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"OK ARE YOU A MEMBER OF THE RED CROSS? IF NOT, JOIN NOW tvitd THE WEATHER Cloudy find Slightly Warmer Tonight O'CLOCK EDITION 12 PAGES VOL XXII. NO. 317. ( ASHEVILLE, N. C, THURSDAY AFTERNOON, DEC. 20, 1917 PRICE FIVE CENTS '14 RIVAL QPIfJIONS DM HIGHER STRATEGY CAUSE OF CRISIS Can Germans Be Beaten On Western Front or On Eastern Front? ENGLAND AGAINST GENERALISSIMO Personal Controversies Over Versailles Inter-Allies Staff Differences By JOHN IXOYD RALDERSTON. (Coryrlsnt, 191 , AleCMure Syndicate, N. Y. ) London, Nov, 21. (By Mall). The United States, as was inevitable, has been dragged into the welter of con troversy, that rases about the decision to set up a supreme war council, with a permanent body of military advisers Bitting at Versailles to envisage the situation on all fronts in proper per spective, to "see the war steadily, and see it whole." National jealousies, old personal controversies, divergent views as to strategy cries that the politicians were attacking the soldiers, have all tended to confuse the real issues, bewilder the allied publics, and keep raging the fires of irrelevent criticism. Hut the issues are very simple, when the cam ouflage has been torn away, and thero Is no reason why they should not be stated frankly. By the invasion of Paly the Ger mans have raised again, more acutely than before, the old question: "Can tho allies defeat the main enemy ar mies on the Belgian and French front, and so win the war?" It is accord ing to their views upon this issue that statesmen and soldiers in Europe have aligned themselves in the controversy about the high commands and tho su preme council. . . . After a year of hammering On the west, "eastern" and "western" schools of thought arose In England and France. The easterners contended that the western front was "impreg nable." as Lloyd George said recently in Paris, and that a defensive ought to be adopted in Franco and an at tempt made to win the war by strik ing at C.nlllpoli, across the Danube or the lsonzo into Austria, or somewhere else where the enemy lines were vul nerable. The westerners, on the othr hand, declared that all such "'sideshows" wore a dissipation 'of -'effort, that the enemy must bo attacked and beaten where ho is strongest, in France, and that the decision of the war must be sought and reached there, These conflicting views have become more Irreconcilable with time. The failure of the Gallipoii campaign and the overrunning of Serbia anil Ru mania gave the westerners the upper hand, the Sommo and Arras and Flanders campaigns were the result. Now the invasion of Italy has com pelled the French and British to weak en their main western front and send masses of troops over the Alps, and those critics who were easterners be fore now proclaim that the main west ern front is and will remain impreg nable, and that the decision must be sought on the Italian plains. It is not possible before the end of the war, for obvious reasons, to print the names of tho generals and min isters who have contended In the rival camps, and who are contending to day. But the confusing tangle of ar gument and recrimination eun be un derstood, whatever turn it may take, if the reader will remember that there are strategists who believe that-the defeat of Germany must be brought about by knocking out her weaker vassals, by penetrating her armor at its weakest point, and that there are (Continued on Page Eight). T TO HEALTH OF SOLDIERS Woolen Uniforms for All Men Either at Camps or En Route Washington, Dec. 20. The war de partment has complied with all but one of Surgeon-General Gorgas' re commendations for betterment of training ,camp conditions, Secretary Baker has announced, and a general improvement in the health of the men already noted by Hold sanitation offi cers in reports on national guard di visions, is expected to result. Woolen uniforms for all troops have been provided and are either at the camps or enroute there, Secretary Baker asserted. His statement was made yesterday co-incident with the publication of the report of the divis ion of field sanitation for the week ending December 14. disclosing im provement in health conditions in na tional guard divisions, but an Increase in the number of pneumonia, measles and meningitis cases in a few national army cantonments. The only step recommended by General Gorgas which remained to be acted upon, Secretary Baker said, is that regarding the establishment of observation camps in which shall be gathered all new recruits for a period of two weeks before the men pass into company or (Ulz&tlonj at the training camps. CENTRAL POWERS WILL MAKE PEACE OFFER TO ALLIES Teuton Representatives