Newspapers / The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.) / Feb. 12, 1915, edition 1 / Page 3
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PRODUCTION Or EGGS Poultry Tend to Make Farm Sett Suet aining. Cvory Southern Farmer Should Aim to Hoop at Least Fifty Hens for Layina Furpoaoa and Homo Con aumptlon?Faw Caaantlala. ifnpuri by the United Sutra Depart mant of Agriculture.) The farmer who has a well planned and well cared for carden has gone a long way toward supplying his family with healthy and economical foods. If he adds to the garden a fair size Bock of poultry, be will do still more to make bis farm self-sustaining. Early springs and mild winters make the production of) eggs particularly profitable for the southern farmer. On many farms throughout the country or buttermilk 5* excellent tor poultry. Green teede. euch u cabbages, man ?el beeu, alfalfa or clover, ebould be added to tbeee ration* when (rase Is net available Young chickens should be fed from three to Ave tlmee dally, depending upon one's experience in feeding. Great care must be taken not to over feed. After they are thlrty-elx to for ty-eight hours old. they may be fed. The first feed may contain hard boiled eggs, johnnycake (one dosen Infertile eggs to ten pounds of oorn meal; add enough milk to make a pasty mass and one tablespoonful of baking soda), stale bread; plnhead oatmeal, or rolled oats. Dry bread crumbs or rolled oats may be mixed with hard-boiled eggs, making about one-fourth of the mixture egg. Feed the bread crumbs, rolled oats, or lohnnycake mixtures five times daily for tbe first week, then gradually sub stitute for one or two feeds of the iplxture finely cracked grains of equal parts by weight of cracked wheat. Whit# Leghorn Cockerel. ' the money derived from the sale of poultry esc* buy* the groceries end clothing tor the entire family. Every southern farmer can do ee we'll, and should aim to keep at leaet fifty bene tor laying purposes and home con sumption. Select some'of the Ameri can breeds, such as the Plymouth Hocks, Wyandottes, or the Rhode Island Reds The Orpingtons are also ? good general-purpose breed On almost any farm there can be fitted np, with very little. If any, cost tor new material, a poultry bouse that will answer all the purposes of more expensive buildings for keeping poul try. The essentials to success In hous ing are fresh air, sunshine, a dry floor, and a building that la free from drafts. The bouse must >e free from drafts or the birds will catch oold. Colds are forerunners of roup and ? r It takes a healthy, well-fed flock to produce sgga Fowls must pet be al lowed to become too fat, as but few eggs will be laid by hens in such con dition. To prevent their getting over fat, U Is best to make them work for cracked corn, and pinhead oatmeal or hailed oat*, to which about five per cent of cracked peai or broken rice and two per cent of charcoal, millet, or rape aeed may bb added. A com mercial chick feed may be substituted If desired. The above ration can be fed until the chicks are two weeks old, when they should be placed on grain and a dry or wet mash mixture. Mashes mixed with milk are of consid erable value In giving the chickens a good start In life, but the mixtures should be fed In a crumbly mass and not In a sloppy condition. As soon as the chickens will eat whole wheat, cracked corn, and other grains, the small-elsed chick feed can be eliminated.' In addition to the above feeds the chickens' growth can be hastened If tbey are given sour milk, skim milk or buttermilk todrlnk Grow ing chickens kept on range may be given all their feed In a hopper, using as a grain mixture two parts by weight of cracked corn and one part of wheat, and for,a mash mixture any of those given for laying hens. II beef scrap Is to be fed. It Is advlsabl"' A Ml rod Flock on a Government Experiment Farm. most of their feed by scratching in a litter composed of about four inches of dry straw, leaves, or chaff. The fol lowing rations will give good results when proper care is given to their feeding: Grains- One pound oats, two pounds corn, and Hash: Two pounds corn meal, one pound rice bran or wheat bran, one pound cottonseed meal. Grains: One pound oats, two pounds corn, kafir corn, or sallo, maise, one pound broken rice or peanuts, and Mash: Two pounds corn meal, two pounds rice bran, one pound cotton seed meal. Grains: One pound oats, one pound -wheat or barley, one pound of kafir ?orn? and Mash: Two pounds wheat bran, two pounds wheat middlings, two pounds corn meal or corn chop? one and one-half