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-1 I
1 1
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VOIi. IV WO. 3.
BY McKEE As ATKIN."
Two PotuiM aind Finv Cevra per annum in ad ranee.
or Titles 1)oixa4 trilbii th-f jMr. ;' I
No r-jfxr will b- discontinued, cietpt at the option of
tha IVlUhcrt, ur4iU!UiTrazoi rc paid. , ; , i
. Adrcrliaeme nts! Inserted at Om Do Liu a t square of
trn !;:: or !, f!j th fintintfonv and Twevrr-rrnt
Ctsn fr each continuance., Tb number of inwrtioM
desired must t narked on the margin, or the advertise
tner.t M Ic ecntiiiord till forbid, and charged accordingly
' Court Orders will lb charged twenty-fire ptr cent extra.
Chart Patent Sermon. .
j BY DOW, Jr
ONfTHS AVMtit or tn. If
TT.
When a ikw more year ar wasted.
When few. mom springy are o'er, ,,
When a few more grwf I'm tasted,
I ihailil'all to bloom no more! Gudlxt
' 'My dear hearers Tbrse words were .uttered
- by a man borne jiown with despondency; his whole
life Was 'a peprr.and.salt ipixluro of discontent
. and misery. His cup of grief was always.! full,
: though ho kept Iconstantly sipping at it, and sor
row beclouded all his davi : and in order to render
himself 'if hosstblc. still more miserable, he took
to 'Writing poctrjl whicn Instead' of: operating as
atAA.My valve, lurst his Iieart-st rings, and sen
him down to ihd travo. a croy.haircd victim of do
apajr. j It was7dr that shipwrecked the hopes of
his younget dajji, and threw the machinery or his
brain out of geaiy in after life- Time hasnjanu
:J.i:factjiredji0trt9 tloublb for mo in his carelei ca,
N rceif, but ho has hUo shaken balmy dew-drops from
his jwirigs, that h a voJrc freshed rhany a sad) and
, wearv moment.! Honow; 'benins to liandlo roe
. roughly,1 end thejfrost that gatherjs upon my head
is a nrcsapc of the cold winter oPdeath. I vfould
gladly tax him fJf all this bodily wear and tear ;
but His of no use, as I never shajl get a cent
and
mifiht as' well fofcivc the debt, first as last, a
nu be
prepared to yield up alLthat may bo required
I am! well aware that he is now JJ . .
for
"Whettinj h( scythe, fc quickly mow ,
The few grij haira that deck my brow.
Yes. my hearers, I am past-my bloom,1
and
at I
live
nor
- nearly ripe for the harvest. AlUthe good
can riow do, is td civc you cood advice how to
and rictr that y oil r years muy'.not bo wasted J
life 'Drove a burden, x ou nave only to mase a
tood Mo of whatever has been kpned you by nroy
jdencp j for whcji tlieso thing lire returned, they
. will bp closely dxamincd and you will have to
" . nmkelrepUationpr all th - injuries they have re.
ccivet . jVou ovn nothing hereyou are only
tctian s of this lower world, and the rent is c lor
inous. You have the uso of the materials of life
: iree gratis, for nothing; but, I repeat, they .nust
bo returned in proper order H you become
defuulcrs, mayj ileavcn . protect you, for I
canH li But Hon l depend n borrowing from one
rinothor, becaus,eyou arc thus .divinely favored. '
Many 'secni to take it for granted, .thai becauso a
generous providence has hid' inc ttmaTicss-ta enu
them few favote-they have a right to borrow
Trorn others whtiiever .they 'can. Somo borrow
money-somc,tdoU sorne, booksrsome, news.
v"papcrsi and othirs, who are tod well known. to
be trujjted withli dog's dinner, willorrow trouble,
1 for thqsako of WroNvingsomethifig. Thii if no
way, my friends, to cnjty life. fu. might, wih
as much comfort strip up your tro' vsers, and wade
itimn,fii at bed of nettles to nick a candelion qs to
tw (UiiJi Sn r?tit ht rontinuallv boirowins : ;bt t if
you are resolved to do it, then a poition ot rn jtext
' I' will aAply to yAu exactly1 Wbjn a few riorc
! ,oct(.,t 1 A-n. The .risins ecucrakion
i need to1 bo! instructed in these, mitjers. , Many of
iheso young sprigs, that sccm .to b'arbuun.oi tms.
