!"
t;
: .
i
.. i
iV
iX .
1
Si
Tcrritoti . led c itrtl.jp".'
lie dotaai: . : -cd 1 .1" :cn IC
tad 1830 f.ci..: 53t! i.: tytl. .
.r.d tD upvrds cf two -nillir-!
t..icc !iUircvi tv..'-. Cwi
etituttng, at the Litter;-:ri
rthe .length cf tir I"
S I v A p'ficst" r
Untied 'Stitcs: ":Tr-h
cannot be. accurately Ins
!enfthe
err
tl.
"t
. wU .TdVi 4 .
rtrh"",5i r-. cv?n -
...
a true criteria rf
pretibllity t!:at p.:::.:: 5 re:-
the vicinity, u tl 2 1 21 ',. J
.... .
r. :vr.i:n cr-itr.-wS
'j
1
.
rtV.
. . - ,,,1
. --
t"U.;? rcuia ror.tnoac '. Tf:rc!:.-.rr5 ' thev'
. .tvhale njy now be safely t;tp.-.!- ' weald otherwise cuke, ttr tha pur-
,t.Tcr lrcs pd r, !..'. UU: . i -:s3 cf availing t! ttrasclva cf the
tJ!.Tc: 3 C.z Z J.i'.z: , ;. ' -cr price, with' ether' consider
rcic.livcs c-i v..u.i c;.;l'... .lo ; j cf a siailtr character, have
'lavecae third cf i 2 Gcr.it;, -r.de- I !t;:t been succr fully urged to
Ycr can sixth cf t!.a IT: -ass cf H:p- defeat tha' rr-duat: -tt urca ti?.
.reser.tanvescrthe ur.:::i L :..: 3.
1 Thus his been fjrr.cd a LjJy r.f
-free and i" l c p vT.ucr.t lind 1. . vTSj
vwith a rs; I'lty ur.: -called in the
'histcry cf mankind; ci.dthis jreat
result jias been produced without
leaving any thing for future f. just
ment between the Government rnd
,its cUizens. v The systea . nnder
which so ranch has teen accomplish
red cannot be intrinsically bad, and
withoccasional taodificaUons,to cor
.Tect abuses and adapt it to changes
3f circupstanccs, may, I think, be
isafely k trusted for the future.--K.There
is, ia the management of such
;Wensjye interest raiich ririueja
abifityt and although great and oh
vitas iraproveaentj should not be
III ccti acd, ch a nges sh'o'hl dne yef be
tinaddywilhoat the fullest examina
,tto, and the clearest demonstration
of treir practical utility. In. the
histoty of thi past, we have an as-
uranethat this safe rule of action
wilVuoe departed from in rela
tion ti thCpablic lands; nor is it be-
KcTcd j;n any necesity exists for
; interferingWith the fundamental
-principles oWhe system, or thatthte
pnbUc mind, fc'en in the new atates.
;m desirous of aft radical aUefatio'ns
On the contraryVthe general dispo
sition appears to e, to make such
xnodi&cations and viitions ;nnly as
will the more effectvlly carry oat
-the original policy ofOling our new
States and Territories with an ia
dostrious and tndcpenusnt popola
tinn. ' . l
The raodiOcation most prscver
Ingly prefsetl npon Congrrss which
has occupied so , much of iU time
tor years past,"and will ' prohUly
dflMW for a long time'to comif
T-t fobnrr satisfactorily adjusteo j
is a' reUnctiftii i'; the cost ofisuc,
poriions of the public lands as are
.ascertained tu be untaleahle at the
Tate now established by law, and a
litahon, acmruing to inirre
t, :i t. .
!-'(
t.j t!ia r:
cica-jtlt-own
fcecc.
p')3;;os.s no'
w.ist ' :ir
tr, aivlt'.
i
of t
t
desires
t:;U !
e pu! !;c !
ir intent;
t..j Govcr.in::.fpri
l.as from ti no t tl:'
thcaC considcrati.):);
passed laws giving t
public landa a tl
! !1
y
at j n-
t ... '.or 1 rc
'. ViCt r ' od
States, t.;ey
j.i of t'scir
they
t ,1
under lilt e c
been indaJapd wit!
