North Carolina Newspapers

l" ;r,Ife It only t b valued a H I ncfully employed." WHOLE NUMBER 80. - f'; fCBUSHED BVEKV FRIDAY MOBWG, Bt :Y jrii.ciimsTY& co , Puhliihertof tie Lata, Treaties, $c.t of the 17. S. , . ; TERMS. ' - This paper is published weekly, at Two Dob - tu m Yim Jb.vt per annum, m advance ! or Tnast Dou.ar, if payment be delayed after the ' receipt of tlic lOtb, Nambcr from the time of tub scribing. BT Thttt ttmu will, in all timet, be ttrittlu mdkered to. . No subscription discontinued (except at the op. tioa of the poblisliern) until all arrearage are paid, llr AOVBanstsuurrs wui be inserted for Une Dollar pet aquare, fur the first, and Twenty .five Ccnta for each subsequent inaertion, -A liberal deduction will bo made from tho regular price for J Mrerusers Dy uie year. - :--f"la"jgaaa! i i ssssssssasssss MISCELLANEOUS. fFrom the National -flJgisJ -".' Virginia. , space it will occupy ia your columns, per hops its insertion may afford your readers some amusement. It is an extract from i letter received sometime sinceirom. Vjrjn may and nono of your readers who have ever beenthero will deny that it ia a fair picture of the-n.iost remarkable jSouUiarn. isms. " ' , Agreeably to my promise I shall now 'en. deavor tb givo you a taste of -the most no ticeable provincialisms that 1 onkee meets with in this section f t's country. Iinay rreinise, by tho way, that Virginia is to the .South what. Massachusetts is to the North the oldest, the. most thickly settled, the most literary, tho most refined, the best governed; in a word, the pattern Stnte, arid the'nibtlierStdter The provincialisms of Virginia are thcrolore in a good degree common to tho whole South. . As, in the Southern States tho population is divided into two grand divisions, no in like manner there are, two classes of provincialisms there, if indeed the low, vulgar brogue of the negroes deserves any belter name than that of uiggcrism. You will not expect from me in this single sheet a description of all or of half the pe culiarities of pronanciation, of phraseology, and Of Virginia manufactured words which distinguish a native of tho Southern part of this rederal union - from those who speak the' English (may I call it tho Empire ho- : iruace i) in. other lands and under other! ar.-woTderto"ad"TTio thing (as tlicy say here) in the shortest possiblo manner, I shall introduce theoo provincialisms in tho following imaginary dialogue, which 1 dare nay you will be able to translate into "Down East" with infinite case : ' ' " ' Col. S. (Shaking hands.) How d"y' , Ma. jorCt - Maj. G. Right well, I thank ye. How oro you ? 'How's all at homo 7. S. All right smart, thank ye, We bad a powerful rain yesterday. I reckon there'll be a right smart fresh in the river. . ;G." Mightynpt. It'll hurt my low grounds . right smartly if there is. Going to preach, ing to-morrow 1 . S. I reckon so. There'll be a heap of people there,! reckon." Yoit; the wind blows right peert : G Tlmt U. does. .- We've had a right smart ' chanto.of wind all this month. " . S. Any partridges use down io your lovv -grounds t";"' ": -Q. , Heap of 'em. My little pointer here flushed a gang just now there by tho branch. (Entet negro.) Who do you belong to t Negro. (Taking off his hat.) Mass,aJohn Smith. '. v V ; . . G. Where yo going ? Negro. I gwine to carr1 Jettcr to Massa Williams'. - . ; G. .What's your name? .. Negro. My pome, Cudeo - - : S. All well at home, CufTec T Cuflee. No, massa. Missus right sick. She dono broke her arm yesterday! S. Broke her arm t flow did thai hap- .. pen t .-. i ...... . . 1 XJufroeTDa-flarriaee-upset down - thar wbar ee big gully is, by de bridge, 'bout hour by sun yes'day evening . S. VV'har's Jeemst -I han'L-secn him since Ja8t-Erilav-Bight G. Us in. Richmond or,NorCojk one. S. 4)id you got tlrut of your tobacco be. fore you left Richmond T . 1 " -3 G, Noy Indeed (spitti ng)5iem T fiem Nigger? going to hire right smartly now, I -teli y4hiyeaf first rata bands going for nearly a hundred dollars; S. Well, I haven't but, two to hire out ; the balance I shall work on my own planta. tion. " CapL Easthcm and Bill Roper came mighty near fighting last court. Capt. East, ham totes pistols for Bill. G. Well, let 'cm light it out. My wag. on got baulked. coming home; hurt one horse right smartly had to cut the gear off; broke the tongue of the wagon right in half. r; -:.'