North Carolina Newspapers

THE GAZETTE-NEWS 0U The Associated Press Berries. It Is In Every Respect Complete. Member Audit Bureau Circulation. WEATHER FORECAST. FATD TONIGHT AND FRIDAY. i v0LUME XX. NO. 269. m if nw IT DECREE IS MM IN T Considerable Uneasineis at Athens Over Possibility of Bulgarians Crossing the Greek Border. -Ed EUSSIAN ATTACK ON VARNA HAS DWINDLED Kow Appears 'Bombardment' Was Nothing More Than Tor. pedo Boats and Shore Bat teries Engagement. ASHEVILLE, N. C, THURSDAY AFTERNOON, DECEMBER 23, 1915 PRICE 2 CENTS n Traln etc QUIET NIGHT IN irajin Under Carranza Control City Is Peaceful; Gambling and the Disorderly Resort Houses Closed. RODRIGUEZ ATTITUD E v CAUSES UNEASINESS HOUSE MISSION ALLIES SCORED Second ident' ed IT ON PEACE Trip to Europe of Pres- s Friend Not Connect With Any Peace Movement. TO TAKE INSTRUCTIONS TO U. S. AMBASSADORS Carranza Troops Kill and Cap ture Force of 900 Villa Sol diers Villa 's Where about Still Unknown. Announcement of Trip at Re quest of President and Sec retary Lansing Causes Great Interest. BY SKOU Greek Premier Strongly Criti cises Entente Powers in Their Treatment of the Greeks. NO RECOlffiHO WARNING TOlGOV. IS SANTA I'SpDIBCE CASES JAPANESE Si FOR "TRUSTIES" I Discovery Made in Superior Clerk's Office That Costs in Many Have Never Been Paid to the Court. FLOUTED AND ANGERED GREECE, HE INSISTS -si- Declares Greece Has Tried to Follow Wishes of Allies, and Blames Allies for Failure. INTERESTING POINTS OF LAW ARE INVOLVED El Paso, Tex., Dec. 23. General Hot Borings. Va., Deo. 23. Presrt- Alvaro Obregon, Carranza's comman- dent Wilson said yesterday the Euro .v,.j .i ,v. uean trlD of Colonel E. M. House arrived here last night from Nogales, Soriora, said he would go to Juarez, Just across the border, late today. Juarez passed its first night under Carranza control peacefully and witn less bustle than is characteristic of its night life. Gambling has ceased, disorderly resorts have closed and the "wickedest town in Mexico" Is dull and respectable to the average tour ist. Constitutionalist currency, which Is issued to the soldiers, now has a purchasable value. The only uneasiness felt In the town and feared by the de facto gov ernment was the attitude of General Jose Rodriguez as to his surrender and the whereabouts of General Vil la, - 1 " General Manuel Banda is attempt ing by emissaries to secure the ad herence of Rodriguez to the agreement. The telegraph line to Casas Granftea whnrA Rndrieuez is Btatlonea wun 1,200 men, has been repaired, but there are no .operators. General Por flrio Rodriguez, comraanderof troops trains which yesterday brought the last of the Chihuahua garrison to Juarez, stated that Villa had sent Rodriguez forces of' more than 200 men as a vanguard to the Bustollos ranch, west of Chihuahua City, when Villa determined to leave the capital. Instead of preceding General Villa to the Bustillos ranch Rodriguez said that force had circled back to the was In no way connected with a London, Dec. 23. The dally Chron icle's Athens correspondent under date of Sunday sends an Interview with Judges Signed the Order But Would Allow No Entry Un til the Clerk Had Re ceived the Costs. Steamer Yasaka Maru Sent to Bottom by Submarine With out Warning, So Owners' Agent Reports. Sheriff E. M. Mitchell Received Order to Allow "Trusties" Friday, Saturday and Sunday as Holidays. PASSENGERS INCLUDING ONE AMERICAN SAVED If a trial judge in Superior court Early Reports Referred to Steamer as Having Been Sunk by German or Austrian Submarine. ABOUT 25 WILL BE ALLOWED PRIVILEGES Sheriff and Chairman Johnson Visit Camps Today to Pick Out Men Who Can Be Al lowed to Visit Home. city and barely had time to entrain ' s,on mlgnt haye on tne pr08pect8 of lor Juarez oerore inn viimuaiu ui Carranza troops arrived from the London, Dec. 23 Proclama tion of martial law in Greece is reported in unofficial dis patches to be imminent. Al though no confirmation of the reports lias been received here, there is evidence of growing unensiness at Athens over the possibility of Bulgarians cross ing tlie border. The only thing that lias occurred to relieve the situation is the announcement that the Bulgarian officer in command of the forces which dashed with the Greeks in Epi- rua a few days ago has been punished and that the incident is considered closed. The recridescence of subma rine aetiyity in the near-east is signalized in a "startling man ner" by the sinking of the