Gles iriav.by proper culture, bo made to blosiom
roses, and some that bud roses, may unfold
thing but thistles.! It depends onlyou, who
i fathers 'and mothe'rs, to sec that your children
hmurthi bri in the Way they should go. Don t
no-
are
are
tell
them ghost and goblin storis to. frighten theirjout
of a year's growtti into tcligibn, but set theni pjood
: examples teach jhem to bo sobe tumoral, andjin
- dustrious give tuem a" flogging-when required,
and let them go ajfishih occasionally, as a reWard
for gooclncsj keep them from writing poetry till
they cad read a chapter to the' Testament witlout
assistance; and never compel thek to marry a.
. gainst tneir wins, usyuM yaiu v,.v .-. - tp
a i,iLti"' fntmct vour daughters in the
nccomp ishmcnts of the present j.day, and dress
them will j for tuoy do not court,? but are to be
courted; and unless personal as well as intcllec ual
attractions are olleredi it is ten -to one if they
' -don t dib old maids. Soon after they are five hnd
" twcnty.hhcy 'full to bloom no marc' their gar.
lands of beauty thin begin to fade, and all the false
curls, (also teeth, lalsecolor, and false airs tfiey
may assume, canpot restore their decayed charms.
Thc oung men crc too cutuiingtQ,be deceived or
takenjriby such bails. It is no go paint, gUm;
whalebone, hogs bristles, ' and false hair, -don l
make ajloycty girt of eighteen out of an.old maid,
1 i J
.and. si
by two
.xpepec worth.
i
Mv hearers. v6uns and old we snail an soou
t: i i ! ;.' ' 1 t .... 11 li .i. ;
" be on the t ecay some sooner than others, in con
' sequence cf carci grief, and disappointment ; Ibut
. contcntmcat aixl jchecr fulness will not protect us
from th a saulta ff age; though they serve Xo trim
the wick oT life when thc oil is getting. low, and to
keep thj flame pure till the last flicte expires.
blight a
id
kriildcwi when a few mqrespriogsjhave
rt renovate every thins Ibut man-Uind
reiuracu u iww .. 0 f, j
when w have parjaken of a few more griefs,
shall all fall to earth, and bloom no more,' till
are transplanted to- another sphere.:, To you,
females vo flowerets of tho eartlv
we
vre
my
the
nf?prrst of tho telhder allow me to address my.
elf. Remember (hat your beauty discloses in the
rnorhingjoi youm, mia tne uews ui yuc, pjcaayic
rl?M. arid arrives at maturity ere the meri
Hlnn of Hfe is attained its blossoms, like the petals
-of roses! are streWn before tho eveping gale.and
forever.
r t, .inr sex to bear the weight of sorrow ;
and unless
V, . v w.w. '-' ' .1 1 .. Ji ' P
well nrotcctcd irom ine.cnm winus 01
adversity,
your cparms wi wjhwi-hh,
l trs nnn fi.tjartnrs in suu.
rTn,W ilito the lilies of the field, 1 you toil hot,
wiicer -jr
. . , j ( , v .
Tr'r do!you spiri, and Solomon in; his glory jwas
.l .I i'itirA nni ff vou. vet recollect that; the
v
time may coma when a knowledge of things use.
ful will. bo requuitc. Lay up a store cf useful in
formation, and ack It down with piety, to keep It
from tainting ; to that when all personal charms
ilh beauty imperishable, j
8.
To Xbuaz 2cn SclI-I!acatioxi
But who are the privileged class in our country,
where all men are equal where wo, have no kings,
no princes, no nobility, no" titled ! Io6k about
youL.say , again look about ou, and judge,
every man for himself. A re - they not the better
educated every where and thejj children 'of the
better educated throughout the land ? Go abroad
among your neighbors, let all your acquaintances
pas4in review before you and tee if those who
are better off in the world, more' influential and
happier than the rest, (other circumstances being
equal,) are not all all, without- one exception
better educated tharY the rcst ,4t -iiinot 'af. collego
education that I speak7 of here ; t is not even a
school education. Obtained betoro a man sets up
for himself but it is education at large, in the
broadest and best sense of the term tho cduca.