pounds cottonseed meal Ten per cent or less of beef scrap may be added to the mash in all the rations with good results. Skim milk Willing Milk Producer. There la a subtle something about a good dairy cow that makes her look aa If she waa a willing and large milk producer. This is something best seen In the eyes, which should be large and bright and mild. Makes Men Mere Humane. The caring tor good stock makes men more humane and tender hearted not only toward animals, but toward men aa well ' ' " to wait until the chlcka are ten day* old. Chickens confined to email yards should be supplied with green feed, such as lettuce, sprouted oats, alfalfa or clover, but the best place to raise chfckens successfully Is on a good range where no extra green feed Is required. Wintering Brood Sow. ^ Keep the brood sow In good, thrifty and healthy condition. Allow her plenty of exercise. Feed her green food in the winter. She la very fona of alfalfa hay and mangel beets with one feed per day of middlings and milk. Give her a dry, comfortable straw bed, also plenty of fresh water, and she will winter in prime condi tion. - Good Car Bedding. Shredded corn fodder or rye stra? provide good bedding for the hog car. Large Udder Essential. A dairy cow's udder should be large and should extend far front and back, with teats erenly placed and well sep arated. After milking, the udder of a' good dairy cow Is very much reduced In site and Its skin la soft and loose. Growing Purs Seeds. Every one of us chould be a seeds man if not, why not? Pure seed growing la a good work, ind U pays the worker. LIVE-STOCK-FIlUtT- DAIRTIM8-&ARDEMIN8 - FIELD CROPS-SILOS-PlfiS New Wrlnfclee FARM Making the I I .? AND F'rmW Prog receive Buelneae Agriculture FIELD Profitable TOLD IN AN INTERESTING MANNER EXPRESSLY FOR OUR READERS M nun'iiiil." _1 iiil.iJ HINTS FOR THE HORSE LOVER Narrow-Chsstad Animals Do Not Pos sess Endurance of Broad-Chsstsd Onss?Keep Things Orderly. The, horse that U "all legs" is not the one you want Try to get those that are well set. neither too long legs nor too long bodies. When a good horse lags don't put the whip on and make It go anyway. Stop and look Into the matter. That horse la not well. If It were It would not lag. Tou do not like to be forced to work when you are sick. The horse is most like a man of any liv ing animal. It Is foolish for the farmer to get the notion that he can win money on the track with his horses. It Is all right to give the horses a chance to show what Is In them, but don't do it for money ever. Have the sides of your stalls well nailed to place. Horses sometimes And out that they can crowd the partitions out of place and onoe they get that habit they will make life mis eraffie for you. Some horses have a way of throw ing their hay out on the floor the first thing they do after feeding. If you feed through a chute from overhead you will be free from this difficulty.. 1 If not, the best way la to build In front I ' Do Not Buy Narrow-Chested Horses. of the borsea a rack of round, hard wood poles an inch or two In diam eter. running from the manger over head, firmly secured at both ends. Narrow-chested horses hare not the endurance that those hare with good broad chests. Don't buy a thin-breast ed horse. Study your blacksmith, as well as your horses' feet. Some horses can't eat straw with out having impaction of the bowels, and that sometimes causes death. A ration of good wheat bran once a week is a line change for a horse. Wet. it up good and he will relish It and it will act nicely on his bowels. Hang up your dung forks. Don't stand them against the side of the barn, where they may be run into by a horse passing that way. It is sometimes said that you can make any horse a good walker when you break him. That is not always true. Tou never can make fast walk ers of some horses. It Is not in them and you cannot put it in unless you do it before tbey are born. It is easy te hang up your harness if you once get into the habit of it. How many friends do you know that drop them on the floor? The reason the varnish Is coming off your wagon or carriage may be that you keep ft in the room whdre horses are stabled. The chemicals from horse manure and urine will do it every time. MOLDY FEED IS DANGEROUS Farmers Are Losing Cattle From Eat ing Acorns?Take Precautions ^ to Keep Poisons Out. ' ? i - It Is dangerous to glee molded ot spoiled hay and other feed* to live' stock, especially horses. Such feed is apt to cause sickness and even death. We have heard of Instances where farmers have lost a number of valu epte animals from this cause. 