A r A J .; ! 111' ,; A ;oi, WHAT DO ViD I I VC FOR, BUT TO IMPliOVE 0 UjsCLVKS AND BB USEFUL TO . ONE ASOTIlEIt; , VOLUME III. ASHIWORO, (N. (i) KRIT),VYt M AUG f J 1,' 1839. NUMDKR 5. I id! y i tin 4S; nf, Mm iUi ;tt!: tl. vat a Mi, IM. fie TA MA I til I lit it are J iave sOt i lit nciH arc lontL ppli lOtori (lib Jiiitt U bi nil ft o it tird tj iJcncJ J 1 I S.1 1-b i tanr ,1th, th i iillic 1 yoi !AS 1838. rumb e thf. gttsti to ; tl alild V' inity iblcd il f4 ClU nix ti I beg? d in I , all vie from and q itallhK ocatUfk rtlftra! r othcrf L' as te cDc J HUMP;) ti nt. ive cx :es f FITT. PUBLISHED .AVEEKLYr ,1 io yer the stage1 of life, Juw'.Won i!cr wo Pilars per annum, in ad varce, or Thiee Pilars, if not paid within three months from the date of the first number received. ' " lo subscription to be discontinued till all arrearages l paid; unless at tne discretion of the Kdhor. v : ? 1 failure to order a discontinuance lie fore the expiration the ' subscrip tion. year, s equivalent to a new encasement.:. ' ' .' "'V ; 11 loiters, Communications," &c. to conic post paid. V "" J ' ' ; Adverlmrnts will hcVorpiciiowly id htndwrly iwawivd t "l W per juare of UI -..ty Unl . SLu;auf c nctit, however -short, vi5l bocharg- J les than fur a 'mmmQ - Court Odvrs and ficial adverttse- u i 1 . '"a.. . I ! l hients w it m rnareo. -i-i pcTcni ih.'h r ; (we sometimes have to w ait so Ion- Tl, Ih adrerti rr ue ycarmni k entiiKl to a JsjdunioaM v3J percept rovuicd thev pay in auvance, -v. bf S. uth tlarolina, oa the cngrosstnynl ' ol'iln liU lbrgradiiatjng thopnco.yl , UPLICTKAND- Mr-CALHOU; taU: I have noile. irflr.' P i$deiu. to. retard io the sukil- e4 dciiwe, ht turn aciiun ui .tLa cjii. . . ... i . : Me lmn icrf l "the channel Jjiead of one, as the n, tjiurp are now nine new ttates ; and la the ftce bf two Qnatrn io Uiir t v ;y w nv dta vfetghtcar iff fifty-? tv. ?; mnfeing, instead ol oxKJ'slxteciU, monj than at Med of4the vlwVi and al ready three Territories, Florida, WiV Consm; and lovya, are strug'.inj for adiniskiytu AVhen i ad jriitted, which niust.bt shortly, tperej wjll then be 12 new Statesr, wi;h; tvjpnty 4ur Stiatojrs in f.ftv-iix, which, will jncreas their re lativu,w tight in this body to three &ev- But as wonderful as das been th in-; create io this body, it will be still more so, after the nextecnsust in the other. It w ill 'hj taksn next cir, and a neyk 8'jni( timent of ihe tuunibcrt. wijt' Us in;do under the lmtiiutioii ; .wln,.ju stead f a sinlu mefiiberfc being 4 U?s than one iu a ',!JW, yas lw cas Tipoi r 'soveift y atrraVlRorreprcsen- tati'Oi hi UMJ new otafes wmii!C stniMl to the old, at K-atr, a fort y " id six ty, or two fifih U the w.holeT as cr:ru lated by a ffkwl faniilinr with the- sub Wi, and iti wle accuracy J have en- . -j 1 tl . . .... H. .... ' I a., jure ronnaeure. 5 int; iw siaies, nav in they will tficn,, Jhree seventh ju this and Uu-fifihi in the o'her HouW, will, of oursej have a relative, weight ia f'O flct4ral roUce, or te,jsauie thmxin tlie jchoice of 4 President, ciViu puiuj ca h iu4 iwo. mauu, iie-uvriuui of lhhylv& nieh ir the f.ah;'- Nov ifavc .tultil the fiHure,' tve sItaU-f:ad ihM4 use of.hia .:iuia zina gryib so fr from beinq; xhaiPted or wcalcriji'd. i.t acting wjhincread Are tvsi urg:is forward thc.roYth of those 8tatot wIlli accelerated, Instead of de .creasing, velocity j, so moeh jb, that me last jwemy-sev svklein, tnUbtee li.ilcofj7,(for tlw greai Hint, tt; cure mcir lavor be;rfil'jjy fa ivo and policy m ia'ndi , Now, on low: either ,alj ter into this cei thestru2'itew thest, and its the Presiden that in tl Lch it must ever, be,) realterrwiU bo to sei and that