j, iIQ.it i , ATklni CO.
1 ... I
r -- ,, rrTiit'-"! IVujj witi.i'i t!ie tear. . ,
j , r u a ti.ii.iitcJ,' cioi1; I tt lLf rp.
t . . f i:' j IV " .!. f". fcnl J all am ir:- i c- tj.'J. '
A'!v rtici'uirnts vi!( b inserted ntjO.vK Dolmk
r r ! ' ire of Uti ;or e??t tit lite ilrst insertion,
: " .:v-.r.;: C rs f.r rich cr.nt'.v..
T. i . . r cf in?rfwns t!c(irtd m nct t nryktd
n li.-i liiarin, or tlic adrcrlie.'incut wilt be coiitimi
i ,! l.li f. il.'J, and rhnfjed according. Court Or
' -rs v"l !' rhirjcil Iw tnty-five it ctnt extra.'
HVW -fief,
SPJJECn 01 Mil STEWART,' : 1
ol Pa. In clef euro ol fjhc Tariff
and IHtlribiitloii
Delivered in the llqusc of Representatives of
. A the U. S.Iarch 13, 16 U. I
ICOJKCLUDEDJ ,
NOT TlttE.
I he great and lending objcctiqn to the pro-
tectivc policy is that the duties are added to
the price, and paid by the consumers. This
objection lies at the foundation of theopposi.
lion toj this policy and, if unfounded, jthis
opposition ought to cease. The duty-ji ad-
: ded to the price ; t
cir, how is the fact
his is the theory. Now,
z what says experience?
All experience prov
cs that ihii objection, has
no existence, - save in
the imaginations of
thoso who make it.
Now, sir; I lay id cjown as a gineral prnpo
fihioh.ithat there nuvcr was a high protective
duly imposed upon .any article, fro mj the
foundatian of. this g overnment to the present
day, the price of i hich has not been iii the
v nd reduced grealy reduccd-j-in many in.
X, stances to oncihirc , and one-fojurth of wliat
It had been before these protective duties
were imposed. Tl is, sir, may seem to gen.
llemcnl on the other side to he a strong decla.'
ration! but, sir, In mke ii deliberately, with
full conviction of its troth, and I challenge,
gentlemen to dispro re it ; I defy Ihem to point
out a single instance to the contrary. Let
them Examine, and they will find invariably
that wherever the Juties have been highest,
the prices have ultimately come down the
lowest! and fbr a tury obvious reason high'
"duties promote competition, and competition
Mnim. fills in Ytvirtrr In w n nr!ps I rPtlIc pHwr't
in invariable and universal ; but unfortunately
the duties always runs up as hc' prices run
' down;' hence the frightful list of .duties! .ex.
hibited by the Committee of Ways and Means
amounting to 200, COO, and 4)0 per ent.
' When first imposcdl theso dutici were but 30
or 40 !pcr cent. ; 'Jut now owing to ihh re.
duction of prices, tlioy'havo run up to 200 or
300 p?r cent. Iij way of illustration take
; the article of glass, on which a duty of $4 a
box was imposed a ; a time when glassjcost
012; this was then a duty of 33 per cent.,
Vbut now when horn J competition, -induced by
this protective dut., has brought down the
price to $2 a box, i he .duty, owing to this re-
rhirtinr nf 'nricc. iJ 200 rer ecnt.- instead of
- i i i (
83 ; the same is trtio of many, other articles
on which (he duty, when imposed, did not ex-'
cced 20 or 30 per cent., but riow, owing to
reduction of price brodnccd by home compe
-y tition hey amount to 200 jrir S00 per pcTitj
, Whonj .four cents pr pound duty was put on
,cut ntuis,- the pride wos twelve cents, prr
pound, and thisdut;,- of course, was 33 per
cent. ;' but now' when thir protective duty has
been to reduce the price of nails from twelve
; to thro cents per pbund, tlie duty isiiiicreased
to 100 per cent. , tl lis is equally trrie of spikes,
- mmIs. k-ood screws, ecc. Again : einfit tents
a yard duty was imposed on coarse ccjttoh
when iimnorted. at CO cents, beincr a dulv of
jimpoi
40 per cent.-; but
jnow, when the pricp has
come 'down to fives cents per
ard, thej duty
rocs un to 1G0 per cent.
