
A PabaOCLAaUATrOW- .
7 IdliKaCAS. THE TIME I.tMTTrn nr un J
WW ..a, a ... a , aaaa a al ITJ faj
WW; clamation, dated tbe Sth of ay, forbidding ttJ
nnrtatinn nt naniain a.i-;n1.. i I L...ia. r J
v. taa.u (.iv i co it viii tut: otntv. iut tuinv tt
-nm lha Iftlk nfU . M ... - 1 1
. auw w-a ine nt llltriri Will 3UVII CAinilj;
' Now. thprnr- T V.tfHlTi OM n ViMnc n -
Kortb-CanMioa, do, by and with the advice of the CuJ
of Stater issue this ProclaotRtion. ontinninp &aid pruM
tioa tkirly days from Ibe 12lh iuat., subject to tb cJ
lions aitd rratricliniM. nrtniainAl in ieaia EraM.a.:l
tbe Sib ot May, and entrostmj the execntion of tbUfJ
rUmntinn Jnct:Ma nf i .n lflt.'i:. ri'
T In witfaestTwhereof, Zkbihon B. Vanob. 6 J
V .... mat. nn ... . : n . a. . 7 1
s v""iu vneucnu nuo VaomraaaiMerstH'lij
gf?u in a116 tnese presenU and caused the ttj
Seal III tha Htoti. tl Ka affi.aJ 1
- - im nuaaav-u. .
i.nDi;ttb.lCUjrt,,:Uoin' hi8wdayofJline,ilI
S'nT1.-' ;. a . Z. B. TANK
- y .fm.iii.u, i-t., arrrrateaeey.
Jans 19. ISfiS. ., j ' a . .
" ff"A,'dai,7.papii tbe State insert one week m
VflMT nrl en;.n..tl. . . T1
" . J u sJCiui-w;iiiy papers iwo weeKS eaeo.
HK GOYBRNOR OP UTORTH-OABOLDiJ
. A. fKOCaUAMATIOiV.
HRREXS TlfRBC nia aiu J
ww adjoormoent or the General Assembly a Tmily
VUiriaani- miaalaan aa4 fiT.a... . 1 I -a.
---.-"C1 T." in me proper settieonit oi
"i-r" ' Pi mo state is deepl v concerned, and lb
which isetneroeut lwrislative action is rcouired :
Kov. thpmtiM I aTRnrri.iiH a viv n I
Horth-Carohfta, do, by and with the advice of tbe Counel
Of State. 1SSUR lhia. T'tvuilamaii;... a : 1 1 n I
Assembly in Extra Session, and calling upon tbe meubel
tn .MAmMa HMW.il. ai. aa . .. J
j TTi- vuy on Tuesday, tin kt
dav Of this month nf. -Inn. . J 1
if 5WaesM2 In witnaia vhmf 7. u v i.J
j seal, g nor, Captoia General and Commauder-in-Chi
wimmS' natu sismed tbesa nmmii and .m it., r.l
Seal of the Stale to be affixed.
Done at thf. nitv -r p.i;k jvs ...a' .
depiludOTce 'ebty-aeventhf year oi American b
11. ik rl - . '
S'.j d r: - z. B. Tines.
K. Ii. Battle. Jr- Privata 8mV . .
June 16, 18H8. .. .. - S-,J
lAH daily papers in. tbe State will publish oci
WWC .Kit avaaalrllaac a.J ..li: a ' . 1
bill to Executive Office. : .
THE PHnPIiPta PirmDV
WE ARE NOW IN OPERATION FOR THE B0
Ht riliinu.l. W r .-.-ill
jrsjr 4ie cMfathioned looms, spinning' tri
bedstead, ha. . In n fear !... .... . i i..c.i..l
-. , ; - - - aw.. ...a MUCI., liU UC UIaUIUM.HU.
mi mhnm Irtatm ... J x I
"On Konndry is also' in operation and eastines of 1 1
kinds Will btrfurniKhoit . an.. f.-inJ
. , ... M Jiuoaiuie. lUCWi-'-a.
mterests of the eonntry will receive our especial ait"l
We wilt pay the highest prices for old castings, whietl
Jon must bring to as if you desire the supply of neveutl
.mS to be kept no. We Shall Bonn h nranared to farjislj
r-- "" kiuus oj wooiesaie ana retail. dohiih
wives will.be furnished with necessary articles at redetedl
nauai.aaf... t.-J. a. . . r.--r----
Uillsboror, C., June 5, J8fi8. 4-wAswtt
..'. W. K. RICHARDSON & CO.,
BTOCK BROKERS AND CO.M34ISSIOI MERCHAST
-'' ' Raleigh, N. C.