this can best "g their peculiar views erence to ,, the puuiio of two things must fol io candidates will eni etition,' in which casrf be who shall go , farn iseqiicrice to ki ye the vote to hjin nmy bid hRrhesUV Jt w eaiyjJ eeJif.:his would-epd "Tlio public dom uiithe itohle , inheritance of the; people If Ihif union, vould bo 8quanLr(,'d,,r fatlier gambled away. in. tl;e contcsf and would thus be made. to state, in, genenl : terin my ropinioo dy: jCa cede-tKH that is not the the con- - ui i tiiuuiu ii, wuuuui viijurnin miu nuiuiitnmi worcio uispme 01 me ptib the reasons on' which jt is grouftded.v;Vi lie; lands lb the States withtrr the limits I jriiere apjeaw, to be great- of which theregpectiely h'e on: such., and cisive objections to llie measure terms and under such conditions as shall, The right to adopt-it raayi in the first at the same lime; bo just and liberal to place, bej fariJyqosUoneaV AVe hold the $ew States and sate to Ue old. ' Wo ihepubjic domain as a poncirtpo proper-imust, in a word, part with the owner ty or fayd, belonging to the States of tbe 1kip anj Administration of the land Unioti jn .their cimloderated, and not vi lying teilhin :l(e. tState$Pminns thbs& myu miuuai cudiuicf, j , Aiiey were . m ujo xpmuirws, jmi oovona, uriaer acquired eitjier by purchaseoytpf com the.operation bf tlio 'present systelij. uioii fuuds Bjloagin2 to tjier liilon, or b cession from.the States to ho. Union, to bo held as a fund in conjinon ; and I am at a lews to conceive what naht we have to niake that wmcaoeiongsio the whole at thef $ame fine, tho means of plunder iVfiion aa a tpnombn Aiud; jthefseparate and corrup'tn, and ofclevatini to iow yar the niostprylligate and audacious.-,' lund of cach;SUte.(()t seems to me that u, cannot uo-qone vnmoi a manliest Bat K' inlead of tall the candidate , breach 'offtrust and'a' violation of the lavor of the new States, a jcouxJuOicirJnlfirtvnd 'at vf the old Slaiea,.,ilie nts would, indeed I be, vari- ultiipate rciuU would oe the Hti 8ujji)Si!Joii each of the would resort to meah best ,th . secure the section on C,on!,,,uWon. , Tliia is no tJew.opinion, fjrmi:d lor-thfiiijjiy'afco the putrary, 'oriHe when; ps "au'hjor first introduced the , mcarey.lid when he arid myself ; thought iiliU as td lhe ne--cessify of relieving, the 'Treaury iif Its surplus, i i order to avoid the ddhi:ul!ieJ and the dancrs , whicl) have since foJ as a tennwrar' measrcjut relief aeaiost a ttetssiug. evil I but npossulo mr me io oruij my jmiua io assent j9 tne righUif adopting iU-'jA t4i'VV 'W- r " ' ' I a 1 . on this bill and H brdr to avoid the past changei in tl I'jcessary codsumpuoo 01 lime, 1 w-j en vcars wur appear, as notinni', co nd tostato ai cvuteisdy as p"Mwiblehnred with what wdl takd place in the v t-iKurciii inc nnuyi i.hi.t v vo imi- nnxi iivcuiv. seven. ruiiiess soino iimuru- ucd in tcference to tiw public lands ! Inw within the limits of Utw Mates; ud mv reaiom fwf vottnar ajraiDst the f n-n-ossmcnt of this bilL I shall begin s ttli premising that I am ) Vervat noxt'tvveiltf-evtn unless soirie imfore- seen occurrc nt;e should inter vene to re tard ; their pralress. If, my tnemor'y scrrei 5ne, our. rpufafVai:twcntv-scv- I en yeirs ago, WiiS about seven- million ; and out' annual increaisp then, tliutVis, mder strontixonvicliyn, boitL foinb.:the excess 6f birtht over deaths, includ ervatkm and rcfiectiou, that we nave in einicration, about two hundred thou irrived at the period vrbea an eirtire iat,J, estimting our growth HJh't devolution of our bind iysjaro,'a'. far as j percent. tompoumL' Since tuira, c u is at 44iyu4atoaausitiA S'oidabto. T liey lave, hi fact, outgrown h.tw millions; mak Ihe svstemv , pmce in nm: uoii on, awv aoout nxiecn i reased-aot-loss our than seeking lb part nhoun he.ulhefs train f e d, bur t! snina . I taiididat'. cale'uliHi wlwe sifnort he mlcht relv.' Thise 1-Aved. . IWietw. therfj that it would lookimr th u iKiv Slates would m;h !.'