Jap anese liner Yasaka Maru. Ap parently no lives were lost, but according to the marine insur ance men the property loss was the heaviest of any marine dis aster since the beginning of the war. The mystery of trio bombard ment of Varna, which was at ' first depicteh as a formidable Russian attack on the chief Bulgarian port, has stirred London, but according to re ports from both sides the oper ation was nothing more than a minor naval engagement among torpedo boais in which the shore batteries paruci Tinted. ll..wvr lares Russian fleet Is mid to he In the vicinity oi urd the action may have been a pre liminary to a mors Important opera tion. Ilartman's-Wellerkopf Is ones more the subject of contention. The posses sion of the summit of the mountain hi been so closely disputed In. mil itary wiiy as well as by those who i m.. MAuaminii that sn miiru military n..i. - AmoHnted Press correspondent was enlM upon last April to decide the relative positions of both sides. In tne prewnt Instance the French assert Hint they have expelled the Oermsns from their highest trenches. The Uer . .v, from tn ..ch they .s-crt the, na,- V-ord.ng to sports peace movement, but was entirely for the Greek premier, M. Skouloudis, in- the purpose outlined by the colonel , voivlng the strongest criticism of the in his statement given out In New Y0rii diplomacy of the quadruple entente Colonel House said that his mission j powers In the Balkans. The Greek was to communicate to American am-1 j premler compialned bitterly that his bassadors in person for the president! , certain Information so that they, county had been magligned and his mlirht mora intimately communicate , government attacked London, Dec. 23 The new Japanese At 1 :SO nVlni-k Tlin ftnzMtn.Vpara grants a divorce to a couple, but tells Hner Yasaka Maru, which was sunk j received information that the count: the clerk of the court that the costs. ,n the eagtern MedlterranEan sea on commission at a meeting to ho in the case must be paid before the ; held nt 3 o'clock will vote thut no the decree is entered as part of the Tuesday by a submarine while on the j ..trilslk.s.. cnn lK, anwcd to g i,OI1,e. court records, and the costs are not way from London to Japan carried; hut t"ut all prisoners will be allowed paid by the parties, has a divorce , 12o passengers and a crew of 160. flie'the holidays mentioned by the gov- the attitude of the United States to ward certain phases of the interna tional situation. Yesterday President and Mrs. Wil- "But," Mr. Skouloudis Is quoted as having said, "the mult is not ours. We tried to play the game as you Eng- I lish say, and if we failed, it is the son motored over to White Sulphur entente not we wno are re8ponsible, springs, w. va-, lur luiiuucuu, i. nco a ride of about 45 miles. Great Interest. .. , u , , ,, . . 1 . . I ,1 I V, ?n,.1. t - . . . . TTnimft iittvmis Dam, mull la nut uuis. Vahh r,n.t,rl t TVile. nnaatlnn la nil?.. sling the minds of the court officers -Yasaka Maru was sent to the bottom hero and many prominent attorneys without warning, according to a re- have given their views on the ques tion. A recent Investigation of the rec ords in the oflice of the clerk of the Sunerlnr court of Buncombe county discloses that there are approximate-1 port from Port Said from the agents of the owners. All aboard the ves sel, including one American, W. J. Leigh, were saved. The nationality of the submarine ly seventy-live cases in which actions -which sunk the ship was not men- Declaring with emotion that he had earnestly tried to see eye to eye with the entente powers ':: and to avert nniinpptiicnt Viv Pnlonftl R of New York, President Wilson's close Woodshed In Macedonia, M. Skoulou- friend and confidential adviser, that he would go to fcurope soon at the re quest of President Wilson and Secre tary of State Lansing, has caused a great deal of Interest In official and diplomatic circles here. Secretary Lansing confirmed the announcement of Colonel House but declined to add anything to it. Colonel House's; statement declared that the Bole object of ' his mlflslort would be to take to the -American ambassadors at the capitals of bellig erent nations certain Information in regard to this government's attitude on international questions. Colonel House denied that he was going on a peace mission. Officials today declined to discuss Col. House's mission owing to its delicate nature, nor would they make any response to questions as to