,0
Sir! now I.couldgrron ancj cjiumeratejmore
than twenty such instances where the dhtiesl
though moderate, when imposed, notv actually
exceed the pnctr'oT the article ; yet we are
told that in all casts the duty is added o thft
- price; and paid by the consumer i
Tlikt
is,
flmt thr consumer fiavs I a box dutv ori
ass
Vn ! Imh's frti A wnl rtnniind on n?ils
iiv vaj v , j I y '
" that no buys for 2 i ; and 8 cents a yard on
coarse cotton goo. 3 that he buys for 5. j Such
are tho absurdities into which these stale anti
. tariff' theories inolve their I votaries but
suppose what they allege were true iit point
of fact, and that the duty is really added to
" tho pricc,"thecost of cotton oods being 20.
cents when the duly of 8 cents was imposed,
:. add the duty, the irice would be, of course,
29 cents a yard, ind the duty only 28. per
''pent'Jinstcadof 150 as statedly the cojmmit
Jlee; hcnce, if yoa raise the jprico fivO fold,
then the duty is iuite reasonable, and, there
.will no no objectiooa whatever to its payment,
Let the manufacturer, then, Tun up his. price
- from! 5 to 23 cents a yard, and he at once si
lences all the objections of the Committee of
"Ways and Means, -as this ; would fix the
duty at SO per cent.,' just what they want it.
I) A suppose tho manufacturer were fo Reduce
nnr.G to oco - cent a yard, then thef duty,
bcin' 8 cents, wolildlxa 800 percent. . Hon
ii J expression 1 who would Submit to pay a
dutv cf 600 per cent. V Who could then re
f 1:3 to go with the Committee 'of Ways and
: ..:.r,3 for reducing sush enormous duties?
; EStJRDITIES OF THE. REPORT. !
F -t ti.3 Committeo iof "Ways and Means
: v t'.-ttho object of his bill is to ir,creas:3
t'.3 tz -nu? by reducing the duties ;-yet in
revenus to fjt:r 1 aLvr.iai-.t, l, r.vt: J f. 2 !.jr.
r:l cvi!s cf j'"--;: -3" Cr di-'ri' ' c:r 1
l! 3 f-.lC3.t!.2'd-ics tlr-M l ::::-.!. . ..
ducccltn as to rcJa?o tl:e rcvccJ2 r the
wsr.tscf t!:p (pvernrrent ; ct this tirr: the
committee sayj there i net rcvc:vji enough',
and they propose lis increase it by reducing
lh! ditlcs : bui chcu!d It t-jrn cut that there is
too. much, then they say reduce it by reducing
the duties. Thus a reduction of jdutics is
alike clTectual with the committee for a rcduct
tion or for an i increase of revenue.! Excel
." ,11 - .,), ... j.
lent disciplfs clDr. Sangrado, who Lad but
ono remedy for : all diseases, bleeding and
warm water." J How such a palpable contra
diction is to be reconciled or explained I am
at a loss to conjecture. " " . . : i . j
i The committee priacecd next to say that it
is tl e true policy cf every interest in the
country except manufacturers,? to jadvocate
the proposed reduction of duties, and they
especially; name agriculture. -Nowj sir, in
my opinion tho reverse of this proposition is
true; agriculture is much more interested in
the mamtenan :c of ,the present.protpcliye tai
ritT than jthc rianufacturer, and for the mosft
obvious reasons : high protective duties are
calculated to : ndijco increased investment in
manufactures; the effect of this ;s :learly to
incrcaso the d mknd for the raw ma erial antl
bread stuffi produced by the farmers ; and
tho necessary consequence of this jncreased
demand js . lo'incrcuse .the price fyf every
thing the !furm:r has to sell, and, by increas
ing the quantity, reduce-the,. price of nianu'
factuVcd good. . Thus the protective policy
enables the farmers to sell higher jand buy
lower; while, on the, other hand, Jncreased
competition obliges tho manufacturer to sejl
lower and buy hi3 .supplies at highejr rates!;
yet it is assert d in this report, and in everv
anu-tariilf spc clr,that high protect ve duties
are imposed f ir the benefit of tho jmanufac.