Told Russians They Are Ready to Consider Peace on Basis of No Annexations or Indemnitiesr-Want Russians to "Sound Out" Allies on Question of Peace Petrograd, Dec. 20. According to press reports' Russia has been in formed by the central powers that they intend to make peace proposals to the allies. Russia Asked To Help. This report is published in the Eve ning Post, which says the representa tives of the central powers, at the first preliminary peace conference with the Russians, held Tuesday, an nounced that their governments in tended to put the question of peace be fore all the powers and that they had i asked their allies to do likewise. Rus j sia was requested to take similar steps. It is stated tne ttussians are enueavor ing by all means to sound the al lies. -No Si'lf-Dcflnltion of Nations. Tho Kvening Post says the Germans have officially Informed Bolshevikl headquarters that the central powers are ready to consider the arrangement of peace on the basis of no annexa tions and no indemnities, but pointed out that self-definition of nations was impracticable. Point of View Slay Change. The representatives of the central powers informed the Russians they were ready to "discuss peace prelimi naries but desjred to know the result of -Russia's efforts to induce the allies to Join in the negotiutions,hefore pro cecding with them. They said this point of view might be changed, how ever, and that they might be willing to discuss peace with Russia alone. The Germans were of the opinion that the Russian armistice might influence the other fronts. The first conference was devoted merely to a discussion of who would participate in. the negotiations. , , t No News From Washington. Washington, Dec. 20. The Russian i Birmingham, Ala., Dec. 20. A con tention of the Alabama locals, U. M. ! O. A., is being held here today for the purpose of considering the terms of the agreement rc- 'hed in Washington between representatives of tho union and Alabama Coal Oprators' associa tion, regarding tho demands of the union relative to working conditions In the Birmingham district. While nothing definite is known re garding the terms of the agreement it i has been indicated -by. union officials that they expected the agreement to be referred by the miners. TONIGHT WILL BE x "LIGHTLESS NIGHT" Washington, Dec. 20 The first week day 'lightless night" will be observed throughout the country tonight in strict compliance with tho rules of the i fuel administration. Reports received i here from public utilities companies ; supplying electric current for display lighting and advertising express -com-' plete willingness to co-operate with j Fuel Administrator Garfield in his at I tempt to relieve the heavy drain on ' the nation's coal supply. itequests jfiom vaudeville and moving picture houses for permission to continue their present display signs hnve been rejected by Dr. Garfield. Failure to observe the new regulations, It has been announced, will result in penal ties for the offenders. ENSIGN W. B. PAGE i DIED IN ENGLAND Washington, Dee. 20. The death of Ensign Phillips Ward Page, in. Eng land, December 17, as the result of a seaplane accident, has been reported to the navy department. Ensign Page was born In Boston In 188 5 and enrolled In the Hying corps of the naval reserve lust May. (m ! November 10, he was ordered to Lon don to report to Vlco-Admiral Sims for the duty on which he was serving at the time of his death. His mother, Mrs. Anna Marie Page, lives here. New Rules to Relieve Congestion. Washington, Dec. 20. To relieve congestion at San Francisco and other Pacific coast ports the Interstate Com merce commission is to establish new rules refusing to accept shipments for export at Pacific ports unless cargo reservations are made in advance and rail, port and ocean charges are pre paid are guaranteed. , Fire Bid $60,000 Damage Muscatine, Ia Dec. 20. Fire of un known origin last night caused $60,000 damage to the laboratory of the Uni ted States Biological station at Fair port, Iowa. The work of the station embraces the artlclfial propagation of fresh water mussel shells used in the manufacture of pearl button. I embassy today was entirely without advices of the progress of peace nego tiations between the Bolshevik! and the central powers, and whatever ad vices the government was receiving! through American Ambassador Fran cis, or other sources, was not made public. Some Results of Armistice. London, Dee. 18. (Delayed.) Peace negotiations between Russia and the central powers, an armistice having been reached, are assuming an aspect of importance. Dr. von Kuehl mann, the German foreign secretary, and Count Czernin, tho Austro-Hun-garian foreign minister, are both