. - ' - - ' V- :;' I
S PUBLISHED WEEKLY tBY
X II O S3 . t lv . A T
l EDITBS AB FKOrSIETOS.
TERMS?
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Kaarderior iim paper will receive attention
rai accompanied ky the Momrr. "
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U arr sonar of ten lines or lew, the first in.
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and mast be marked sa the narjrin, or the ad.
Ttimewenl will or continued" liU forbid, and
-aarfed accordingly. Court Order will bo
&trgct sis dollars, invariably.'
Tat cbarte for announcing the name of a can
JI for t5 ia 83 inranablv io advance.
Lrttrf to the Editor must come free of pMU
c, or itoey wui receive no aiMnttoa, - - -
- lateinprraure.
P-rat! bo 'th peklea feelinj,
. Oct thy cradled lmrea bent,
Eirjy year awar cUima revealing.
Yet lb y w'ili f oaspeaU ' '
IIt ibaa teen that bloWit blighted
Br admr untimelir froctT ;
A!l thj labor anredjuited? -"-'' i
Erety gforioas prooiiae lastf ..
Wife with ajonj wuaoVen,
-SickKjfraoi aIictions rod,1.
I thy prvp thy idol bruken
F-m&j trurted next to Godf '
llitundl o'er thy aupe a mourner,
- tK thyrhoven fiend ashamed,
Ht I.Vm to her burial borna her, 7 .
I'onprritcJ uoreclaimedt
Ct d'. m thy tender weaknes taming
1 u tby b'-rcn appointed guide,
IVjih a Ura-porum burning,
T-n; wi'h fill aS.etku' tide?
t.tt o&se burden buariog.
Itjrkvr tiian Ibe grave can throw
Ijt ili a bow ttice down despairing
, To a hi-ntafc of woe?
Couiirr! on thy tona depending.
S'rong in aiirud, bright in btoom.
Hi t thou tn tby pride descending,
Sinaded to tine unclouded tomb? -Rm!
on r;!e pinions aourinr
Kei fcke oix uf God like birth
And, Jcb-JVi V aid imploring,
Sweep l!to tpuLei from the cart!).
Tbc Welcome Back.
Ss t i ibc b-ioT tht brings a hoino'
W &k H uS ofKj to ateet w
t'Mt 4t ar i!m; a we come,
T a- tt av-4 io gr .
tn i j -.- i bit i pet it frowns and wralh,
1 J . Mk ttf Mild
- - - , m,w
,t,i4 ( -wj a t'f'id kwcsaing. ,
jttiwly eVar at tt kraeward track.
? - awl nn of wsicuaoe bacJu
vTs J, arory way,
Ti-f a kreugahrd. ;
!.' ww to W bpa to elude oar stay,
$k4 rtfcl Bihl aJaaiH.lif !ttJ?
s wartia of taw ekas jnXt ray
. T gaae tit S f it pvTKSUre,
Wr r mw4 tSdi wrtco-uc tack betray
VTt i fun fcert chirtfran!
! ; - J:yakr taawc.jk'JMWward track,
I: nc are but sure of a welcome' back!
Lire II CALIFORNIA.
f.Ts'f Celebrated ride in Cali
fornia. .
ncr hns tlio I l-
of the nJc it C 4. 1'rt nvrnt,
'!: wisai ditybrrruk "nn tht 221 Marc!,
117. :;.jt L eu:. (Jul. Frvmonf, his trien i
DaJus(jirt!ioUiVCi-J IliisiiO") T.co, nn J
h; s-iapi Jicob 0jJs n,sat out fro.n L
Uu iijUiis Ani-lca (th; ciiy of the an.
g) in s urhern part of Upper Califurpia,
i-j piJLteJ ia llw shjrtest ttrrte to Monte.,
ftj.on !hs Pacific ocean, distant full lour
l .Jf inTi-TWNy4!r4vt;r a muata
iuacuuii;ry,muoh of it untiihnbiied, with
BJo::i f r ji i t vt.i a trace, and mny defiles
tnp, i.'irucularly the iinriiime defno of
E. Rn?-m, or Ponui G rui, fiiiet n tf.ile
lit t-tua", nnw by t'tii jouinj
Ci,);'.rji moumaio into the sa
of o pr
and which
canopy be pasieJ when the tide is out
asJ the ra calm, an J even then in nwiiy
p'ice t!trnugh tho v avc;- The, town of
S.o'i B.rbira and S j d" Luis Ohispu, and
tail rir.clws, are tha piincipul in
eb;;.d"!ceaoii route. Each of the
ti;r t;fns itiidcr- the'' saddle." Thesk
!ie lurses ran ahead, without- bridle or
kilter, an I required unrau attention to
keep u the trUcS. Wbsn wsnled lor n
cbarj'e, say at distances of twenty mites,
they were cfuglit by fhc lasso, thrown
either by Din Jau or "the servant Ja.ob.