.'--. S. Come go by with me to-night. G. No, than ye, must go home. Well, good evening toyou. ; S. Good evening (shaking hands) see you again to-morrow. " " : : The above, except the nigger's part, is common modes of expression among the first classes of bouthern societyv Amonj the lower classes of whites, children an negroes, there are-raany more less intolli- -'rihlfl nrnvinoinliema - in tia nvK bb . gible , provincialisms - in use ; such 41 Come here all of you." " Whar y' all gwine?" addressed (to a -single person. " Done did U-dorJe-fereak it" &c ! Here it," " thar it," for here jtUTtox, thart stars, Ax., for bearj there, stairs,CC. Uut I may close this long letter.", Good-by Yours. . .- - N. v .'"A. brief hfatorf of Chna .. China I an empire of Asia j tho most populous and ancient in the world, being 1,300 miles long and 1,030 wide, - l'opula lion from 300,000,000 to 380,000,000. The capital is Pekini with 1,100.000 in habitants Nankfjt 1,000,000, and Canton 1,100,000.". China produces tea, 50,000,. 000 pounds of which are annually exported from Canton, the only place which foreign. crs are allowed to visit. Silk, cotton, rice, gold, silver, and all the necessaries of life, are lound in China. ' 1 he arts and tnanu fuctures in many branches are in high per. foction,but stationary", as Improvements are now prohibited. The Government is a dcs. potic monarchy. Iteveuuc, 2,000,000 army, 800,000 men. .The religion is simi. lar to Buddhism,' the chief god eing Foh. The Chinese inculcate the morals of Con. fucius, tlwifwitphilosopher,-'wrto-wa9 corn ooO li.L. I he great wall and canal of China are among the -mightiest works ever achieved by man. The foreign com- merce of China amounts to $35,000,000 tUO.OOO ,000 annually, the whole of which is transacted with appointed agents, called " Along merchant?" : Jboreuniers are allowed to live at certain stations or "fac. tories" lx;Iow Canton. Th chiof trarln is with Encland. The first American shin reached China in 1784: now the annual average of United States ships visiting Chi- a is 22. , l he revenue derived from for. eign commerce by the Emperor varies from 84,000,000 to $6,000,000. According to Mr. Dunn, opium smuggled into China, to the injury of the people, amounted to $20, 000,000 annually for several years past, much of which was paid iu specie, which found its way to London. The Chinese anguage has nearly 40,000 characters or utters. I he Chinese are eminent for agn. culture and once every year the Emperor ploughs a pieco of land himselt in presence of his people. BickneWs Reporter.-, Printer's ghatcities. No Class ofme- chatiics, perhaps, sulfur more from the pre datory and begging habits of individuals, than printers. They work so hard, invest so much, and furnish their papers so low. that pcoble io" 'uuw"Tatnfunmnut' tney actually are worth nothing but to be given away ror taken without leave. Accordingly BolhWriifioTNrCclniTW than for people' who have tlie curiosity to read something that bdppona to bo peculiarly interesting, or who Wish- a newspaper to send to a friend as a token of remembrance, to run into a print. ing oihee, and ask for or take a paper just out of the press, and if tho printer should think of taxing him any thing for it, the customer would think himself quite insulted by the niggardness of the printer ! AYitbJ wlrat other mechanic or business men would people think of taking the samo liberties ? Go into the grocery and ask the retailer to give you a four pence half penny's worth of teaj CofTc-e, or sugar, unless you are really an object of charity, he probably would think himself the one imposed upon. Or visit ft-cook-tore and- make- fF with half dozen sheets of writing paper, and most likely the proprietor will pursue his custom, cr with a writ of petit larceny. Go into a joiner's shop, and ask him to give you six cents worth of ms-warcgpnnd von will leel as if you were engaged in a cheap business. And yet people will enter a