This c mrso of c
pa:rpuuuarc.pcci
Litiicr
Mav nr: -!! re
t: p sn this su j cct L 3 satisScd with-
nutenfpuntcnr any cf .thess ob
jections? All will c -.cede the ab
stract principle;-th: the price of
the public hnds she 'dbe propor
tioned b t!:"ir relative value, so
far a? that can bo acco fished without
departing from the ru! i ' here:,, fare oV
served, requirinj fsied r I c ia cases of
private entries. Ths of tho
subject seem to lie in t' : ooda of aice
taimnz what that va!u: is. ould not I country.
tiio safest plan be that n ?iich has beca (intrusion upon Cm
adopted by many cf t!:e C:.iteas tho ba- I executed, or, if thr
m ot jasauon m
lands, and class
fcrent rates!
blc aadcTpcd!
value of the publi
tncts, wh:eh have teea for a certain ! tended, in a!J Inst
length ftime ia market, tobe appraised, should at once bo -ami
classed into'two or more rates be-! who aro L'd
low the. prjsant minimtimjirice. bv tha ! mav chi v at La
plficers now employed In tfiis branch of thoso wIk are nc
me public service, or ja any other moJa ! Levcd to be the c
deemed prcfcraLlc, end td
prices permanent,
of the report
to Congress!
and the objections which have luiherto abolish. It wouliiv'
.;, r v:j. t.'.e
f ive aJ Iiiional
1.1 their vichii-
.ama'ely to
j Sv muc!
:en attached to
it Congress have
ia! settlers on the
f pre-emption to
rn; n ; r.;Hrt i.l ;
War will Lrln t ) yo
t! e Army, nuj all L.
to th
ari-
0 supermen-
. 1
1..
r.
bee '2
The r.erc
ir. '; il part of the Army has
::c ' rated ia' Florida, with a
1 ia expectation, of bring nij the
at Territory to a fncedy close.
ity of ft ripping the pjsts on
the maritiino and inland frontiers of their
entire garrisons, for thi purpose of as
sembling jn tho field an army of less than
four thousand men, would seem to indi
cafe t! 10 necessity of increasing our reg
ular forces; and tho superior efficienev.
as well as greatly diminished expense of
tnai aesenpuon 01 troops, 'rccommen!
this mensure as one of economy as wc!l
as of expediency: I refer to the 'report
for the reasons which have induced' the
the tracts occupied ihem at. tho mm-1 Secretary of War to urso tho reorirani
imum price. J The J-.vs have ia all in-1 zati.oo and enlargement; of the stntf of
stances been retro. pvo in their ope- tho Army, '.and of tho ordinance corps,
ration; but in a few .i p after their pass- in which I lully concur.,,
age, cr.Mtds of m ettlers have been It is noV: however, , compatibloi with
found oh the pnblic is, f.r similar rea the interest of tho people to maintain, in
Hatoins, w ho have t'mo ol peace, a regular force adequate
pnvxi'"es. wo ue4yacc pi cHircxicnsive iroBucrg.
In periods of danger ind alarm, we
tnni nn
;n ten-Is to i:n
I
I tii j7lawg of t!w mtistrciy pc!raIJyjjjna wel-orgw-vr
to' prevent I ired' miiina; and orno general arrange.
ie hth should be I m-mt that wnl re;iderthis diseription of
..i t f ! . 1 "it ! I ..
ii.wi.uai vaiuauon 01 i ra(.c or mxaner.."" mniu ,
incation of them into dS- i iHcd-or reneatal, r th nnW; UmU I eommcn ted to
W oofd it not to nractica. are to bo cons-di-r ' I Washintonlt
. - . . a . .. .. l . . . . . . ' i - -v's v v-w 1 9
lent to cassa the relative i ried bv any. the Im!,!.- W h'w. l-.Iitendv brou
c lands 1.1 the old dis- thrown orwa to c TJt i. ;n.lccndv its
111 ..1 r ... ... i.in .... i. . . 1 1 .
rjii dj rnrraculJl"wec;iM'V4vn lonxuecnasuo-
... ... 1 . r . r ...,. " - ....
moj.ipci oi a;iKui sucituac. t jit was ro
the first Conxrcss by Gen.