uaa .1 tha horses were shod. ' 'T'ie usual
pit wis a sweeping gallop. The first
diy they ran ope hunlred and tareaiy-Sve
w.'xt. The : next d iy they mafle.anothcr
one h3adredaa'diwuuy.five milesnsiiflgJ.
the formiltbb maintain of bant a Uirbara,
aa ttiu:d:ng upon it the skeletons of sme
. ,6 ly h iriiipirt of near double jhnt nmr-1
v-t n.cn peruiied in the crossing oi inai
tertlV- m yj:i?nin by tho California bat
Uliinoa Cnrislmis dy-, 1341, "amidst a
.ngin tcmp-.M, an J a demge of r3in and
ftd, mire ki lieg ihlSKat of tho Sierra
Xevadt ;he d iy of severest suffering,
mj Ff.mv.n ar,J his mca.lhat they have
ever pi.J.
A:i3i-i :Kipirly"topped to sup with
"rfrfr"6 ?rX"TjuTn ""Dinii , Tn3 pMiTn"eiU
H$1 L i s Obispj -was reached, the
own? .f Ua .J. and where an affct-
Kt nwmi.in su.imit I.tpot. (7olrnel Fre-
ia n:i n.ienr-e of an incident which
. ft'rvJ the, that history will one day
ti'!; and he was attained till eleven
in the morning receiving the visits
fth? inhabitants, , (mothers and children
Kieivkd.i taking a breakfast ol honor,
sdsviing for a relief of fresh horses to
WbHiJ!, ia from the surrounding count -Ih
re the nine horses from Los A o-
-ff' aeje left, and eight others taken, in
ftr phceV and a Spanish boy added to
prtv to assist in manigipflf the loose
.ksfs. Proceeding at the- usual gait tiil
rgat tight, -aady having made , aomo
Knts y raiki, Djij Jesus, who bad spent
Ii 1 1
the night b-loieriih his lauul), nud rAtt Odd waj ! make a TccleXal-
DsDiy wnh but little sleep, becJime fatigued,
na proposed a halt for a few hours. It
was iothe valley of the Silinas. (Silt
River, cnWH Duena Ventura io the old
mps,) and the htunt of marauding Io-
oians. f or sale y during iht;ir repose. Iu
party turned off iho trace,' issued.- through
Canada into a thick woid, and laid
down, the horses being put to grass at a
short distance; with jho Spanish by in tfte
saddle to watch. Sleep, when comminc
ed, was too sweet to bo easily given up,
and it was half-way between midnight and
day, when -the sleepers were aroused by
aaeslampedo amunglhe horses, and the
calls of the boy. "
lhe cause of the olarn was soon found
hot Indian, but white bears this valley
Lbeing iheir great resort, and the place
where Col. i. and thirtv-nve of his men
encounters J sonm hundred of them the
summer before, killing thirteen upon the
ground. The character of these bears is
well known, and the bravest hunters do not
like to meet theni without the advantage
of numbers. On discovering the enfmy.
Col. P. Jell for his pistols, but Don Jeus
desired him to lie still, saying that people
could scu re bears; and immediately hal. j
lioed at them in Simnish. and they went
off. Sleep ...wont off nlso; and the recovery
of tho horses frightened b the bears.
building a rousing fire, making a breakfast ;
fr m the huopitnble supplies of San Luis
Obip.j, occupied the party till diy-break;
when the j lurni y was resumed. Eighty
miles and the afternoon brought the pirty
to Monterey. The next (fry, i'n the after
noon, the party set out on their return.
and iho two horses rode by Col F. from
o-in Luis Obispo, being a present to
Don Jeui, he (l).ih Jesius) desired to make
n exiierinient t wht one of-theih could
do. Tiiey were brothers, one a gras
loui'gnr than llio other, both of the same
color, (cinnamon,) and -lienco culled .el
canalo or lot canalos, (the cinnamon,
llw- einnHflfun ) -"-r Tho '' ilde.r wiis th ii
tnken for tho trial; the journey commenced
upon him ut leaving Monterey, the after
noon well advanced.
