II M f I J j ' tl 'J.At'v--iT iSEi'' g- .
1 i V '
, ' ; , Iilfe ! omIt to be valued It I wefuliy employed. '
ASHEVILLE, NORTH' CAROLINA; FRDlY MORNING APRIL; 8, 1812. r ; 1 1
WHOLE NUMBER 2. j;
' ,. ' - ' ' ' i " yf - . - " - . ., . ,t ,1 'i i 'i i , i .. ' .
1
PUBLISHED WEEKLY; BY
J. H. CHRISTY CP.:
Pnblishen of the Laws of the Catted Stato.
Thii Ppcr b jublwhd weekly, t Tw Dot
liu wo Fim Curt fr winum, In ndvanw 5 ot
Ti.ii Doiaam, if payment be delayed after the
receipt of the 10tb Number from the time pr tub.
Kribinj. IT Them term will, in ull etue$, In
itrietly adhertd to.
subscription discontinued (except at the op.
tion of the puUUhert) until all arrcaragce are paid.
Alf COMWIMIoar- IIUilESS!!
WE, the nnderaifneoi uto c.
nectcd oureelree in the
AUCTION, FACTORAGE AND COM-
;, MISSION BUSINESS. ,
nndrr the firm of EDNEY LYONS.
We bcr leave to offer our eerrwee to our friendi
and the public in the above bueincae, pledging
oureelvet to um every exertion to promote the In.
tcreeU of those who may favor ne with tiioir pa-
""untiring penjeverenco, atrict attention and
promptncee, will ineure fucceea in our busincen,
we confidently expect it
In connexion with the above buwnere.w e would
respectfully acquaint merchant and othcra, that
we also -
Receive and forward Goods.
In tli is branch of our businese, promptness and
despatch may be expected, our atand being on
Centre street, next door to Howurd &. Garmany'a
Grocery Store, where all wagona cominj in and
goinf out must pass in review.
THOS. A. EDNEY,
J.K.LYONS.
Hamburg, S.C., Feb; 1843.- 2m 87
LAW NOTICE.
fpHE undersized Ukej pleasure JnulIbingJbjA
I Pr.irl uriiMi Inthfl Rttizeni of Wentern
North Carolina, and solicils their friendly patron.
a(rs in the practice of Law and Eouity, in the
following Courts, vix: Cabarrus, Mecklenburg,
Lincoln, Iredell, Burke, Yancey, Buncombe, Hen
derson, Rutherford and Cleaveland. He further
assures the public, that his whole time will be
hereafter devoted exclusively to the Profession of
Law, and that a strict attention to his clients' in
terests shall be given, and a.re gulnr attendance in
the above Courts may be confidently expected.
Those who have hitherto confided their interest
to his keeping, will please accept this as a tender
of bit highest regard and best thanks for their dis.
interested friendship. His office and residence is
in Lincjon, where he will be' pleased to receive any
communication addressed to him, in his profession
al line of business. BALIS M. EDNEY.
January 28, 1842. : j ; . 3t-8S
Taluablc Cand Tor Sale !
THE subscribers offer for sale two
hundred and fifty acre of Land,
I Kuated 7 mile eavt ef Ashevilhvon
. it;ht is called the river road leading
umninli with ahout 45 acres in cultivation :
then is 25 or 30 acres well adapted to the growth
of grass, com cleared, and . some uncleared.
The plantation is well watered, and in a first rate
place for stock of aU-kmd. Liberal credit will
be given, by the purchaser giving good security.
For further particulars, enquire at this office.
R. W. Ac A. POUTER.
Feb.25.1&0T: 3t 86
Notice to Contractors.
THE nndewigned Commissioners, appointed by
the Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, for
Burke countr, hereby give notice that they will
receive Seale'd Proposals tor building a vATJSlV
JAIL, In the Town of Morganlon, untU Monday
the 18th day of April next.
The Building to be of well made and burned
brick, 46 feet in length, by 20 feet in width two
stories high-the first story to be divided into two
rooms, and an Entry, and the workmanship to be
done in plain, neat style suitable for dwelling
Itoorns.