tion
any
that any body may give himspl--anyfbody at
age. Again, therefore, I dp appeal to your-
selves to call io mind fany lot your ; acquaintance
who has got ahead of his bretbrerj pwho j is looked
up to, not only by them, but byj. others, and my
life on it you find him a better educated man self,
educated, or otherwise. I care inoi better inform.
cd about some things which they! do not consider
of importanceLgo farther j ad perfectly satis
fled am I of thatruth of this doclrine of the imi.
portinco of things which the uneducated regard
as trivial, that I would have this taught as a funda.
mental truth, namely, that if two (persons were to
begin the-world to-morrow, bothlof the same age
and the same character, having taej- same friends,
the same' prospects, and the sameihcalth he who
was jbestj acquainted with the muuiplication table
would beat the other in the long run. I would
Havej it generally understood, asXanother funda.
mental maxjm in morals, if not in religion, that
every sort of knowledge is of some value to every
person, ; Whatever may be his chdractor, station,
or prospects. I do not say thai it would be of
equal .value to every person, or that every sort of
knowledge is alike necessary. I merely cay, that
we cannot acquire any useless knowledge.
But, say those who appear to have understand,
ing and judgment in these matters, W have no time
for study we, "the mechanics. I Np timo for stu
dy 1 What 1 have you jno time' lien a huge,
ponderous log is to be lifted, no time'to fix the lever
and the fulcrum ; to prepare the inclined plane, or.
hitclv the- tackle T Is it economy of time to do
that with your hands which might tfe don with the
simplest (piece of machinery ?! Would you set
your apprentices to . work, your journeymen, and
yourselves, to lift and carry, by main 'strength,
vhat a child might push forward qr a roller, if yoii
would but take time enough to n.the roller T
LUKoi wruiM.jurui fCisi nua. w ha... instead p
using thelplough, as others do, should bersist m
digging a large field with a fire shoyjel because he
had iicverj been brought up to the pjb'ugh I?, What
if, a man who, instead of splitting his logs for fire
wood With a beetle and wedge, wce to .saw them
in two lengthwise, with akey.hole saw, declaring
all thci while, that as for him, he djd not pretend
to know much about mechanics, that a Key-hole
saw was good enough for, him, and as for. th Ko
tic and wedge, and other out-of.the.Way contrivan
ces, for Ins part, he had no belief inthem! Would
you not laugh at him, as a poor economist of time,
ancl a very poor reasonerj? and wciuld he not be
likely to continue a very poor man 7 j Yet he would
say nb more than you sayj every I man of you,
when you declare you havo no,ttrre for reading,
no time for study ho time to improve yourself,
each in his own particular trade, -by stepping out
of the circle he has been brought u in. j How do
you know but there is some shorter and easier way
of, doing! all that you j do in your Workshops and
factories ? r Be assured that there is' a shorter and
an easie way fof .'all !of us that there is not one
thinjr we! do in which improvement may not be
made. Have you not the proof continually before
your eyes L' Are npi piaster wumcn iuc
crs and the employers of other men ?j are they,, not
those who have, the best use, not of their fingers,
but of their thinkers ?John ISeal
An Advent are.
A young'acquaintance of ours in Georgia met
wirh an adventure a few years since at which we
enjoyed hearty laugh. He haa formed and ac
quaintauce With a lovely girl who Was in the up
country on a visit to some relationsand kfter two
or three interviews lost pis wits and tell in love.
From the respectful treatment he received, he was
induced io believe that his passion !as recipr'ocat.'
ed. In every thing else but courtihip Major ,E.
was quite proficient. We can bear testimony that
he is a most inveterate wag. kjuq iDeautuui even
incr after devotinir unusual time to nts toilette, he
sallied forth to meet the lair one, witlji heart almost
leapingoutof its resting place. Wheij in a fewhun-
dred yards of tho house, in Ape beautijpl grove that
skirts Esq. s farm; he alighted! fforo his steed,
and after tethering himsecprely, jbraced himself
against a siuray oaK io compuso ma jumiu. - x ma
being his first essay in earnest courting, ne tnougnt
it would be servicable to try his powers alone be
fore he ventured in the presence j'of the lady.