! to elfectuai jdr that . buroose. and more the xfline the favorite policy ot those easily adopted thad any oiber, I exam- o. .. I ..r i .J... ' . . i i' . i . i . ' i ;n...i .)...;). .nii t.aiU t: ...i - Qiascs reieieoro 10 wvs puuiic mnus: i'i'u " h iv,.fwuui cuiuijccu while tfctlier woul naKe the Oj'jw sitcVxfcma in favor of the old Sta'jfi. Now, ihenr w reflef tliat the iiew.a'ndi the olJS;atts"irljst necessarily, from! .i a I- ''.'- . ". .-'."..... I ., . i ma aiieroni jiosmhhi ar,a reiaiion t me publi 4hdr enter? ftin" very d ificreot vittWiofje policy tliaou!!t to bet'rjr stedjiti relation to ihena, "in almost e ery Bint so iniwdi so; that th' one jihlsconsidVr that but as the . demand's of jJt.ce whica th v other shall regard as ifjhh'.i iihorTipf pi'ii plunder, as we. bad witnessed in this discussion ye nnl t rm hhM conr.f ptio'a' of tftO'Vio- loile ol.ihe conflict whicrf must ciisue iofie c;i3Crsupposed.: We have' had, e i n ia Uiis early; sta',e, and on this ve. question, tome indications of what ma? expect. The- most Violent an- osity and hatred w;ould foltdSlv'-and cry man.; be bir motives ever so pure id natriotic, would be resardcdl the i iehd'or the enemy of the new or the Id Nate, as his opinions lavorod the KHy of the tme orth? otherrThe "fl ing the prcseut prob- Fnal termination .of the conflict would I!L .1. j. -. . 1 I .f I ' , lin . ' r wnicn, on inc samejoot ne uououuu ; w naiever .tura-t oi ihey have ccme Into; eaUtenct. , tmve ' ata, will make our annual increaao at I fortune might occur, iu its progress, the Vacd ihAHixb a state ol intancyraod this time but ltttfeahortofhaira tnuJion new States mi iave now, arrived at manhood. ;lhc the greater part of which wul hud thei vttem which was visa al iust at firsts homes iqihe new States. ( ' V s neither Vrse, not" jtwt applied to tiwiri J,,; J will not .euler iuto a minute caleula aVirir cnanged condition. - . jtion as to' tha. effect of thi great i lf 1,. ln.nnt ni'lcKi if. PfDsi dent. . on-i .m lli.t volilivM wnt.'til rt lhi fie i flui : nriseoL dWutsioii. aUul Uw ;Bnd oVl Stales at the next succeed;! owl's of the new States; but, if I luaiveiirus. in ISuU.- It ia kufficient to sa udgeTrom the various meciuies pro- Uiat it will give a decided majority rwid o tm tret?oiil occasjou, we nave, it,A lormer. outu in uk House ii rey u ither realized us raoidav, nor-Uie tuvjicntaiives in tlw eliictbral co.luier a i voidable chflngc id ?ur , land system ;-0f course, in the Government t jndjhji h jwbkti iwt folkw ')in iti' Jtiarfreif : iu the lu,n- laco of om generatja id Wnderful growth'' U,' indted, oiw of AluUVthc centra of politiaT power! as W.U w.HiW hbiifist bevond the i irrash Liutn th4ld atd new States, kill Winginatioifc yVhciiigo back twen-.; Wvo passed from die fottner totheflat? feWevel)earT to the period ' whcit Ijer.. 't :f - ' f.' "".l W L I -oust and compare what Uo new. states tulta kloro us, I ask, not- whotlifei 't thch' were, to w liot they now are, I aw ; would bo w tsc to coiimiuo ,u oiij sys ! st hi Wonder and amazmnenU' 'iWo tcm j nO, sir 1 a far bolder qmition, it nothiog like it iu hwtory. At thatTWiV 1 it W. ptMttabit 1 "And ;ti:no there S as wit a . wgw. new .oute. practicable, would i oe um io aru-f-t ? aoyl must, in the end,t preyaiL I heir relative increase is lar more rap id,;hnn tlic(d so much so, that after 1850 .that is, after the third Presiden tial election froin the next -thev would ha left, as 1 bavo shown, in undisputed possess. fi.ol, no held. Iu the mean time, while the trugle is going on, the . 