The upper atory or Prisoner appartmcnt, to bo
divided into three Rooms, each end room to ba 15
- by 16 feet in thecrcnr, and 8 fret high m thelear,
and an entry or middle room 11 fret square in the
clt-ar these rooms to be secured by inner walls
of hewed timber 7 inches square, dovo-tailcd and
Cited close together, and scaled with oak plank
1 inches thick nailed on with spikes 20d. at least
36 to the square foot, and otherwise constructed
in the most secure and approved manner. The
whole work to be of the best materials, and done
in a workmanliko manner.
The Bids will be made known on Thursday the
21st of April, and it is desirable that the Bidders
should bo present. If is also desirable' that the
job should be undertaken forthwith, and completed
as oon a possible.
A plan and specified time of the building may
be seen at the Post Office or at Mr. Erwin's store
in Monranton.
DAVID CORPENINO,
E.J. ERWIN,
THOMAS G7WALTON,-
WM.CXERVVIN,
R.C. PEARSON,
, w ;.AIf AWAY :
ii, From thV subscriber, on the 1st inst., a
Negro boy, named AUST1 N about twen
ry year of ae j very dark complected ;
about five feet 6 inches in height ; rather lit-avy
countenance-. I expect he will attempt to make
his way to the Weet. A liberal reward will be
paid to any person who wil deliver said boy to me
at my residence at the Mountain Shoals, in Spar
tanburg DisU, S. C or lodged in any jail where I
will get him. ""
. .: ' S. M. MOSTILLER.
Mountain Shoals, Spartanburg ) '
DisU S. C Oct 11,1841. ( 69 tf
Administrators Sate,
OS Thursday, 17th of March next, the obscrv
bars. Administrators of Dr. T. Bovchkjxc,
dee'd, will expose to public sale at the late resi
dence of Dr. Thomas Bouchelle, in Morganton,
; . m OB TWELVE LIKELY SECEOES,
A f wertmtnt ej Drugt, Medicine, Medicaid
ITert, Surgical ItutrwnenU, -,
- Jloriee and Cattle, ' '
And various other articles, the property of said Dr.
Bouchelle.' Terms made known on the clay of sale.
IT Persona indebted to Mid Dr. Bouc'jelle, are
requested to make payment immediately and those
having chum against said estate will present them
in the time prescribed by law, or this notice wiU
be plead in bar. -
charles McDowell,
' WM. F. MoKESSON, amr'
Morgan ton, Burke Cch N. O, -
February 3, 1840. J td 84
WebiterH Dictionary,
TTOR sal at this office rerj few tor cash.
J?NT. 86. . . - - .11
m MISCELLANEOUS V
Mrs, Joliu SmitU, jr., of Arkansas,
wnox IT WAS UA TO JUKI cou.
"A cossTpplng correspondent of Uie New
York Standard, who writes) over the signal
ture of "John Smith, jr., of Arkansas,
tells the folbwing Btory about his 1eUex
half: , .. : '
About six Vcars after I had transformed
Miss Mary Lopez Smith into Mrs. John
Smith, jr., of Arkansas, I got into a habit
of going down to old Billy Taylor's tavern,
in Helena county, and there I'd sit, hour
after hour, and play keardt, as the Ver.
monters express themselves when they want
to talk about card, playing, and sometimes
got a little wrong in the upper story.
Mrs. John brmth, jr., bore all this pretty
well, for a long time; but I could see that
my folly and extravagance was a source of
anguisli to her; and though she d Bit and
weep in silence, when she thought I did not
see her, she was too proud to complain
lovcu me too well to tell me that 1 was an
ungrateful fellow, and was driving her to
the tomb by my neglect and dissipation.
1 saw alt ; knew that 1 was murdering the
wife of my bosom, and yet, for the lifo of
me, I could not conquer my thirst fur gam
bling and conviviality.
A thousand times did' I attempt to cut
asunder the bands that bound me to a sinful
course of folly and-madness; and I often
prayed to my God, imploring him to invest
me with a resolution sufficiently strong to
enable me to escape from the slavery of vice
and fully. But all was of no avail. At
last it occurred to me, that, if I could get
Mrs. John smith, jr.,waked tip to anger
and compel her to scoTd me like a virago
my end would be accomplished, and I
should be oble to consummate the reforma-
tion 1 panted for in all sincerity. At last
1 wits successful.