what effect his mis- south. Rodriguez said he had burned a peace. The trip will be the second Colonel House has made to Europe since last spring when he visited Germany, opinion abroad. While what Colonel House told the president has never been made pub lic, It was learned that his picture of the situation did not change the pres ident's belief that the time was In opportune for Initiating a peace movement. bridge 30 miles north of Chihuahua j En(rlan(1 and France and talked with City to delay pursuit by the Carranza. n)(?h offlc,aIg ln tn0Be countries, troops until he could get to Juarez to, At the tlme of hg flrgt trlp ltwaa surrender. I reported that he was acting as the Laredo. Texas. Dec. 23. Carranza troops under General Trevlno engaged peace mlS80n. This Colonel Hous wnai remainea oi im im army i denied, although later he reported to battle Tuesday ana yesieraay ai oia-itne president on the state of public pula, ten miles ouunae ininuunua City, inflicting a severe defeat. Nine hundred Villa soldiers were killed, wounded, or taken prisoners, accord ing to advice to Carranza officials ln Neuva Laredo last night. The Carranza losses were said to have been small. General Thevlno, with his soldiers who have advanced rapidly In Chihua hua, during the past ten days, encoun tered the Villa soldiers moving south ward. A fierce battle ensued. In which no quurter was shown. The Villa sol diers fought desperately and the bat- tic lasted all Tuesday afternoon and was prolonged through the night un til the Villa troops surrendered ln the morning. The streets of tne village of Mapula were strewn with dead when the firing ceased. The lesder of the Villa soldiers was not learned. Troops engaged were sail to have been the remnants of a forvs until recently operating In honors. GERMANY PilOIESTED IT El Paso, Texas, Dec. U.ir-The de facto government of Mexico, Is mak ing progress In assumption of civil and military authority In ths territory surrendered recently by followers of TnV Frch claim that the, har. j y.lhV. wher.abouU wer. not only advanced In their posuinn-, 'uUtantlnllv, notwithstanding hrt that ths Oermsns succeeded in won-upylng soms of 'be trenches W had loirt. but forestalled In mumure sn offensive for which tne 0rmana had been preparing In the VftUgFS. still un- Kencrnl Von F.mmlch TmI. Itrlln. Iec. XJ. (Hy wireless to A.y,1ll.)Th death at Hanover of "rural von r.mmlch. ths conqueror t ll'io, Is announced by ths Over " News agency. Oeneral von Emmich dlsd Of H--lrola. ... "Dwipits ths admonitions of Km frnr William." say Xhs tis sn t. "O.n.r.1 von Kmmlrh WSS Uttf- lr retardless of his health, dee'srlng that m r.i,ii in t time had no knnii( to think of hli personal wsll bttng." 0nrl von Emmlrh was eommsn- of ths tsnth army corpa "id prominently In tha sarlr svsnts f ths war. helng In command of Oer nan troop, which Invaded Uslftisn. Ths hsary German l" t U't a said to havs shsttsrsd th 'Janes of th snsral. , H. U. BITTED COMPANY TO BE6IN DEVELOPMENT Boston, Dec 23. The German gov ernment on August I filed at Con stantinople a protest against ths Turkish treatment of Armenians, ac cording to Dr. James L. Barton, chair man of ths national committee for Ar menian and Serbian relief, who has made public ths text of ths protest ln a statement. Dr. Barton, speak ing for ths committee, says that Count Ernst von Reventlow, a Ger man naval xpert, In a recent state- msnt, published In ths Tages Zeltung In Germany and cabled to the United States, strongly defends Turkey's massacrs of ths Armenians on ths basis of military necessity and adds: "Ons wonders whether von Reventlow dis said: "The allies have flouted and anger ed Greece instead of placating her. Instead of dealing- openly with us they coquetted with Bulgaria while treating us disdalrffully. The result is that they have fatten between two stools. It the allies had' come frank ly to Greece and asked her aid and told hor.