printing office, and take six cents worth of a printer's la. bor, and really think it one of that sort of things which should be given away be. cause the paper is printed. A clean while sheet he would think too valuable to be ex. traded without pay, and yet it costs a prin ter thirty-fivo dollars every week to set up tho types that are impressed upon it that makes it worthless. No no this is not the way to do business. If you want a pa. per and will not subscribe for it, as all honi orablc men do, just step into the office, and lay ddwn a silver bit, say "Sir, if yorrj please, let nio.have one of your papers, and take that to pay for it." You will be read, ily accommodated, and then be seated, (not looking over the shoulder of tho com- positor tto irend his manuscript,) or re- at. . - .. ,- i. i tire and read your own paper like a man of good and honorable principles. Maine Cwf firafor. TannrrB to female excelxexce. The N. O. Cresent City awards high praiso to Mrs. Shall, the proprietcss of the City IIo tel, for her attention and kindness to the sick of that city during the prevalence of the epidemic, not only this but past seasons. It is stated that in 1840, Madame Shall had in. her hofeso upwards of 60 yellow fever cases, only one of which proved fatal. This year she bad 18 cases, with only one death. And all this is principally attributable under Providence, to her skyiful and kind nursing. Besides this, slve has visited neighborhoods and sufferers far distant,' carrying the balm of health in her hands. This is, indeed, the reality of the poet's vision, who wrote of woman : ' " " When pain and anguish wring the brow, A ministering angel thou." . A man full dressed is a man strapped, straightened, buckramcd ; stiffened, stuffed, and wadded, within in inch of immobility. A woman fully dressed, is a woman half naked. 7!T : . - : " -", T In- Sweden" they deprive a man of the right to vote, who gets drunk a third time, after bavipg been punished: twice for that offence." . ' - . . , . -. ; c' ' -; ' ; j From the Columbia (Tena.) Observer. J ITIIssisfppl State debtu - The result of the late election in Missis, slppi, shdws that tbefftalerlffTiinnsolvent in morals as ia money, ' State Bonds, aii. thorised and issued according to law, bavi been repudiated and denied, nolwithstaad ing the moral and legal obligations vete as solemn and bmdins as ever bound mm to man. ' A few Locofoco journals out bf Mississippi havo been found to rejoice ot this abandonment of contract and sacrifice of honor, and to claim the result in tpt State as a signal triumph of Democraeypn the merits of tho Bond question. If sch be the tendency of modern democracy , (as some of its adherents avow in this case ) to violate the solemn obligations of contacts by the sacrifice of State honor and State credit, and by a total disregard of law and justice, for the stability of our institutions at homo and for the glory and honor a our country abroad, distant, far distant je the day when we or our posterity shallagain wrtnewthe humiliatingspectaclctjf tateYt forming a constituent part or the noblest republic on earth notoriously prostituting its honor to the god of Mammon, regardless of all obligations, moral or legal. ( An examination of the case, will show the following facts : Tho Legislature of Mississippi, of 1837, being Locofoco, for bunking purposes, passed a bill to authorize thft borrowing of $17,500,000 Of ihi sum two millions were to be invested in the Planters' Bank. The remaining fifteen and a half millions were to be invested in the " Union Bank of Mississippi," the grand mushroom establishment which tho Van Buren Legislature was fabricating, and which has since exploded with such disus trous consequences to the State. . .. The Constitution of the btate requires that all acts, by which the credit of the State is bound, should be passed by a mnjo my of the Legislature, advertised in three newspapers in the State three months prior to the next State election, and approved by a majority "of .the next Legislature. All these formalities ""-were observed the act passed the Legislature of .1837, was adver. tibed. and rcpasicd and deliberately approv. ed