J. Monday, June 9, Ui3( TH2 AESSVILLS 0AZSTTS-I7STr3 i i ii 1 1 iii i i 1 1 in I I M I 11 1 llUf H W M m It. ar 1,1 t T. III JV-Jk KM aasaaM ik-MV I - f Yir&aL. A. 'in I Rearing Goslings. I have always used large, full feathered hens for hatchings, only al lowing the geese to sit on the last eggs of the season. A good broody hen will steadily sit the 30 days occu pied in the Incubation of these eggs. If she be given no more than four eggs and they are set In an earth nest and turned once daily they should In almost every case produce vigorous goslings if the parent birds are healthy and well matured. Some people find a difficulty during the early days of raising in the ten dency of the birds to fall upon their backs and an Inability to right them selves without assistance, necessitat ing combined watchfulness or loss. This, however. Is a nuisance that may be avoided by the use of the eggs of mature, sound stock only, the weakness being absent in the progeny of old birds in good breeding condi tion. The actual rearing presents no diffi culties to one qualified in poultry raising. Long brooding is unnecessary and an ordinary hen coop is sufficient to accommodate three or four goslings and a hen as long as it is necessary to leave the latter In charge, but dur ing the first days the gosling's run, which should be on short grass, should be limited. The best diet is a simple one anil Tor the first few days I have found nothing better than stale bread well soaked and squeezed moderately dry and mixed with a liberal allowance of dandelion leaves, well chopped and free from stringy pieces. Hiscult meal may be used instead of the stale bread but It is more expensive and the re sults are no better. By the middle of the first week ground oats should take the place of the bread, mixed with a suilicient quantity of grit to make the mixture Tjmbly, the dandelions being com i:r.cd. The green food may be gradually reduced and finally abandoned when the young birds are grazing freely. They should commence grazing at cl cut a week old. Upon a good grazing ground and with a sufficient supply of soft food mixture, of which ground oats should be the staple ingredient, goslings will progress rapidly. W. It. Soils and Climate Adapted to Growing Good Sugar Beets. Ry F. W. Roeding. Cultivate the Blueberry. lilucberrles thrive In acid soils and there Is a large amount of naturally acid land In the east United States that are fit for nothing else on which blueberries could be raised profitably. There are two methods of propa- Soils suitable for the culture of the "'"euerry p.aiii. me u.u sugar beet under irrigation comprise hil h is """"d "Pland soils, la to practicallv all classes, from the heavy j8-'1 h Pla"s ln renches or separate black soils of California and Montana ' holes in well rotted peat about a foot to th r,n,tv ,n.t nt of river eep and mulch the surface well with bottoms and mesas. The clay and clay-loam soils require much more work than lighter soils, and are more difficult to put into proper tilth. The forming of a crust after rains or after being irrigated Is also a disadvantage. These soils, however, contain a much larger percentage of available plant food than the lighter soils and under 1 leaves or clean sand. I Give plenty of room for the roots. The soil should afford good drainage as the Ideal condition of the peat about the roots is one of continued moisture during the growing season. The second method of field culture is to set the plants ln a peat bog after it has been drained, turfed Rnd deeply Sheep as Soil Improvers. Weeds and Coarse : Grasses May Ho Converted Into Money Through a Flock of Sheep. Eastern Eyes On Alfalfa. A carload of alfalfa seed shipped from Oklahoma to the farmers of the New England states opened the eyes of the eastern press and caused them to give much publicity to the Import ance of this valuable harvest. This carload of Seed consisted of about 600 bushels, worth 17. BO per bushel, or $5,000 ln round figures. jit was retailed to farmers at $10 per bushel, or more, dui even at inai By R, S. Curljs. It Is universally accepted that sheep droppings under like conditions eon tain a larger amount of fertility than that from either the horse, cow or hog. One of the desirable features of this product Is the uniform distrl- vrletl n was cheaper than any other button made by the sheep over the;Fee,j thev could use for producing land. In the leading Kurupean "o,rt-1 stock food. - 1 tries, such as England. Scotland, The newsnaners of the east have Beets showing effects tit early and late Irrigation. No. 1, Irrigated August 9: Xo. 2. Irrigated July 26; Xos. 3 ami 4, irrigated