turcr at the expense of the farmer. Now 1
submit whether practically the opposite of
this proposition is not the truth ; aud'vvhcther
such is not the) necessary and unavoidable re-
suit of tho grifat laws of demand ap.l sviii
which regulate and control prices throughout
the world. - : ' i
But agriculture is still further boric fitr-d by
the protective policy. By increasing manu-
facturcs, it withdraws a portion of.thp.capital
and j hands from agriculture, and ! converts
them into consumers instead of producers, iii
to consumers instead of rivals;; thus dimiri
ishing the quantity and iucrcasing th demand
lor nsricultutKl aopiHics, uud nl tho anm;c
time incroasihir the supply and reJilcin" tlile
price of the manufactured goods which they
get in exchange. Thus, in every -point ot
view in ychicli the subject can be crinsidercq,'
the farmer is
more benefited than t,he manu-
facliirer I by jho adoption and maintenance of
the protective
policy By way of illustration
snpposo hi a village there js onelmanufae
turin" t establishment of woollen goods; hero
tho surround: nr farmers sell their wool and
other agrictil
ural supplies; the minufactur-
cr. navms .a
monopoly, regulatcsj his own"
- 1 1 .
prices; as wen ns ;uose 01 1110 iar,inors no
11 ;. 1 r . i;
demands uhfjl he pleases, and giveMhnt lie
will'; but suppose a; high prefect ivcX tariff on
woollen goo J.s iV passed, and inslpjid of ope
woollen factory thrrc springs into j existence
fiva or six in
ly is at once
this-village, the existing monopiD-
uestroyed j-there is sixj times the
demand for wool arid proisions ; this increas
ed demand .necessarily-increases 'the price .of
every tning
glutting the
ty of woolle
jx-duced. y
benefits of 1
the farmer has to sell, and bys.
naiketwilh fix times the quanti-
h goods the price is necessarily
:ch are' the plain arid obviojus
ie protective. policy to tl:e farm-
era; yet.politiciansw'ould have thhn believe
that they ate oppressed and ruined by this
policy, which can hlone render thm prospe
reus.; ,
.MR.. VAN BtREX S OPINIONS ON THE TAR1F7
Andhere, sir, it may not be improper ! to
i 'I
remark, that M(. Van-Burenentinjly concurs
with the Committee of Ways and Means. In
his letter to the Indiana convention he says:
'The greatbody of mechanics arid laborers
m cverg brkftch of business,! whose welfare
should be an object cf unceasing solicitude
on tho pars of every public man J have been
the greatest' sufferers by our high protective
tariff, and would continue so to be were that
policy pcrs sted in, is to my mind , too clear
to require further elucidation but he further
says what is much nearer the truth, that hh
duties are
injurious to the manufacturers
for whoso especial benefit we are
committee these high I duties are
themselves
told by the
imposed.
Mr. Van Buren says : ) Excess of
duties, which tempt to an undue and ruinous
investment of capital in their business, isin-
jurious to the manufacturers and howby
promoting competition and Reducing prices !
Hbut is not this for the benefit of the consumers 1
. i But this is not all Mr. Yan Buren says
againstthej protective policy be says, "the
period has passed away when a protective
tariff. can be kept'up in this country," that
the tariff increases the poor rnAn s taxes lo
an inverse ratio, to bis ' ability ia pay' and
that dircclj taxation is a rtiore equal and just
system, cf revenue; than duties j on. loreign
goods- These, sirr are Mr. an Buren's
opinion's toon the tariff,.a3 proclaimed to the
world in his Indiana letter..
i:.
1...
Kj'.ciLils e; ci:Atj. ' .
Ia f.rt ! .cr it rrci'! r'Jvc-? tV.i dj.
ties cs r::kd v:czY.?r. cf r.!l ; three
fourth.? cf the duties, ; and more, arc taken
from coarse cettor.s an J calicoes ; lead is rch
Led of j more than nine-tenths of its protection.
But Pennsylvania seems to be singled out for
destruction. Her ' hen, ber coal, her g'ass,
her paper, her sa!tj and leather, are all struck
down together; and we ore to go to England
fur iron, coal, glass, &c Yes, sir", in 1842
we imported more than four millions of bush
els of coaly under duty of 01 73 per ton.
This bill reduces it to one dollar. . Of course
you miist double, and .doubtless you will i tre
ble the quantity imported ; and for whatl To
increase the revenue. A few days ago ""Penn
sylvania passed 'a resolution unanimously m
structijigsus to go for protection " without re-
card to revenue. Tes sir. these are' the
0 '5 j f I. ' ' - 1
wordsJ protection ' without regarc to reve
nue;"!and here wo tare reversing the rule,
going for revenue without Tegard to protec
tion ; voting for 20,000 copies of a report in
favor of this anti-tarjlT, anti American,
and
British; bill
But his bill greatly, very gr
the duties on whiskey1, brandy,
greatly, reduces
cin, and wine.