bv the following session of 1838. The Loan Bill being thus rendered vafidthe Legislature proceeded to pass a MU,lemcp lmj, , i inniniiianig tirrr tTUTuruur iu suu. scribe for fifty thousand shares (five mif ions) of its stock, to be paid for out of the prpcjeedroLaytfe managers of the liank were authorised to appoint three Commissioners to sell this five millions of State stock on any terms not under par. These Commissioners sold the stock in Philadelphia, receiving at par, bills on that city, having some time to run. These bills were taken in and paid out by the Bank as cash, and credited to the btate as cash. m. ... t . ,1 .1 . i ... ' t Vf inese are suosianiiany ine jacxs, nna Mississippi, (that is tho Van Buren portion of the State,) after authorising this loan ot scventecen and a half millions based upon the State credit, now turn around and refuse to redeem one cent of it. There is no doubt that the example of Mississippi) in this instance will materially nffecrthe credit of the other States abroad. A rrajority of all State debts is owing to forejgHejrhQjaowIookam-with-dis. trust, and it is said -that none of the late nationa loan will be taken by foreignjcapl; ta lists, such is their want of confidence even in tho General Government ! Such are the effects of Locofocoism, practically illus. tratcd. A Monument wau. Deserved. The people of Beauport, near Quebec, in Canada, have lately erected a column of tho Corinthian order, forty feet bigh, in commemoration of the great benefit produced in the parish by the spread of Temper ance. This is the first monument of this descrip tion' which we have heard of, raised to the com. mcmorition of a fcriea of victories ' of immense consequence." Not those victories in which the warrior appears "in garments rolled in blood," and which are gained by the infliction of. great etils on a portion of the human family, but of victories over vice, of victories in which all are gainers, which aim at the moral solvation of the present generation, and at laying th best foanda. tion for the health and happiness of posterity! '- " This is certainly a cheerincr si cm that a rcvolu- f lion is going on which is bringing the world right tide tip M" "f '" tnnnnmi-nl snlnnh Ilia mttt-U have erected, seem to have been insanely built to Commemorate tho butcheries of-the WorUTi scourges. London has its " Are monument j" d inburgb has a monument to Nelson, whose victo ries reddened the waters of Egypt. We are build ing a monument orer the slaughtered bodies of our fathcrs,who fell at Bunker's Hill ; but how dif. ferent are all these objects from the Temperance reform, which instead of multiplying weeping widows and desolate orphans, dries up their tears, and nikes their hearts sing fot joy. AjiKCDOTS. As Deacon A ,on an extreme. ly cold morning in January, was riding by the house of his neighbor B , the latter was chopping wood. The usual salutations were ex changed, the severity of the weather briefly dis. cussed, and the horseman made demonstration of passing on, when his neighbor detained him with u Don't be in a hurry, deacon. WoulTnt you like a glass of good aid Jamaica this morning." ..." Thank you kindly , said the old gentleman, at the same time beginning to dismount, with all the deliberation becoming a deacon, " I don't care if I dor ' . - " Ah, don't trouble yourself to gefoff deacon," said the. wag, "I merely miked for information. (We) havn't a drop in the house." Exert er Aeies Letter. ' " 1 .. " - Repartee. At the late election at Shafts, bury, an Irishman made his appearance, anu happening to-say . something in the crowd to the candidates', one of the tory party exclaimed" front the hustings Oh Paddy, now go to the devil P - I am much obliged to yef honor," was Paddy's reply, 11 sureye are the first gentleman that has invited me to yer fathers house,, since tny ariTalinEDg!and;., A - ACCOMPAWHNQ THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE 4 '- Ktit'UKl . -; Of the luTaJor General of the Army. HtADQUAKTBaa O TH1 A RUT, . ' T WasbingUm, Nov. 2S, 1841. . Sis : t have the honor to submit the an. nual report.from this office, followed byttN marks on the operations of the army and the suggestions deemed " necessary for im. E roving its condition and efficiency," which ave been invited. 