North Carolina Newspapers

t C'i:;, n ; ctll vt V 1 . Ti V If- h cwrv L 4 'A 1 1f h h- '. m. - 'r It-'" ' 1 TwTvrv.i::i C:Nfi f r n j?i , t . .:i-.. i:-- .3 i.ur:.'. r cl" i crli;-. ti ..J rrr: t L : r,-irkcJ t 1 f :' !,. -.! ,,r - 1 c ' cVr. will Le cljar-cj tv.-cnty-f.vu ir c"it extra. -r lilt. CLAY'S I SPEECI1, ' j Dcllvcrca In tlio City ol Xl&Icigb, ':p:r April 13, 14. - Friends UnJ FcIlow.CUizpns, Lcidics end Gciij ttemcn of North Carolina: ; v -" A long cherished object of my heart is. ac complishcd. I am at vaur Canitol onJ in tUA midst of ybuu ;- I have looked forward to thi - r i i j ,.. , : i my first visit to North Carolina, with anxious wishes, and with high ; expectations of great . gratification ; and I am nappy to say that my fondest anticipations have been mure than realized.! Wherever I lavo passed j on nly way to your city, where I havo stopped, pt the depots of rail roads; in country, town ir "village, i has been my ood fortune to rp ceivo thd warmest deme nstratioqs of-respect and kindness, from all p irties, from both sex es, and from every age ; but no where liave I .'metho where had I ex ice ted such u distjn. "guishedi reception, and such enthusiastic greetings as those with which my arrival here lias been attended." I a jn rejoiced to be With you thisj day, to stand surrounded by youj in the shaie of this magnificent Capitol, a noble monumintof your pubhc liberality and ta te; ttnd while my grateful heart has been wa rm, cd, by tho thrilling' grasp of each ouUtrctc lied linnd, and my eye chcci ed by the smiles and beauty of the fair daugl ters of Norili Carofi--na, who h,ave honored 1 lis occasion by their prcsenco, I cannot but rejoice, and do j re joice, that I am-an American citizen; jdnd feel that, though far removed from my imrnc diaio homo and friends, yet I tread hero 1 the soil of jmy country, am in tho midst ofjmy 'friends' and countrvmen. and ean exclaim in thejanguago of tho Scottish hard, .that this, 'thia U indeed my own, my-uatiyo ilandi" I own that 1 have been truly, nnd jgrcatly," but agreeably surprised.'. had expected tojfind some hundreds, pcrhapii a few thousand as sembled here to meet a id greet m'e. I did not expect to witness such an out pouring. IJ did not expect to see tho whole state congregjated together ; but here it is ! Fromjtlb moun. lains and from the sea board from thoj ex. trcmilics and from tho centre, I 'see around mctho sons and daughters of the good old North j State !, A stale which has earned this estimable title by mo purity, simplicity, and efficiency of its institutions by its junr form patriotism andln flexible virtuj?;, by; its juict,unobtrusivc, and jnambitious demeanor, and by its steady and ;rm attachment to the Union J of which it is ono of tho surest props and pillars a noblehttlo, of which although it is not proud, because it is not in its nature to bo proud, its sister states may' well envy nd emulato her. For these hearty mariifes. lations of your respectj and - esteem , I thank you all. - I thank my pir country(womci for trracinff this .meetings by their icountennnce and prcsenco. I thank your worthy, (phicf1 Magistrate for tho generous manner in. which he has, represented your hotpitality. J thank the various Committe is for the kindness! and attention" which . I hayo received at thoir hands and particuk rly the Commfttej who did me the honor to meet me on ,thc bor ders 'of your state, and escort me to this cuy.;.. , : ! !!; ! . I am hero, fellow-uitizens, in jCompliancc with your own summons, Warm and repeat, cd invitations to . visi j this stale and my j own arden desire to see it, to form y tho accjuain lancalnnd to share the hospitalities of its citi zens, have brought nje in your presence.-. 1 have come with objects, exclusively sociil and . and friendly. I have come as a propagandist. I seek to change no! man's opinion, to Sshake no man's allegiance to hisf party. Satisfied and contented with the opinions which I have formed upon, publiji affairs after thorough . investigation and full delibc ration, I am wil liorr to leave every other njan irithe'uridisturb cd possession of his opinions. Itisorrc ofyour great privileges, in a free country, to form our vn nninions UDon'all matters of public: con- , . j r - i ... i i . ..