1 I i i . a animosity wouut annv increase on ooin bitter it would become, 'and the more certainly. and -completely- would the present system bo overthrown, if indeed, the Union itself should be strong enough 10 withstand tho shock. r Such must in evitably bo Ihe fate of tlw present sys tem, should we. have the lolly, 1 might say the madness, to attempt to continue it as it is, bo far as the new" States are concerned, regardless of the great chan ges which have already taken place, aim ino inn more miziuv in piwresr, The evil die ia ownenhio nududmih titration, und without parting v'th . them no permanent oreffecikalrcrrit. dy can It t applied "f t v f fBut wfiat shall; ber the terms i what portion of 'the proceeds of the sales pf. those lands shall be left to the States, to remunerate them for tho expense, trou ble, and responsibility of their adminis tration, and what ' portion shall be paid oer txtbe-Coveroinent annually as'a conVpensatioa lorVthe "tland? I am not prepared to anrwcf this Question.';' I decision must, depend on a careful at. minute eiaiiiinauon of n il the facts ai1 circumstances of the case.': ' jBut 1 a I decidedly of the opinion lhat 'the porno, to be left to lha new States ought n6t only to-be ample to cover the trouble,- expense, and responsibility ot pianaga- ment, but very considerably beyond, i' as to ouite their interest with ours, r order to give stability to the arran ment and insore care and fidelity w ; maiiascipeoUi Restinsr my leslima4! , iiui suppos? thjs duaculty surmounted, I the compensation on these crjnclp 't there are others,, whlefi l jregard aiirt- Uveaapposed that the hew stage rm :fit surmountable., ' Aifioa therrrihe fiscal pay over annually one-half of the gross 7 objeciioil is very' formidable. The rev- proceeds of sales to the Cpvernrnenl, and i euuo from, the lands cannot , be spared nave an ample sum lef ir their com. ' , at present, aod,if; distributed,, as. pro- pensation. But this is-. r 4i estim-itc. .' pojeu uy me lueusjre, wou:a uecessari- wiuioui iumcieni oaia, i ot court, ly Uirow the whole, expense of ihe Go- liable to be increased ore., .i&hed afttf ' verninent on a single source the duties a careful' calculation foovied on Tacts. ' oa'iniports -&al which must be fol- VVith these iujjrestions a fotha' lowed bv their increase. .This would terms, I next proceed.to the condition neither be fair, nor eq jal ; and to which on which the lands Citzht to bedisrxscd J, reprrseniing in part, a portioaof the 1 of, 1 propose toaugjestonly the most VUiuu, nuii.il iv iuu tuacu UUlUCiJ I uutiiuiviu, wiuivui UltUUUlK iu a lull wwttd mainly jair, cannot assent r enutnerationv ;v, i. . i But as formidable as is this, there are 1 In order, to-give 'stability to the' ar-' " others far more so, I would, meet, or rangetnent, it will be indispensable that avert the approaching danger, I would the whole transaction' should assume tha still leave the 'public lands in the new form of a compact; and for this purpose, oiaies, uuuur 010 operaouu 04 me present uiai vuugress snouia pass an aqt Con systcnirand -theobject tjf "violenroti- taihingThenerms" and" conditions of "the-" flict between-jlieru; and the old St ates, transfer; tat that each of the ne w States v with all the cala.iiitous consequences to should pasi one, on their part,' to be ir-1" which I have ad verted. ; Instead of piei revocable, assenting to the same, before venting the danger, t it would, in