and - has been "since fr
ht to your notice, and re
importance strongly urged by
. .1 - I I PM .
i feijaL- that those sioa in the Coatitution that rCKieri it
nfrm to Uic laws necessary to adopran unif nu nvstcm
iial pnvilcws with f organization for the militia'thraugh-
Dut it U not bo- t 1l8 -nitfft elates, presents an unsur-
siiion of Con'Tess 1 moimtaMe ohstlclo to nnefucient
make those 1 to open the nublii nds to occtmaoev 1 rangment by tie clas Jication Iwrctoi;
, if upon the coming in without regular err s aud mvmcot of f,,rc prapmseJ, bnd I invite vour attcn-
Uiey shall prove satisfactory ! tho Govt.mmcnt n - L s nrh rn tion to tho plan Kvhieh will lo ubmit:ed
Cannot all tic objects of i must tend to wori iils than the credit by the Secretary cf War 'ftr the .organ-.
fVStUiII. WiilCIIll v: inllri'l n)WnfiF ft I I'.aUi'il Ul H..JLT Ciilis. ami I. ia in-
HyJ1"" indaftii-pn;- ttf pw ananracueai-ic, 11 not eruuv mv
seem to me that such a step, with arc- remove, as far as nittif able, the causes tajoiw, satrerf?rafarrar?5nenf
stnction ol tho sales to limited Quantities, which produce iinlwkn invin Mih.whole militia of ths United States.
luttve value, of the prices at .which
they may hei eafter be 'sold." It i
vorthy of, consideration whelheT
"justice mayiittt rbeoBeto-cvery
interest in this matter, and a veed
jqjtj -stiwri set at rest perhaps for ev?
Hy a reasonahte com promise of
m flictTri ig opintimi' Hitherto, af
tt r being offered at public s.ile,
i in is have been dis posed of at one
ii ni for at i ricci wh aie ver di ffere. nee
there might be in their iatrinsie val
C. The leading considerations
urged in favor of the measure re
ferred to are, that in almost all the
land 'districts tnd particularly id
uose in winch the lands have been
long surveyed and exposed to sale,
there are still remainiag numerous
and large tracts of every -gradatUa
of value, from the. Government
price downwards; that these lands
will nor be purchased at the Govern
ment price", to long as better can be
conveniently obtained for the same
amount; that there are ; large Tacts
which even the iraprfivemehts if
the adjacent Unds will never raise
to that price; and that the present
uniform price, combined with their
irregular valuo opt rates to pre
ventadesirable ecmpactocsstf sct:
Ueinent in the new States, to re tan I
the foil development of that wise
-policy -on.. which the land system is
founded, to the injury not only ef
.the ieyercl States where tho lands
lie, but of the United States is u
IVhflfe. X.r't:r i.S'l .. .'A - i 'ZJ.
. .Tfie remedy proposed ba been
rtiiKtion of prices 1 according to
nuaniitics.
ana for actual improvement, would but
free from all rust exceptions, ' -By
the; full, exposition of tho value
of tho lands thus lumk-.ed and extens
ively promulgated, persons living at a
distance would be liformed cf their trua
condition, and enabled to enter into com
petition with thcj residing ia the -icin-ity;
the means of acmiirin aa independ
cut home would be brought within tho
reach of many who arc unafda to pur
chase at present prices? tho popnlatioa
of the new States would he made mcra
compact, and largo tracts would bo so! I
which would othqrwisj remain on haml;
not only would the land be brought with
in the means of a larger number "of bar
nasers,miny persens possessed of great
toans would bo content to scttb on a
Itier qnantity of the poorer lands, rath
gnc'mgrate further west ia pm-iiuit
oi amaiicr quantity ot better IantU
Such & rnenfJiire would alw seen to Ud
therefore, to bsj ructK a of mij.tta officers, a more i;n-
aa-
oTi5w
single measure be?
ving all jdau5ibl(
trusioas a lhagi
ready pug rVtedl.-
dusfryan i ccon )
country would en
to accumulate th
noma ai wo lowcn I jr
without artulo'rv Of
I
lie lands, and thertetficient weps to : A nederate l increase of tho corps,
prevent mem in mire. Would anvjoi mimary ani loporaareai enzmcrs.
