North Carolina Newspapers

GRINDING OF GRAIN FOR FARM ANIMALS I *.??????? ????? I I., ? , .1 ..I - Machine for Grinding Grain for Stock. ? or iioci raised ror too dmi mar ket and which ta aoon to b* slaugb tared quick feeding ie necessary. The grinding ef food* brings the greatest results and satisfaction, causing the stock to be able to con sume heavier rations. Careful prep aration for feed grinding pays big in this Instance. Qround teed Is also the best to feed exceptionally hard-worked animals that have but limited time for taking their rations. Particularly Is this true of farm horses, which are usually hard-worked and spend most of their time In the Holds. The best part of their grain should be thoroughly ground. Carriage or saddle horses that are Idle a good part of the time in most Instances grind their own food. It Is always best with Idle horses to permit them to do so. Dairy cows which yield a good percentage of milk can be considered in the class of a hard-worked animal, and conse quently should be kept on ground food rations. In the matter of sheep the value of grinding depends particularly on the condition of the teeth. Where the teeth are In excellent shape and are eapable of crushing the whole feeds so that mastication Is thorough and the digestive Juices nan operate satis factorily. many feeders prefer whole grains, but In thm/ majority of herds the grinding for Sheep rations Is looked upon as the- most satisfactory and llkesrlse the most productive ta dollars and cents value. rue increase in indigestlbUlty by the grinding of grain varies accord ing to the anlmml'i feed. One author ity elates that in the case of horses the digestibility when fed ground ra Hons Is Increased as much ss 14 per cent One of the great French experts mads an experiment with one thou sand cab and omnibus horses In France. His flndlngs were that some advantages are gained by the grind ing of food for horses but In many In stances; however. It does not appear, according to his experiments, to cover the coat of operation As his tests are confined exclusively to a certain type of work horses, his opinion on the advisability of feeding ground food must not be taken to cover all types of work horses As stated above, farm horses which are worked constantly six and some times seven days a week actually need to have their food ground because at the time of their taking ratfpps every function of their body, particularly their digestive organs, should have the least tax possible. The feeding time of farm horses Is resting time nnd unless every organ of the animal is resting the rations are not apt to be beneficial. Particu larly Is this true of old horses and the consensus of opinion Is that ground grain is fed to advantage. At the North Carolina experimental station ear corn as compared with corn and cob meal for horse rations, the difference Is greatly In favor of corn and cot meal. TO PREVENT PINK BOLL ROT Any Farmer Can Control Olaaaaa In dependent of Hts Neighbor*? Carefully Sal act Seed. Pink boll rot (eta Its start from planting seed that Is Internally in fected by the anthraenose fungus. It does not become conspicuous until the bolls are'formed, and then only after wet weather baa fhrored Its spread. Fortunately It Is not carried long distances by the wind, and so any farmer can control It independ ently of bis neighbors Plant seed free from Infection. Oet It from s disease-free Held If possible, or carefully select It from freshly opened bolls on unaffected stalks In a 1 Held having a moderate amount of the disease. If only a small amount of disease-free seed can' be obtained, plant It in a special seed plot well away from other cotton. Avoid any mixing at ths gin with other cotton seed. Since the fungus may live over tor a year In old affected stalks, do not plant cotton ths nsxt year In a fleld where the disease has been unless It has been fall plowed and the stalks have thoroughly rotted. In buying trial lots of cotton or any other seed from a distance, get reliable assur ance that It Is free from dangerous disease contamination, and fo be on the safe side plant It well away from the same crops on the farm.?North Carolina Experiment 8tatton. nnnnAAr ftr nnilip BU&incM runrusc ur ouno| Animal* Should Bo So Fed and Man aged ae to Enable Her to Do Her Work to Beat Advantage. By W. L. BlIZZARD, Animal Huaban dry Department. Oklahoma Agricultural College.) , Sow* are not kept for the purpose of eating feed merely. Their business Is to farrow plga. and to nurse them to a point where they cin be fed. With thla in view, the sow should be so fed and managed si to enable her to do her work to the vary beat ad vantage. A sow should remain In tbe herd as long as useful. A good, steady sow