( . cem.1 Claiming the exercise of it for myself : r-L'- - fl ;-':.,:'. -.) t , ". . i A .... i. I lam. ever rcaay icj accoru t it wiuc-i uipiai freedom in exercising it for themselves. But, ' inasmuch us the manner "in; which we may exercise. the rights,! appertaining to; "us may xert, reciprocally an influence upon. each r, for good or evil, wo owd tho Mutual ,i cf considering' fairly, fully", and disinter- " "' r.:l mc-r'jres of.publid 'policy which - Lj rrc:: J f:r adoption. ! . ; AUhou-h fjwJ'w'.cithens, f I . havel truly said that I h:ie t:i come to.your Stale , with r purposes, ; I am ( aware r.alicn, entertained here, ;. - ? the occasion to. make . . -e. , sentiments nnu views - . .., - ::t to :V.2 ciTjir. 1 3 u " ' ' : it lliis cs; cctation, t" - - ('.':! iK. v.i:':i perfect trutli, I l.irj vrA r::J r:v;r 1 -1 ' ary tr.;. for T 1 3V3 :ou tr-!:. cf t:.-i-.:-:.t ; .-! ar-.rr.!, lJj; I ' a:: inrr.:at. : i . Without prr'-:':.::ij n jrrrril?' tD . !v c!s2 t!;3 c jrj v.i:!i 1; c:ht 1 1 : r & V V tie3..pul;ic measures and LT3 j ; uicip1- which ought to guiJe s, I will slate my "own. In respect to political pa rties, of which I havu seen many, in. ! this "country," during il life Which is now conVidepbly protracted, ,1 ibe." licve in the main, most ofthem think, or. have persuaded themselves; to belie ct that ihcjy, are oiming at tho happtnj-ss of their coun! ry.- Their duties and thir interests well tm'der stood, tmm rtcfsaunly -urge 'jlhem ti. pro mote its wclfirc. Ijhey are itis" true, often deceived, deceived by their own passioOsj and prcjudicea, an J still more by inle rested dem agogues, who cloak and conceal their sinister designs. Polijical parlies, according itoi my humble opinion of tljcir legitimate splcro' of action, ought to be regarded as nothing more than instruments, or means, subordinate;, but important instrurnen s or means, in eplbting tho great purpose , o ' wiso administrjilion' of government; highly useful when not (factious r ,1 " "' I '" III' ' ' and controlled by public virtue and jpatriot-; ism ; but j when couittry is lostj sight jofj and! the interests of the narty become paramount to the interests oftlijo country j when . ihje! gov ernment is seized by a party and is not ad. ministered foit the benefit of the peoplo. and ihevholc peoplo, but to'advanco the 'purpol ses", and selfi Jii aimi of itself, or'rother of iti leaders, thcn'i-4 such a party,! whatCj'vpj- may be the popula nam y it may :assumej,'.. highly detrimental and dangerous. - 1 am a ' Vlii ,: ? ''II . I- a' wajiply attached to the party j which' bear.s thit respected name, from a! thorough per suasion that its principles and policy are best calculated to secur 3 tho happiness nud pros priiy of our comnou country; but ,j if j 1 be1 licved otherwise, ill were convinced !thut t sought' party! or individual aggranc!i::cmeni, and not the public forever abandon good, I would instantly and' whatever might-be the consequences to n yself, or whatever; jlho re- grcts which jj mig it feel in separating from veteran frirrds My opinions upon great and leading measures cpmc settled coiiv because thatJarty those measures. i of public 'policy 'have ,be-. ctions,.nnd I am a Whig seeks the cstablislihient off n determining will hi which parties of' th ?tinntry, 1 Uofttio two 'great ought to be copnecjted , I have 1 been - governed by. a full considcral ion. anil lair conspansoij. of;thc tendehcy o their respective principles, measures;' conduct and views. Thejro is-on!e prominent and characteristic difference bcl tween the two parties, which eminently di- tm'guiaiies them, no other, would judgment. And ference uniformly and which, if there were be sufficient to decide my hat js, tho respeclj' and de displayed by the jpne, add the disregard and contempt! exhibited by the other to the constiuiion, to' the laws: and to public authority. In a country wHercafrec and self-government is established, Ijt' shou d be the pleasure,; as it is the boundenf duty, jf every citizen to s!tand by and uphold jhc con stitution and laws, and support tho public au thority ; becauseihcy arc Jus constitution-! Jus laws, and thd public authority emanates laving concurreclj by the from i liis t- will. exercise of his pijialeges, in ' the adoption !of the constitution J and in the passage -of tiie i "'! '- ' ", f ' : ..