Christmas came round, and I flogged all
my negroes ; gave eaclv of them a suit 4f
new clothes ot Uznaburgh, and a shilling
all round, by the way of an annual com
fortcr; and away, I went down to old Billy
Taylor's tavern, to play cards and drink
whiskey. I was gone three days and nights,
and during the whole of that sad period,
Mrs. John Smith, jr., sat by the door of the
log-cabin, and sighed and wept for hertru
ant and reckless husband. Her eyes had
not been closed one moment. " She wept
for me and my sins; and when her- little
infant would turn up its bright eyes, and
smiling tryto-Jispahaame-of-fatherrtnriy4
poor Mrs. John Smith, jr., would full into
all the agonies of mental and physical dis
traction! "Smile on, sweet babe!" jshe
would say; "smile on, behnppy while you
may, tor the day will soon como when this
distracted heart shall burst, and I shall Mod
repose, I hope not in the embrace of an
unfeeling but beloved husband, but in the
arms of the God of Abraham. Smile on,
sweet innocentJlive, love, and be happy;
and when I am no more, then -oh then !
thy father may learn to love and protect
you."
At a late hour of the fourth night of my
carousal, I went home, and found Mrs.
John Smith up waiting for me. She said
nothing but wept most bitterly.
" My love,"- said I, " I am very sorry
you are crying ; pray has anything happen
ed to make you unhappy ?"
" Mr. Smith, said she, " and is it possi-
bleJhafc. you-can. ask-such.-a questbal-
Anything happened, sir? Do you mean to
add insult to injury 1"
I saw, for the first time in my life, that
she had something of a woman's spirit
about her, and -I rejoiced that there was
now a chance to make her scold mo. I re
solved to improve the golden opportunity.
So, assuming a dignified and despotic atti
tude, I looked at her with nil the mock fero.
city I could muster, and in a stern voice
exclaimed,
"Mrs. John Smith, jr., of Arkansas, do
you know, madam, whose log.cabin do you
occupy? Do you know, madam, that I am
lord of this manor, and master over you
and your negroes ?" . r
" Mr. John Smith, jr., of Arkansas,"
aha exclaimed in a dignified tone, and with
an air of majesty that reminded mo of Mrs.
Siddons in Catharine of Arragon, you
are unendurable; your conduct, sir, is in
famous, nnd 1 shall, not submit to it any
longer; you are a brute, sir; yes, sir, a
brute, and I'll complain to youHronorcd fa
ther and to my brothers, sir, and I'll see if
a remedy cannot be effected.
" My honored father and your brothers
may be hanged, madam," I returned ; " I'll
do as I please, and you, madam, shall sub
mit to it ! So take that for your consola
tion!" ;
" Mr. Smith," replied Mrs." John jr., "it
is idle and unnecessary for us to live as we
now do. YoiTsupply-me bountifully it is
true, with all I ant td make my life com.
fortable ; you are kind and affectionate to
my children, but sir, you neglect me ; and
rejecting a wife's love and devotion, spend
your days and nights in a filthy pot house,
and for aught I know, with bad and aban
doned men and womon, too, sir..- I cannot
submit to this gross outrage on my repose
and lifeany longer.' Mr. Smith, I must be
provided with a separate maintenance.' -
She' was firm and determined I saw, and
there was something in her eye that told me
that the hour of my repentance had come ;
and as Sir Harcourt Courtly says, 4 my gra
skiu V how my heart did palpitate.
"Provide you with a separate mainte.
naacc," I stammered out, " jQ the name of
mercyr Mrs. John Smith, Jr., of Arkansas,
what do you mean, madam ! You are not
serious!" . ' ' ' ,...' ; 4; -
" Yes, but I am, though, M replied the
highly exasperated lady : " I mean what I
say, and insist, air, on its immediate con.
summation." : -
If I had been shot, I could not bare more
suddenlyajlcn on my knees than J did. ...I
saw that ruin, a shipwrecked heart, blasted
hope and eternal disgrace awaited me, and
there was no time to be lost in securing a
reconciliation. . .