1. A tabular view of organisation ; 2. Gcncrul return of the army ; "'. 3. Position and distribution ot troops in the eastern division ; 4. Position and distribution of troops in the western division ; ' " 5. A tabular exhibit of the whole num. ber of troops enlisted into the army, from October 1, 1840, to September 30, 1841. Within the year a great and afflicting event has occurred in this office. My dist UBgukhed eredeoeasor Major Geeenil uoiiiu, ucpuriuu mis uiu luwurua mu ciusu of Juno. Succeeding to tho command of the army, I entered upon duty July tho 5th The field operations of the troops have been principally confined to the prosecution of the war against the r loricla Indians In the course of the past winter and springs Brigadier General Armisteadj who oommlA li troops jn that war, by the aid ' of a delegation of Seminole chiefs bfcught back from the Westj succeeded in pticefully sending off from Florida about 4! 0 Indians, including their slaves. He at ths same time gave effective protection Io tic citizens of the Territory, and caused rrbny districts occupied by tho enemy to be scoured, particularly the country east of the St. JohnY and towards the Ltergludcs. 'At his own request, that General was re lioVed May the 3 1st, when the conduct of the war devolved on the nextinrank then in the field, Colonel Worth, of tho 8th in fantry. The Florida army at the time consisted of the 2d reeiment of dragoons ; nine com panies of the 3d -regiment of artillery, serving as infantry ; togctherwith the 1st, 2d, 3d, Cth, 7th, and 8th regiments of in fontry, all much reduced in numbor, Icav. jug ou efitctrvc force of about 3,5O0rmcn. The seasorrof iieatTtnd miasma -had al. ready commenced, and partial negotiations were stilPpending. Finding that the prom- J isesf pertain j:hte deceptive, Colonel Worth resolved to divide his forces into a number of small detach. mcnts,and io recommence hostilities every wlrerb at once. At the same time measures were taken to guard the frontier .inhabi tants, and to induce .many who hnd fled for safety to return in confidence. Stimulated by his zeal, energy and abilities, the Flori. da army, ever ready for any danger or hardship, then spread itself over tho coun try, penetrated many secret haunts never before discovered, destroyed the growing crops and other means ot subsistence in those places, and, by constantly harassing the enemy, who never stopped to combat, forced many to surrender for food nnd safe ty. Securing their families, the chiefs were turnedHntrr-missionarics-of pencevAvho found numbers willing to emigrnte. Several influential leaders, previously captured and sent off, were brought baek, and also em ployed in like missions. By combining ac tive operations with negotiations of this sort, und without violating one promise mude, or one precept of humanity, the most extraordinary-results, for the season, havo been obtained. "A large shipment of emi grants for the West was made in October, besides many prisoners" retained till they can be joined by absent members of their families known to bo desirous of coming in. The region of the Everglades, mostly1 under water, could not have been reached before the return of the cool season. A movement to effect this object, skilfully combined1 from many points, and including the flotilla of Lieut.-McLaughlin , of the Navy,-is no doubt now far advanced ,-ond which has cvenF prospect of enveloping a large part, ifnot the whole, of Sam Jones' band that recently Jcserted him for cinigro. tion. bhould the gallant Colonel meet with the success in that quarter which' his ablb combinations merit, there would only be left for hirn a few fragments of bands to! cap. ture. ... It is highly gratifying to learn that the troops most actively engaged in tho forego- ... li. f..i mg operations nave suuerea dui very nine more from disease than those of the same army left stationary ot the forts-and depots. Not a company of volunteers or militia was engaged in those operations or belonged to the army of Florida since Col. Worth has been in