-'....: J' ! - . f) ' ' laws, any outrago or violation alteimpted :of either ought to ic'rcard'ed as ad - offence 1 ' ji ' j 1 1 I against himself, an offence against the majesty of the people, in an arbitruy aU absolute government, t,ha isubject'may have! jsome (x- cuse for evading tho edicts' and ukases of the monarch, -bccaulse they are not only promul gated, "without cclnsultingtris will, but sonje ' J . .Xt . i , . !, - r limes agajnst tup wishes and the interests of tlic people.' I that species of government, the powc of the bayonet enforces reluctant obedience to the law. Wiilh a free people ' the .fact that the laws arc their law's, ought to supply, in a prompt and voluntary rally to jhe support of the public authority, a force m0ro peaceful,!' more powerful, and jroore rea sonable t tanauy derivable from a 'mercenary 'soldiery. . , i, . - j; j. .. j . It is far from my intention or desire to do f I ."'.. ... . . - l! '' i '.- j . the Ieastiinjustjce to the party to which I am I opposed j; but 1 think that ia asserting the characteristic j difference .between the - t wo parties which 1 have done, I am fully borne out by facts, to some of which,' only J on this occason: can I refer and these shall all be ' of ... .i....... ; f i :i :- - ..,.. U,. . . ..t-r - ('.:: - i a recent-nature. 1 -..'-ii ., . .The first, tj which I shall call your atten. tion, has occurred during the present session of Congress. J The variety id" tiro mode' of electing members to the House of Represent tatiyesof the tJuited States, sonic being, cho sen by whole. states, and others by separate districts! was long a subject t)f deep and gen eral complaint. ,It gave to the- states unequal power in 'the councils cf tho nation. Mis s:r-i c Nov Hampshire, for example', Missis by a -r-rnl ticket, securing tho election of its rr.-irA :s to the ' House . of Representatives, r.f 5 poliucal pi ty, rnlgLt acquire more f; ii ths'ILu, j, i:: Jin lbs s-'-its "of - Ncv i .' ! ir.ci.i "s ur '.r ll.T C. . : . . - '; i. i i-.e c; rt . , tir cnr.nM pos-cf t!: Oor tho cv.i ?vstc:r jrt'JLity, un i2 ot!ier,"of r t b?cjmm r. the capcit tei viith'anl anJ fiitlitv of t'..j c.ir.JiJato fr suiiragc. . An ei.etor, r-o; J.;-g in ui.o ex. ticmc cf the Slate, cauaot bo presumed to know a candidate living at-a xlistanco from him perhaps at the other extreme, vIJyVthe general ticket,-the minority in a state is completely j 'smothered. From these, uhd other views of the subject, it has been long. a patriotic wish entertaiued that there should be some uniform mode, both of. electing mem.' ! bers to tho House of Representatives and choosing electors of President au,I Vice Pres- i ( i' . - j - ; . . ; " ; j ; ident. I recollect well, some twrnty years ago, when public opinion appeared to bo al most unanimous upon this subject. Well, the last Whig Congress, in order to prevent the abuses, and to correct the inequality, arising out of the divers modes of electing members ,i - -j . - of the House of j Representatives, passed an act requiring that it should be uniform and by districts, i T hisi act was in conformity with an express grant of power contained in the constitution of tho United States, which de- I ! I , ; clareS that; "the, times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators, and Repre sentatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Lcgislaturcthcreof, but, the Congress mayt at any lime, hjlatc, m tke or alter such regulations, cxdeptasto the places of choosing Senators.'' ith that reasonable, equal, and just act of Congress, every Whig state, whose Legislature assembled in time after its pas sage, strictly complied, and laid oflT thfcir re spective states into districts accordingly. But the four stales; with Democratic Legis latures, of Georgia, Mississippi, Missouri, and New Hampshire refused to conform to lawtreatcd it with contemptuous neglect and; suffered the elections for members of the House of jRepres'qnlalives to proceed,: in total disregard of it provisions. This was a new species olf nullification, not less reprehensible than that' which'Hyas. attempted formerly in another 'tatcj though admitting of a more easy and peaceful remedy. That remedy was: to refuse to allow the members, returned from the four iSiates, lo take their scats in the lloiiso of Repielhtatives, which they had no constitutional ojjvlejgal right to occupy. That queslionjthc present House of Representatives had to decidej fBut jt was predicted long before tlicy assembled, confidently predicted, that tho' members from the four refractqrvN i I i '. i states, would , be allowed to take their scats the constitution; and the law's notwithstanding. Why was it so' predicted? Was it not be causc.it was known, fjorn the general charac terjand. conduct of the dominant party in the lloltise', that it would not hesitate to trample under . fool bejlh law anu constitution, if neces sary to the accomplishment of a party ab ject ? Accordingly, the" question recently came Up in the, House, and me members from thd four states were adimittcd to their scats. And what, fellow citizens, do you suppose was thei process oi reasoning by winch this most extraorqinay result. was brought about? Congress vou have seep is invested ; with u li the limited ipowar to mako regulations as to times, places, and manner of holding cjlec tions for representatives," or to alter those which might have been previously made by the Siato Lcinslatures.i There is nothins in - j ;.)