said to be on their way to Brest-Litovsk, being nccompanied by advisory suites from Various government depart ments. It also indicated from Berlin that tho main committee of the reich stag will be summoned to meet in special session in connection with these negotiations and some German newspapers interpret this as showing that the wilt of the peoples' represen tatives is about to assert itself. Another result of the armistice is that Ensign Krylenko, the Bolshevikl ! commander-in-chief, has been able to jmove divisions from the , northern j front against General Kaledines, who I is reported to be gaining new success jes. There is no direct confirmation of thA rpnnpt thnt fnpmpp PrAmipi- Wa- rensky is in the vicinity of Petrograd with an army. Meanwhile the Bolshevikl adminis tration is adopting drastic methods against its opponents, including the re instatement of the death penalty. A dispatch from Tammerfors, Fin land, says that the Russian troops are preparing to evacuate Finland, their transportation already having been Washington, Dec. 20. Investigation of tho government shipping board and Emergency Fleet corporation's opera tions under the resolution of Senator Harding which the senate adopted, the senate commerce committee de cided today, will begin tomorrow af ternoon with Chairman Hurley as the first witness. General Scott Returns. ; An Atlantic Port, Dec. 20. Major General Hugh L. Scott, IT. S. A., who is to be assigned as chief instruction of ficers of the new National army, re turned today from Europe on an American steamship. He has been at the front in France studying condi tions there. A number of United States army officers arrived here with him. Archbishop of York Coming ii ABCriBISMOP Or YORK, The Right Honorable and Most Reverend Cosmo Gordon Lang, arch bishop of York, will come to the United States in 1918 to preach dur ing Lent at Trinity church in New York city. He will probably speak in other parts of the country in an effort to further the friendly feeling between the United States and Great Britain. I 8f V lsr gin TO i . Tt A . j : i 1u-A ' ' ' V 1 I vv V ';)tS v V. I : -A' I- V i, ' -A rMa f v NOT IMH WHERE A r n nnmr '.A- Guns Bombarding; Various Sectors From North Sea To Swiss Border ITALIANS RETIRE TO NEW POSITIONS Desperate Resistance Given To Renewed Hun Attacks Shipping Losses, 17 Between Monte Grappa and the Brenta on the Italian northern front, the Italians are resisting desperately renewed , Austro-German efforts to break through the hills to the plains. The Italians, after withstanding strong attacks and inflicting heavy losses on the enemy, were forced to retire to new positions when the in vaders brought up reserves. On the southern end of the Piave line, the Austro-Germans have been checked in several attempts to cross the river. On Western Front on the western front the Germans have not yet given any strong indica tion of where there advertised drive is to begin. The German guns continue to bombard various sectors along the front from the North sea to the Swiss border, Including the Ypres and Champagne areas, and enemy raiding parties are harassing the British in the Arras area and northeast of Ypres, while the French have repulsed an at tack at Regneville, northwest of Ver dun. German's present strength on the western front is estimated to ap proximate the maximum reached last july when it was 159- OMBifmrnti The allies, however, are believed to have a superiority in numbers. British Shipping Losses. British shipping losses for tho past week total 17, a decrease of four com pared with the previous week. The number of ships of more than 1,600 tons lost remained stationary, the re duction being in vessels under 1,600 Portuguese Repulse Germans. London, Dec. 20 Portuguese troops near Laventie, north of Arras, last night repulsed an attempted German raid, according to an official statement issued today from British headquar ters in France and Belgium. The German artillery was active in the Ypres sector. . The statement reads: "A raid attempted by the enemy last night southeast of Laventie was re pulsed by Portuguese troops. Except for hostile artillery activity in the neighborhood Passchendaele, there Is nothing further to report." Rritish Aviation Activities. London, Dec. 18. (Delayed) The official statement on aviation activi ties issued by the Rriflph war office tonight reads: "Heavy snow prevented flying on Monday except on a small portion of the northern front. In this locality a certain amount of work was done by our airplanes and bombs were dropntul on a hostile alrdonie near Courtrai. Enemy trenches also were attacked with bombs and machine gun fiie. At night, the station at Iloulers and the stations