" My love," said I, " I did but go to the
camp-meeting and did"
' Don't talk to me about camp-meeting ;
do not add the sin of falsehood to your vi.
ccs, Mr. Smith ; you, sir, have left me
three whole days and nights to suffer all the
pangs and pains of a distracted wife, in this
wilderness ; you have been farmo re ' cruel
than thebeastsof this forest, and I am de
tcrmined to submit to my wrongs no long,
er!"
I seized her hand, and prostrate and pen
itent and heart-stricken while a flood of
whiskey fell from my eyes, ejaculated,
"pardon me, Mary, dearest wile; speak
not those cruel words again about a sepa
rate maintenance, jndl pledge my word
and honor that never again will I go to Billy
Taylor's tavern to play cards or, to frolic.
I'll quit every vice, join the teetotal society,
and sell all my negroes to furnish you with
money !"
" " And will you bo faithful to your prom
ises?" she pluintively whispered. " Will1
you not suffer yourself to get into bad com
pany again ?"
" As I hopo for happiness here and here,
after," I replied, " I will keep my promiso,
and no temptation , no power on ea rth, shall
ever induce mo to prove recreant.
'' Her soft black eye sparkled with joy,
though clouded by tears, and as she press,
cd my hand to her lips, sho imprinted it
with a burning kiss, and softly ejaculated :
" John Smith, Jr. of Arkansas, you are
forgiven.1
I rose like a man who had been prostrat.
ed on the guillotine, but who, whilst he ga
zed (jn the suspended knife, and the bloody
executioner, expecting to see his head turn
bio into the basket, the next moment was
pardoned, and clasping my Mary to my bo
som half suffocated her with kisses !
O dearest, said I, do as you please ; say
what you please and I'll never find fault ! I
then ran to my bed room, aoioed pair of
buckskin inexpressibles, that I wore when
I was a Sergeant in Sir Georce's army, of
theSpanishr Mainland handing theffllo her7
exclaimed in the ecstacy of my delight : .
"lake them, dearest wife; put them
on, wear them, and hang me if you shan't
be master hereafter and torever. And if 1
on any occasion Dread my. word, eive
them back to me and pronouncemc a scoun
drel." Sho took the inexpressibles ; did not put
them on, but, from-that day to this, has
never had an opportunity to return them.
Nor will sho ever have. Now we are hap
py are blessed have had four little John
Smiths, Jr. of Arkansas, at two births, and
I wish I hod an army of them. No scold
ing now disturbs us ; I go to bed, every
night, at 9 o'clock, precisely, drink cold
water, do not play cards, but bito myjhumb
nt old Billy Taylor and his log cabin tavern
in Helena county, Arkansas, and strive to
make every body happy. Scolding in my
case has been profitable.
A RATnER Romantic Police Cask. The follow
ing report of a case brought before the magist rate
of Henry-street police ufficc, appears in the Dub
lin Morning Register. A young female, possessed
of great beauty and most elegantly attired, whose
name appeared on tho charge-sheet as Ellen Ro
saland Holmes was brought before Mr. Duffy by
a police.cotjBtable, who staled, that ai. a rather
lato hour the previous night, he was on duty in
Sackville-street, and hearing a noise in Elephant
lano he went to ascertain the cause. He saw
four or five girls along with, or rather encircling
the prisoner ; they were abusing each other and
caused a great disturbance; when they saw him
coming they all, with the exception of the prison
er, ran away; bdt the prisoner refused to go,
telling him she was a lady, though be was hardly
inclined to believe the statement in eunseqnence
of her conduct; so " the- short and, long" of the
matter was that he took her to the station house,
and charged her with being disorderly in the
street.
The prisoner, in reply to Mr. Duffy, stated that
she was a native of New York, where her friends.