! ' 1;! ,. . , ' " . .' . f the grant ofithe power, which enjoins upo.n Congress to'cxercise the whole" of it, or none; Considerations of obvious convenience con Ives, ir in leaving to the several slates themse tho fixation 'of the times and places ing these elections. In that, each stt of hold. i state may be governed bv its sense of its own conve nience, without injuriously affecting, olhcr states.! IJut at is dilierent with the manner of holding elections, that is whether it be by general ticket or by the district system. If some states elect by a general ticket, it gives to them an undue advantage over those states which elect bv the district system.' - Thcman ner. therefore, of holding elections was! a fit iubject contained iu the grant of power, for ongrcssional legislation. If Congress had egislated beyond that, it would have, over reached the convenience and necessity of the case.) But tho dominant party, in the1 pres ent House of Representatives, havcslrangc jy assumed,. that Congress could not execute a part oft tho granted power without the jvvhole". A ccording 'to their logic the major Idocs not includo' the minor. : In their view Government cannot execute a part of a power with1 which it is entrusted without it executes the-whole of a power vested in :it.- If this principle bi true, when applied to apart of the Constitution, it would be" equally true1 in its application to' the : wholo constitution; "but there are many parts of the constitution . that never haye been and probably never will-.be executed. , A.nd, if the doctrine of the dom inant party, in the House cf- Repress datives be souiid, all the laws enacted by Congress sir.ee the commencement of lhe.Goernment arc null and void, because Cojrcsi has net executed all the rcwers of Or. eminent' with :i:.lcr3 wl.j prcsct.ltJ -1 ir.jtoa, to t.t'o sui, .;aw;'i!i t'. j t';j i crti-jr.l;als,i unjv.r I. A of their State,' dr:no::--tratiu il.cir ri !.t t cccu py i..jni. . i i.ey 1;-Jbcv.;i ttnlti'j- .'oc1jl'cJ and cIcctL J members of the IIuUoO 'cf- R.piw vectutives, by the regular authorities, and ac cording i the law sf the Salo of New Jersey. Agreeably u the uniform usigc," which Jiad prevailed in that House from the commence. mcnt of the Government, and according to the us3go which prevails in every Jrepresen. latiye body, they h'a 1 a right to demand to be admitted li their sqats, and to hold and occu- py'lhem. ; until any objections which might exist agtinst them ishculd be subsequently in. vestigated ;In the case 'of the' four states already noticed, itj was important 10. the in terest of the dominant party, in order to swell tjieir m&jorhy,v that, the members returned should be allowed jto lake their scats, although elected conlrarytb law. - In the New Jersey case, it was important to tho dominant party to enable it to retiiu its' majority to exclude tne v nig mcmoers, aituougn rciurncaaccor. . . nil i . ! ' i.r i . . ": ' -.;.' " ding to law. I The decision in both cases was adopted to the ex gency of party 'interests, in utter contempt both of constitution and law ; and it is worthy of observation that, in tho decision against the Whig members,, of New Jersey, members, who boast of being cmphat icaily the patrons and defenders of i State rights, concurred in trampling under foot the laws and authorities of that Stale. ! i ! In conncxtionj with tlic subject on which 1 1 am now addressing you, the manner of the ad. mision of Michigan into the -Union is worthy ' i of notice. According to the usage which had 'i O ,, .. O I . uniformly prevailed, prior to the admission of the States of Michigan and Arkansas, a provi. ous act of Congress was passed, authorizing the sense of the people of ihc territory to be ta ken, in contention,' and regulating the election o members to that body, limiting their choice to citizens of the United States residing In the territory. (Mictiigan, without the sanction of a previous act if Con gress, undertook, upon her sole authority, to form a Constitution, and demanded admission into the Union.! In ap. . . i,f . 