I etleetire in raiw has been more than once rerorr.merdcd
roimds for :tbn in- by my wedeccsior; and mv conviction
Iiiation of pfi-o at! tlio, propriety, not to say necessity, cf
I short tr;o, of jf.iino imsurw,OToraerwenat)jo trtcm xo
"anypartfowil."mn:-?',c various and Iu.prn:;r.t du
tho poorest citizen I tics imposed Dpoa them, induces tne t3
""""'fcr.f, n
tone 1 r
ir'l
.SUIT
tl
i ..irfitiKj
icy v.-..s ndortonVi
;nls ca.1 vttL u-
.HIV
.: : r m
rrovi.i-jna.anscrtcd in all the trS
?,th them, for. the application of
fundi they received in exchange, to Zt
purposcs as wcro best calculated to n?
moto their present welfare, and adva
their future cmlization.':TlicM"fil?
uresrliava4)eoaattcndod thus far1
It will be ben, by referring t0 the rc
rt of Uie Commissioner .'of Indiiii- Ir
tr (Kit li " AI.
tiAnj of tho friends and promoter liftZ -system
have boon realized. The
taws, (herokees, and other triku th-it
6rst emigrated beyond the 1
have, for:th(f mor part, abandoned tC
hunter stute, and beeo-na eultivators of
the soil - Tlie improvement in their con.
diUon has been rapid, and it is believed
that theyare now fitted to enjoy the id.
mam qf asunpl, Umn oi'ggvera.
mcnt, which has been submitted to them
and reco.fcd their sanetionj and I cannot
too strongly urge this subject upon the
attention of Congress. , ' d,
. Stiprilations have been made witaitt
tie Indian tribes to remove thum tt
vond tiio Miwissirpi, except wfih if
bam! of the Wv-hLu .kV
- r ....... i... ijiu hit .
M 4 l'K, ins Meno
sins to bay him al1111 loc rceommcnuanon.
wM.!inii bvit-oh mi 5 nvi pimnrv Acaoernv conunues to
settlurr on land.Iarwwcr a iho purposes of its cuttblish-jenre. Their, minds can be enltmH
. . .1.1... " . .1 .! tt 1 ' ,mm 1 .L r JL.
not ms own. i it t
mas-
.i.- - j u.. . . . , - .T" fli n-
tlT nrwges- ia Wisconsin,
ani ,M.amicsin Indiana. hhUbir
tho Menomoiiees, it i expected that ir
ranmcnts fbohctr Cmtgration wi
completed the ! present year. The rcsi.
tance which has Docnpposcd to their
removal by some of the tribcn, even af.
tcl xLetlti had Keen madewiih Uicw to
.$Je$LjMsj
s-vt operating dilTerently t on cachx of
them. In most instances . they Jiave
been instiga-ed to resistance by persons
to whom the 'trade with them and the
acquisition of their annuities were impor
tant; and in some by the personal info
ence of hfcreed Chiefs. Those obsti,
rkl must. 1-e.pvereome; f,r the Gorcra.,,
.cnt cannht rcnnquUh the eTeeutini of
this policy withom jraerificing important
interests, and ahandoninif the tribes re.
MainrngeasTof the Mississippi to eertaia
destruction,.! . ,
The decrease hi timber of the tribes
within the limits of the States and Tcrri
torits has been most rapid. If they be
removeI, they can be profeetcd from
those associations and evil practices
which exert so perniciooe and destruc
tive an influence over their destinies.
Tlicy can be indueod to labor, and to
acquire property, aud its acquiiitioo wiD
inspire them with feclin of indepcaj.
circumstances, U
pithv in his favor
bis readily execut 1 1 without d( in vie-Jzens individ inls jsessed of military
lea ?e to public oil Ix ' Hntwle l.v, and tho scientific attain-
A lar portion 'f our eit'wirn hare nwnts of ci il aad military enririeeriit.
witcd the nelvcs' il tlie public hxuUA At prcscn th'j cadit is b'Hind, with tho
without autliority; Ace tl passage of crnent of bis parents or guardians, to J
th3la3tprc-emo;i(;.iw. and imw ask remain m service five years from the!