Thinking himself aloncj he was quite. bold and flu
ent of sneech. , Steoning a few paces forward, he
made a vnrv nraceful bow then with one of his
sweetest ' smites addressing his Jadj-love,' and
her fair cousin, he enquired after their healths.
Then answering the question as effeminnately as
ho .could, he launched out quite gracefully into
conversation on ceneral topics speaking for him.
f an A f.y tlx loirto P'pclinrf rMlitfi Qt homf.
Ovlt UM11UI mv iuuiw iww i ... '"f-n ;
he became pretty famniarlaugped heartily
complimented and flattered the ladies.; ana in me
courtier style advanced from step to step, until in
imagination: ho had tho hand of his jbeloved be-
stowing upon it rapturous kisses ! Just then he
was startled bv a suppressed tillering, and almost
instantly a loud laush followed, in a few stepsof
hirh. The truth flashed upon his mind that he was
overheard, and that too; bv females: Jtiis nrst im
pulse was to mount his horse and fly from the spot.
But his resolution vas changed f by ta? sqacsn ap
havo decayed, and the 'flowcrtcf Iivetioess havo
dropped from your bosoms, the r.fsd may still be
adorned with beauty imperishable.! So mote it be 1
., . A Y,' FEBRUARY 9, 1844
-rcce irom behind a tree of the very two yoxm
aics about whom ha had been solilocuislnJ
Somewhat confused, but with tie familiaritr which
characterizes southern ladies, tbey rallied the Ma-j
jbr for having his "green room" recitals ift so
public a place acknowledged that they virerc
StrolHns about' in the rrrorft. nnd wera allhhn!
while, in Hstenin'; distance. The Major was tUd-;
ly plagued, and the ladies for a few . minutes 3nd!
all the laugh on their own side. But with a decree
of presence of mind which few. reatlcraeri could
summon, under such circumstances, he declared!
mat ne saw them hide, and feeline tust then in th
humor, he determined to mak i a declaraticd of.
venture to leave, her covert, before he got through
That all the pretty things he had laid, was mel-elyf
o prepare her mind for the avowaf; and that irtshei
had.have remained concealed fipjminutes longer
she would have heard the denouemmi. Now come
the ladies' time to be serious-, luking advantage
or tho excitement, and the start ho hnd made ho
clasped those jewelled finders, which ho had sO rei
cently kissed in imagination, and pressing hetJi.to!
his lips, soon brought those sweet- tears of let hi
which they: say, most young ladies do pernit -lb
flow, as a; favorable, response to declaration of
iyvc. a no scene was soon over the vows sassl
ed, and id ; a few weeks Maj. E. led to the, Uta
the accomplished Miss . Ud to the timtw
last saw the Major, him and his lady were rmri
than happy, but he had never hinted to her orl aiy
uuc ciso mo ruse piayca upon ner and ner f la
COUSin. :i, : ' ' " i- i ' 5
How the Body Sleeps. M, Cabinis. a Fitnc
physiologist asserts that the human body falls to
sleep by . degrees, portion by portion, at a timo,'
and not all at once. He avers that the muscleb
of the legs and arms lose their power before Uiosb
which support the head ; and theslastsoonerlhap
the muscles which sustain the back. He illustrate
this by ; the cases of persons whojsleep on hirsei
back, or'while they are standing pr walking. He
conceives that-the sense of sight sleeps first ; jfthen
the sense of taste; next,1 the sense of smell; lextj,
that of hearing, and lastly, that of touch. I Hfe
maintains, also, that the viscera fall asleep,! one
after another, and sleep with different degrees oif
soundness." i - f
Then what is slfpn ' A nnmlvrntlnfi ' MorVin'rkC'!