July 17. favorable conditions will produce heavier yields and are not so easily exhausted by continuous cropping. Intensive tillage, which is so Im portant in the cultivation of this crop, has a marked tendency to render France and Germany, the value of sheep In Improving Impoverished or naturally thin soils has been recog nized for centuries. It is stuted on good authority 'that many of the soils mulched with sand Just as for eran- would be almost worthless but for berry culture, except that no provision the fact that they are densely covered need be made for rapid flooding of the1 with sheep. In these countries flocks bog for winter. The ground water of of sheep aggregating two or three the bog might be kept a little lower thousand ln number are not uneom than Is usual with cranberries. nionly seen. The various breeds which There Is great difference between naturally Inhabit 'the rough moun the genuine blueberry and its counter-; tain lands, and the precipitous cliffs feit the huckleberry. The blueberry ' nf these countries, w here only scanty is plump, large and its seeds are so aTH coarse herbage exists, manifest sma. iu oe mmosL unno.i. eu m. ,neir great value In making omer-, many tImps greBter than any other iimnicr'rii., .i it, .1,1 1 ,,i,u..i .. j wise woriniess lana. onus ui prum- a bony covering like a minute peat :it,p returns. pit which crackles between the teeth.! Much of the nullled land and waste The blueberries stand shipment i,msides of this 'country could be utilized protltably in the production of sheep. Many prominent farmers have proved this to their highest satisfac tion. Much of the land which now grows reeds and other coarse vegeta tion can be restored to profitable till age by the use of sheep. Fortunately advertised the Importance of alfalfa and so have most of the agricultural colleges, but the farmers who read western farm papers are Just learning what it means and Its popularity as a reliable and profitable farm crop. Where the ground has beeri pre pared In the proper manner and pure seed sown under favorable conditions alfalfa has produced from ope ton to a ton and a half per acre at a single cutting. As alfalfa always produces two and sometimes three crops a year the yield Is much larger and -the money-earning capacity of the land well and if growers will take pains to Insist that their product be not con fused with huckleberries and sold at the same price they will be better off. purity. As provided for ln the con tract between the beet growers and the sugar manufacturers, the selec tion of land suitable for this crop Is subject to the approval of the manu facturers' field men or superintend ents. As these men are usually ex perienced, their judgment should be relied upon largely. Climate naturally has an Important bearing on the desirability of a district for beet culture, and in ;- general way these heavy soils more friable, and It I it may be stated that at least four or has been found that the yields In-' five months of growing weather are SKIMKATIXt; SMALL SF.KDS. The seeds of eggplant, tomato seeds and other small seeds may be sepa rated, showing the good and the bad. by nieans of wpak brine. All seeds that swim in water should be rejected, and a further separation made by placing the seeds that sink in water in a weak solution of sugar or salt. The percentage of seeds, large or small, may be determined by the den sity of the solution employed. Those that float may be removed. This gravity method Is simply the old-time practice of "brining" wheat, barley, oats, etc., but can be applied with advantage to seeds of much smaller size. create from sear to year up to a cer tain point. In one valley in California, where beets have been grown since isss. some of the black adobe soils save the largest returns after ten years of continuous cropping without fertilization. The depth of the soil is one nf the prime considerations in the growing of sugar beets, as the beet is deep rooted. Therefore, lands with a hard- necessary to the successful production of beets. The. success which has at tended this Industry throughout the arid and seml-artd regions may be attributed largely to the distribution of the rainfall. The absence of rain at the time of harvest is an Important feature. In the more humid sections of the East and Middle West vain may cause a renewal of growth after ma turity, w hich results In a great reduc Many good breeders let the sow wean her pigs In order that the change may lie made gradual and that the growth may not cease when the milk diet Is left off. A better plan, however. Is to give the pigs access t.i a little grain before they are weaned that their stomachs may be better ac customed to the change. The roots of the small grain crops, ns wheat and oats, are more fibrous than the roots of such crops as corn snd the great mass of the roots of these crops i, confined to the furrow sllcp. For this reason a well prepared seedbed is even more essential than for the eoarser feeding crops. pan formation within IS Inches of the t1"" 1" the sugar content of the beet, surface should be avoided, not onlyTn locations, therefore, where mols ..i! a ..