1 pointing members to that convention, a great number of aliens, as .well as citizens of the United States, were allowed to vote) against the earnest 'remonstrances of many1 resident citizens" Under these circumstances, she applied "To. Congress to 'be admitted into the Union. No one questioned or doubted that she was entitled to be received, whenever she presented . her self, regularly and according lo law. But it was objected against hor ad- mission, tllat she had assumed to act against . , ' -ji j - . . i , i . all usage, without the authority of Congress, and that contrary to the Constitution and laws of tho United Slates, she had permitted aliens to partake of the elective franchise: The dan. ger was pointed out, of allowing alisns unnat uralized, and without 'renouncing their al!e giance toforeign sovereigns and potentates," to share in'tliat great and inestimable privilege. But all objections were unavailing; the1 do minant party under the hope of strengthening their interests', in spite of all irregular ityi, and in contravention of law,1 admitted1 Michigan as a State', into the Union. ! , I' In intimate conncctiujji with this case the subject ofj Dorrism. mayf be noticed. Rhode Island had an'existing government of long du ration, undes which her population had lived happily and prosperously. : It had carried Her triumphantly through the war of the revolu- tion, and borae her into the Union, as one of i - - - tho original thirteen independent sovereign Stales. Under the operation of it tho people 6f no State in thoUuion, in proportion to her population, had displayed more valor, patriot- ism, nnd enterprizc. Dorr'did not find his am- bilious aspirations sufficiently gratified under this venerable government, and be undertook tc subvert itJ A.sserling the principle that ev ery people have a right to alter, modify and change thcirj gvernmcnt whenever the think proper an abstract principle wnicn witu cau tious limitations, may be true withoutconsult- ing the established government and fhe public authorities, undertook tobeal up for recruits, to iiold -irregular elections, at wtncn persons qaulificd and unqualified," dead .and Jivingj were pretended to -have voted, and thus secu ring a heterogeneous majority, he proceeded to form" a new" Constitution and to' set up a new government. - In the mean time, the le gitimate and regular gvernmcnt proceeded in operation and prepared to sustain itself and put down the insurrectionary proceeding. Dorr, flew to arms - and collected a military force, as irregular and heterogeneous as 'his civil majority had been. But on.the first ap proach of military force, on the part of "the legitimate and regular government, Dorr took to bis heels and ignominlously fled, leaving hls'mottyccnfederatcs'to'fare as they might. Now, fellow citizens what has been the con duct of tha two parties in respect 'to his. insur. rcciibn w'htchy at one time, seemed. to be so? threaten!: j i - The'" higs," every ' whera , 1 te'Jeve to, a man, k-ve dupp;-- and crn demned the movement of Djr-- tl h-s l:rn m , ' v.i.-t t: - tiiws You c: -.t v,.-:j r -, Lj t: .J co of D.nrbm' f if R v. rrJ-..;, -r.i. Ar.v u"ri.::c!' ! J aJvc:.. turcr wculJ I o Kcihicj U do Lut to CwlLct t around him . mctly ir.jbiitv, Hack ord wnito, alier.3 and citizens, young and old. malo and femcde, overturn existing govern. m?nts and set up new ones, at his pleasure or caprice ! What earthly security for life, lib erty, or prop: rly, would remain, if a proceed. ing so-fraught with confusion disorder ard in subordination, were - tolerated 'and sauctiun-- Then there j is Repudiation that dark and foul spot upon, the American name and char actor how came it there? Tho. stain has been put thcrcj bythe Democratic majority of the Legislature of Mississippi.- - Uiujec spe cial pleas, jsnd colorable pretexts, which any private man o honor and probity would scorn to employ they have refused to payjhe.dcbts of the State rdebts contracted by the receipt of an equivalent expended within ths State! The Whigs of that Stato, whoaro tho-princi.