-iliat 'h&. could count oa a clearly reined recompense at the end of. the struggle I affirm that Greece would not have hesitated for a single moment. "Instead of this England . and France began by demanding sacri fices from Greece. We were asked to co-operate in the Dardanelles and at the same time to relinquish Kavala and Seres to our bitterest foes; to give up, In fact, our richest provinces which had been won by Greek blood, "We were free to shed our blood ln an attempt to force the Dardanelles, but we were warned that on no ac count must we dream of marching to Constantinople in the event of an allied bucccss. In fact, It was ex pressly forbidden in the event of our success for the Greeks to show their national flag within fifty miles of the ancient Byzantine capital." Remarking that the Greek had not forgotten Gladstone and Great Brit ain's noble labors ln the past ln be half of Greece, Premier Skouloudis continued. "You have bullied us and we turn ed the other cheek uncomplainingly. We honestly sought to aid you, and proffered you aid which you rejected.' Stating that ths Greek staff had offered a plan by which the Darda nelles might have been forced, but that the allies refused the advice, Premier Skouloudis contended that in allowing the entente allies to come to Saloulkl, Greece had gone to the ut most limits of friendship, but had been treated with such humiliation ln turn thut she had been almost goaded into hostilities against the entente. Then coming to the existing situa tion with the possibility of an Austro German and perhaps a Bulgarian In vasion, the premier concluded: "Ho as I see It Greece Is to be rav aged by a cruel, relentless war becaune the entente allies have badly blund ered In a diplomatic as well as a mil itary sense." have been instituted for divorce, and prosecuted to a final determination. the final decree signed by the trial judge, delivered to the clerk with in structions not to make the decree a matter of record until the cost of the case was paid. It does not appear of record that a final decree based upon the issues, was presented al all. It is now a mat- tloned by the agents and previous re ports referred to the sinking of the Yasaka Maru as having been done by an Austrian or German submersible. The Yasaka Maru was sunk on Tuesday afterwon. A French gun boat picked up the passengers and erew at midnight and landed them at Port Said on Wednesday morning. The steamship company provided ho ter of conjecture as to wnat status j tel accommodations for the passensers the parties, plaintiff and defendant ! and promised to forward them to in these actions, occupy as the coses j their destination. ' cover a period of approximately ten on the passenger list were 51 men, years. , 54 women and 15 children, most of In one case the Issues were an- them of British nationality. swered in favor of the plaintiff, butl The aKents of the line in reporting it oes not appear of record that a h dlsnstpr said thnt the nassensrecs final judgment ln the case was either expressej great admiration for the presentee, or signea. tub aeienuam. 1 skin of the captain and officers and nereaner married ana out. 01 tno fnr the dlndnline of tlie crew. Perfect union, three children were born. At!order pr,vailed during the debarka thls time the defendant in the case! tion, which wis carried out with great is dead, and the court will probably le asked to determine the status of the property rights of the helrs-at- law. Another Interesting question arises on these records as to wnetner tne clerk of the court would be authoriz ed to enter Judgments In some of promptitude. Toklo, Dec. 23. News of the sink ing of the steamer Ynsaka Maru, by a submarine, which reached Toklo to day, caused great excitement. London, Dec. 23. W. L. Leigh, an American citizen who was abard the Yasaka Maru, when the steamer was these cases upon the records upon , torpedoed bv a submrlne, was born "e Payment UIM.B coma, uw.n iu . ,n chma Hif, father wa a ,-;al,for. w. L .v. rm , ,lnlan. Mr. Leigh has spent most of his which the cases were tried exr-lrei 1- nv,io ,.i ho. 11.- "" "" . . I in England. He was returning to thA trial luria-A ina loffr Via rtlatrlpt . . ? ..... j - -- - ; ciiina on the Yasaka Maru to take a umi mo iiumuer ui me uimnui lias been changed by legislation. An attorney stated to a representa tive of The Gazette-News today, that in his opinion, by the greater weight of authority, the majority of these actions were of no effect for the rea son that the cases were abandoned before a final determination was made in a court of competent juris diction. He said that the signing of a final decree by a trial Judge and delivering the same to an officer of the court to be made a matter of reo ord upon the fulfillment of a condi tion precedent, that is to say, the payment of the costs, could not be construed to be a final determination of the case in any instance where the costs was not paid before the expira tion of the term of court at which the