Thirty miles under the saddle done that
evening, and the party stopped for the
niglti. In the morning the cider canalo
was again under the saddle for Col. P.,
and for ninety miles ho carried liim without
a change and without apparent latigue.
It was still thirty miles t SUn Luis Obispo,
where ilia night w-ns to he jpasscd, and
Don Jusuii insisted rMcanali could easily
do it, and so snid the horso by his looks
and actions, But Col. F. would not put
him to the triil, and, shifting the saddle to
the younger brother, lhe elder was turned
lo-se w ruahd jremafping thirty miles
without a rider, fie did so, immediately
taking-the lead and keepinj jTall tho way,
and entering San Luis in a sweeping gal
lop, nostrils distended, snuffing the air,
and neighing witlv exultation at his return
p O
to Ins native pastures, his younger brother
ail the while rurmi'.g at the head of the
horses under the saddle bearing in his bit
and held in by his rider.
Tim whole1 ei lit horses made their one
hnmlred and twenty miles each that day,
(after thirty tho evenitig before) the older,
cinnamon making ninety miles ol his uiider
the saddk, that day, besides thirty under
the saddle "the evening bufore; nr was
there the least doubt that he would have
done the whole 'distance' jfn the same time-,
if he had continued under the saddle.
After a hospitable detention of another
half day nt Sin Luis Obispo, the party set
nut for Los Angeles on the same nine
horses which ilu-v had
place, and made the ride back in about
the same time they had made it up; namely,
at the rate of 125 miles a day. " On this
ride the. grass on the road was the food
lor lhe horses. At Monterey they had
barley: but' these horses, meaning those
trained one domesticated, as the cannlos
were,-eat almost anything Jn tho way of
vegetable food, or evt-n drink, that their
maa'er uses, by whom they are petted and
caressed nd rarelv sold. lifeaH
sti 'ar, coffee, ond even wine (like the
Persian' horse) they take from the hand of
their master, and obey with likflfBocility,
his slightest intimation. A tap of -the
whin on the saddle springs them into ac
Hon; tne cneca oi iurei- icm vu" i
i i . i i r.. tUa
Spanish bit) would stop thorn; and stopped
short, at speed, they dd not josi4e the rider
or throw Jam forward. ,.TI)vy !eap;on any
thftig rnani best, or weapon, on which
their master direct them. - But this descrip.
sofa
wm.i-uu-uvu
concerned, of course, only applies to tne
trained artd domesticated horse.
. AwrtJU ISCNDATIO AT ClSCIXNATI
A telegraphic dwpatch to the Pniladelphis
Ledger, dated Cincinnati, Dec. 15, says:
The w.ielrs of the Oiiio have now swell
eto the highest poiot attained during
ihe greaT Bbod 1 83T; a nff the lower na. I,
of the city is entirely inundated. At least
five thousand famiTies have been rendered
ho-jseless by this disastrous 8 'od, and great
distress must ensue inconsequence.
nublic meeting of the citizens has
been called to provnie the means of Me-
via.ingi their destitute cona.i.on.
stores south of Pearl street are .Hooded,
It is useless
nno injnu",. .
... ...1-..1.1. iho d amige. or to ende
give ad idea of the distress exjstin
nness has been alrpost entirely sus
pended. Half the luirtSer 10 the c.tyw
ifloatisnd boats have been carried off the
stocks in the sWp yr- . '-' - ,
The snow is eighteen inches deep md
rriore i now falling '
Derate J to Politics, Litentare in J' O'cireral Intelligence
ASIIKVILI7E, -X. .,
lcr.
. We remember on individual that resided
in this city i not msny years ago, who
owned a ctmtiderable amount of property,
but who was so much addicted to the use
of strong drink, that his friends arranged
matters in such a way as to prevent its be.
ing squandered, by removing it from his
reach, and after taking care .'that ha was
well provided with tho necessaries of life
allowed him a certam sum of money. As
he grew jjlder. Ids Appeiilje-tcia' auunger,
and hu duly allowance wa not sufficient
to gratify his increasing ihirtff lie would
go to T7is friends and plead for an hour or
more at a time, . for a little more of the
ready, but they wee inexorable. At length
they told him to go to a certain physician
(who was intimatrly acqutin;ed whh the
tsmily) and probibU he would loan him
What he so rf.Och Oeaired. The poor fel
low went to the doctor, and asked him the
favor. ,
"I II tell you what I will do," said the
medical .man, "I will buy your carcass at
a fair price, come,' what wilt you takeTor
it?" - .