with well-developed teats can usually be depended upon to repeat tbe per formance. If the sow Is properly han dled and falls to rulflll her duties, she has no huslneaa on Ufa farm, and the quicker she Is found out and 01c posed of the better. Feeding Is a matter of much Importance for the brood sow as she needs the right kind of feed for three important pur poses: For the maintenance of her own body; for the growth of her own body; for the development of the fetal plga. v baa of Fertilisers. The greatest use of fertilisers In the United States Is In the Sooth. In several cotton states Commercial fertilisers by Increasing the cotton yield, have been one of the great causes for the "New South." Opportunity for Southerners. An attractive opportunity awaits farmers who undertake the production nf high-class, commercial mules, and U curtain that man; farmers win grass the opportunity within the nest few years. SHOW STOCK POOR BREEOERS Fin* Point* Ar* Often Developed at Expense of Animal's Vitality and Future Usefulness. -By E. L. JORDAN. Louisiana Experi ment Station I It is unfortunate that the Judges of stock In the show ring do not give more consideration to the probable future value of the animal tor pur poses of reproduction and pay less at tention to Its "line points." These One points are often devel oped at the expense of the animal's vitality and its future usefulness. Every breeder fully realixes the harm ful effects of extreme fitting on the 'breeding qualities of the stock, and In a warm climate, such as we have in Louisiana, there Is sometimes dan ger of losing the animal from over^ heating. Few prlie-wlnnlng animals have proved to be satisfactory breeders: and for this reason nearly all large breeders maintain a "show herd" and also a "brooding herd." The breeder who develops his stock carefully can produce prise winners with much more certainty than one who pur chases prise winners to put with bis herd for breeding purposes. BEWARE OF THE LAZY SOWS Mismanagement Will Sometimes Make Whole Herd Inactive?Make Them Get Out and Hustle. Some sows are Just naturally laiy and inactive. They spend their tlpe lying around and sleeping, while their more ambitious sisters are up and hustling about Ask any hog man who haa kept bis eyes open what kind of a titter such a sow begets. Invariably he will tell you a small, weakly bunch of pigs with no stiength or vigor. Ths sow that does not exercise never produces good pigs. Mismanage ment will sometimes make the whole herd Inactive. This, of course, la true, when the sows are given all they want to eat and kept confined in close quar ters. It will pay the owner to observe the gigs pretty carefully and to get after the sows that are sleepy and in active and make them get out and hustle. Protection for Calves. During cold and rainy weather calves should be sheltered In clean, dry stables with plenty of bedding. They should at all times be provided with all possible comfort. Warmth and Freeh Air."' L~ Young animals require a certain amount of warmth, but this must' not be at the expense of fresh air. Treatment for Bloat. For bloat, tap a aheep or cow la the left flank, well forward. KMp a trocar handy and know how tc use It. Silo Yields Big Returns. The silo yields greater returns In proportion to cost than any, other building on the farm. Treating Calf Scours, lor scours in the young call, tn a half cupful of flour In Its milk Three doses should cure lb | UVE.?TWK-FIIH-MWTW|.mMlW-F1ELI CMM-'llLOS-fWS a ? ? I I N?w Wrinkto* r ^ FARM AND FIELD Making tha fmrmmnf Profltabla TOLD W AO INTEKSTIM MAIKI EXPRESSLY FOR OUR READERS SCIENCE IN HANDLING FRUIT Grower May Secure High Prlcee for Product by Exerolging Care In Sorting and backing. A great earing may be effected by the aclentlfic handling of fruit of all kinds. In this case "science" means right knowledge and care. The fruit grower cannot always sell direct' to the consumer, but he can, by sorting and ? easeful! y-packing his product, get a much better price when selling to the retail dealer than be can If he follows the old-fashioned method* of dumping everything Into boxes, bas kets and oarrels regardless of slse and condition. The shrewd dealer will make the most of the bad condition of the stuff offered him, beating down the grower to the lowest possible price and then add to bla profits by the work of a few boys In the basement who are Instructed In the art of clean ing and repacking. The grower, him self, could get this added profit If he Dumping Apple* Into Barrel* Without Sorting Give* Middleman Gr*at?r Profits, Becaus* Ha Grades and Sorts. , would only take a little more trouble In preparing his fruit for market. Some associations of fruit and veg etable grower* have