occasioned by some peculiar action.1-'or cessation
of action on the part of the electricity of thejsysj
in rvt f . . Ji. . . . - . it - ..1
Tub StriJctcbe of the Univekse.- Who can oorlteml
plate without astonishment the motion of a comet running
far beyond he orb of Saturn, endeavoring to cscap into
the pathless regions of boundless space, yet feeling Sat its
utmost distance, the attractive influence of the sun ; heart
ing as it were, the voice of jGod arresting its progress and
compelling jt, after a lapse of ages, to reiterate its anjpient
course? Who can comprehend the distance of the Mr$
from the earth and from cadi other t It is so great that i
mocks our concepti in ; our very imagination is tenfiedjj
confounded hd lost, when we are told that a ray of light
which moves at the rate of above ten millions of miles in
juJa. nriii nrvi lhniurh emijtted at this instant fraija thd
brightest star, reach the earth in less than six "years, j l
think this earth a great globe, and we se. the sad wicked
ness, which i individuals are often guilty of in scraping to
gelher a littjje ofits dirt ; we view with greater astisH
ment and horror the miVhtvruin which in! all atres. hasbecr
brought upofi human kind, by the low ambition of contend-!
ing powers, to acquire a temporary possession of a littlel por4
tion of its surface. But how does the whole of this JHobd
sink, as it were, to nothing, when we consider that a mili
lion of earths will scarcely equal the bulk of the sun i that
probably butta minute portion 8f h'a'nilSXS.":0!.1.!
all lllc ivui a u
God hath distributed through tne immensity ot spaces
Svaterris. however, of insensible matter,' though arranged
in exquisite' order, prove, only the wisdom and tho pbwer
OI Uie ..AXCUllCGlUl IlillUiV. ; I
Wmcn wiix you do. .One of two things must be flonej
in this country. Parents must expend money to educate
their children, or they must pay taxes to build peniteitiaj
rics'and to punish crime. There is a great mistake about,
what is called education. Some suppose every learned
man is an educated man . No such tlung. Jhat man is
educated, who knows himself, and who takes accurate
common sense views of men and things around mm. 5ome
very learned men are the greatest fools in the world s thef
reason is, they are not educated men. JUearning ls jonljl
the means, not the end ; its value consists in giving; me
means of acquiring the7 discipline which, when properly
managed, it giyes the mind. ,Somc of the greatest men in
the world were not oversiocKea wun learning, ouucir
actions proved they were thoroughly educated. -Washing
ton, Franklin and Sherman, were of this class; andsimij
lar, though less striking instances may now be found n all
countries. To be educated, a man must oe, aDie to iijmK
reason, compare and ceciae accurately xie may biuuv
metaphysics till he is gray, and languages till he is a walk
inr nolvlot. and if he is-nothing more, he is an uneduca
teri man. There is no class in the country who have a strong
er interest in the proper education or children than law
mere ; and the subject should receive fromi them the attenj
UOn ll ucHciyca. t
Results of Enterfrise. The two principal partners in;
one of the greatest banking houses in thej world, probablyj
the largest discounters oi dius, were pom j servants, m mo
outset of their lives, and blacked their employers boots!
The
-fcvi .uvi. , 1 r j . ,. j
paper which they now discount, amounts to four Jiunj
millions a vear. Almost all their decisions, are made
dred
by one of these men, who is so familiar with his busfnes
and the responsibility oi Dusiness men, mai ne runs a uanu
ful of acceptances through his hands" and pronounces opon
them in less time, than a bank teller pays his bank ?otes
for a check. 1 The resources of thd; house are so vast that
the Bauk of Ensland has found itself quite unable td dic
tatft to thpm or to indulge in rivalrv with them. Oao of
the partners, it is said on good authority, is in the ha6t of
giving away, from his share of the profits, a hundred thou
sand dollars annually. N. Y. Jovar, Com
': ' . .,: I . ..i - I ':' ' ' : If -'-
ReuciOTTs Beuef. I envy no qnalilyj of the mind or
intellect in others; be it genius, power, wit, or fancy i but
if I could choose what would be most delightful, and I
believe most useful to me, I would prefer a firm religious
belief to any Other blessing; for it makes life a discipline
of froexWss : creates new hopes, when all earthly hopes
existence, the most gorgeous of all lights ; awaken life
,nith mrf ihmws over me cecar. u7 ucbituciiwi. oi
even in death, and from destruction ana oecay caip up
beauty and divinity ; makes an instrument of torture and
shame the ladder of ascent to Paradise ; and,- far above
11 rnmbinationa of earthlv hopes, calls up the moft de
lightful visions of palms and amaranths, the gardens of
tne blest, me security oi evenaauug "u
. ... v i . i j--- .-1. : U :
sualistand the sceptic view oniy gioom, ucjr, uuutuuuuu,
and despair. air ii.,uaty.