'Care should be exercised to see that all feed Is in good condition- Hay put up when too damp may mold, corn and oats often harbor various kinds of fungous diseases that may be poisonous to stock, and corn silage when improper ly stored may cause trouble. The food an aplmal->?ats has a marked influence upon its physical well-being. We are Informed that, In Wisconsin, farmers are losing cattle from eating Acorns picked up in the pastures. Young cat tle are particularly affected. Sheep and hogs can eat the acorns without bad effects, and milch cows seldom die from this cause, but young calves are poisoned and little can be done for them. It Is the part ol wisdom to take precautions to keep feeds kflown to 'be dangerous away from animals, and give them only that which Is in good and sound condition.?F?rmqf*sj3ufde. - ? Economical Feeding Floor. The concrete feeding floor is an economy ,ln two ways: It Increases the value of the feed, that Is it pre vents loss In dust and mud, and It also improves the condition of the tog. If they may have a clean, san itary place to feed they are' less sus ceptible to disease. Animals for Breeding. Breeders ought to make It a rule, not to breed animals which have nasty dispositions. A vicious sow often pro duces pigs of like disposition. PRUNING A RASPBERRY BUSH _____ Cane* That Hava Borne Fruit Should B* Cut Away Soon as Potalble? Overcrowding Is Fatal!" (By W. R. GILBERT) The raspberry la too often left alone it prepared by rule of thumb methods only. When this la the case it la useless to look for good crops. The canes that hare borne fruit should always be got rid of as soon as they performed this duty. Choose fine weather for this opera tion, and leave three or tour youpg shoots to each stool. Manure and let them grow away until spring. Then If litfty appear very crowded, let the side shoots be shortened back before mid summer down to about six or ,eight leaves from the ground. By doing this the light and air will have free play, and without their V 5 . . I Harvesting a Fine Crop of Raspber ries. beneficial agency no good results can be had. Thexanes nf the bushes must never be allowed to press one another. When this Is the case good 'fruit is impos sible. Overcrowding is fatal to either fruit Or flowera The great object In pruning is to open the heart of the trees or bush, so as to admit the sunshine and air. The thicket of young suckers should alho be removed. * To form a raspberry hedge; plant the canes a foot apart, and train on wires. Cut out those that have borne, and train the young canes so that they are slz inches apart. In regard to varieties, the very large klnda 1 consider very undesirable, ** cept, as the dealer said, when asked' "What are the utterly useless razors you have to offer made for?" "To sell." These mammoth varieties look well, but they lack the juice and the pecu liarly acid flavor of the raspberry. PLANT TREES WITH DYNAMITE Excellent Reeulta Secured at Two New Jersey Experiment Station*?boat la Little More. With peach trees planted at the Vineland substation of the New Jer sey experiment station, the average growth of the dynamited trees the first season was '794 inches, as com pared with an average growth of 655 Inches for trees planted in the ordinary way. In ail cases the ground was thoroughly plowed before planting. In another test In the same orchard there was a difference ranging from 652 Inches, or over fifty-four feet, of growth to 1,397 Inches, or over 116 feet of growth-per tree in favor of dyna miting. Similar results were obtained with peaches at New Brunswick, whereas the apple trees showed prac tically no difference in the amount of growth between the trees planted with dynamite and those planted In the or dinary way. In all the tests made the percentage of trees living through the first season was practically the same under both methods of planting. .The cost of planting was about five cents greater per tree for the dyna mited trees. Although no conclusions are drawn from the first year's work, the opinion is expressed that the use of dynamite for planting fruit trees Is worthy of a thorough triaL Apples In Storage. If. the apples in the cellar are not keeping well, carefully sort out every one that has the slightest speck of decay or broken skin, wrap the sound onds in a paper, pack loosely In boxes and barrels and keep them In a cool place. 8econd Year Pruning. Pruning the young tree the second season after setting consists primarily In removing the superfluous branches and in Yhorterflng the new growth. 