adopted this plan, and made certain brands famous. Hie fruit sold , under these various brands 1* carefully selected and packed under the superriston of the manager employed by the growers, and packages are guaranteed to be up to standard In every way. As most of the apples grown in this country are sent to market In barrels, it may be well to set down here some rules adopted by the beat associa tions of fruit grower* for the barrel ing of the fruit. In the first place ^he apples are taken from the trees and placed In baskets or bags slung around the shoulders of the pickers, and some very careful growers Insist that the pickers wear gloves. In order that their fingernails may not cut the fruit It Is a well-known tact now that a. tiny abrasion made by the fingernail will often admit harmful bacteria which will. In a short time, destroy the apple. The apples are then brought to the packing tables, which are covered with canvas or burlap under which Is a padding of moss or straw In order to prevent bruising. The greatest care Is taken to prevent the apples from fall ing from the table, -or against one another In a way to cause the Slight est bruise. The fruit Is rapidly sorted , Into their proper grade and the pack age?whatever the form of packing may be?labeled with the growers' name. A barrel properly packed can be shipped long distances without In jury to the fruit All good apple growers now under stand that apples keep better If they are allowed to ripen upon the trees and It Is seldom that green fruit Is picked. Of course always there Is Just the right day when the apples should be taken from the tree, and this can be learned only by close ob servation and experience. MAKE SUCCESS IN ORCHARDS Growers Should Note That Thorough Tillage Is Most Profitable Method of toll Management. (By DR. E. H. JENKINS, Director, Con necticut Experiment Station.! Certain sod orchards under special conditions, suoh as heavy manure mulching, together with some pastur ing to keep the grass down, give good results?perhaps as good as clean cul tivation. But the skillful fruit- grow er can expect more than the law of averages will give. And even the gen eral grower should note that thorough tillage Is the most profitable method of soli management. * Production of Blackberries. Moisture is a great factor in the production of blackberries. There Is sufllclent water In the subsoil to ripen this fruit, provided you do not let it get away. Frequent cultivation la the remedy to apply. Ten-Acre Orchard Is Ample. An orchard of ten acres is ample for the average man, and when han dled as It should be haildled. It will prod Doe a larger area-Income than la being obtained from the very large or chards WHEN CHOLERA IS ^JSPECTED Take Temperature of Apparently Healthy Animate?Make Post-Mor tern Examination of Dead Hog. When a disease that la contagloua appears among hogs, spreading more or leae rapidly, la quite uniformly fa tal, and la accompanied by a high temperature. It la quite safe to as sume that It Is cholera. (--? Where cholera i?? suspected, It IS well to get a thermometer and take the temperature of a number of those that are apparently well. The nor mal temperature Is from 101 to 103 degrees In winter and about 1 degree higher In summer. If cholera Is pres ent, the temperatures will be found as high aa 100 to 107 degrees. Make a post-mortem examination on a hog that baa lust died and examine the kidneys for small, dark red spots resembling those on a turkey egg. Look for small red spots along the small Intestines and somewhat larger ones > on the lungs. The lymphatic glands, which are found In the flank, along the Intestines and between the lungs, and which are a light amber color In health, will be found congest ed and rsrylng from a pink to a rery dark color. Where the sendees of a qualified veterinarian can be obtained, he should be called to make a post-mor tem and to give serum.?Department of Animal Pathology, University of Nebraska. SYSTEM OF FLOCK NUMBERS .. Ear Notches 8erve at Identification at All Times?Also Used With Cattle or Hogs. (By C. 8. ANDERSON. Colorado Experi ment Button.) In moat flocks of sbeep, especially of purebred animals, It Is advisable to use some system of flock numbers aside from the registry number. It la easy for an ear tag to be lost oat. but a good system of ear notches serrea as an Identlflcatlon at all times. The system used at the Colorado Agricultural college is one which can be recommended for small flocks. One notch In the base of the lower part of the left ear. 1; two notches at the same place represents 2; one notch In the lower and one In the upper part, 4, and one notch In the point of the left ear 5; one In the point and one In Punch Used for Notching. the