at Menin were bombed heavily by us. "In air fighting two German ma chines were brought down in our lines and two others were driven down 1'' of control. Ono of our machines missing. Italian Statement. Rome. Dec. IS. (Delaved) The Italian war office Tuesday Issued the following statement on military oper ations: . "Yesterday, the seventh 1av of the battle between the Brentn ami the Piave the enemy concentrated his ef forts almost exclusively on the Monte Soladolo salient. At 1 1 o'clock in the morning after several hours of the most violent Are extending from the Col " ell Orso to Porte Sslton. col umns of infantry from the northe.ost and the north were launched against our position, "The former, which advanced from tho southwestern slope of Monte Spin onci, was caught by our artillery and a most effective and concentrated tire from French batteries. It was forced to stop and give up tho attack before getting In contact with our line. The latter, consisting of a whole division of German troops, preceded by assault detachments, made a direct nnd de cided thrust against Monto Solarnlo and the northern slope at the head of the Calolno valley. Our troops put up a most stubborn resistance and the enemy, after a desperate strugrle. be ing badly cut up by our fire anil worn out by our counter attacks, vas ob liged to suspend action and return to his own lines. We captured piisoners nnd some machine guns. 4 "In the Col Dell Beretta region a thrust on the part of enemy infantry was crushed promptly bv our fire. On tho remainder of the front the fight ing activity as very moderate." Official Gorman Statement. Berlin, Dec. 20 (via London) The official statement Issued by the Ger man war office Wednedny reads: "Western theater The artillery ac tivity was moderate owing to the storm nnd blizzard. In Flanders nnd west of Cnmhrni there was a slight increase In firing toward evening. He connolterlng detachments slong the British front; northwest of Plnon on the east bank of the Mouse and south- What Davidson Thinks Women of America Henry P. Davidson. This Is what Henry P. Davidson, partner in J. f, Morgan & company, ,tno nf th financial nowers of Amer 1 1 m ica, and now chief executive of the' J1" ns 11 was sitting in Red Cross, told the people of Omaha 'Odessa and were defeated by Ukrain about American women: ,an troops. The Bolsheviki govern- "If I had the choice of $500,000,000 nient has accused the Ukrainian rada for Red Cross work, of J100, 000,000 )f beinK friendly to the constitutional plus tho aid of the women of America, democrats and the Cossacks, the main I would turn down the $600,000,000 factors behind the counter revolution, and take the women and the $100,-1 Cossacks Occupy City. 000.000. That's what we of the Red! Rostov-on-the-Don, recently report Cross think of the aid of the women." i captured by the Bolsheviki,' is now said to have been occupied Monday "mmm'm''mmm'mm'm'"m liy the Cossacks of General Kaledines, STEEL GOHPOnATIONS Do Not Like Taxing Methods of the City Council of Hibbing, Minn. Hibbing, Minn., Dec. 22. Unable to control tho municipal government, the ! steel corporations are going to literally, tear down the entire city of Hibbing, with . its 12,000 inhabitants and its millions of dollars worth of improve ments. Ninety-flvo per cent, of the taxes of Hibbing are paid by the steel corpora tions. The town is situated in the heart of the Mcsabi iron ore range. mooing residents oon t iiKe ine sieei , lnani3s tnat. within 48 hours n decl corporations, and so they have for , sjon .. be made whcther tlle Ukraine years wildly voted improvements to be wi cense to assist General Kaledines paid by taxation and the steel cor- bv ending him troops while forbid porations hapless to combat the ding' passage to Bolshevki government power of tho vote, has been paying j t,.oops and als0 whether it wilt stfm ii-!1!-; ' . ' disarming troops in the Ukraine. In Hibbing boasts its extravagance. It ! cllsG of the refusal, the rada will be has more street lights than the city , consljel.cd at war with the congress ot Cincinnati, with a population of; - 4110,000, Running expenses of Hib-1 bing are higher than those of tho en-1 tiie state of Delaware. Tax levies have jumped 11.G5S per cmt. in eight; years because the steel corporations pay the taxes. HibbinVs mayor spends over $ 3 , u 0 C annually in conducting the town. Rven the allies have ex pensive boulevard lighting system.!. The. feathered chickens are reported dying of insomnia, because the town is kept so light at night that the chickens don't knor when to roost. Thero are 30 salaried policemen. quarters ror iiremen are lurnisnen in pointed director of military training (luartcr sawed oak, handsome