Wo miist import whiskey and brandy for re
venue,! ana give
! I 1
thei rich their wine at one
half the present deity and they must of course
drink cjouble the quantity or we loose revenue.
What ay you temperance men to this? j You
must njl get drunk on foreign spirits to in.
crcase.'the revenue. Tax the poor by direct
state lajxation, and let the rich indulge in wine,
hrandy;, silks, and laces, at lower rales ! I No,
put thei duties hi"h on luxuries, and distribute
1 . ; j I I I I
the proceeds of the (and among the states to
relicvcjthe poor from jaxation. Sir, pass this
bill to' jightcn the burdens of the rich, while
you double the burdens, reduce the wages,
and destroy the labor of mechanics and the
poor, and go home and hear what they have
to sa)' on the subject!
The following abstract from table C, in the
pendix -to the report !of the committceL will
show the practical operation ot this billjUpon
the mephanical, agricultural, and manufactur
gncui
ing interests of the country
rCamcs'of the artlcjeg
Present Prpposed
t'.utiea. duties.
Per ct. Tcr. ct.
effct tton mrciiamcs."
Clothing, ready made tjyl tailors
MitSi, caps, binding,' an j) hosiery
Uml rellas, rarasols, and pun shades
50
30
30
55
43
30
20
25
25
3d
25
30
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
25
25
25.
25
15
25
30
20
Hat bodies
Hatsan'd bonn cts of vegetable substance 33
Children's boots and slipc
60
India rijbbersboes
Vhclisj ,
Unturrc d cordage !
Iron caldes or chains
30
30 183
80
82
43
43
30
37
23
'30..
SL
'30
Cut anil wrought spikes
Cut nails
Brass JiettlcHfharamcrpq)
Japanird, plated, and gilt ware.
Cutler f of all knida
Sole If lit her
fn'lf -ill r ",:
liricRsiand pavinc tiles
Metal! buttons
Hard spap
Chiua kvaro
1 1
EFFKCT ITOX FARMER?.
Wheat .
Boef jajrid pork "
Chces
Vinefir
35
120,
70
51
67
44
25
25
25
30
30
lb. off.
' 3 )
4:3
33
f$ 00
Pearl 4r hilled barley
Whalq or fish oil
Wool posting over 7; cts per lb.
3 c. pr
Iinscilci oil I .
Jn;.-;dt fmirt rrrnin IsllTirnnf
: 43
132
81.75
iiranJy, &.C., from (itljerrmatcrials
Coal, per ton
FFKECTS ITON MASCFACfrCItERS.
Wooljall manufacture
9 Of
40
87
42
45
46
30
30
30
30
30
Carpciings,, treble gfaiti
Brussels?
. Venitiarj
Otber inicrrlain
Coarse cottons. -Ybcinar a reduction of
I tlirpc-fourths)
Cottcai bagging .
Oil cloth furniture, j
I ' other kinds
Iron polts, and bars
I railroad J
120 'i
30
30
30
30
61
31
56
20
30
30
21
30
30
30
30
30
53
(c
51
77
77
72
56
45
63
3G
186
62
165
66
51
I nail and spike foils
jreasels ca6t
.wood screws
Steel, cast,' shear, and German
GLfjS, cut - i
i ! window, S by 10
r I ! 12by 16
Lead, pigs and bars ;
tluilpowder j
The 12th section of the bill provides that,
a ft or the first of 'September, 1845, all the du
ties above 25 per cent! u o be reduced to that
hoi?ontal standard, 25 per cent.
1.6 1842, we importea more man iuur n:u
ior?s of gallons of wine, and nearly two mil-
liorjs of gallons of distilled spirits. England
imposes 2,700 per cent.-duty on our whiskey,
and we, by way of reciprocity,- now; propose
to
duce our duties on' English and lash
whiskey (1,650,000 gallons of which,' with
other distilled spirits, I was imported in 1842)
to p. mere nominal duty! The duty of o
cerjt9on wheat would also be affected.- -Ihis
bilj brings all duties above 30 per cent, down
to SO per cent.a horizontal tariff, except on
a few" specific articles ; and ia one year more,
it brinjrs lhadaties down to 25 per cent., dis'
criminating for revenue below that standard.