fact, it is made.' The act of Congress should, hasten and aggravate ..it, " it niay be of course.'" determine- what part of the laid down as a maxim, that nq measure proceeds is to be paid annually to the can' avert it,' which is not adopted with Government, and the time and manner ' the approbation and consent ot the new of payment; and also tolprovide .foc states; l'r Uia simple reason that they keeping regular books of accounts, to bo must soon become the predominant pow- open loathe inspection of the Govern cr; w hen that w hich was established a- ment, so that the exact state of the ac- gainst their consent ivould be certainly (count between it and the States, may, overthrown, . Such would be the' case at all times,' be .ascertained by the for- with the measure under consideratioL.mer.v -i ' ' 1 '"' If adopted, it must not on;y be without The act of Congress should also con- the consent, or. those states, but with tain ail trie prospective provisions which uieir sircuuous opposiuon, 01 wuicn we may pecome necessary in me future ad have tlie mens! conclusive evidence on ministration ofahe lands under the ar tfie present occasion. -When moved ranietuenft and should then orovide that by it author, as an amendment to jhii J the land laws, as modified by the act, uui, 11 w, vioieiiuy ppHeu . bi we ana as iar at iney are appacaoie 10 tne threshold (frona Uiajt 'qaarter, and re- new state 4nf things, shall remain un- , ccived but a single vote from the new changed, without the " consent of Coni C. I. I- . . : : ' 1 ' e-tt - ( , p,iau,-s. .11 is uui . uuwussarjr 10 joquire i gress . a provision 01 uns una would, whether this opposition pn their part is he not less essential to the States,' than (Uliio.) I cxciuda.lveuiucky, nenncs-i fv io continue tt, till ocertnn !. nd AlaiticI alf of which havb bean l hi force of unavoidable and irAskti ad. ui' ted since the adptiort of the Voa-llU cuiurtf I ak, what would be the stifution, and limit my remarks la those ;cfiect of such 'struggle! .- J'tuld it winch have since sprung up on U10 pub- j not be to excite,' in the urn instance, an lic domain,;, ' v ;, ..;- imosity and discorl between the fid and Oliio had then tut tino rt-prcsentaliveincw States, and. in lha end, to overthrow intliebiher l.onse. Jeremiah Marrow.1ihe entire land sviteimwilh thcJccrtain anLt.'i mid w-nsihla man. who wasjit: Ln.L ukiniatelv: of tlic' public 4omain t .. - , -- 1 . . , .1 .. .1 I ...... 1 . I It f? - that time at the head 01 the torn mittee on public bnds, and bad the confidence t f the liMirKJ so conitdelolv thai his voice wig tho law on all sul jocts counectcd V ith them. v S little interest' did they, ot that, time, textile. There wero then thirty two Senators in all, of which 0- j.io had,l.fcours, lvy. tinit is, the oiie sixteeuihrof the. while. In the elector al collcg-3 'she had three votes,; which ir.itde her wnlit atMiut the oii'j-fiikenth iu that bfnJy a weight Scarcely fell or cv.imutud in the. political movemeuts of tiie vtrt. iv's';"'v .C7"..' 1 ;Suc.i, ti ih if time; was theTn'farit and leiit'lo condition of tho iW; Slates. Since uV.n; in n eriu'd ixit little fxceedt ing that alloUe i to u single geuetution, 1 shall not on thi occasion, attemt)t formal discission ol these pointi. I pro pose in order to illustrate, sjmply to hhow how" Vain and danj:crouj would be the attempt to hold on to tne present systenu -under tkse great and growing dianyres. bv tracing it operation under a jingle tocc, its bearing 011 the Pres-1 t.r,.ii'tt niutiiliiii. ' : ' ' 1 .'To have a clear1 conception of this, we must bear ?n ir ind, that auei tho tiext census the new States will have