. ' Five doVart," coolly replied the toper.
"Let me let I 'your pulse," said the phy
sician, grantrg the poor lellow Dy tne
wiit arid looking him stea l.lv in the eyes.
Ah! that wtlj dj here s the money,
Con'.ioiied he, handing the sol a five doliar
bank note. "And now, go to the rum
shop immediately drink as much as you
want, and at the expiration of a
your body will be at my disposal."
"Vou don't mean to say that 1 am going
to die so soon?" exclaimed the frightened
victim (if' alcohol.
"I do mean Io say thai if you continue
to drink as you have done for the last sit
months, in one wctk j-ou will b a dead
man and of course, as I hive purchased
vuur body in a fuir, "badness Lke way, I
sliiill be at liberty to operate upon it."(
The cool, serious manner ol tiie doctor j
pi.zzled our hero, and he already "began
to hear the death rattles in fcis throat!
"Hrc!" roared he, "tke bick the mo
ney , I hive no notion of being made mince
meat of ill so short a 11011!''
"But," a id the knight of the lance, "if
is a regulir buincs transici in."
"I doo'l cart! here's yi-or money!"
and ay he dasla d out i f the offu-e, to
the uo little auiusiiiot (f his tornuoter,
whosio-nl lor several minutes cotvuls
with laughter.
The toper that wis, never drank I q r
afier that day, and io a very Urie while
became a aobi-r mau. ,. .
-PEACE WITU MEXICO.
BT A LEEK T GALLATIN.
I. Tbc Law of Nations.
It seems certain that Mexico miist u'ti
mutely submit to such terms of reacc as
the United States shall diCiate. An bete
riigeneous piipula'.iun ol seven million,
with very limited resources,
ailu UO Creust; .
. ;
dustrac.edby iiiiernal dissenstons, and by t
tho ambition of its chief, a prey by turns
in nnar'chv and to military usui'pcr: oeeo- i
1 -t . : I
living among the nations
01 me civiozeu j
I . a . 1
wotld, either physically or
meii'.allv '
whether in no h'.ica! e ducation. s:ci4l s'.a:e
! . .
or anytlr respect, but an ii.h iior p,i- i f dgel law of nations,
lion; cinnot contend sueces-fuilr with 8n j . ttWw iw;i drcomei involved 111
ener-'elic, intelligent, enlighteued and unu j jre nv.mfest.is, and every other pub
ted naiion of taentv roillioiis, possesd ol i nc act issued for the purple of justifying
unlimited resource and credit, and w j .v-1
itw ail the Lent fi;s of a n-gi.br, tr...Tfc', t
Yrom .haiUnd free government. All this was a..u- j
roto trom tnati . , -
r1 .
cipaied; but tlie extraorainary successes h
the Americans have exceeded the mes' san-
oume expeeuiions. JilL the .. advance J
nosts 01 the enemv.- New Mexico. tM-for-
ma. inenneoi me user uio .vrr,
- - v r
Ijwcr uto orir. aj
all the sea port, which it was deemed ne
cessary lo occupy, havejiien subdotd.
And a small force, apparently inconpv
icnt to the 'object, has prnetroted near
three hundred miles into the interior, add
is now 111 quiet possession 01 ine rir mn.-c
metropolis of the Mexican domin ons.
The superior kkill and talents our dis
tinguished Gcuerals. and tiie uuparailellrd
bravery of our troops, have suiiuountrd all
ObsTaclcs. Rj whomsoever commarwrd
on either side; however strong; the pesi
tkms and fortifications of the .Mexicans,
and with a.trementJU3 numetrical swpesi.