Tliis was bringing it nearly down to Mr. Van
Daren's standard, established in his famous
Indiana letter. His maximum was' 25 per
ceiit. Yill the. debt was paid,-and then 2Q. per
cent., . discriminating' for revenue below that
amount, tut in no case above it for protection.
Thfs was Mr. Van BurcVs plan, as laid down
iri that letter, to which he referred gentlemen
who might bo disposed to doubt it : ";
."r. S. v
a Van V '
:t crcr whn t'.
r r.
-fr
CU3
ir.:: :-r
e; tr.nv;:! ...:n.:r;..:.
r
was. not thageiuKn.an frer.i OI'.j (Mr. Dun
can) called, to ordsr, v;.;;!, c:i - I'M tn f.x the
tirr.vj cf I.cliir.rr tlcclior.s, l.o L:J inU-cI-cJ
a ccon, a dead cocn, and had dissected it pro
fessionally, discussed it sc:cr.li:"caKy, ir.;-!j
and cut; ho hadir.!raiuccJ nil' the' Whig
banners and fiags of the campaign cf 1S40,
and displayed them "with great pomp, circum
stance, and ceremony, and all this, in the es.
ination of gentlemen and of the Chair, was
then perfectly in order. I .
' D13TCIBPTION ADVOCATEp. i
From recent intelligence, coming ia from
all quaners, it is how' manifest that wo , shall
have a surplus revenue at the end of they ear ,v
independent of the proceeds t of the public
lands. If then the 'tariff yields - revenue
enough, as I doubt not it will, why nor dis
tribute the land proceeds among the States, to
relieve their people from oppressive taxation 1
Pennsylvania, sir owes a debt of forty" mil
lioas of dollars, contracted in the prosecution
of a stupendous, but ill advised, system of in.
ternal improvement, equally important to
Ohio and the whble West; ajad hence, she
had claims for assistance on this Govern
ment;1 -VTr v;)-K
Mr. McKay said, if she had contr acted a
debt of forty millions let her pay it ! ; ' '
Slr if you withhold her share of public
lands, how is she lo pay it ?. Her debt is; now
increasing, by the addition of two millions
annually, on account of interest; She j could
pay it by doubling arid trebling the'prescnt
heavy taxation, nvhich now'crush her people
to the carthil Yes, double the taxes of Penn.
sylvania, and it vjould not pay the interest of
her debt, let alone the principal, j ...
As a Pennsylvanian, therefore I go for the
proceeds of the public lands to aid the people
of Pennsylvania
svlvania has a
to pay their debt. ijPenn
clear, legitimate, undoubt
ed right to one-tenth part of the land or
its proceeds. The population of Tennsylva
nia is one-tenth part of the population of the
Union : and if woiwere to distribute the land
itself to-morrow among tho States of this
Union, Permsylvinia would get more than
one hundred million acre9 of the public lands.
Would not that lie an ample fund in the end
to pay off the etebt of Pennsylvania j thrice
told ? Now I olaim, as a Kevrescntattce from
Pennsylvania, her share of the proceeds of
the public lands j and I hope no Rcprcsenta-
tive from Pennsylvania, who looks I at the
condition of his Iconstituents, crushed under
this weight of taxation, of jmceasing and in-
creasing taxation, would vote against it. He
thought that no gentleman from" Illinois, In-
diana"! Ohio. Louisiana. Alabama. Maryland,
Michigan, Mississippi, and other indebted
states,- some of them more, and others al-
most as much, indebted as Pennsylvania,- in
proportion to their population and means,
ought, and ho hoped none of the Represen
tativesot these, states wouia vote, to wnnnoiu
from their people their share of the land, and
by so doing,. rivet taxation on them and their
posterity forever. By the terms of the grants
or deeds of cession, these lands have been ce
... . .1 . . FT r ... . t J r "
ded ty the states to tne union. Aiiu iur
what ? To payi the Revolutionary war debt.
And when that tvas paid, the lands.werc to go
to the states, including the new btates, and
those which had made the cessions.;
jWhat does trjis Government want .with this
fund? It 1ms an abundance of revenue, and
if we relieve the people of tho states from tax
L .' i 'Li .t. .U-... nni;i!t
ation by giving them what they are entitled
to- the proceeds of the public lands do we
not relieve the people of these United States ?