command, except two companies for the defence of the Georgia frontier, not call, ed for by hi-n.. It isnlo proper to odd that, early in the summer, the 1st infantry wus detached from' rloripa, and now garrisons Jellerson bar. racks and the forts on the Upper Missis, sippi; that five troops of the 2d dragoons arc ijow in march for tho Red river fron. tier, land that the nine companies of the 3d artillery may soon be expected to occupy the forts at rensacola, Mobile point, and the neighborhood of New Orleans Colonel Worth having reported that lie could dis. pense with so much of the force that had come under his orders. It was also at his suggestion that the 5th infantry, which bad arrived at Jefferson barracks (near St Low. is) from the North, on it way to Florida was stopped at the former place in beptenv ber j and he has been joined (the 22d of October) by six companies of the 4th in faotryj from Arkansas,, and has had, , or soon will have, tho ok) regiments remaining with him strengthened by about 800 recruits from the general depot in the-harbor of. J. York. v -:.,-' : - - .... From .the .foregoing details the army of rionaa may, by tiia loili ot next month, be estimated at something less than 3,000 effective men.' , ; " J;; In the month of August, Fort Keut, at the mouth of Fish river, and Fort Fairfield, oil the Aroostook, were each, for police purposes, occupied by a company of the 1st Artillery, from Houlton, near the cast ern frontier of Maine ; and another compa. ny, of the same regiment, wag transferred from the harbor of New Y-jrk to that of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. In tho same month the 2d artillery was brought down from the Ningara and Sackett's harbor to lbs seaboard; and it now garrisons the works in Newport and New York harbors. Ma-Hpffrt 1 rTffliiT on the TJelnwafc) and Fort Monroe, (Hampton Roads.)- This move ment induced an extension of the 4ih artil lery,' (stationed on Lake Huron and the Detroit) to Buffalo and Sackett's Harbor ; and the retrograde movement of the 5th in. fantry.from Jefferson bnrracks (which now occupies tho forts on Lake Huron and the Detroit) has caused the remainder of the 4ih- artttlury to be ordered down, so n to givo four compuiiicB t p.;..u (at Buffalo) one to Fort-Niagara, one to Fort Ontario, (at Oswego) and four to Ma. dison barracks, (Sackett's Harbor.) It has been said that six companies of the 4th infantry are now in Florida ; three re. mai'ned in the Southwest, to be conccntrat ed on the upper Arkansas on the arrival on the Red river of the five troops of tho 2d dragoons now in march from Florida. The remaining company of the 4th infantry took post at the Laton Rouge arsenal in Octo ber. It is confidently believed that sixteen re giments is tho minimum regulur frce now absoluely required by the country riot for actual war, but. as a standing guard against outbreaks on the part of Indians and hostil. ities from abroad sometimes imminent, and always to bo looked to with solicitude by those immediately charged with the de fence of bur soil. Of such force we have but fourteen regiments two of cavalry four of artillery, and eight of infunlfv: -Additions-of one regiment tcr thenrtilter y arm, anq ot oho to thatot inlantry,arc re spectfully suggested. - On the supposition of this slight nug. mentation and the termination of tho Vo. rjda war, the following would bo' the pro posed peace distribution of the army: five regiments (two of Cavalry and three of in. fantry) along tho frontiers between tho up. per Sabine and the great falls of the Mis- sissippi, with a sixth .regiment (infantry) held in reserve at Jefferson' barracks, near bt. Louis, whence it migTnVby steam, in the, seasons of dangerJio rapidly carried near to either of thoso particular borders ; five regiments of Infantry -along the fron tiers between the upper MississinprforLake L,pprior and.IIwuliQnin,.Maujei nd five regiments 01 artillery to garrison the forts along tho seaboard, including the Gulf of Mexico; -" - - o necessity of the augmentation will ho- extent of outline to be guarded, and tho re I I J i a iiii IIIU illlllll-14 OV moieness oi numerous points tram nnv dense population