1 Separate Young 8tock. Young stock are often left with the grown-up herd, and when these young animals are knocked about, cheated out of their share of the feed, and do poorly In general, the careless farmer wonders why in the world he has such poor "luck" with live stock. Good Prices for Horses. The rapid cleaning up of all (market able horses of all types to supply the demand created by the war, makes It certain that good prices will be main tained for several years. > PROPER CAflE AND MANAGEMENT OF SWINE I m?m?mmm A Device to Prevent Plge From Crowding and to Allow a Fair 8tart for All. (By E. M RANCK.) To bo a successful hog ralaer one mint keep hi* atoek under the very beat environment possible. Do not think any old thing or place Is good enough tor a hog.' He should have access to good clean water to drink at all times, and not stale pond water or mud wallows. Clean, pure water will do more toward keeping hogs healthy than any other one thing. The hog has a peculiar skin, and under the skin Is a thick pad of fat, so that be mast get rid of his heat mostly from his lungs by breathing. In hot . weather he needs some cool place to lie In, and If he can And mud he wal . lows in It He prefers good, clean wa ter, but If he cannot find that, mud is the best substitute. Bhade Is very es sential In warm weather. - Building* for hogs need not be very expensive. We advise colony houses of the A shape, with both sides open with hinges on the top. This type of house furnishes shade, ventilation, and sunlight In summer and when closed, a very comfortable farrowing pen In winter. These houses are erected on skids and can be moved from place tq place with a pair of horses or mules. They are so constructed that they are Ideal farrowing pens. A sow about to farrow can be placed In a lot In which Is one of these colony houses, and she will make ber neat In the house if some hay or straw Is placed there. Fenders should be arranged around the sides of the hodse so that the sow will not be able to He close to the sides and In ^that way crush the young pigs in the nest. ' These colony houses can also be used for the boars and growing pigs, although some prefer permanent quar tended for the market. It is a great advantage to feed trogs on Concrete or tight board floors, especially it one is feeding ear corn, as there will be no waste. Feeding in muddy or dusty lots Is a very dangerous practlbe. It sometimes becomes necessary to good, pure water for them. In aer- I tlona where running water cannot be aeeured through plpea, It can be hauled in barrela. Many hog raisera provide a aled or drag on skidk on which a barrel la fastened on a water tight floor with aides to It so that the plga can drink all around the barrel, the water coming out of the barrel about three Inches from the bottom through a small hole, which automat ically Rows according to the water conaumed. Running streams of water are very satisfactory when they originate on the farm, but If they travel long dis tances and through several farma and across public roads, they are very likely to be contaminated and may spread diseases such as antlR-ax, and hog cholera. Keeping hogs healthy Is much more Important than trying to cure them when sick. UNCLEAN HOUSE MEANS LOSS Fowls Require Abundance of Free Breathing Room?Keep Sleeping Quarters Free From Flltlv (By H. H. 8HKPARD.) i As young chickens grow they soon make crowded conditions In their coops and colony houses. They will not grow and keep healthy when too many are confined at night In a lim ited space. Separate them and get them Into larger and better ventilated quarters as they Increase In size. The stuffy, unclean coop will result In losses. Many fall with chickens and other poultry 1>ecause they do not stop to consider that fowls, above all animals, need abundance of free breathing room and that their sleeping quarters must be free from filth. Without cleanliness and the furnish ing of abundance of fresh air to the birds st all times, no person can suc ceed In the poultry business. Provide clean and roomy quarters for the young poultry, as they come A Champion Poland Sow From Mlaaourl. feed pigs separate from the sows, even when nursing. This can be done by building neat the cotony bouse a temporary fence which will allow the little pigs to get in. but will keep out the old bogs. If this pjan Is adopted the pigs will practically wean them selves without inconvenience either to themselves or to the sow. We prefer feeding the small pigs and In fact all our bogs In either iron or concrete troughs, with round bottoms. V