.wbo she said were highly connected, reside,' and
that about two years ago a tiUcd bngliah gentle
man (she refused to tell his name) was introduced
in her family he paid ' her great attention for
some time, and wanted her to marry him private,
ly ; but this she at first refused to do, telling him
her father could eive' her a princely dowry, and
that she was willing to become his wife with ' the
consent of her parents He refused this, and con
tinued to prosecute his addresses with such seal
that the in a moment of weakness was induced
to elopo with him ; and, in order to prevent a dis.
covery, she put on male, attire, and passed a his
lordship's page! Ho brought her to Europe, and
visited the " Eternd Cit v" (Rome) where they
passed some months, and from thence they tra
velled through Germany- Spain, and all the eon.
tioenUl countries j at last they came to the great
English Babylon" (London,) where she doffed
her page's apparel, and was introduced into the
first eircks of society, where she passed as the
bride of her destroyer ; they came to Dublin a
short time since, when shortly afterwards he de
parted, she knew not whither, leaving her in a
very distressed state, so far as her mind was con.
eerncd, but with a tolerably large purse to support
her ; the occasion of her being out so late was,
that she bad heard his lordship waa (topping at
Kingstown iwjulbor she went in search of him,
but without success, and on her return, she was
attacked by a number of girls, from whom she was
obliged to defend herself in the best manner she
could she was willing to pay any penalty that
might be imposed on her for, the improper manner
in which it was stated she had conducted herself.
Mr. Duffy said her story if tree, was very strange,
and ordered her to enter into ber own security to
keen the peace, which beinz done, the- fair but
unfortunate daughter of the "land of liberty"
was at once qwenaxgea. wwn
ITIK. HENRY'S LETTER.
Correspondence '
Between Louis D, Henry, Esq., the 2Vbm-
nedjtf On recent Democratic State Con
i venlian, atsembted at Raleigh,, and (lie
Committee appointed to inform him of, his
i. nomination- ..... lL
, .. Ralciqh, January 11, 18-12,
Louis D. Henry, Esq.i
Dear Sir : We have been appointed a
Committee, by the Democratic Convention
now sitting in this place, to enclose to you
a copy of its proceedings, and to ask your
particular attention to tho resolution nom.
iuating you as the Democratic candidato
for the office of Governor of North Caroli
na,at tho ensuing election. It affords us
sincere pleasure to bo the organ through
whom this communication is made, and to
accompany it with the assurance that the
nomination was unanimous and enthusias
tic, and we hope it will suit your conveni
ence, nt an early day to make known to
us, your acceptance of a trust, which the
Democrats of North Carolina have com
mitted to you, with perfect confidence in
yourcminent abilities to discharge it.
With great respect, we are your fellowi
citizens.
HENRY FITTS, sen.,
J. ALLISON,
WM.C.JONES,
E. McCALLUM,
THOS. J. HICKS,
J. O. WATSON, .
THOS. W. GRAVES,
GIDEON GREEN,
WYATTMOYE.
... Gentlemen ; Your communication an
nouncing to me, on behalf of the Conven
tion assembled in the city of Raleigh, on
tho 10th inst., that I had been unanimously
nominated by that Convention as tho
Candidate of the Democratic party, for
the office of Governor of tho State of N.
Carolina," has been received, and I regret
that a temporary indisposition has prevenl.
ed me from giving it an earlier reply. So
strong a manifestation of the confidence of
my fellow citizens, from every part of the
State, fills my bosom with the deepest cmo.
tions of gratitude, and places me under ob
ligations to them, which I fear, I never shall
be able to repay.
" The exalted motives of patriotism, that
called together at this inclement season of
the year, at so great a distance frotn their
homes, such a rarge"Convention of Plant,
ers Farmers and Mcclianics, truly, repre
senting the great industrial and ngricultu
ral classes of our population, sent forth by
the spontaneous movements of tho people
in their primary meetings prompted by
tho distress and embarrassment brought
upon the country by tho misrule of the
Whig party that Convention too, in its
action, influenced by no leaders or dsiriring
politicians, but proceeding under tho die-
tates of their own judgment, and zealously
resolved upon tho good of their suffering
country all thest considerations, united
with my ardent devotion to the cause of
Democracy, and admiration of its princi
ples, and the deep impression that our
common country is bleeding under wounds
inflicted by infatuated party leaders, hive
determined me to accept the honored ban
ner of riiy party, and to bear it with my
best ability, incompatible ns I know it is't
wnirmy Iee'bTeTiearth7"and the retired hub
its of my life, trusting under Providence, to
the justico of our cause, ond to the zealous
co-operation of every Democrat wlu loccs
lus principles for Vie sake of his countr;,
What 1 have to say to you, gentlemen.
and through you to my fellow citizens, shall
be' said freely and boldly, but with perfect
respect for other men's opinions, knowing
that there are honorable men m both- par
tics. My position dictates it the cause of
truth and fair dealing demands that no con.
ccalmcnl should le practised upon the people.