rugs,: ... ... . pianolas and phonographs. j with headquarters at the war college But tlie steel corporations have tired , in this city. The officer will have of paying taxes. They are going to ; charge of tho co-ordination of the veVn Invested In v get i fining work throughout the ting control of the property, so that , United States in order to produce a 3:1,000,000 tons of ore under tho site uniform result and will be aided by of the town might he mined. Need the military training committee of the of this ore has been increased by the general staff of which he becomes the war. I head. Tlie steel corporation has bought 57 General Morrison has just returned acres just south of Hibbing. Onto ! from France, where he made an ex this tract they propose to move tho haustive study of the training in prog town of Hibbing. But in the move, ress at tho American army camps they also propose to have something , there. to say anout tne management of the now town. ? ur Washington, Dec. 20. Cardinal Gib bons gave his sanction today to Ro man Catholic miners working on the holy days falling within the Christmas and New Year's houday season. In a letter to Fuel Administrator Garfield he approved of a suggestion that mln- ers take only Christmas day and New lears day off and further proposed that saloons might co-operate by clos ing from 9 o'clock In the evening un til 8 o'clock the following morning. "This," tho cardinal wrote, "surely would not work any hardship upon ; States arrived here today. It is hcad the patrons; on the contrary, it would ed by Dr. M. R. Vcsnitch, who repre benetit them and give them more time sented Serbia at the inter-nllied con to spend with their families, while at , ference at Paris. Its members include tlie same time contribute to their greater efficiency. " west of Tbann (Alsace), brought in British nnd French prisoners. "Fastern theatei Thero is nothing new to report. "Macedonian front There was fir ing nt times in the Cei nu bend and be tween the -Vardar and Lugo Dolran." Three Vessels Sunk. Rome, Dee, 20. The weekly report of shipping losses shows thHt two sail ing vessels of more than 100 tons and one of less than that size were sunk. One steamship was damaged by a mine but reached port. UKRAINIAN RAD A REFmEm BOLSHEVIK ORDERS State of Siege Has Been Proclaimed in Petro- grad Ukraine Refuses to Permit Bolshevikil Troops to Cross Territory to Attack Kale- dines Cossacks Occupy Roster -on-the-Don A state of siege has been proclaimed in Petrograd and the Ukrainian rada lias refused to obey an ultimatum presented by the Bolshevikl govern ment. Disorders in the capital are due, it is said, to the looting of wine cellars and shons, made necessary by the proclamation of a state of siege. Relations Not Cordial. Relations between Ukraine and the Bolshevikl government have not been cordial. The Ukraine has refused to permit Maximalist troops to cross its territory to attack General Kaledines and several days Bolsheviki troops jwho, according to another recent ru i mor, has been arrested by his own of I ficers. The Cossack leader, according to a dispatch reaching London from Petrograd, has proposed to the Bol shevikl that civil strife come to an end by declaring the independence of the Don territory and providing against Maximalist intervention there. Sent Negative Answer. Petrograd, Dec, 19. (Delayed.) The rada. the governing body of the Ukraine, has sent a negative answer to the ultimatum of the council of peo ples commissaries, the Bolsheviki gov ernment. Oossorks Occupy .litnctJon Town: r,-hiiv- ci.-"a nnw !h ti. sheviki have occpied Tcheliabinsk a junctlon on tne trans-Siberian rail road, according to a report received by the Den. Bolshevikl Sent Ultimatum. London, Dec. 18 (Delayed). The Bolsheviki government, according to 1 Petrograd advices, has sent an ulti matum to the Ukrainian rada. It de- DIRECTOR OF MM Washington, Dec. 20. Major-Gen. eral John F. Morrison has been ap- Commended For Gallantry. Washington, Dec. 20. David Gold man, machinists mate, has been com mended by Secretary Daniels for gal lantry in having rescued Arthur G. Palmer, a shipmate, from drowning on October .10. Palmer fell overboard from the U. S. S. O'Brien and Gold man jumped over hoard after him and held him up until he was rescued. Goldman enlisted at San Francisco, but his niother lives In Philadelphia. Want Increase in Rntcs. Washington, Dec. 20. The Georgia and Florida railway today applied to tlie Interstate Commerce commission for permission to make increases of a cent nnd one cent per hundred . pounds in rates on naval stores from Georgia producing points to Bruns wick, Savannah and Jacksonville. Serbian Mission Arrives. " An Atlantic Port, Dec. 