base, (; one at the point and two on the baae, 7; one on the point and one in the upper part, 8; one in the point, one in the base and one la the upper part, 8. The right ear repre sents the tens, number ten occupying the same position as number one on the left ear. In breeding ewes certain markings such as boles In the middle of the ear can be used to designate the year of birth. The system Is only applicable to the small flocks of about a hundred sheeo. If one wishes to mark a larger, flock, there Is a more complicated I system by which sheep numbering up to 10,000 may be earmarked. It is not commonly used. These systems can also be applied to the marking of cattle or hogs. PRODUCTION OF. LIVE STOCK Not Keeping Pace With Increase In Population?Manure Needed to Maintain Soil Fertility. la raising live stock the successful farmer fully appreciates the Talue of good breed, proper care and scientific feeding. If any one feature Is neglect ed the full value of the fepd Is not secured. The production of live stock Is not, nor has It been for several years, keeping pace with the Increase In our population and the demands from abroad. Western ranges have been devel oped Into farms so well satisfied with the high price obtained for corn, hay and other products that they have not bothered with live stock. Because of the Increasing demand for meat at home, and the deficit abroad partly because of the war, meat will command a very attractive price for many years to come. Another reason why stock raising should not be neglected 1s because the manure from the live stock Is Indis pensable In maintaining the fertility of the soil. Causa of Ropy Milk. Ropy cream or milk Is caused by a germ. The germ may come from a dusty stable or a stagnant pool of water through which a cow has waded. The difficulty may frequently be reme died by thoroughly scraping the dried manure from the barn and then white washing the Interior, and by a thor ough scalding of all palls, cans, and the separator.?R. M. Washburn, Uni versity Farm, St. Paul. Simplify Work at Farrowing. Having the pigs farrowed as near one time as possible greatly simplifies the work of feeding and caring for ?h'ji. Cause of Sore Shoulders. If the horses' shoulders get sore It'e a sure sign of wrong treatment. The oollars may not fit, the draft may come too high or too low, the trouble may lis in a chronic ulceration of the shouldara. Whatever the cause, search ft out and remove It. SECURING E6GS DURING WINTER SEASON Well-Arranged Colony Houaea on Poultry Farm. A good poultry house Is what you need, Mr. Parmer, If you are going to hare plenty ot eggs to tell this winter. Some farmers feel that winter eggs are too hard to get to make It worth while to try to produce them. This Is a mistake, according to R. M. Sher wood, poultry specialist In the exten sion division of the Kansas State Agri cultural college. "If one has a good poultry house," commented Mr. Sherwood, "he should have little trouble. Early matured pullets properly housed and fed Winter House for Laying Hens. should produce s large number of eggs." The house, points out this expert, need not be an expensive one. It should furnish the fowls protection from the winds and storms and should be so constructed that it will have proper ventilation. A chicken breathes three or tour times as much air In proportion to Its weight as a human being. Ventilation makes a house somewhat colder, but dryer, and dry, cold air is much better tor the fowls than moist warm air. The house should be built with the west, north and east sides tight during the winter months, while the south side should furnish the ventilation. There may be a few glass windows on the south side, but more space should be left open, except that curtains may be dropped down for the nights, and on a few very stormy days. On some occasions these openings may be left uncovered during the night. Some times curtains do hot allow enough air to circulate. In these cases openings may be made just under the roof to allow the air to circulate more freely Whatever the system of venti lation may be, It Is essential that the house should be dry and free from bad odors. The bouse should be so constructed that It can be easily cleaned. The floor should be smooth. Concrete Is good (or this reason. It Is true, how ever. that concrete floors built on damp ground are damp. To avoid this trouble a concrete floor may be built on a layer of eight or ten Inches of rock or other material which will not carry the moisture from the ground Some poultrymen use floors made of hollow building ,tlle, and And them very satisfactory Where these aro used the tile are laid on a smooth sur face and the crevices filled with ce ment. The perches should-be