of citizens, the many tribes of Indians recently transplanted from the cast to districts just beyond Louisiana, Ar kansas, Missouri, and Iowa; and the num ber, the cost, and importance of the forts constructed, or about to be constructed, on the seabord and the Canada frontiers. Besides the obligation to defend States and Territories against predatory incur sions on the part of Indians, accumulated on their borders by the act of Government, there are treaty stipulations to protect some of the transplanted tribes against their new and more savage neigh bora beyond them andiTmay be added, that tlic entire femovuj of the peace garrisons from tho permanent forts, during the last five or six years, for tlieoridtt-warr hascausedcrioui iniurits to those works. The injuries arc now un dergoing reparation by hired laborers; but it a small garrison, at least, bo not main. tainedin every fort, dilapidation must again speedily" ensue. There are in the Quartermaster's de railment twenty-ciglit, and in the Subsist. ence department four assistants makin" thirty-two officers, each with the rank -of captain in the statt, and at the same time holding another commission in some rcgi ment of the line, to the exclusion of a cop. tain or d lieutenant. Of those assistants, twenty-ono are already contains of nies.from which thoy are penn'anently and necessarily detached on staff duties. Their companies, of course, are, commanded by lieutenants, who get neither the rank: nav. (proper,) nor the emoluments of the absent captains. This is not only unjust to lhe lieutenants, but, what is worse, the vacant companies suffer greatly in parental care, instruction, and discipline by the frequent and unavoidable changes in their Iietucnant commanders; whereas captains, serving with companies, are at once tho fathers of their men and the pivots of the lioe. No movement can be well "executed, without these officers. - Even to supply their places when . temporarily . absent bv reason of wounds, - sickness, or occasional indul ge Dees, is always attended with some injury to the service. , The evil, therefore, ought not to be aggravated by the statutory prori- sion which rejairca that every, staff assist ant shall also be an officer in ft regiment and, consequently with tho right of pro motion In the line, whilst the officers of the latter can only enter the staff at the foot of lha list. .Thin partiality gives to tWi aooiet. ' ant (at least up to a majority) a double chance of promotion, with only a single set of do.- ties.- " , - - " '" " . " For tho foregoing reasons I beg leave to suggest an amendment of thrj i lav, declar-.. ing that the present assistant quartermasters and assistant commissaries of subsistence, and all others of tho samo denominations, who may hereafter bo appointed, shall not hold such commissions in the staff and fcgi mental commissions at the same time, but shall immediately relinquish one or ' tlto other . - ' .1"r-t';: 2. The superior officers of both those branches of tho staiTsre already, separated from tho regiments of the line; and it waa . originally intended that lhe twenty -eight as. sistant quartormasters should also have been so ""Separated. "Uks proviso oFtTie i "act of" July 5, 1838, section 9, was to that effect j but this in a few days unfortunately became changed by a supplemental net. ::"' ?:T . Tho present Inequality of pay between the officers of the same grades in the differ ent branches of the common service is highly unjust, and a source of much uncom; fortablc ' feeling. Tho drogoon and staff officers, including those of the engineers, tnrxHrraphical .engineers. , and ordnance, have all, under thq name of cavalry jxity received the higher rates over tho artillery and infantry officers since July 5, 1838.- Several attempts have been made in Con. gross to do justice to the officers of the lal. ternrffis, but, as yet, .without success. To 1'avpr bo," end so entirely equitable, I beg leave to suggest lliai a near approximation might be attained by granting to the artil. lery and Infantry officers one additional ra. tion per diem each, for every four instead of Jive years' service tho provision of law now applicable to nil army officers other than tho generals. 