five-twelfths ,of tho electoral .college p and, of course, compared bcithct. . of lha other sections,, a controlling voice in tho idection bf a PreHidcnt tie who keeps this 111 mind, nnd underiauils1 the workings of llmhuaia:i heart, aud'o'f .wai Zt rea "V?, or not whT t rg- turn next to the deeply imnortant qucstim of remedy, which demands the most prompt and sotem a consideration, both ot the bovernment : and ' the com (nunity.' The question is, w hat means khall wo adopt to avert : the t. mischief which J havo shown to be so rapidly ap proaching, and ' which must inevitably soon arrive, if not prevented by somo speedy and e'hetent measure T "Airea dy ne has been jiroposcd, originally brought toward to relieve a distended treasury of its burden, but which its au-1 thor (tho Senator from' Kentucky,4 Mr. Clay) has renewed oh the present 'oc casion, doubtless with the view, in part, at least, to meet tho growing disorders of tho system. ,v XJIs proposition is to. di vide the proceeds of tho public lands a mong the States, with' the double view, I suppose, to a mdro eual participation iu llio advantages of the public domain , 0 - , - by the mettibers or the Union, and to preserve the preseat system by a more vigilafit guardianship ot the Mates. I dij not jioW intead to' discuss the 'merits of this measure My object is simply, to-4ha-Govcrnneii tVritriotrHt there" could be no stability nor uniformity.i-T Without it the btates would, in a short . time, enter into a competition-lg turn the current of immigration, each ' towards itself, which, would commence by a re- . duction of price, and .end by a loss of the lands. -But with the provision pn posed, the ;,! system : would retain its uniformity, and become more stable than v at present. V -':AJ 'r ,. To enforce the faithful execution bf the compact the act should also contain a provision that, in the event of the vio lation of the conditions of cession," all grants thcrcauer made by the State should. l)b null and void. : This would place the compact under the protection 6f the courts of theTJnioni and make it suit of mere prejudice, or of deliberate . .1 . 1 ' .-i , . : .1 . conviction mat 11 is nosuia 10 uieir in terests. .The fact itself, that there is an almost , universal and determined resis times to the mesure 011 their patt, rurht or wrong, is, of s itielf, sutficient proof that it cannot; be relied on to avert the threatening danger ; On the contrary Us necessary effect must be to acceler ate; and aggravate it. Its adoption would, ; at once, brins the old and new States into violent conflict, in which the former would be arrayed almost to a man, in determined ellort to overthrow the arrangement, or some more hostile measure. Add, to this that the. Presi dential contest would not fail to run into the controversy, and thus 'redouble the rVMliTiirit Burt nriimiwitv. u ilk nil tha rK 'iitx-nat rf fhn Stt-iln anit ila'oitivnna fatal consenuftiices uhich 1 havn chnivn . t. !.iri'A it. . In this nnni'tiiMv iKa : must follow from blending the two. v 1 liberal aflowanco" proposed to be maict ; y ' Assuming, then, that the scheme is to the States, in order to unite their in-r 7 f both objeciionable, and ineflicieot, tlio i terest with ours, would be. important. uiiesiion nirain occurs, what ouht to be 1 ho. revenue which thev would deriva done.! ;i Aly" mind is made-up,' alter the', from "thetaiid would bo applied to roads, ' most serious and ' deliberat reflection,! canals,; or oilier; improvements, tha' , ' -that there is, and can be, but otic rolue- would 'cVcaf'e.. a powerful interest in ft" t a: (

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