thc.cnact:oeato aijdicr to enabls them I P S( JiiicnKstmrnV mdess sroncri
torctaiatho lambf reused, up-n pay. -scnargeu; inns exaenng owy one
mmt Of thy' mianum"'- Governiiieiit I Jt-a?i service hxthc Army after his d-
mjre flxnsistcnt with the policy of thai tiricc. Trvry ask alt which has been ucation is completed. This docs not
oxnjUngVsthatnf converting the tmbrf rcpeatcdly-grantcr tl freIf the futnrel appear to- me suHicient- tvcrnment
if the past hit o harm Ioul'ih m enmmana lor a longer penoa
V... ! .u ' I : J . .. i.
lie domain ;nto cuhirated farm ownrvl may be iud 'cd of
by their ocunants. Thatnolicv istcanbc ci nte to tl iterests of the Tr
best promotoi by sending emigrantsupnn sury by violiipgi
the almost im-rminablcj .streams jtjhoiAcriucal cxanui.:
w est, to occim- in wonps the bcit spots the land i sold at
ofkmt, leavinynmensc wastes baaindt introduction of cU
them, ' and eniat-;nj jho frontier be
yond tlic means of Government to af.
ford it ; adequate protioiiMit in encour.
ogte it ta occupy Wh . denwness, the
lurDing qtwsiion in rcgani 10 1 impor
tant interest. It these sugstkrui shall
in aaydegrco contribntc to thcY.com-
pu-ntocni ot imprtant a reviit, it
will a'iord mc sincere satistactntn.
In mne sections of the country
rj
lif
ieir request. tVn a the public erpenscj and I recommend
he sa cs sLico. the i" "ven years, ami uw terms ol me en
oavmetit in'lMl"l''Tncnt strictlv enforced. I
have prfxbiied. onla avcra?e. Hhj nett inc creationwf a national foundry for
rijvenuc of only siilents an aero more cannon, to be corn'mon to the service of
than tho ' " iniiiirnum poverwnent prici'. I w Anny ami .Navy of the t ojtrI btates;
Thero is no rcaiJ to sutro tiiat fu- ha bam- hcrelofora.rcciimmended, and
terTUofjr"ovor v1iictr"advar
mi l us oesi ocieiice in il conoact front i uovernmcn uierirc, has no adequate I ur oracmnce on an cnuai-ioouns wun
which it presents to th Indian 'tribes, pecuniary interest induce it tortrivci'atof other countries, and to enablo
j r mi i i 4 - j
uany oi you win onng n, the consider- triesc people ironi
ation ol it kj subject trio airtmtages of
local knowledge awl grcaar experiene,
anl all will be desirous orViaktng aa
enri? and final d:mon-'nn ofV'crv di
hp lands they oprWy, that branch of tlic sirvico to coptrrd the
for the ptuTosc of ailing thcia tootlicrs. prices of thoso ai'iclcs,, and graduate
- - . 'i m ' Itl - -.IV.- .L . r.L-.
i.mcnaining uiv views,, r rccom. sujnimiw uk nauui pi uk vtovrrn
mcad the passazc f a oiamtioii Lw njent as well as to rczulatd their quality
for thrir hrrefif, ir loanrrtinn with tho I BnJLLD?!ir?JfiCirjim
of the public lands have been !oW;
thy registers and recei vers have very (1
tie to do. It is a subject worthy of i
quiry whether, in many cases, two or
more districts may . not be consolidated,
and tlie number of 'persons employed in
thisdasincss considerably reduced, ln
deed,thc time will come when if will be the
true Kjlicy of tlw General Government,
as to some of tho States, to' transfer to
them, for. a reasonable oquivilenf, all the
rcfusa and unsold land-, and , to with
draw tlw machiuery of the foleral land
ofliccs altogether. All who take a
comprehensive view of our federal sys
tem, snd believe that one of its greatest
excellencies consists in interfering as liu
flo aipossiblo withtlto internal concerns
of -tlie Slates, look forward with great
lutercst to this result; . " 4
nreoaratorv stepsoivard the CTadintion reasons induce mo to rccommcml the
of the price ofj Uicriiblic lands, and fur- creation of a manufactory of fftinpow
thcr and more, etif'tual provisions, to der, to lc .undc? tho direction of tho Or-
prevent intrusions wrcaftcr.' Iwlulffcncc denanee othca : The establishment of a
to mm wno nave tuea on tnese lands manuiacioryoi smau nnn.i west o mo aj-
with cxpcctaliohilliat past ) legislation lgaany mountains, ojxm the planmropo-
sea oy me cccrctary oi v ar, wiu con-
at tho same! tinul removing tho most tribute to extend throughout that ciin-
HaiiibIo jrimdwh'ich intruuons are try tlw improvements, which cxii
Veif.uscd, ami; aiOT'tmg moto efficient taWishmcnts of a similar description in
exist in cs-
yAni to jfevcuJliein hereafter, ap- the Atlantic States, and tend to a much
1 rvatf to mc t)io m tl iudicious disposition more economical distribiitiori of tho arm-
w uicfi can 0i m.KB oi uus miuctill sup-.l amem reauiruu in wio wcsicib. portion oi
jecu i,)0 na)i'j9w na rcsrriciionsiiiK' vwvu.