Do we not relieve the people of this Govern,
ment from taxation, when we relieve the peo-
pie of the States from taxation ? (For the
people of the states and the people of tho Uni
ted States are the same people.)
I submit wheWr it is not right and fair tor
relieve the indebted states of this Union from
the heavy burden of taxation which is crush-
inTtho oonle, by nivin? them their .share of
i ! I
thoproceeds of the publicjUnds. Tho tariff,
so laras it operates as a tax upon me peopie,j
the lightest form, and least felt,- inasmuch as
the navmcnt iff entirely voluntary : 'but the
chief burden of taxation in this formis thrown
fr tKotio nf thi r.nnntrv uoon the for
, - . . 1 - . .. . V . '..
eigner, who islobligcd-to reduce tne proms
arid the orices of his coods, in order 'to
eet them into market, wherever there is. an
American price established by American la
- i '
Tiiit. ir: thire is another arjrument in favor
ofdistributioni-so lon2 as the proceeds of the
nublic lands co'mo into the Treasury of the
General Government, we never' can: have
firm.- settfedJ established" revenuo policy.
The fluctuations in the proceeds ot the . sales
ofthelandsin'paEt'yeafsvarying'as-they
have from less than two millions to upwards
fiwenty-four millions per annum,ii they are
suffered to Vemain in th.neral Treasury,
must raise !and reduce the tariff of
country correspondingly. . I would take .the
proceeds of the lands and give thern to the
Rtitei.iffor no oilier reason than'to' relieve
the Treasury from this unsettled policy,
" . ......... . .. - -r-. ,
r.r. 1
i' -
l . .
V. 3
!.:::rd
lrr
. Jjwn
B- i:i
tv.o cr
dov.-n t?
n two nr!!iur3 cf dol.
brs ; t!:r:i x.t.s r"." cry Lfilop wi;h
tari;r.M TLl:?, hv r.s tho proceeds cf the
lands, th:j cr.?er"in "nd fl jctuting source cf
rev.
(V r,: i r y , not li ! og c a n
be settled or fixed in tlic : tariff policy
t f the
Government. ' ' ' -
,1 hope, tliercfore, the representatives of th.a
indebted Elates will go with m and vote d )vn
this bill to Vcpeul tho distribution act, r.nd
una relieve their tax.riduVn peopjj jrji. vue
burden of direct taxation, and at tho same
time relieve the Treasury, from thU source cf
rcver:u3,which unsettles and derange? njt only
tho finances, but tho trad and business of the
country. Sir, this measure of distribution, is
equally important to"tha fton-indebtcd . States ;
they receive an equal proportion of the pro
ceeds of. iho- lands, which .could ba applied
to purposes of educatiou or of , improvement,
.' ... i .... . : . I.i. . r . t . 1 - t . .
or to vwiaievcr me wisuorn oi meir peopivj may
direct. ."'. :l f ::; -'
Tim measure of distribution is- a measure
of relief to tho states, and I now predict that
we "will have vo p-uties in. this country -the
" relief party" , going for- distribution, and
'.UiEis. anti-reliejflani tax party " going for di
rect taxation.-- There were only two ways of
paying the. sfite debls---distribution cr taxa
tion, unmitigated taxation, . now, henceforth
and forever. Which art you for, ia theques:
tion, and gentlemen must meet it. They
must either go for distribution and relief, or
for taxation and no relief. - They havo thefr
choice, they must make it and bo responsible
to the peoplej ; . .' - - ,
. The improvements made by the States,
and which had been the great cause of in
volving, then) in debt, aro. highly beneficial to
the United States, in connection with rlhe
transportation of the mails, thcDiomotion . of
commerce among theStales, and the defence
of the country in time of war ; and hence the
United States was bound to holp pay for them
by giving thdproceods of the public lands.
. General Jackson advocated the distribu.
tion of the surplus revenue among tho states,
on this ground. -Ile contends, in Ids mes-
sago ot -J,ao,' witlvgreat trutn, . tnat tne im
provemcnts jTnado by. the states.. coc?tiu?te
the surest mode of conferring permanent and
substantial benefits on tho whole, .Unon." 'Be-i
sides, he contends that the money distributed
by the General Government among the!
states, "would be more judiciously applied,
and economically expended,-under the direc-j
tion of thei state-legislature." Such wem
some of the arguments urged by General
Jackson in favor of his policy which Mr. Van
Buren not denounce as !ai-" preposterous
proposition,1' the mere agitation of which
J he says, is disgraceful to the character of the
American poopie, ana wmcn nis rrienas on
this floor are now voting dovn, without a
word of-explanation or debate. What wi!
the illustrious Chieftain of the Hermitage sav
to this?