-1 iOVFICX OST-VATeTTavTf.t.ai arsicatai.l
WWriTT' AlTT . V. a mtaVaan. an .MnU.IAtf f 0
m ixiu. UMIi rAttl'lUUtiAK ATTfiaXilU.' '"1
w W sales and purchases of State and Confederate bonosj
".. Mm uiaitrr.Bauuits, coijecnon oi Qraits, ana aaj u I
atiMtll IVilinAMawl vHIa ,!..,,;! . 7.a.a- -f 4 1.. Hull!
niHiuivumurvuii ueuariui.uiB - -
government.
Bank notes of all Southern States bought and soli
., - ". ' asranHicaa.
O. G. Parsley, WilmiMrton. - -W.
A. Wrijrht, . do. : -
John D Williams," Fayette villa. - ;
W. G. Brondfoot, do. '
'JJi.Blackwood, CharlotU.
, 'W. K. Lane, Wayne CouaTtV.-
Jobn D. Whitford. CFaven County.
, Hon. Thomas Ruliio, Alamanoe County. -
Hon. W. N. Edwards, Warren County:
' Hon. D. W. Cnarts, Rockingham County. '.
-I1. W. Guion, Lincoln County,
And citizens of Ralcirh. irenorallv.'
Jaanary 18, 183. . B ww6m
strayed; . -
A LARGE SORRFr. nnnsi? m.i7P vir.v. FROi
-tL 10 to 1 8 years old. fore feet wh itA anil fnra IftffS S III
.larniii TTaa io a f. ... 1 .... .a - 0-
don and Halifax, probably near Weldon, while tbe hor
belonging to the 3d rvgimeot were beinr transported fit
Garysbnrg to Goldsborougb. Iqformati'on concerning
will be thankfully received and suitably rewarded..
. J- H. CHAPMAN,
- . . - wwi,j WUUUl, iV. v
,Mavi.:1Sfi. -41 wAwliil-
..;-.:...;- 9300 REWARD.
'1 Hcadq'rs Co. I, 82o Regt. K. C. :Tboo,
DAXiali'S UaJOADB, HBAa FUDRBICKSBDBQ, Vl- f,
' - 1 May S5tb, 1868. I
rnHE F0LL0WI1TG MEN HATR DESERTED FR0
W.P. fhillms and Wm A WtM Pnnntf I
Thos. W. Rilev, froBinear Billaborongb, and Jamf
ter, froiivRandolpll. Twill pay- fifty dollars reirtrd
each of the above deserters, delivered to tne, or at ikeO
script Camp at Raleigh.
W. L. LONDON,
CaDt. Command'. t
June 8,38ft. -
.4 -.' :-- , :.: 4ftA8Wt
' V W Wl "t-O..T a f , , . 1 1
- - una, x Uattunai
UlceratioB8 of the Wonb, gpermatorriiteai
Vnilitic Affections. -Hie.
D)Bt. J. ACLOPTOST, OF HTJNTSVILLEi
will be ia.Ralaioai th Tii .tun. h oi "
coBSalted f$ra few days. He operates with perfect
fori'Ues, and gnarantees a perfect cure in every fa.
riles, where the Tumors come down when at st""- j
upewea wiin pertee, success a few days ago, w "Ti
41 years standing, his tnmora coming down as a WP j.
targe tea enp at every stool. Those who doubt aw'
dress Mr. H. H. Beirv. MoBliaclli.:Florida. ud
Dr. C. oDeEated onuiiMi!iiLu..i. .aam in .Salisbn'J
If ear, onaof them is known to every citiien of Sfi,2i
"ue. ot toe vay ad ieiHT wiU be visile"
bnmna. VTm win Ka i 0.1. .a . ... UR
,boiwirh thal5tof Jie., "f; . t.-tj.
ssaron an, law... r,,-r .- . . se
ORTCAlA SEST B0NP&
H - 4 a - - VL
if. uiiiwiiiitien wuu uu not expect to aluj .. 1
are requested tp send (heir proxies - thlt d '.ni tJ
.k-fbrm, on apa
i, tea. - :
eon