to puaw a'niiist awsea In tho Mivntinn The svs
of a promiptifh iw," will necessarily west of the Mississippi, commenced by
attract th careful Itentioa of Cona'ss: IMr. iferson iii ISO 1. has Urn steadi-
but under 10 circulstanccs is it connid- lv persevered in by every succeeding
cred expH)',!jnt t-1 authfirize floating frcfMcnd, and may bo considered the
claims in liny shaf. tlipy have l:on :ttloi policy of tho country. Uncon
heretoforeJaiid doia less wV'uld l here- nccted at first'with any well defined sys
afurr, moi prvhfic Iurccs kf fraud and hem for their improvement, the induce
oppression, ar.d ins fad of oYcralinjr to I ments field out to the. Indians were con-
confer tho f ivnr of hc Government on fated to the greater abundance of game
iiidu.it rio-fc cttlbr..kr4 oncn uWdnn'v tn I to bj found in the Westi but when the
J minister lb a silit of cupidity lit tho ex- beneficial effects of their removal , were
I . i .
- wr ' " n "
meat end crjovir;? its advattaiei li
the r ;7?ssioa of property, Jtairiede,
and a ipod Government, free to mw
hat ififrrft they please to their labor,
and sharers ia the legislation by which
their persons and the protj of their ia
dnstry are to bo protected and secured,
they wilthive an ever present convic
tion of the importance of nmoa, of fcaee.
among tVmsel ves, ant of th . prcscrrv
tion of amicable relations with us. The
interests of the United Stales wouldiisF
be strictly promoted byfrce'm the re
ht ions between the General and Sute
Goyernmentl from wli has proved
mot embarrassing incumbrance, tya
satisfactory adjontmeDi of conIicting ti
tles to lands, caused by the occupation
of the Indian, and by causing the re
sources of the whole country tone devel
oped by the power of the States and
S!enrj Government, and unprovea oy
lie entennso of a white populatwa, t
Immediacy connected with thisiulv
jeet is the oMirition of the Govennncat
to luuu its rrraiy sripuiauon, m
protect the Mans tnus assembled
ineir new rrifencc' irom au tnwir
tionsand distiabaacci from any e4rf.
tribes or nations ofTndlans, or frortJ "
otler person or persons whatsocrtt,
5 trard from Ind.an hostility it oa
cr settlements, .stretching along ai
6f more than ono thousand miles, if
eaablerthe Government to . redeem
pledge to the Indians, and to afford ta
equate proiccaion ip mown cumw
require ttie continual presence w
siderable regular force on tw
and thj establishment of a chain F
mancht posts.' 6 Examinations, oi
country arc rkw making, with ft vtew w
decide on the most suitable pomts for w
erection of fortress amt other works
defence, tho results of which will bo pw-
scntcd to you by tlw Secretary of w
at an early day, blether with IP:
lor tho cflectual protection of fnendiy '
dians, and the permanent defence ul if
frontier States. rj ' A'r:l,jt
By the rcprtoflheS(5crctarv-of
NavyV herewith coinmunicatcti; it .
pears that unrcmittcd, exertions J
teen made at the ditTcrol navy
'' '.-;
.