Il was by a contrary course that the whig
leaders got into pbwer ; had their hand been
openly shewn to the people, it would have
excluded them from the public confidence.
" Change ! change ! ! change ! ! ! Things
can't be worse," was tho cry of Mr. Web.
stcr and the Whig leaders, in the year
1840. ;- By chargrs the most unscrupulous,
ngainst JMr. Van Burcn's ad mi riist ration
by unholy appeals to tho passions of the
people, and by deceitful promises of re.
form, the Government of the country was
changed, and that party put into power.
How that change has resulted, might have
been foreseen from the tricked means con
trived to effect it. What it is the wrongs
and distresses of the country every where
make manifest. Things have grown worse
beyond all comparison! The disasters
and ruin of centuries, by the baleful influ
ence of this ruling power, have been com
pressed into the fatal the ever memdra.
hlcycar tho Whig year, 1841 ! when the
whig leaders, infatuated withpowcrfahh.
less to their solemn pledges and pomises,
proposed no good, but contrived every mis
chievous measure that could aggravate the
suffering, and mock Jjie calamities of a
people they had most cruelly, deceived,
' They have1 brought the , affairs of the
country to a dangerous crisis too serious
for them how to dare to deride the public
suffering by midnight debaucheries and
drunken" processions j ' tehen,' the"peop!e
must take the affairs of the country into
their own bands, by dismissing from their
service, these unprofitable servants, who
have practised extravagance where they
promised economy imposed taxes and a
pnblic deb where they promised relief-
proscribed democrats' for; opinion's sakej
where they promised toIeration-'-are plan
ning a paper-making, corrupting U. States
Bank, when they promised a sound curren-cy-7-haye
produced Jiard timea and low
prices,' when they promised -gooc!' times
and high prices in fine, M ho having quar
relied and separated into two parties, from
an avowed distrust of each other's honesty
and sincerity (shamelessly bruited to the
world) have sunk the credit of the Govern
ment in the dust. The Secretary of tho
Treasury announces to Congress the as
tounding fact that tho Treasury Is bank
rupt, and that he cannot borrow money up
on the faith of the Federal Government
the country has lost all confidence in the
honesty nnd ability of these men to conduct
its oflairs T Whoever beheld such a state
of things before? The Federal Govern.
ment, and the States overwhelmed with a
det)l of between" two and three hundred mil
lions; in a time of peace, their credit dis.
honored, nnd not able to borrow a dollar
to meet the pressing exigencies of the ceun.
try. How appalling would "be tho crisis
were the country suddenly plunged into a
war with England ? wljen the alternatives
would seem to be, to starve under the heavy
hand of taxation, to die by the sword, or
yield up ignominiously tho liberties of the
country.
To trace these effects to their true caus
cs has now become a duty which must not
be pretermitted." "
CAUSES.
The primary and remote causes, I be
lieve will be found in the vicious action of
tho Banking system the secondary and
more immediate cause, in tho corrupt con
fedcracy between thegrcat loaders of the
Whig party and the United States Bank,
with tho affiliated ocai Banks, to effect a
rechnrter of the former, and to tear down
the Administrations of General Jackson and
Martin Van Buren.
I avow myself opposed to a latitudioous
construction of the Federal' Coustitution.
I think the Federal Government ought
never to assume a doubtful power; and
where a power may be wanted, to rely up
on the people to give it, after the manner
provided in the Constitution itself.
Herein consisted the fatal error of the
Federal party, which having failed in the
Convention of 1789, to model the Govern
ment to suit its own notions, sought by the
subtleties of construction to derive powers
to it which tho people had not granted.