Tn Tfttmnruiion- we shake awav the snow of time from
the winter-green of memory ; and behold the fair years of
childhood, uncovered, iresn, green uu uauujr, uwum-
afar .off before us.
Every one exists in his own peculiar sphere ; but there
am ima who are confined within the narrowest limits,
and others whose where comprehends all. S It would be
as impossible for the vulgar mind to find enjoyment among
rentd iateilts, t for to iw ja.w tuwa i oi w
From. the. Charleston Mercury, Jan. S3. : ! .
Hr. CalZiourx't 17itidraxnl
. : Fort Hill, Dec. 21, 1843.
To the Central Coinsiiltec : 4- : : " !'."
Gentlemen : I herewith enclose you,' as th
organ of those who. have nominated, me for the
rresiccncy in this state, subject to a Convention
r:-i ' j t jj. - i
lajnj vuusiuuieu, an Aouresa io. my political
friends and supporters, assigning my reasons for
not permitting my nameio go ! before the proposed
Convention to be held in Baltimore in May next.
1 transmit it to you because 1, "deem it respectful
and proper to make it known to those ! to whom if
is addressed, through you, and in order to afford
you an opportunity to take- such measures in rela.
tion to it, as you may deem proper, if, indeed, you
should deem any necessary. ' All I have to request
is, that its publication shoulJ cot bo unnecessarily.
delayed. i i"
With great respect, I am, ccc. &c.
J. C. CALHOUN.
Hon. Jacob Bond I'On, ; " .
' and other members of tho Committee. . - I
The Address of Afr." Calhoun to his Political friends
and supporters.
I have left it to you, my friends etnd supporters,
through whose favorable estimate of my quahfica
tions, my name has been presented to the people
of the united States for the otlico of Chief Magis.
trate, to conduct the canvass Ion such! principles,
and in such manner, as you anight think Vest.
cut, in so coing, i,aia not waive my rigiu, to oe
termine, on my f. individual i responsibility, what
course-my doty might compel me to pursue ulti
I mately, nor have been an inattentive i observer of
the canvass and the course you nave taken.
4 It affords me pleasure to bo enabled to say, that
cn all leading questions, groWing opt of the can-
YJsSj I heartily concurred witl? you; in the grounds
yoi looK.nna especially in niose rciamiK v uw
moie in which the Delegates to the proposed Con
ventbn to be held in Baltimore, should bo appoint
ed, aid how they should vote. You J have, in my
opiniot., conclusively shown, ! that they should be'
appointed by Districts and vote per capita ; but
your reasons, as; conclusive j as they are, have
proved ifl vain. Already New York . and some
other sta'es have appoiuted Delegates en masse
by State Conventions, and one State (Virginia)
has resolved that the votes of her Delegates should
be given by the majority, and be counted per cap
ita. Their course would necessarily overrule that
which you have so ably supported, should you go
into Convention,1 and would leave you no nlterna.
tive. but to yield yours and adopt theirs, however
much you may be. opposed to it on principle, or to
meet them on the most unequal terms, wun oivia
ed against united arid concentrated forces.
The question then is, whatjeourse, under such
circumstances, should be adopted! And that
question, you will be compelled speedily to decide
Thp. near a pprnarii.nfjhft-time for meetinc of the
proposed Convention will not admit of much long
er delay. But as your coursei may depend in some
degree on that which I have decided to take:
deem it due to the relation subsisting, between us
to make mine known td vou without further delay
" I. then, after the most careful and deliberate
survey of the whole ground, have decided that
cannot permit my name to go before the proposed'
Convention, constituted as it must now be, consist.
""V-"hh the principles which have ever guided
my public conduc .My objections are insupera.
uiu.v ia li uiusi ue cunsuiuity, i.i iiianiint to
an tne principles on wmcn, in
Convention should be formed.
my opinion, such a
What those
pnn-
cioles are. 1 shall now proceed briefly to state.