case was tried, and that as a mat ter of law, In those Instances where a Judgment final upon the Issue was not presented to the court at the prop er time, the case failed by reason of ths failure of prosecution. Many Interesting questions of law are Involved In position with a business house. His family are in London. Mrs. L'lgh has received a cable message saying that her husband is safe. MR. BRITT NAMED ON Republicans Are Reorganizing the Committee for Campaign Next Year. ernor, but cannot leave the camps or jail. Sheriff K. M. Mitchell last night re ceived an order from Governor Locko Craijr to give every "trusty" in tho county jail and at the two convict camps of the county, holidays on Fri day, Saturday and Monday, if the con vict had been a trusty for 10 days prior to the date of this order, which was signed in Raluigh early yesterday morning. This is done in order that the men may visit their homes and spend threa days of the Christmas holidays with the members of their family. The or der is supplemented by another to give to all prisoners in Buncombe county holiday for the. same period so that the "trusties" would receive no longer rest than those whose crimes or con duct make it impossible to give them the liberty allowed those who havo the greater confidence of the county authorities. Visit Camp. ' Sheriff E. M. Mitchell and Chairman W. E. Johnson of the county board of commissioners left at noon for the twi convict camps, at Sandy Mush for the. white convicts and Newbridge for th colored prisoners, where they- expect to consult with the camp captains an to the men who will be allowed liberty , for three days. tl Is expected that about 25 convicts In Buncombe county will thus benefit by the Christmas gift of the governor and be allowed to visit their people for three days. Two men who are con fined at the county Jail, Will Swink and O. K. Wainscott, are the on..' "trusties" there and they will be given liberty for the time specified. Wain scott was only recently brought in, from the white camp, as he is said to be too ill to work. There are about 43 other prisoners In the county Jail, but It Is thought today that none of th others will be given advantage of the governor's offer. At White Camp. At the white camp, located on San. dy Mush, there are about 35 white men, and while the officers did not know today how many would be al lowed to leave, it Is expected that eight or ten of (he men there will be given a chance to visit home. Only recently 15 men escaped from thiit camp and as all of those who were permitted to come home for Christ mas. In the colored camp, located at Newbridge, there are about 80 men, this camp have recently been consol idated with the other colored camp. It could not be learned how many of tho colored convicts would be permitted to come home, but Sheriff Mitchell ' stated that perhaps about 10 had So conducted themselves that they could be allowed to leave. The th-dcr. The same order applies to all prls- In these divorce cases with much In terest, S GF.X. MVKUAY IN COMMAND H K b t London, Deo. 13. Lieutenant K St General Sir Archibald Murray It knows that throughout ths length and H has been appointed as ths sue- X breadth of ths Turkish empire, after H censor of blr Charles Munro, n ths men (who only were capable of . I:rlllh commander at ths Dar- H ......... i- i,..t who arrnrdln to ; ! danelles. says an official stats- t Jvviuaivsss " "- a. very known v.dcnce, dl1 not rfolt) menu - . II " 7 " ' an M.nAs1 Mnnrn la a nnnlnttsA in Bf had nearly all been disposed of., the - "r - . m, st In France, to succeed Kir dour- attack fell upon the widows and or- CASUALTIES DF BRITISH tT DARDANELLES 112,921 Hrlatol. Deo. II. Ths W. M. Kit- ler Lumber company, which has Just purchased timber In Virginia and Kentucky, will soon begin what will be the largest hardwood lumber de velopment sver undertaken In ths south. The company will oonstruot railroads, erect tram roads and band mills for the development of the prortrty. The W Handy river, whim flows along the Kentucky-Virginia border, will be utilised as far as pos sible In lorfting. The Rltler company has operated In Kentucky, Virginia and West Vlr. tints for several years. President W. M. Bitter and his assistants have rid den horesback over all of the Clinch nM imu and are thoroughly famil iar with logging conditions la lh mountains of that seclloa. phana, who were driven from their1 homes by hundreds of thousands, at the point of the bayonet" st las Malg. who was appointed, H T commander-in-chief of the Brit- t b:h army In the west, succeeding H X Sir John French." , PITTSBURGH BANK FAILS ' '.'