-omit of their interference with ' ,ur? is applied artificially and can root growth, but because of their thus be regulated to cause maturity at tendVnoy to lose moisture. Low. wet a certain stage Is without doubt an lands should he avoided also, no mat-; n'''d for the successful fostering ter of what character, as they are . "f ,h,s Industry. usually 'cold'' and prevent rapid de velopment of the crop in the early stages of plant life, while the later growth is kept beyond the time when the beets shouldmature, thus causing low sugar percentages. Alkali Is to be considered also, es pecially as most soils throughout the West contain alkali in greater or smaller quantities. r!eets will with stand the effects of alkali to a greater degree than any other summer crop, hut strongly Impregnated soils retard the proper development of the plunt as well as lower the purity of the Juice, rendering it unfit for manufac ture Taken altogether, the best soil for this crop is a clayey loam of good depth, which contains sul'leient snnd or silt to allow Its being worked Into a finely divided unlit' a. The under lying soil stratum should be pervious to water but not so course as to allow of rapid percolation. Such soils are found In nearly all the present beet growing districts and are usually the producers of large crops of beets of good sugar percentage and high Floek of Shropshire Ewes. the eheep Is a ruminating animal and with the compound stomach can make use of much of the coar3e grass and weeds which thrive on these de pleted soils. "' In European countries where sheep raising is carried on extensively and usually profitably, little concentrated feed Is used, except through the flush ing and lambing season. During other periods hay, grass and roots form their mainstay. Any farmer who Is willing to give to sheep the same amount of Intelligent care that he gives to other livestock will find them not only profitable, but good soli Im provers, bringing . Into cultivation large areas of otherwise waste land. farm feed that cpn be raised on New England soil. It Is a wrong theory that alfalfa cannot be raised In the east. Many farmers have tried It and failed, but the failure almost in every instance may be traced to four things: Sour soli, lack of bacteria, insufficient preparation of the soil and impure non-germlnatlng seed. Lime will sweeten the soil. Soil from an old alfalfa field will suppy the bacteria ' and the application of common sense and patience will do the rest. Alfalfa will do more to restore worn out farms of the east and south and do it more cheaply than anything else. Quack Grass Is Considered One of Our Worst Weeds. By W. Ii. Oswald. ' Farmers should study weeds, learn how they grow, when they mature seed, whether they come from the seeds or from roots each year, ln what soil they thrive best, and many similar features of weeds. Then the question of eradication would be more easily solved. A weed Is most com monly known when It Is In flower or In fruit. Very few persons know weeds when they first come up. Know the weeds In every stage and condi tion. Start with a few' of the worst kind and gradually extend your ac- GROWING Cl'RR.YXTS. Currants should be propagated by division of the plant. Where only a few bushes are wanted they may be obtained by separating rooted canes from the mother plant, but ln nursery culture plants are propagated by cuttings In the fall. They aro made about 8 Inches long and may be rot out in rows at once or tied up in bundles and stored in a "pit over winter. Make the pit ln well drained soli, with the butt ends up and covered about 6 Inches deep with earth. Set out In the spring as early as the ground can be worked. The rows should be 6 feet apart and the plants 4 feet distant in the rows. Frequent shallow culture should be given during the early part of the season. A Typical Shropshire Ewe and Kam. Quack Grass. Showing the entire plant system, both above and below the ground. qualntance. When you know the weeds, learn the methods of eradica tion. Quack grass, which is one of the worst seed pests, flowers during the latter part of June 1 and ripens its