built so that there will be as few places for mites to breed as possible. If perches are removable, so much the blatter. A board platform shpuld be placed about eight Inches below the perches td eateh the droppings. This makes a cleaner floor, and thus adds to the ca paclty of the henhouse. It makes it easier to clean the house, and aids In keeping the mites In check. The. nests also should be built so that the mites can easily be combated. They could be covered or protected so that the fowle cannot roost on them. This Is necessary in the production of a good grade of market eggs. CARE AND FEEDING OF FOWLS Birds Which Have Been Develops i by Careful Attention Degenerate Quickly When Neglected. Poultry raising shows us that prog ress Is made In two ways?by Inher itance and by care In the development of the offspring Or, in other words, a character which haa developed In an animal, even though It was not ap parent in Its parent. Is likely to be transmitted to Its offspring, it is for this reason that close attention and great care should be given to the subject of care and feeding of fowls, for fowls which hare been developed by careful attention will quickly de generate when neglected. Our knowledge of these things leads to the formulation of some general rules which should be studied and observed. 1. The land fowl should be made to "scratch" or "pick" or "tear" Its feed. 2. It should be kept dry. 3. Its feed must consist of animal, vegetable and mineral matter, with sufficient water to moisten It. 4. Its reasoning powers betng small, man must assist It tfy placing feeds beforw.it. Th# waterfowl should have acceaa to running water. I know this Is an opposite opinion to that of a famous duck raiser, but waterfowls tor breeding purposes will thrive beat when they have free access to running water. IMPORTANCE OF PURE WATER Hen* Soon Loarn to Enjoy Fresh, Cool Drink, Juit as Human Being* Do Improve* the Egg. Eggs are made up of what bena eat and drink and their taste aa well aa general appearance can be changed In a tew day* by tuoh foods as onions, garlic, fish, stagnant, muddy water, etc. As the average egg Is about 80 per cent water, the Importance of plenty ot pure, fresh water la very evident The mudhole beside the tank where the other stock are watered or the wallow In the hog-lot are not >11 right" tor the hens, though they may drink St and live tor a long time when forced to by the absence of a drinking place of their own. But hens will soon learn to enjoy a fresh, cool drink just as human beings do. Th^ square five gallon tin can. in which much kerosene Is sold, split In halves the long way will make a pair of nice drinking places, that If set In the shade and cleaned dally, are very good and In some places very cheap. The main essentials of these water fronts should be tlghtuees. lightness, easy cleaning, and not over five In dies depth when full. .Guaranteed Eggs. "Ouaranteed eggs" are those laid by fowls judiciously fed on the purest of food, kept In the cleanest of houses and always put on the market In a fresh condition. Make Hens Work for Grain. Much benefit Is likely to result, with out any possible harm. If the hens are compelled to work In clean litter for their grain at all seasons. Infertile Eggs Beet. Infertile eggs will wtthstand mar keting conditions much better than fertile eggs. FIXING UP WINTER QUARTERS Poor Roofing Mean* Leakage ana Dampneaa, Which In Turn Bring on Troubleecme Dlaaaaaa. The flrat thing in preparing winter quartern (or poultry la to clean up. both inside and out of buildlnga. The flrat point of attack la the ben bouae. See to It that the roofing la good. Poor roofing means expoaure to cold, rain and dampneaa, which In turn bring out fatal dlaeaaea. Plenty of light and ventilation should ba pro vided for. If necessary, cut odt part of the aouth wall of the poultry houae. cover thla with wire netting, over which place canvaa. Thla arrange ment provides tar plenty of air and aunahlne. A liberal coating of wbitewaah sprayed Into every corner, crack and crevice la one of the beat purifiers that can be uaed. By the uae of white wash thorough cleanltnesa can be ne tabiiabed. disease germs can be killed and sour places purified. If half a pound of dab glue be dlaaolved in but, water and added to each pall of white wash. the wash will stick almoet as good as paint lor inklde work. AU accumulation of dirt. dust, spider webs and filth must be removed if ben results are to be secured from the1 fowls. The floor, whether It be of board, stone or dirt, must be thoroughly cleaned and provided with good litter Perches should be made removable and at the same distance from the ground, about 24 feet, for too blgh perches cause bumblefoot among the