I hold, then, wh you, that the ! Convention
should be so constituted, as to utter fully arid clear
ly the voice of the people and not that of political
managers, or office holders and office seekers ; and
for that purpose I hold it indispensable that the
Delegates should be appointed jdirectly by the peo
pie, or to use the language' of General Jackson,
should be " fresh ;from the pepple." I also hold,
that the only possible mode to leflect this, is for the
people to choose the Delegates by Districts,- and
that they should Vote per capita. Every i other
mode of appointing would be. controlled ;by politi
cal machinery, arid place the appointments in the
hands of the fewJ ;who work it. .
I object, then, to the proposed Convention, be
cause it will pot be constituted j in conformity with
this fundamental article of the Republican creed.
The Delegates to it will be appointed from some
of the states, not Dy tne people in uisincis, ouj,
as has been stated, by State Conventions en masse,
composed of Delegates, appointed in all cases, as
tar as lamintormed, by uounty or nistrici. ixin
veniions, and in some cases, if not misinformed,
these again composed of Delegates appointed by
still smaller divisions, or a few interesteoV individ
uals. Instead then of being directly, or fresh
from the people, the Delegates to the Baltimore
Convention will be the Delegate of Delegates ; and
of course removed, in all cases, at least three, if
not four degrees from the people. At each suc
cessive remove, the voice of the people will become
less full and distinct, until, at last, it will be so
faitt arid imperfect, as not to be audible. To drop
melaohor. I hold it impossible to lorm a . scneme
more nerfectlv calculated to annihilate the control
of the people over the Presidential election, and
vest it in those who mate pontics a iraue, anu who
live or expect to live on the Government.
- In this connection, I object not less strongly to
the mode in which Virginia has resolved her Del
egates shall vote. .With all ; due respect, I must
sav I can imagine, nothing more directly in con
flict with the principles of .pur-' federal . system of
government, or to use a broader expression, tne
nrinelnles on which all confederated communities
have ever been united I hazard nothing in say
ing, that there is "hot an instance in our political
history, from the meeting of the first Revolutions.
arv Congress to the present day, of Che Delegates
of any state voting by majority and . counting per
capita; noroo I oeueve an instance pi uib iiwu
can be found in the history, of any "confederated
There is indeed something mon
strous in the idea of giving the majority the right
of impressing the vote of "the minority into its ser.
vice, and counting them as its own. The plain
.rjila-rrfta-t which Jias ..er preniled, and which
yuHiwuj umoiciatcs ot common cqhc, b, th-t
where a ttatc, yotes as a stato, by a majority of its: .
Delegates, the ; votes count one ba thv Co TV Of
many, or, tha state Urge or smaU, Oa the contra J
ry, where the votes of alhho Dr!t ir t.
ed, they ypto individually and ?ndependeritly, each -for
hunsclf counting one Anditisto be noted. -
wuwsid iui auvr motto ot YOUpr CXlStS
among cocfedcrated States, it h in all caicVfoundv
ed on ccrnpact, to which tho consent of each stato.
is requirca jo tne absence or compact,! the inva
riablo modb of. voting, jin such states, lis. tnn,
casesby tjiei majority, their vota counting one.
ino courso which Virginia has resolved to take.
i iu vivii.ion oi mis piam ana lunaameatal rule,
ana u ucnouio; oecomoa settled practice, would:
bo destructive qf tho ; ifoundation on which .'thn,'
Vholo. etructure of the Stato. Right doctrine is
reared.- J. . . , -i , . " 1 . . ,
1 holt?; In lht next place.-to bo an indiWntnhU '
principle, that tho, Convention should bo jsb constj.
tutcd as to givs to each stat, in tho nomination of
a candidate, the sarho relativo weight, Ahich tho
vwinumuuu sscuures to It in llie ClccHhn ftf th
President, making duo . allowance fof Us .rolstivA-"
party strength. By tho election, I mean tHe whole.'
uio,ccMiuai vuvitu wuen u goes into tne tlQuseoft
Representatives, as well as the primary vote JmIio.
electoral college. . Tho ono is as much a part of
the election as the. other. -The two make tha
whole. ..The adoption of tho one, in the Conven.
tion which framed "the Constitution, depended on,
the adoption of tho other. . Neither could. possibly .
be adopted alone. . The , two were the result of
compromise between tho larger and smaller states,
oucr n long ana uouotiut struggle, wpicr threaten,
ed tho Joss of the .Consitutibn itself. The object
of giving to the smaller states an. coualifv with tho
larger, in tho eventual choico by thu House, vaa
to counterpoise the preponderance of tho,
larger .
m the electoral college. Without this, the smaller
would have voted against the whole provision, and
its rejection would have been the consehuencc. ,
Evdn ' as it stands, Delaware voted against it. - fo
confirmation of what I stato, I refer to Mr. Mad
ison's report on f: the proceedings of tho Conven.
tion. ' " . .