I
THE WHIG AND VAN buren systems".
flul sirwc are told that M the, Whigs aro
a parly without principles.?1 ,'Sir, are not
their principles known and avowed1- every
where ? On this subject, the Whig system if
this: Remove from the National Treasury
that disturbing source of revenue,-the Public
Lands, and give them to the stales to which
they rightfully , belong, to pay,, their . debts,
j and relieve the people from taxation. I hen
regulate the Tariff, so as to supply revenue
j enough for ian economical administration o!f
the Federal Government, by imposing pro
teclive duties on such articles as we can and
ought to supply at home," and revenuo duties
on luxuries and articles not produced,-sufii-
cient to supply the wants of Government.
This is the Whig system. Now, sir,- what is
VanB;ar en system ? ; Justthe reverse.-
. r. . . r n e.m- ' 1 I t
reiuse au renei 10 me peonio auu iac
"tate by distribution or otherwise ; to reduce
, .v,.v.o fo -
sirucuuu ui.uur unu iwuurjr , ciuau
wealth and currency ot tne country to pay lor
them; ..doubler the expensesof Government, jto
enrich office-holders and favonles, and Icava
. I tk. rA.M.'nmn'nl nnnm no tl-ii loft it in Iflf A
uyuwuivu5ulu y. ...
after twelve years admmrstrationimpovcrish
ed, and overwhelmed with bankruptcies and
- aepis, -state ana national,-a mourning to more
i.i . i i 4 J f j
lars. ' How was it, sir, during the twelya pre
ceding years, tvhenAVhig policy prevailed
Look attheolucal.reports from tne 1 reasury
a and you will find,sir, that during that perjod
we paid off 141 millions of the war debt ex
pended 12 millions for internal improvements
and let t the country, wim a surplus Tcyecue
of more tbaa 12 millions a year, a sound cur
rency and; universal prosperity but iq 1823
there came a. change, I no - next twelve-
the years was a period ot disastrous experiments,
resulting, in the excessive increase ot, banks,-
tho rum oi me currency, tne inDrainato im.
.portal. on. of foreign go-ds, tho consoqaaflt
and destruction ot cgncjiiure, rnanutacUir
. I . - m . - ,. . 1,
I..J I. -
states ;
t'-.-.n v i
r.::'.!stor.j X). : .
c:Vi i:-r !:::: ; :
I'.'U'jL.osl:.-.
cuius -l;:t, ly r.n iv.fj; ,
defcatri. ThV p:r;. J ii,
. 3
: i:i
: :;;o
f m, rr j- t .
v,i. .i t:. p.
to tho .TeiCJj, ard r.c.!iievo ; thj oljcct
ey lt.ca Lad ;;i.r.v.
j But wo aro toU, ;!r, by Mr.'V E jrca
hW:lf, ihst t! rVr:-: rvcluti-t i f IT 10;
was the result of ii.fjLtu.;tio:i j folly, r.."J-j"
ocss, on l!io part cf tho"peopL. Sir, is this1) -tiuet
Is it iot a foul slander cn t! 3 Am:rl-j .
can character? Is it -not a grcs: ir. J.i tori,
the poeple, and will it toot la so regarded
$ir, that election was the" result cf c:p a J
deliberate conviction cf thouinoi: ci" ;ts cfi - .
Mr. Van lluren's policy effects jsrerri antlj"
fult, severely f.lt, throughout this hnd. Thai ,
pcop.o saw that nothing. but a change af
thorough change rould taVo tha!"1 'country.
train hopeless binkruptcy and .ruin. That,, '
conviction has sincd been-strengthened, anifi
conHrmcdj and tho bcmfiejal tffjeta cf tlio.