fowls. The perthes should be painted thoroughly with a liquid lice killer and thee sprayed with whitewash. A sufficient number of clean, roomy nests should be provided. Four nests for every 12 hens is best. Feeding troughs, hoppers, drinking fountains, grit boxes and dust baths should inB be provided clean and as sanitary' as possible Fresh sand or gravel Is absolutely necessary to the comfort of the hens this winter. Cover wooden orTement floors st least three Inches deep and earth floors from six to twelve Inches DAB PROPER TIME TO FILL SILO B?gln Operation Soon as Com Hh Reached Right Stage for Red der?Let the Silage Settle. (Br J. O. WATSON. Missouri Eiperl _ . Beat Station.) Dont watt,too lone to Oil the alio. Begin as soon as the corn le right for fodder The kernels should be,ln the dough stage but dented and the lower leaves turning brown. Let the corn mature as much as-possible without becoming so dry that water must be added to make the silage pack solidly and ferment properly. Cut into pieces half to three-fourths of an inch long to make them pack well and to prevent waste In feeding. This takes more power but Is worth It Pack well with concrete tampers, keeping the silage higher at the wall than In the center. Fill slowly, if possible letting the silage eettls a day or so at a time. This makes It keep better and in creases the amount the silo will hold. This amount may be still further In creased by using woven wire to hold more silage at the top. It will grad ually settle Into the silo but tends te spoil while doing so. If more sllgge is added after duch settling, take out * the spoiled layer at the top. If caught by frost, the corn for all age should be cut before it dries out After that, add water. The corn may even be shocked to put in at a more convenient time or to refill the silo if enough water is added. The experiment station has pub lished bulletins on shock cors for silage; silo building; and silage tor horses, mules and steers. KEEPS OUT DIRT AND FLIES Sanitsry Device, Invented by Texan, Cloeea Aperture In Bucket Dur ing Milking Operation. A milk pail which tends to prevent the unnecessary contamination sot Its contents by flies and dirt has been In vented and patented by a Texas ranch man. Instead of being open and there fore a catchall for filth, as is the ordi nary bucket, the device is provided with a cover having a funnel-shaped I 1 Sanitary Sleeve With Slita. Opening In the middle. A sanitary sleeve with silts for the Insertion of the hands Is fixed to this, so that the aperture in the bucket Is entirely In closed during the milking operation.? Popular Mechanics. TRAMP SILO WHILE FILUNC One or Two Men Needed to Give Si lage 8uch Compactness as Will Insure Its Proper Curing. The Importance of tramping while filling Is one that must be given con sideration. In a silo at least onb or two men are needed In order to give the silage such compactness as will Insure proper curing. The outside or near the silo wall should be kept the highest and made In the most compact condition. This will prevent spoiling, which Is so very frequent In poorly packed silage. If the silo Is filled quickly and poor ly tramped, there will be a large amount of settling. Where a farmer owns his own outfit It will pay to allow this settling to take place for ode or two days and then fill up thr Silo. Keep Only Best Cows. The right kind of a man will have profitable cows. The kind of breed does not matter so much. There are good and poor cows In all breeds, but the good business man will weed out the poor of any breed and keep the good. Carbolated Vaseline for Teats. For use on teats carbolated vaseline Is somewhat superior to plain vase line. as the small amount of carbolic acid In the mixture has antiseptic qualities that tend to prevent t Infec tion. >-? i __________________ Iftlklng Machine a Sueceea. The milking machine la proving to be a success, but It must be properly handled. Anyone who cannot aoccead In getting hla own cows properly milked by hand should try the milking machine, v ? S ^ Hard, Heavy Work. Cutting corn (or ensilage Is hard, heavy work. Do not go at It hammer and tongs. There are more years com- - ing. and we want to be here to enjoy them. ' Sod and Insects. To guarantee against Insects, do not follow a grass sod with such a grain crop as corn. It Is well to keep the land fallow for a time. Roughage While Dry. During the eight or ten weeks that cows go dry their food should be chiefly roughage. But highly carbon aceous roughage, such as straw and cornstalks. Is not good at this time. Reward Is Sure. Everyone who breeds and raises good oolta will have a long period of prosperity. Mortgage Lifter. It's s good brand of ferttttssr that will raise a mortgage.