brity, there has not been a single engage,
menf in which they have not bewi-com-nletely
defeated. The most remarkable
T.1.. r J..lua,. K..';V ii rl.i-Mi'inei1 in -
aiaTvofunieefs7hoU, uadisctf.lined in cv-
ry sense of the woid. Lavd vied in
voierlness and bravery with the regular
forces, and have proved themselves, in ev
ery infctaoce. superior in the opea field so
the b-jt regular lercesot Mexico. , Anee
forces are t now annihilated or dispersed;
and the Mexicans are reduced tof a pct'y
wjirfa rej otguexri'lASJ .tulv4M-c-,ez-0-
noy:ng, cannoi oe prouuti "j -...-
. 1 .On. .. a as n'ta
his truo that these splendid successes
have beta purchased at ,a price f.r excte-
ling their valde. It is true that.
neither
ihe (1orr rX these military deeds, nor the
it.
ultimate utility of cur couqnests can
rooipeosfite the lamentable -We of ilie. rm -oy
thousand va!uhb!e lives sicnficed in
ih fil.t fihe s-Jll creater iftrmber who
have met with an obscure doath, or
been disabled by disease and fatigue. It
is true that their relitivrs, t'.Krir parents,
their wives and children find no consolation
foMhe misery inflicted upon them, in the
siiM greater losses jexperienced by the
Mexicans. . But if, dwrcgnrding private
calamities anJ all the evils oifc getx-ral na:
lure, the necessary consciences of this
JA3UAKV, C ISIS.
war,le revert solely to iheeluiive post
tioa jo'', the two countries, the Impo
tence; of the M sxicaos and their total iua.
bifitytp contfpue the war, with any ap.
peararj-e if success, are still manifest,' ; ,
Thi rjyestioo then Wcurs:,JiVhst afe
the tersuf which the United States have a
right l iiaoose on Mexkof All g'0
that It inust be aoMhonoiabIe peace;" but
the tno meaning oi this word must in the
first p cc bo ascertained. J , t
The notion, that anything can be truly
honorMe hich Is cmtrarf to.josticcJ
aill. t an abstract proposition, b J repu.'
diau-d by every cilizeo of th& . United S
WiU any one dare to thai a peace
can fee Jtonorable, which d)es not conlorm
Withjjsticcl . - ir
' Tbeie is no difficulty io discovering the
DriBei..''-s br which iho relation." teiwreo.
eaiU;Jifalia tjaliiina about KVdT'H
rcgnfated, aodihe reciprocal duties which
they owe to each other. . I heso principles,
these duties, have long since been pro
claimed; and the true law ot , nations sJ
nothing else than the conformity to the
suolime precepts of the Qospcl morality,
precepts equally applicable lo the relations
between man and- man, and to iho inter
course between nation and nation. "Thou
shall love thy neighbor as thyself." "Love
vcarlfnemie." "As you would that men
should do t.i rou, do you also to them
likewise." The sanctity of these com.
man is is acknowledged, without u. single
excep'ion, bv every denomination of Chris-
wevkjthn, or of men professing to be such.
1 lie skep'ical philosopher acinus and ad
mires the precept. To this holy.iulewe
should inflexibly adhere when dictating the1
erm of peace. The United State:?, tho1
tiiey have the p iwer, luvo no" right to im
pose terms inconsistent with justice. It
ould be shameful dereliction of principle,
on the part of those who were averse to
the anneiation of Texas, to countenance
any nuerrpt to claim an flcqtiisitiou of i?r
riroTryii'r other advantage, on account of
the success of our arms.
But in judging of the ac'.s of our govern
ment, it imnt br admitted that statesmen
think ncu:ifrmify to thesn '"usnges which
ronsfhiite ilie 1 iw of nations, not as it
h uIJ be, bit as it is practicoKy, suffi
cient to justify their conduct. And by that
inferior standard, those acts and our duties
in
relation lo Mexico will be tested.
II-InIrmnif ie to Citizens of lhe
Culled States.
The United S.otes had, and continue
to have, an indubitable right to demand a
full inl-iuniiy for any wrur.gs inflictetton
our citizens by the Government of Mexi
co, 10 iinlaiioo 01 ireaiies or 'i i.ie ac
koowkdged law of nalioqs. The negotia
tion fo'safafying ihoae jwst detnaniJe fed
1 en interrupted by tlie annexation of Tex -a.