'Two rations per diem for every seven years' service would, after a few terms, effect an exact equalization between tho parties, and at tho end of his thirtieth year the accumulation might be made to ceaso with every "cficcHhroughout the army. " I beg leave to recall attcnlion to two sub. jects of grepf interest, which were pressed on- the Department by tny jsredecessor uV" his-aommf reports of 183D nnd 1 840.-" lr To a system, not of pensions, but of retired pay, presented with full details in tho second ofahoso reports; and, 2. To some provi sion of law in favor of widows and orphans of regular ; officers who have died or. may, die in consequence of wounds received or diseases contracted in service, there being such provision already madejn behalf of the widows and orphans of navy , volunteer, and militia officers, dying under tho same circumstances. Indeed, the wholo subject of army pensions to widows and orphans, -and to disabled officers, requires equitable revision. - ,. . . ' . ' A bill for the establishment of an 'army asylum was reported at the last regular ses- 3!P .pLCgngrcss jj- ith ,t very, prospect of -successexcept tho then want of time. A, rewfiw of the provisions of this bill cannot. think, fail to secure-to it a favorable Con. suloraiion in every quarter. .,- - I have lhe honorto -remain,- sirpwith" high respect j your most obedient servant, . WIN FIELD SCOTT. To the Hon. John C. Spescer, &c. Wat , Inter fstino AwaosioMteni, Facts Tlie quari. tily of solar light received at the planet Uranus, is 3R0 times less tiian that of the earth. " . To nn inhabitant of Mercury the sun appears seven times largcrthan it docs torn- .- - ;"" If tho degree of heat upon-the different planets is in pniportion to llicir dmtnnoe from tlx) Kim, tlio.average temperature of Mercury will be 333 degrees, 121 degrees above boiling water; that of Uranus, 122 degrees below the freezing point. " Mercury's density ts equal to that of lead, be. ing tlie densest planet in the system; Saturn the rarest, has very nearly the density of cork. It would takcj Uranus nearly fifteen years to fall to the sun, if left to the force of gravity alone." Sehroetcr estimated a mountain upon Venus to be nearly 82 mili s in height . v , V ' A locomotive, moving wjlhont intermission si the rttc of 20 miles per hour, would be 5 13 years in traversing the distance between our Earth and the Sun. . ,- '-..-. Mercury' rate of motion In its orbit,! 30 miles per second, a velocity two hundred times greater than that of a cannon ball, when if leaves the tnotith of a eannmi. - - n A bod V that wnitrlia ana nnnml nnMi tUs, A.!. J ' - vmju WIUII Uiv VCM would weigh twenty-seven and a half pounds if transported to the Sun; and an ordinary sited man would there weigh four thousand potindm Had a steam carriage set out from onr earth, at its creation, moving attlie rate 20 miles per hour, it would still require three seven hundred years to reach the orbit of Uranus. Were tha Sun's centre placed over the earth,- H would en. tircly fill-the moon's orbit and extend 300,000 miles beyond it, in every direction. The Boa is five hundred nnd forty.fivc tunes larger than all the planetary bodies belonging to the solar system, taken together. . .-, . . . To an inhabitant opon the Moon, the earth appears thirteen times larger than ths Moon does to ns. . . " 1 lie distance of tho fixed stars cannot be' so small as 19r2u0,(XH),U00,000of miles. -Jt must bavn taken the light of some of the stars a thott. sand years to reach thb earth. V" lt IS J I Ji ia ewrcu in udiijiuum 9 t ariSl MeS- st'nger, that it :s contrary to law, in France, to take even a pitcher of water from tho sea, lest it should be evaporated, for the sake of gaining an ounce of salt, and avoid, mg the payment of duty, . The Sentinel : dcs Pyrenees informs u,. tliat a servant who was taking a pail of water from-: tho sea, at Briarrits, a few days ago, for a bath for a child who was Ul. was oerceived bv acustom-bousie officer, who instantly com pelled her to throw it back, and return with the empty p'ajl. . - ' - : i - IS at - : r' - t -I ? ' ' , I-; "" """" . s V