seeds in July. ' It Is propagated by underground stems as well as seeds and these stems are often scattered on the hoofg of horses or by ma ehlnery used in cultivation. The weed grows In many kinds of soil, but thrives best In rich soil. Its seeds occur In' wheat, rye, barley clover, and timothy and brome grass, Smothering by plowing and thor Oats and Peas. Every year I am coming to .i. reclate the value of oats and 9 a summer forage for the .?!! little and as a source of tt,.i- P winter feeding. These cron. ... J" coming more popular every year T this section. They are very palatahi and nourishing, easy to cut and ha pastures are short and dry. , , " a succession of sowings win green feed for a number of We.v? These crops should be sown as as possible and the Ideal wv i. J. sow the peas broadcast and plow them ... ...w.co utrp wun a one'. horse plow. After four or five davi put In the oats about two Inches aeeD They will come up about the ,. , , i ,1.. . Ile lima miu int pciui win nil better and stay green longer for being planted deep. :.' ' On account of the rush of w.w duirfng the aprlng and uncertain weather conditions we usually mix the iwu iwiiua vi oeeus ana compromise by drilling as deep as possible, putting in both kinds of seeds at one opera tlon. The ground should be rolled and planked so that the crop can be cut with a mowing machine or scythe. 1 prefer to use about two bushels of peas to one of oats, although I fre quently vary the amounts according to the price of the pea seed. For cutting green It Is best to make a number of sowings about a week or ten days apart. Two or three acres of good land should, furnish enough forage for twenty-five or thirty cows for a number of weeks during the summer. ' For winter feed they will produce more tons of good feed than clover hay and will greatly reduce the bills for grain feed. They should be sown the same aa for forage and cut when the oats are heading and the peas are well in bloom, then the stock will eat them more readily with no waste. Do not wait until the oats are formed or there will be difficulty experienced in feeding the fodder. This mixture Is worthy a place on every dairy farm. W. M. K. AMERICA'S RICHEST. CITIZENS, If all the people of the United States were as rich as the Indian cit izens of Oklahoma the wealth of this country would be far above that of all the rest of the world combined. In dians of Oklahoma own enormous ough bare culture Is the best meanslareas of land, buildings, banks, live of eradicating quack grass. The best results will follow when the treatment Is given ln hot, dry weather after the root systems have been somewhat ex hausted by the growth of plants. The seed should not be allowed to mature, however, or If mature, the grass should be cut and burned. ! Where a field Is badly infested, It should be plowed deeply from five to eight or more inches, as soon as the hay or grain crop Is removed. The plowing must be well done and all portions of the plants turned under completely. A Jointer on the plow will aid ln turning the grass under perfectly. The plow should be fol lowed within a very few days by a disc harrow, with discs set nearly straight to avoid Inverting the sod. The purpose Is to fill the spaces be tween the furrow slices, thus stopping the free circulation of air. Following the first discing the land should be double disced frequently enough to prevent the appearance above the surface of any quack grass leaves. This wilt be twice a week In warm, moist seasons and once a week when the weather Is dryer. The discing should be continued until growth ceases, usually from six to eight weeks. The following spring cultiva tion should begin very early. Short eroD rotations are useful In stock, mines and oil and gas wells. They also have much cash on deposit with the treasurer of the United States on which the government pays Interest to. the several tribes. The last report of the secretary of the Interior shows that the United States holds trust funds for the Okla homa tribes as follows: Klowas, Comanches and Apaches ' ',, ,,....,.....,.$4,192,858 Osages 8,883,708 Creeks $.091,842 Cherokee I,ti0.313 Chootaws 977,905 Chlckasaws 375,839 Semlnoles 2,097.43a Cheyennes and Arapahoes.. 