Having stated what I mean by the election, it
will require but a few words to explain rnv reasons
for the principles I have laid down. They are few,
and simple, and rest on the ground, thai! the nomi
nation is in reality the election, if concurred in, as
far; as the party is concerned. It is so intend,
edto be. Tho leading reason assigned tor making
it, is to prevent a division of the party, and thereby
prevent the election from going into the House,
where the smaller states would have jho jadvantagt
intendedjo be secured to. them by the constitution,
by being placed on an equality with the larger. :
Such being tho intended object and ef ect, J now
submit to every candid mind, whether the Con.
vention ought not to bo so constituted is to com
pensate in the nomination for thd important advan
tage iri the election, which the 'smaller isfates surt
render by going into Convention. ; Would it not
be unfair a palpable want of uond faith and sub.
versive of tho compromise of the constitution to
. withhold it ? Or, if demanded, would jt be short
of an insult to refuse it? Can if be thought, that
the smaller statas are so debased and absorbed in
the party politics of the day, as to, permit them.
selves to be thus indirectly stripped of a right which .
their high-minded and patriotic ancestors held so
dear, as even to prefer tho loss of thc.cpnstituhon
tself, rather.than surrender it. ; ..
X object , then , to the proposed Convention , in this
connection, because it makes no compensation to
the smaller states for tho surrender of this unques
tionable and important constitutional rigritf Instead
of that, its adveates peremptorily and ihdignaotly
refuse any, and treat with scorn every attempt to
secure it. Some have none so fnr A viunv ihnt
the eventual choice of the House' constitutes any
portion of the election, and to manifest open hostil.
ity against the provision of the constitution, which
contains it. ''' n' :. ; . ." :r:;"!"'" L ' -:
If there was no other objection, the one under
consideration! would be" insuperable with me. I
differ utterly from the advocates of the proposed j
Convention, in reference to this provision. I re- !
fard it as one of the first importancet riot becauso
desire the election to go into the House, but be
cause I Believe it to be an indispensable means, in
the hands of the smaller states, of preserving their-
just and constitutional weight in the Presidential J
election, and through that, in the executive depart- i
meniano tne government itself, which li believe to ;
bo essential to the preservation of bur sublime
federal system. I regard the adjustment of the
relative weight of the states in the government f.o
be the fundamental compromise of the cdnstitution, 1
and that on which our whole political system de
pends. . Its adjustment constituted the great dim-
culty in forming the constitution. . Thej principle
on which it was finally effected was, that, while j
due concession should be made to population, a -
provision should bet also made, in soriie form, to ;
preserve the original equality of the states in eyery
department; of government The principle was
easily carried out in constituting the legislative
department, by preserving the equality ol the states
population its full preponderance in the ojhci. But
the great and difficult task of reducing it to prac- .
tice was in the executive department, at! the head
ot which. there is but a single ofheer. I tSo great
was it, that it occupied the attention oil the Con
vention, from time to time, during the vjhole ses
sion, and was very near causing a failure at last.
l would have been an easy task to constitute that
department, either on the principal of the equality
of tho states in the government, or that of popula.
. m ' I . . I . ...... ... - .1 " - . t i. ; ..;
lion, io eomume me two, .in me ejection. cu ,a .
single officer, was quite a different affair ; but how
ever difficult, it had to be performed, at the hazard
of losing tho constitution. , : . - -
It was finally accomplished; by giving tho larger
states nearly lhe,same predonderance in the electo
ral college, as they, have in the House, and to the
smaller, in the event of a choice by the House, tho
same ,equality they possess in the Senate; thus. :
following closely the analogy of the: legislative de, .
partment: To make it as close as possible, it waa;
at first proposed to givo the jeventual chQico to tha
Senate, instead, of, the House, but it was altered
and the "present provision adopted, .for
wuiu uiu iiui uucci tne principle.
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