Thus, instead of stregthening the adminis
tratiorrof the" GwSi'n"irie"nT;tyTtKhtngnR)
it the confidence qftlie people, it weakened it
by exciting their distrust and opposition.
Through this dangerous breach have enter
ed the greatest i'ls that cver afflicted this
country, and whoso bitter fruits we arc now
tasting. Tho riper experience, reflection,
and closer observation of my manhood, un
der the numerous lights, silting discussion,
and practical tests uffbrded by the age,
have brought my mind to these conclusions
nor can I doubt, that should tho princi
ple.Af liberty which sustain this GLO.RI-
OUo UNION ever be dangerously assail
ed, their refugo will befoandvtm
ramparts of the States, where their altar
firos are ever kept burning in tho hearts of
the people, by the love for them, which is
inspired by the daily and familiar discharge,
of the duties of self-government.
- UNITED STATES BANK.
The great and good men who framed
ffieTedcfal'CToristutTbn, had been taught
by sad experience, the evils of a paper
currency. Its courso for nearly a century
before, both in Europe and America, had
been attended with the snmo disasters to
trade and industry.
Instructed by the will of a people whoso
wisdom and virtue had been purified by
the fires of tho Revolution, they orduined
in the Federal Constitut ion j that coin hard
money, should bo thefedcrul currency, and
only standard of value. , The experience
of all men, in all ages, and tho regulations
of Providence in the affairs of men, have
given us no other stable measure of value,
by which balances can be -settled between
nations, States and communities, and con
fidence given to trade, without which, it
will languish, or periodically- break-forth
into ruinous expansions and contractions.
Thate xccrable paper making machine, the
United States Bank, was the primal sin
ngainst the Constitution, and like the sin of
Cain, the Bank, has sunk under the doom
of perpetual infamy, as tho scourge aud
perplexity of nations. .
The history of this institution will be
useful at this time, as shewing that such
on institution, or any like" Government
Bank, can. never furnish a uniform curren
cy of permanent value, nor regulate the
exchanges ; and that it can always wield a
power dangerous to the freedom and to the
morals of the country, and that the Govern
ment can bo administered without it.
Tho late Bank of the United States went
into operation in the year 1817, and in 18"
months afterwards, July 1818, it was oo
the eve of bankruptcy, with but a few thou
sand dollars on hand, and many millions
of notes in circulation. . So diegusting,
fraudulent, and ruinous had been' its man
agement; within that short period, that' a
resolution was introduced into Congress to
repeal the charter, in 1819, which waa
supported by General Harrison. These
fact may be seen, at length in the proceed
ings of Congress in 1819, and 1820, and
in the report of its President, Mr. Cheves,
in 1822-23. During that 18 months it
had made large loans to Europe, which ul
timately taised-Jhe-prica-of- exchange
against this country. ;'Icstea4 of checking
gradually, by a prudent coutseof discouots, , '
the tendency of the local Banks to excess.' '
ive Issues, of paper money, like a bold Ibai '
er, it headed tho phalanx of State Banks!'-,
and plunged the country into every fjxceu
of" dtb't, speculation, extravagance end !uxtly ;
ry. The natural consequences followed,
and in the spring of 1819, the bubCIa burst .' -in
the South ; all the banks suspend pay
ment, and the people woke uo as from, a
dream, and beheld all around distress and
ruin. Property sunk 60 per cent or '
more, in value, and in tho citiea of New
York; Philadelphia and liuliimorc, it 'was '
estimated that 50 thousand laboring . men
and women were wandering about the ;
streets in search of food and work. The "
notes of our North Carolina Banks were '
quoted in Baltimore at a discount of 25 .
percent., and the exchanges between the '
United States and Europe were ruinously '
high; -" " "; - ' " -
A CHANGE of policy takes place in
tho management of the Bank Irom this '
time, to the time General Jackson is about
to be made our Prcsidenr. ' Mark il well at
you go along. Orders issued from PhiUw"
delpbia to all the Southern 15 ranches, not to
issue their notes when exchange was against "
them, and to replenish their vaults by'.'
dtaughls of specie, from the South Banks,
which was shipped to the North ; thus de
priving the South of its own notes, -which
had been promised as currency, crippling i
our own Banks, and raising the exchanges
against the citizens of the State, when they
could least bear it. This pressure of tho
United States Bank upon our local Banks, .
contiued for nearly lOyears, until, finally,
in the years 1827-28 and 29, every Bank
in tho State was broken down. : Had tho
U.