800,910 Many cf these Indians also hare large revenues ln cash from oil and gas leases, and most of them are mak !nr more or less money from. their farming operations as well. keeping quack grass under control, and, when arranged so aa to provide an opportunity to attack the quack grass at seasonable times, they will permit eradication of the weed with out losing the use of the land. Sell, kill or confine all male bltds when the hatching season Is over. REVIVAL OF THE PEONY. The peony Is one of many old-time flowers wh'-'h have experienced a de cided modern improvement and re vival of popularity. This Is shown by the recent rapid growth of its culture and by the larger number of varieties that are constantly being originated and propagated. Some of the very ardent admirers of this beau tiful flower, will be surprised to learn On a farm In Clinton county, N. Y Is a large Tekin drako that loves to fight. This drake Is the bull dog of . . L. 1 ... twx - .... , . V, harn-a " 1 . 1 ...... . n . . unattractive; far l,le k"uou io oe sunicieniiy covereuj"v ..". .- iu um. vino 5 )irr so little cultivation is necessary. ' iscis us grip on us aavcrsary u n me small lawn a rew clumos im-if mini prieu umfr. ini CHAMPION FIGHTER. TUSSOCK MOTH INJURY. I ! will give a liberal reward each spring. On grounds of large extent the peony Is unexcelled. In the herbaceous bor- It Is particularly appropriate along boundaries whether alone or with other hardy plants. Massed nt turns The Peony makre a fine cut flower. (hat report on this plant give de scriptions of 26 different varieties. It la. however, probably a conserva tive statement to say that the peony Interests of the country would be bet er off If about "S per rent nf the parletlea were discarded and further propagation made from the remain ing 16 per cent of superior varieties. It la not that thee 75 per rent nf the varieties ara from it. Hut the remaining eent fill every purpose and have many more virtues than the medium to in ferior sorts. Hy growing only the finer varieties, neonle would become more anil more fascinated with this rter thrives from year to year, lovely Hover. line of the most desirable features of peonies Is the case with which they can be grown. (liven a generous preparation at the start you rnn make a great plantation of peonies with the ussumnee that beyond keeping the ground clean and fertile they may re main undisturbed for years. In the course of time they will get so thick that they should be divided and re planted, but this Is little trouble. Pe onies thrive ln almost any soil, but do best In a deep rich loam. As thry remain In one place a number of years j IV in wen l'l uiof uiigmy fireiirtro inc soil and they amply repay attention given them. Ppsde to a depth of two or three feet; add a liberal supply of. thoroughly rotted manure, pulverize and mix thoroughly. Add a little sand . or fine gravel If the anil la Inclined to be sticky or heavy. Btlff soil should) he well drained TtiA IniM nf r.ftnl. anil Him - .t -ir While th peonies ,. i . desire a liberal supply of water, tha favorite, ground should not be of a swampy or walks or drives or by the edges of Dim nas wnippcn everv M-rt i r 1 i j . Collecting and destroying the eggs of this Insect may entirely prevent mi outbreak of the Tussock Moth. The eggs are deposited In clusters and appear ns a mass nf white froth, i. hout one-half inch wide and an Inch and a half long. The egs are held firmly together and most of the clusters are located In plain view on tho trunks and branches of the trees, nature. Cover tha crown three Inches taking care that the earth is well Armed. Plant two and one-half to threa feet apart to allow for future development A mulch of coarse Mrawy manure la a benefit, particu larly tha first season. Keep well cultivated the first season, after that neighborhood and most of tha dogs. So confident la tha owner of Us light ing Qualities and Its abllitv to hold Its steps It Is very effectlva. Where low!own anywhere, that ha has at times ornaments! hedge are desired It Is I offered varlou sums of money to any unusual and attractive. It I a fine cut flower. If picked early just a It Is about to unfold and allowed to open In the house It will last several day, often week or more. It la Just as great a mistake to feed pigs toq much rich foods, particularly corn, a It la to starve them. It th dam I fed on stuff that Is purely fat tening and .without th proper bone and muacl building material th pigs will certainly suffer for It. Tbey will becom soft and flabby and lack stamina. Oreen cut bnn la on of th best obtalnabi food to Indue egg-production and promote growth. Our old friend Humus doe not stand much of a show with om farmer. Jtttr hav not yet learned that ln order to mak matorlal to laat through th crop rotation we must plow under graa sod and other crops of that kind. It taUrs a little nerv to plow under your crop of clover, for Instano. but It mut be don If w ar to U U procession. NOTES OF THE 8HEEPFOLD. Th sheepy taste often found In mutton doe not com from contact of