shaped troughs can also be used. Fences play a very important part in hog raising. A poor fence will pro duce a breaChy hog as quickly as It will a fence-breaking cow. We prefer any strong closo woven-*ire fence at least 58 Inches high for the outside fence. In smaller lots either wdven wire or, wooden ? fences temporarily placed will be cheaper and can be used a number of times. Temporary fences need not be over three feet high and should be so constructed that they can be carefully stored" when not In use. Woven wire used as temporary fence Is very difficult to stretch after It has been used several times, although It can be used to advantage when lumber, and help are not plentiful. In planting forage crops it is an advantage to plant In long narrow strips so that the temporary fences can be placed across the narrow part of the field. It Is also an advantage to arrange the crops so that one sec tion Is in such alignment with the other sections that the cultivation may be done without turning at the end of each section, and when the crops are laid by the temporary fence can separate one crop from another. When plais are made to establish hog pastures one must not forget the very important factor of providing Explaining "Memory." When you 'speak of others as hav ing. a good memory, you do not mean thai at all. Instead of meaning that the man with a "good memory" has accurately perceived an ev.ent In the full ramifications of all Its details, and recorded It in his whole human teUure ready for reproduction at will, wflfct you really Indicate Is that he has good power of retention, irrespec tive of detailed accuracy or talthful uas of the full recollection.?Dr. Leonard Keens Hirahberg. Into maturity. Thla win mean health ier and better developed pullets for fall and early winter laying. Dispose of the cockerels as soon as they will do to market, to make more room for the pullets. Clean the droppings out of the win ter house frequently, and use white wash, kerosene and other Insecticides freely to keep down the lice. Lice breed In filth, hence the cleaner the honse Is kept the better It will be for the birds. Most poultry troubles and losses can be traced directly to unsanitary conditions and to Insect pests. Let the house for the coming laying pullets be amply provided with open ings for sunlight and ventilation. The full open front houBe is proving boat for all seasons, as It provides for un limited quantities of fresh air for the sleeping birds. Silo Is Necessity. Nearly all of the best dairymen like to supply some feed to their cows even when on the best of pastures, both for Its food value to the cows and for its manurial value to the pastures and nothing Is more convenient for this purpose than good silage. Every farm er who feeds live stock cannot well afford to be without a silo. Just a lit tle experience, to the use of silage will convince any man that the silo Is an absolute necessity. Experiment With Electricity. Experimenters in the stimulation of plant growth by* electricity have dis covered a queer thing. The wind tjlows their current away, but a wire screen surrounding the plat of ground tends, to hold the electric charge In place re gardless of the wind. No Cause for Tears. "We have never had a president named Charlie." remarks the Toledo Made. Nor th the beet of our knowl edge have we ever had one who was railed Reggie or Algernon, bur; we can't see that the fact Is calculkted to move any one to salty tears.?Phils delphla Inquirer. ? . Asphalt In Philippines. Hard aspbalt, known as ulntahlte or gllsonlte, has been discovered In the Philippines in the Island of Lajrta PROPERLY BAKED HAll iOMEWMAT lengthy PROCESG. but worth while. t - ? Export Qlvoo Explicit Directions f? Preparation of Dainty?May Bo Soaked In Claret or Cider, ae la Preferred. An old ham Is heel, fiat any thor oughly amoknd, aound ham will do, writes Martha McCullqch Wllllama. Scrape It all over with a blunt-edged knife, then sprinkle well with a good washing powder and scrub In tepid wa ter with a coarse cloth. Wring the cloth dry and wipe the ham, then rinse It in clear cold water and put It to soak over night. The next morn ing scrape it afresh If any superfluous matter has been loosened, rinse, and put It, skin side down, to cook in cold water; having a rack or plate in the bottom of the boiler to prevent scorch ing. Bring the ham to a brisk boll, then throw In a pint of cold water and let It stand two or three minutes; sltlm off the scum, then throw Into the pot a doien Whole cloves, as many allspice and black peppercorns, a small