Whiglariff of "42 ,: new rapidly restoring thoj 1
national prosperity, furMsbci new and poweri i -ful
motives to stimulate end strengthen iba j
friends ol reforrrv ' Sir if you want evidenco ' j
look to tho unequivocal Indications of public 1 1
opinion throughout tho country, jls not thoI
handwriiing upon tho wall- in-character
so largo and legible that "ho who j runs mrS ;
read?' : In 1940 thepeopio, by tWnnprcf . j
cedented majirityl of 1-15,000, pjronouncedt . ., ;
judgment against Mr.' Van Buren. j Can'thiir- 1
be overcome withopt a change? "And whero j
are the changes in his favo? Where is tho" . I
mm who voted against hinj then ,Twho is for . .
him now? or if there ba ainy sucli changesy-;:
aro there uot two to one tlja other. way
But, sir, if there wer6f nothing else',- the pas-" :
sage of this bill, withholding from he peoplo i 1
in their time of need, their ihare ojf tho, Pubv
lie Larid, and ihexttempt jo repeal tho Tart
iff of M2, and again inundate tho country "
with foreign goodsbrea downj our owhf
farmers' mechanics, and r6anufucjturers,by
the passage of this destructive,- ami-Amcri-'
can, anli. tariff bill, would bf itself bo abut)-
dantly sufficient to condemn 'ami party; bovf
ever popular, with a vast mjijority pf tho.freij
enlightened, and patriotic pcopto of this couqx;.
try. ' ' f I
" Tbe people will not-permit any rnan,- or
pariy of men, long to trsjtmplo iupon theif
:..i.ir j : ... . : t i ' '
sir, thej" have borne, much for tho sakd of'.
party ; they havo excused bad actions by tpo
ascription of good motive. Bull there is ot
point where ," forbearance ceases to bo a vtr .
luo;" thai point has been reached and tran
scended. .The people have decided uponj.it
change and they will have t.' "They expresls.'"
ed this determination in 1S40 tioy' will re
peat it in 1844, with increased cmphasis.i--
fhc decree has gone forth, and, is irrevoca
ble. Il is seen on every hill it is heard on
every breeze and felt in jcvery jhrob of dio"
popular pulse. " - Tho- hand is upraised arul
he blow will follow as certain as tho strokeT
of fate ; as well migh you atferripr to 'avert
the winged lightning or stop tho ihunderbbft
of Jove.- Tho popular. will is formed; it! Is
the true and just sovereignty in thisiland h
must be respected and .pbeyedi - And pol
iticians can no moro ctaylit in its courseor
divert it from its purpose, than tne tempest--
tosl mariOcr can control the winds and thd
waves that overwhelm blrrj. - " 'jJ
- Not iso Fast.A Loco Forio-rsr rj Ui
speaking of its "candidate jfor thojPresidencyy
says that he has heretofore,- been elected
and re-elected Governor of Tenrwssee.vr.This?
, i"wo believe, an crroi
WrJ Pouc wast
elected in 1839, and wa3
it candidate forire.
election in 1841, when o'nb of (hs merest iac'- .'
cident'"! in the world prerentecl his succcsV.--
It appeared, on counting the. vots that 'ftho
other "irnn's- pile' was a Icetle 'he largest1'
and. what, is very extraordinary , the simo!ac.
cident happened v.in 184. : :We have never
understood that his lailurtf, at Cither elecljon
was oVing to any want pf exertion' otaj hia
part j or the part of -,hi .friet5dV,'iut sirrtply for
the want of votes. -We ah know, som3 Tery
fine situations have been 'lost in ,tL s way.
. Loot: Out, Wmcs.rA:-political rr.;:'-)iona.
ry leftJiere on Situ'rday jlast for il. i West,
with a wagon loaded witlidocuniwr.o! ZJ"ev.
er, .before, werbr subK. desperate 'Cxeriioriaf -
made to bood.wink, and deceive the people, as
arc now making irvKortH Carolina j but if thb. -Whigs
wilt only do their Iuty like men , tiod
Focoism will -be totallyj annihilated c: thitf
first .day ; of' AugU3t.( "That' causo 'must ttf .
rotten, wluch requires such' clandestirU
forts to sustain , It. . Again,-we 'cay LOOE
OUT, WHIGS irRaleih Register I ,
, Tho Vicksbarg Whig estima: zz il y c :rtafrt '
ioss.of the crops of cottoa bet we ?3 'Vlc.kburg
and tho - Arkansas By the I-its C.zz'l, 1 1 forty
thousand tales,- arid that, should it risosix"
inches '"more; aswas expected, narcmaipf
three weeks - longer, very f;vX crops' c a jfo
river-will be sav?di . ; t : ; . .- "
and
t1 i I ir.v-rj;:i, they say, that sis