th flesh with th wool but from some peculiar flavor In the Inner or rondary skin which t rleaad by cooking. ' ' '.. ' ' ' - - . Th Tunis sheep 1 entirely relieved from objectionable flavor a are all breeds of fat-talled iheen. ' Th highest prtaiV eheep ' ever sold In England waa a Uncoln ram which brought 17,150. person who would produce a rooster, of any age, size or breed, thm could whip the drake In a fair contest. GOOD ROMS PAY." t have noticed that those farmer who live along the roads that are kept In good condition tr the road drag are prospering Just a little bet ter than their neighbor who llv on difficult highways. Why' Because the good road fellow can get their. pro duce to market at all seasons while the others must take then- chances and when tha roads do enable them Tnasoek Motli Caterpillar and In jured fruit and leaf, where they may be easily scraped oft with a hoe or some other sharp In- rtrument and destroyed. These eggs should be carefully collected In .the spring and a summer collection should aieo be made. - .-,- Next to destroying the eggs, the use of arsenical sprays la the most efficient mean of preventing Injury by this pest. More cere In coating the under side of the leavee than la usually observed In the regular application of bordeaux mixture and poison that sre made preceding and at blossoming time, would do much to prevent an outbreak of this and other leaf-feeding pest. However, If th caterpil lar are not discovered until they have "begun to eat the fruit. It I advisable to use larger amounts of th poison than la customary In spraying for the j coddling moth.- Precaution should be taken to coat the fruit and both surfaces of the leaves with the spraying mixture. The foliage and fruit of small trees or even occasional branches of large trees that are being Injured by the caterpillars may be saved from further loss by shaking.' When the branch Is jarred ' the caterpillar sus pends itself by a strand of silk, and will drop to the ground If the shaking be continued. A padded mallet or pole can be used to jar the branches, and the insects,' as they drop may be caught on a sheet or curcullo catcher. This la a slow, tedious, method of combattlhg th pest, but by this means further Injury to th fruit orop may often be prevented. In conjunction with collecting the egg masses or spraying, banding will serve to protect the trees from retn festatlon by migrating caterpillar. This la often desirable when there are badly Infested trees In the Im mediate vicinity. The band may be made of strip of raw cotton or sticky fly paper. The cotton should be tightly fastened about the middle so that It 1 loose above and below. Tha barbed hair of the caterpillar become en tangled In the cotton fibres, ami It Is unable to pass over the band. In order to be effective, the bands should be renewed from time to time as they become soiled or matted by rain. Th band should be employed during the month of June, 'July and August. Th same measure that are recom mended tor th treatment of this past In orchard are also applicable to the treatment of (hade trees, only here more emphaaia should be placed on the value of banding the trees and collecting the erg masse. Spraying shade tree Is hot practlcaoie tor mo average property owner because the trees are usually of large size. Such operations require special machinery and men having considerable snui- Injury to Apple by the Tussock. Moll". edge of apraylng methods. 8prayln of shade tree la not aon i" great extent except when th work w directed by the municipal authorltb However, It I In the power of tery reeldent to completely protect hi tree by destroying th egg m" and banding the tree to prevent re infection by migrating caterpillar WOMAN HARDWARE MERCHANT. Is there anything In th line of business tl.it a woman cannot do and do It about a well as a manT We doubt It The greatest evidence In support of this statement I that Miss Mary A. Cuerlngs, a. very womanly sort of a girl, la maklns? a treat sun. tm get to town they usually And the ceea by selllnar ..rleuit.ir.i in.ni.. market glutted. mente at Cooksvllle, 11L Her store la a Beat as a good houaewlf' kitchen ' and her bookkeeping and business method ar the talk of nil the traveling men of the state. The highest mountain In the Philip pine,' according to th United States geological survey. Is Mount Apo, on th Island of Mindanao, which slightly exceed 10,100 feet - A GOOD COW PASTURE. Timothy and elovr mak pasture for cow. Tb hul own In th aprlng. kVw broedcaet Mil timothy with It owlnf ten pot""" of timothy and four pound of eU"" seed. Prepare the ground M i" wheat the previous fait - I f