. i .m.mmm TO OPEN ITS DOORS , rittburgh, Ta., Deo, 11. Christ mss cheer here was rudely shocked today, when the Pittsburgh Bank of Revlnp, one of the best known banks in the cltf. failed to open. Tsoked on ths front door was a notice which said that the bank had been closed by ordsr of ths Pennsylvania banking department and that U. 11. Ostty, stats bank examiner had been appointed temporary receiver, , a. THE LARGEST Advertisement appearing In The Oasette-News today Is that ot ASHEVILLE POWER & LIGHT CO. , ON PAGE VtSK London. Deo. 23. The British army's lossts In officers and men at the Dardanelles tip to December 11 was 111,921. The grand total of offi cers and men Including the naval list of killed, wounded and missing con tained killed to the number of 25.179. i In addition to the number of casuul- tlea the number of sick admitted to hospitals was t(,83. The losses are distributed as fol lows: Killer; Officers, 1609; men, It, 670. Wounded: Officers men, 71,112. Missing: Olncers, S17; men. 12,114. ! for Colorado, Representative Charles B. Timberlake; Connecticut, Repre sentative John W. TUnon; Maryland, Nepretentatlve Sydney E. Mudd; Mas sachusetts, Representative Samuel K. Wlnslow; Michigan, Representative I C. Cramton; Ncbrnska, Representa- GaJiette-News Bureau The Riggs Building Washington, Dec. 23. Reorganization of the republican ronirrMuiifitifLl rjimnnJirn committee for ! these Cases and the ,h lOIA ramn&lirn for mnirrpfM IK profession, as well as the laymen, of Dr0gresidna through the selection oners In North Carolina, as each of tho the state will wnch the developments , rom timB to time bv the state dele-',her countries received a copy. The gatlons of their committeemen and j order. In full, follow: will be effected early ln January oy "To the superintendent of the state's the soloctlon of officers at a Joint! Prison; the sheriffs of the counties of meeting of house and senate republl-1 North Carolina and to the officers In cans. The following committeemen charge of convict camps and forces, have been chosen: Representative J . ! Oreetlngs: J. Brltt. of North Carolina: Repre- "Von sre hereby authorized and re. sontatlve Julius Kahn of California: quested to allow each and every pris oner woh Is and has been a trusty fnr 10 days prior to this dats to return to his home or other place chosen by -him, and to remsln swny from the camp or prison during Friday. Satur day and Sunday, ths 24th, 25th and 2lh of December; provided such trus- tlve N. r. Klnkald: Nevada, Repre-1 ty pledge his honor snd satisfy the sentatlvs E. E. Roberts; New Jersey, mincer In charge thst he will return ENNELLY IS HELD ON ASSAULT CHARGE! Representative W. J. Browning; New York, Representative George W. Falr chlld; Ohio. Representative 8. B. Foss; Oklahoma, Representative Dick T. Morgan; Oregon. Representative N. J. Hlnnnt: South Dakota, Represen tative Charles 11. Dillon: Tennessee, Representative It. W. Austin; Vlr- 2989; 'glnla. Representative C. B. Blsmp; West- vireinia, iiepresemeuve How ard Sutherland; Wisconsin Represen tative John J. Esch: Wyoming. Rep resentative Frank W. Mondell; Ha waii. Delegate Kalanlanaols. Several senators will be on the I committee when lis full complement . r mm-n- r ii i Is msde up. and also constitute part r. .m...y. f n M,out,v, committee. The a travelling salesman of Troy. N. C chairmanship of the new committee was held for grand Jury consideration . v, to d.tmnlnfA R,Dresenta- today by the municipal court on the . ev.nl. p. woods of Iowa. Is Chief of Police L. E. Perry, at t0:n charge of criminal assault, Ths prose-1 cn,(rTntni Bllt nB, n()t announced ! o'clock this morning, by a small fi by 12 o'clock on Monday, December 27. "You are further authorised and re quested to give all of the prisoners In your charge a holiday on Friday. Sat. urday and Sunday, the 24th, 25th end 26th of December, "You are furthermore directed and requested to report to me on or before the first day of January your action In accordance herewith and the results, and ths nsmes and conduct of earn, prisoner paroled." ii . 1 Small Fire. euting witness Is a Mrs. Ashevlile. The firemen were called to No. t!7 Park avenue, the house ooouplnd tv Suttle of (whether he will stand for re-election on the roof. The damage WM tety or not. small