-pal tax.paying portion of ' the population, with remarkable unanimity, are in favor of preserving Its honor and good faith, 4 by a re embursemcntof the debt; but tho Democratic majority persists in refusing, to provide for it. l am far from charging the whole of the Dem. ocratic party with this shameful public fraud perpetrated by their brethren in the State of Mississippi. m Without the State, tor theirj honor be it said,' most pf them disapprove it ! . . :.t : . .i- c-. . .1 . ' " t I nuu wuuiu me oiato mere are many nonoru ble cxccplions, among the Democrats.. - - i Other examples might be cited to . prov the destructive and disorganizing tendency of the character, tendency and principles of thp Democratic! party, but. these will suffice for this occasion. If the systems and measures of public. policy of the two' parties are coq. trasted, ana "compared, the result Will be uojt less favoraida'to the -Whig party. :.With the Whig party there prevails entire concur rence as to the - principles . and measures of 11.: I'l . I I -. 1 - T .1 ' I puoue policy, wnicn it espouses, in tne otner paty wn behold nothing but division and dis traction their principles, varying at different times apd in; different latitudes. -In' res pect to the tariff, whilst in some places, they are, proclaiming that free irado" is ihc ukf Democratic doctrine,' and thfr encouragement of domestic industry federal heresy t iri other parts of tho Union, they insist that the Dem ocrats are! alone to be relied upon to protect the industry of the country, and that the Whigs are opposed to it. -. - v ' That isj a great1 practical .and administ a. live question, in respect -to which there.' is happily now prevailing-among, the Whigs, throughout' the whole Union, a degree of unanimity as unprecedented as it is gratifying. 1? ' I i. it ! ' ' T I ! v rom new wneuus 10 mis piuee, 1 uyb con versed with hundreds of therh,:and I haVeliol met withja solitary one, who does not assent lo the justice and expediency of the principle of a tariff for . revenue, with discriminations for protection. -On this interesting question, fellow-citizens, it is my purpose to address you, .with tho utmost freedom and sincerity, and with' as -little 'reserve as if I were before . -. ,........, - ' ,. ( . an audience in the Stato of -Kentucky." I have long given .to this subject , the most im partial and deliberate consideration, of which my mind is capable. I beliove that no great nation ever has exisled, or can exist, which . . .":! - .'i-i j - " i.1 ' -' . i " .- .""'' ' I does not derive wilhin itself, essential supplies of food and 'raiment and the,-means of. dc fence. -1 recollect no, example to -'the contra ry in ancient or modern times. Although It aly did mot itself afford all those supplies to ancient I Rome, tho deficiency was drawn from her subjugated provinces, ,-preat Brit ain, although her commerce encompasses the world, supplies herself mainly from the .little Island under her immediate dominion. Lim- ited and contracted as it .is, it furnished her with "bread dnd other provisions for. tha. whole year, with theexceptionocly of a few days ; and hct manufactures, ' not only supplyaq abundance of raiment and means of defence, but afford' a vast surplu3 for exportation to forfeignj countries j-'-In considering the policy of introducing and .establishing manulactures in our country itbas always appeared "to me that we should take, a broad and extensive view,.looking,to seasons of war, as well as peace, and regard ing" tho future, as .well - as the past and the present. ' National -existence' is not. to ;be measured by "the .'standard of individual life. But it is equally-truef both of nations and in divlduals, that, when it is necessary, we must submit to temporary and present -privations for tho'sake'ef futurcTaiiJ permanent benefits Even if. it were true, as I think' Hhall be able to show' It Is not,' that' the 'encouragement of domcVtic manufactures - would. produce some sacrifices they would be compensated and more xhiv cam irLaliRccd, by ultimate ad. - r-4 - -j - rr cornbi i"r to 7'- thcr .ascr$ war. If it were " tru3 that cf F nn'fl 'f i a. i It. t:.j UIou cf t! a LV.;t-1 . ar I : l.: jrv . a;; 7i:.f.. tell us whit l'.v v.cro : ll. i "-u - j cur u:j:;..j u::-..oj .... i. i i i. .. .... ............ i i i i t c;ir u:x.;I.;J i io!d;crs Lc:w, whul c:".icrp.ii..wj v. jr; ul .:Jcd j or paralyzed. 1 acu, duj ing the hit w ,ir, A j of us, "who are old enough - to remember it," know 'what difficulties, and, at what great cost, the necessary clothing hndifaca cf dc fence'wero obtained. And who docs ntfcel censcious priJj :.:sJ patriotic Ratifaction that ttieso. sufferings, in any future 4"war, will bo jj.rever.tcd, or greatly -alleviated j by tha pro gress which our infant manufactures havo al. ready made. Jf tho policy cf Jenceuraging fhom wisely 'moderately, and certainly, bo persevered in, tho day is not duilant SvhepJ r , .... .....