20. A Ser bian diplomatic mission to tho United number of Serbian army officers. The mission plans to go direct to Washington. Changes in Chinese Oilier. Peking, Dec. 20. Tuan Chi-Jui former premier, is appointed chief of the Chinese European war bureau by the presidential mandate issued today. General Tuan Chl-Kuel has been ap pointed war minister in place of Wang Shi-Chen. Klcvcn Killed By Kxploslon. Knoxvtlle, Tenn., Dec. 20. Eleven men were killed in an explosion in Dar Dour company's coal mine near Nemo, Tenn., late afternoon. of workmen's nnd soldiers' delegates, j Says Allies For Kaledines. . Petrograd, Dec. 19. (Delayed) a The Bolsheviki newspapers are com plaining that the presence of the allied military mifc.'TiDns In the Ukraine is en couraging General Kaledines, leader f of the counter revolution against the maximalist government. Answering 1 this complaint on behalf of the Amer ican military mission, of which he is ; chief, Lieutenant-Colonel W. V. Jud- I son says that all American officers aro I in Petrograd, i Refused Passage For Troops. ! The Bolshevini government two weeks ago reported that Tcheliabinsk f was being besieged by troops under ;! lieneral liutoff, hetinan of the Ural Cossacks and one of the leaders of tho counter revolution. The town 1.) 360 $ miles northeast of Orenburg, and 125 miles west of Siberian border. The trans-Siberian railroad is joined there t from the north b ya railroad line run- t nlng through Perm 'and Ekatlnburg. I The Ukrainian rada and the Bolshe- ! vlki government in Petrograd have been at odds since the successful revo- ! lution of the maximalists early In No- vemher. The ultimatum referred to 5 probably is the demand made by the s Bolshevikl that th erada permits its''"; troops to go through the Ukraine to ji aid in putting down the Kaledines re- i! volt. ' . . In its official announcement con- 1 cernlng the counter revolution and ' since that time the Bolsheviki cavern- ;i ment has claimed that the Ukraine was aiding the Cossacks and the con stitutional democrats. A Petrograd dispatch dated last Friday said Bolsheviki units at Kiev-; the capital of the Ukraine, had been disarmed by the L'krainians and sent to their homes. Bolsheviki troops, ac cording to a disptch received in Lon don on December 17, attacked an ar senal in Odessa where the Ukrainian rada was assembled. Ukrainian troops were summoned and after street fight ing the maximalists were defeated. The same dispatch reported that a majority of the slaiors of the Black sea fleet had gone over to the Ukrain ians. The Ukraine is part of the old king dom of Poland. It is made up of parts of the governments of Poltava, Kiev, Podolia, Kharkov, Kkaterii.oslav and Kherson. These governments have a combined area of about 127, 000 square miles and a population of about 25,000,000. UH'S TELEGRAMS TO BE MADE i' Washington, Dec. 20. Some . two? score more of telegrams which passed , between Count von Luxburg, Germanj minister to Argentina, and the Ger man foreign otlice, will be made pub- j lie today by tho state department by ; agreement with the Argentine govern- ' ment which also will publish them.; simultaneously at Buenos Aires. Ex-'; posure of Count von Luxburg's "sinki without trace" telegram by Secretary ' Lansing was what caused a rupture) of diplomatic relations between Ar-J gentina and Germany. ADVQCflTES EETBUSY . Tokio, Nov. 10 (By mail). Led ly Admiral. Bnron Saito, for many years minister, of marine and largely re sponsible for the modern Japanese navy, a campaign has been opened by preparedness preachers here to give Japan greater strength on the Bea. Hut before such a plan can bo real ized, the men who vote the millions must lend their approval. So Admiral Saiio recently addressed tho members of the strongest political party in the diet. If Japan is to maintain her rank among the sea powers of the world, he insisted, 't is urgent that Bhe take Im mediate steps for -centering her naval strength around 12 super-dreadnoughts and the same number of battle-cruisers. Because of war con struction by other powers, he said, his own country was in danger of be ing out-distanced. Admiral Saito's speech is regarded as expressing the sentiments of tho Terauchl administration and has caused no small amount of discussion for less than a year ago Japan aimed at the acquisition of eight battleships and eight battle-cruisers as the main strength of her fleet. " Steel riant Idle. Toungstown, O., Deo. 20. Approxi mately 00 per cent of the steel mak ing capacity of Youngstown plants, representing fully 10 per cent of that of the entire United States, la Idle owt ing to coal shortage. ' l '.,.l-:W
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