S. Bank furnished the currency and.
exchange it promised when chartered, our . .
sufferings would have been greatly ullevia. -ted,
on the contrary, however, it deprived "
us of the best we had, and refused to furnish
a substitute. Twelve years of its charter
had now rolled out, and the paper exchan.
ges during all that timo, .between North -Carolina
and the North, averaged 5' a 6
percent.; this as a tax upon the consu
mer, amounted in that period to many miU :
lions. The years 1827-28 and '29, spread
a deep gloom over the State. The Banks v
ruined their notes discredited out j( the."
State exchanges, scarcely to be had, and
when so, very high prices of produce and
lubor thrust down property could only be
sold at the greatest sacrifice, and instances
were known, of cotton being purchisod in
Fayellaviirc7"ar0 cenTs"ap6uhd7ahipped"r"
to Europe for a market , and there sold at a
loss to the owner. . . 8
ANOTHER CHANGE takes place.
General Jackson was made President in 1
1829 ; the'cl&rter of thefBank was to ex.
pire in a few years, unless Congress should
renew it. . The President felt it to be his
solemn duty, in his first message to call the
attention of Congress to tho past course of '
this Bank, preparatory to its application for
a renewal of its charter. This, Nicholas '
Biddlo viewed as great presumption, that a ,
republican President should dare to ones-
htniionjinlhe ccntrse ef his sworn duly , Jthe"im. '
maculate purity and wisdom of - the Bank.
Tho Bank had now become rich with the
pecie spoils derived from the StateBanks ;
it had crown strong by a Ions course of
severe contraction, and resolved, in tho in- ,
solence of its power, to crush the President.
Its policy was to make favor withjlhopeo
prerncc7)f dr courso of
rapid cxpansiun of its notes and discounts . .
made loans to the amount of nearly
000,000 in a short period, to members of
Congress bought up Editors and press--es,
to .advocate its rechartcr got the peor"
pic every where in debt to it.jand by isu ' .
ing lurgely.ifshranch'checks, ot the South,
reduced thp prico. of exchange." Thus, as
if by magic, sprung np sudJeiily, a state of
brilliant prosperity 1 . But alt was false and
hollow ! The people were steeped in debt -to
the Bank, and tho country, in debt to
Europe, as will oppear by tho great excess '
of imports over the exports, in the years
1831 end '32. It was during this state of
deceitful prosperity ," whilst all appeared fa
vorable, that tho Bank passed upon Con-'
gross its suit . for a rc-chartrr.r-Congress '..
granted it ; tor too many of Us members
were accommodated by tho Bank with im
mense loons; but Gen. Jackson, was tho ' -man.of
the people" he was true to thcirln.
(crest ho vetoed the bill, nnd in the fall of
that year was triumphantly re-elected by,
the People.
ANOTHER1 CHANGE TAKES
PLACE ; The Bank having failed to ac.
complibh its purpose by golden favors, now
resolved to effect it by operating through)
the fears and distress of the Pedptaf
It therefore, in lhq years 1833 and '34, -commenced
a sudden ani violent contrac
tion of itaissues and loans spreading dcv
olation and ruin with a bold hand, every
where the country trembled under the
shock as of an earthquake Congress was
in session the waitings of tho people arose
upon the air, like the cries of the Innocents
under the persecution of Herod the Bank
orators in Congress set up the "panic cry',
and the Whig newspapers re-echoed it that
General Jackson invst le crucifed, and the)
Bank rechartered. , This was the memora
ble panic session of 1833 and 'JM. ' ;
Congress adjourned in lheJ'summer of
1834, without rechariering the Bank. Its
golden shown and panic distress had fail,
ed of their effect, and the Bank desperately
crippled tcith debt, io fact rendered bank
rupt by its wicked policy, fell back npon the
Legislature of Pesnsylranla for charter i
for the parporacf kcrping fcs csjital to.
V,-