-.. j - ) i resting upon our own internal resources, we (may bo perfectly sure of an abundant supply Jofallour necessary. wants ani, in this veJ sprct, put foreign powers and fcjrcign wars a defiance.'. I know that j from extreme sufTir :ing and the necessity. of thc.casc, manufac tures; in the long run, would arise and su.w tain themselves, .without any encouragement irom uovernmeni, just as. nn vmaiueu; tnuni cliild would learn lo rise, to standiand to walk; but, in both instances; great distress may be avoided, and esseutlal rassistancc de rived j from the kindness .of. the -parent U h u.d --Thcadvantagcs arising from.lhc dh . i of the labor of the -population of a country are too. manifest; to need being dwelt' upon. I think- tho advantage of a homo, as well na foreign markets, is equally manifest ; but tho i slfied pursuits, creating subject of exchanges, . at home as well as abroad. ' Ifj one portion of ' the population of a country bc erigag business of manufacturing, it must d$rivo jts means of subsistence, from -. the agricultural . .... .... . ... v-. t ' .. ( . i -.. - ; - . products of tho country in exchange jfor their fabrics. The effect of these mutual exchanges is beneficial . to .both parties and tha.wh.ole country..1" r .'"". " 'j'" j Tho great law, which regulates tljo prjccs of commodities, is that of supply and demand. If the supply exceed the denSand, the prico falls ; - if the demand exceed nhe supply,! the prico rises. This law will bb found !to bej in. ! variably true.-. Any augmentation of supply; is bcncfio'al to , tl consumer . but J by. esta blishing manufactures in tho United plates, an additional supply lis created.; j Again, another principle, universally ad mi tea to be beneficial to consumption j is the principle of competition. If Europe alone supply the Ameriican -coq- sum ntion of manufactures, lliurooc vill eniov a monopoly in that supply, A That monopoly : it is true, wilt be subject to J;lhc ' competition which may exist in Europe but it, woujd be still restricted to that- compciilion.1 the ' existence of manufactures! in tlie United Statesman additional competition is created, and this new competitor enters the jAmerican market', contending ! for itiwithtlhe previous. huropean competitors. - i ho, result is an in crease in the ncsregatc of supply and a conse quent reduction in' price. iW it bus beim ar gued, that the fabrics manufactured in Ame- had been before manufactured in Europe ths.t there is no greater consumption! in conse , quence of the home rhahufact'uro ' than Would" ; exist without it ; .and that itis impartial.to tho ' consumer whether the thcatro -of 'mahufac . - turobe Europe" or.the United Stales.. But think this is an extremely contracied and fal. t liciousvicw of the subject-".;. Consumption ,F i. J greater in consequence cfthe existence ;of , s manufactures at. home. "'They- create j a de mand for laborwhich would not ciist Without them, and the employment .of labor creates . ., an ability to co.nsumc,". which would not exist without' it. ' How cpuld the' - American labor-'-, 1 employed in T manufactures', at home,'supply , . ) its consumption of European commodities, if " ; it were deprived of that employment 1 What j means of purchase would jit pofscsj 1 It is in, vain to point to agriculture j for every de- partmcnt of that is already .producing' super ' -i abundantly.-' It cannot bo questioned that the ." chief cause ef the reduce pricc.cf cotton is."-; the excess of production.J The j price of it . would rise, if less were produced, diverting a portion of tho labor employed in its cultiva lion to some other branch jot industry This new'pursuit would furnish new subjects of exv change and those, who might embark In it, as -well as those who would cobtinUo in the growtb, . of cotton, would bo both benefited b mutual exchanges; : The ,-day will . come . and is no$ distant, when the south will feci an irnperatiyq necessity voluntarily to me such, ja diver-" sion of a portion -of its -jabbr. :-Con:id:rJn the vast (,vator power, arid other" (icililic3 o(- -manufacturinj'iiow.waating'add uncmploy. cdatthe south, and its possession, at homOjpT of the choice of the raw material, V believot ,; the day will co;rs3 when tj,e ccitpa reioa m be the greatest manufaqthring region; cf- c'ot- . ton in the world. j -;i j , - . The power' cf censuring maniifactar? -r .': -' ' V-C Z-S. f- ' :V:. ' - i f ':;:'