pod of red pepper, silt length wise, and a blade of mace. Watch closely, and when boiling begins lessen the heat /so that there will be bare simmering The water must stand two Inches above the meat fill the boiler up as It wastes away Keep on the lid, but loosely, and let the ham simmer until It Is very tender?tha time depends upon the age, weight and hardness of the ham. When the haunch bone shows a little through the meat the ham Is likely to be done. Let it cool In the water In which It was boiled, take It out, drain well and trim off the rusty fat from the edges, and a little of the smoxe darkened fleet underneath (The hock had bet ter be sawed off before boiling, but If that has not been done, Ioobo the pro jecting bones and cut to n neat end.) Skin carefully. Then stick all over the fat portion whole cloves In a loxenge pattern, after whichr dust thickly with black pepper and paprika, sprinkle lightly with soft sugar, and flt the ham Into a deep agate or earthenware vesseL Pour In sound claret or sweet cider and let It eoak sfx hours. Then put on a low rack in an agate pan, pour the soaking liquor around and bake very slowly from one to two hours, no cording to slxe. Baste with the liquor In the pan two or three times each half hour; as the liquor evaporates add either cold water or more wine or cider. ? If the ham Is very fat cool the pan after taking It up, and re move most of the grease on top; then add a dash of boiling water, a light seasoning of herbs ana ten drops of onion Juice; cook for three minutes, stirring constantly, and then pour late your gravy Wt. P*ss with the ham; else use the savor stews and minces. It Is, perhaps, worth while to add that In Judging a ham, dry, black-green v mold upon the flesh side Is ranked by epicures the hallmark of excellence, highly desirable. To approximate fairly the famous French concoction. Jambou au madere, you should pour the boiling water on the ham while It Is still hot. after the ham is done, then let it simmer for an hour In enough of either claret or cider to float It, turning the ham from time to time and letting I. cool In the liquor. Some Oyster Hints All styles of panned, creamed or stewed oysters should be cooked over an open fire or lire steam, because they should start to cook the moment thd heat strikes the pan or, ehaflng dish and. continue at a forced rate "un til finished. The cooking of oysters can be great ly Improved by the use of the chafing dish Instead of the saucepan In con nection with the recipes where the latter ts mentioned. Oysters most easily secured and mostly desired are Saddle Rocks. Rocks, Rockaways, Lynn Haven Bays, Shrewsburys, Blue Points, Cotutts. Lynnhavens, Cape Cods, Buzzards Bay, Norfolk^ Cape May Salts, Cherry Stones, Chlncoteagues and Oai Creeks. Chocolate Pancakes. This makes a delicious dessert for luncheon and one that Is quickly pre pared: Mix together tzyo eggs, yolks and whites, with two heaping table spoonfuls of sweetened chocolate that has been grated (If unsweetened brand is used, then the mixture must be sweetened to taste), half cupful of milk, half cupful of flour. , Beat all to gether well. Fry like ordinary pan cakes, brown on both sides and roir ? them, lay on a hot platter, sprinkle with powdered sugar and serve lmme d lately. Chocolate Souffle. Soak half a cupful of breadcrumbs In milk and wring them dry In a clean cloth. Put them Into a bowl and add half a cupful of melted butter and' half a cupful of sugar. Beat until light^and' then add the well-beaten yolks of four eggs, vanilla to taste and three squares of chocolate grated. Beat, light again and then add 'the stiff whites of four eggs and pour Into A buttered dish. Bake In a mod- ." erate oven and serve immediately. ' l Tagging the Piece Bag. -Here Is a sensible way of- tagging the contents of a piece bag: On the outside of the bag fasten the largest procurable safety pin. When dress making ts over attach samples to this pin of every remnant that goes Into the bag. A great amount of time and patience Is saved by this simple de vice, for one can see at a glance Just what the- bag contains.?Racine Jour nal. Steamed Pigeons. If you have no steamer, you can cook your pigeons In a colander la a deep pan of boiling water. Clean, wash, flour and truss it as directed above. It will take about three-quar ter* of an hour to cook, and should be served with white Sahoe add sip pets of toast ? -
The News-Herald (Ahoskie, N.C.)
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Feb. 12, 1915, edition 1
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