When anaUcmpt was subsequently
nude to renew them, it was therefore just I
and pr per that both subjects should be
tlssciMvd at '.he same time: and it is now
absolutely necessary, that those just claims
1. . j t. . r..n.. .... .u ;.i...i r.. in t ... i
soouiu uv luns uiunuiu iui 111 i j "s'iij
ill 1.1.
l ,ee that m ay oe conciu.iea, anu mat
payment should be secured against any
tKisaibie cntingency. I take it for graTTt-
..si rk .1 n.. f:.iw Krivo Kipn .Sitll hn
r -
sjs'.aun d hvour ti ivernmenr, out sucti as
are ! .Uu'.vd on treaties or Hie aCKIlowl
its cdoct, a!w, embr,,ce every ground
of compla.01 which can po-w.bly be alleged.
law - I - A- .1 .. .1... S .1
l.ut u,.,.tr.i.g, ua, wc rrlu, ,w .a...
n i .r 1... ;,i..,n,o! nfniir rmirm
" -' ... ....... v -
jnnght l.nv Utn a just cause of war, it is
rn., ceriaio that tliose claims were . not
' cause of. fiut 111 which we are now in-
v.-lved.
It mayb' proper, in the first place, to
obeivr, that lhe refusal ojjdoing justice
m -caacs ot iliiakindT or fht'long delays
in providing for the in, have not generally
produm d actual war. Almost always long
protla'-tcd iegr:iatior.s have been alone
retorted U. This Ins been strikingly the
rase with the United States. - The claims
.f. Great Britain" for British, debts,
seeured Ay tho treaty of 1783, were not
settled and fjaid till the year 1803; and jt
was only subsequent to that year, that the
cteims ol. the L nited btatcs, lor oeprcoa
lions committed in 1793, were - satisfied
Tie very plain qur stum of slaves, carried
away byrne British 'forces in 1815,, in o-
tn violation oil the treaty ol ISJIJ. was
not settled and (4m indemnity paid tiTT the
tear 182G,. iTMSfiJajgut "gainst rrauce
de-TToTTlpredntioncnftwySd to the yeor
1906'lo .1813, wi re not1 settled and paid
fr iktiluJitor 1834. Jn all those cases
- ' 1 : .: 4
poace was prescrveu y puueutc oou wi
bra ranee. ' ' m
With respect to' the Mexican inJcmni
tit's-, the subject has been laid mora- thao
MHMMjrtore Congress, not without suggcv
lions that slmng measures should be re-
yorlcJ to. iiut tongresa, ia wnoro aioc
; is vcs:ed the-power of declaring war,nw
lormly fleciineu comg v.
, i-nnv-niioa was entered into on th
1 1th of ADrit. 1833. " between the United
Siatrs and Mexico, ly t virtue of which
ioint commission was appointed lor the ex
. . . -1 -1 ?..
nminatiooond settlement 01 inose cinims.
The rower of tho Commissioners termin
ated according to the convention, in Ftb
ruary, 1842.' The total amount of tlie A-merk-an
claims, presented o the commis
sioo.Kmoun'.cd to C 8,23 J ,605. Ol ihese,
82,025,140 was allowed by lhe com.
miswmers; a forther som of $923,229 was
allowed by the commissioners of tlie Unl.
ted Stales, rejected by tho-Meaican.com-roissioncrs,
aoJTeft ondeciied by thij.pm-
VOLUME V1IL
pire, and claims amounting Io $3,433 ,837
had not been exaniinedt ... ., , v ;,
., A new convention, dated January "30,
1843, granted to the Mexicans . farther
delay' 'or the payment of the claims which
had been sdmmed,by virtuo of which the
interest due to the claimants : was made
pay able on the 30h; of April, 1843, and
llhe principal ol the nwards, and ih
o inter.
est accruing thereoo was stipulated to bo
paid in five ye.irs in twenty equal instal.
nienls'Mrerythrce months. The clnitn-
am -receiirtd-the interest duo om he 3ihh
April, 1813, nnd tlie first three instalments.
The ogrnfof the; United States hoing"
under peculiar circumstances, given a re.
ceiilJpr the instalments due in April and
July , 1 841, before ihey hud been actunlly
paid, by Mexico, the payment has' been
jihwd by , the United S. and disclwf.rvd
ikftrjoimM".",.
A thud Convention was concluded
t.t
Mexico on the 20ih November, 1643, by
the Plenipotentiaries of the two Govern
ments, by which provision was mxdo for
ascertaining nnd paying the claims on
which no final decision had bcuo made.
In January, 1844, this convention was
ratified by the Senate of the United States,
with two amendments, which were refer
red to the Government of Mexico, butes
pecting which no answer has ever been
made. Oo the 12th of April, " 1844, a
treaty was concluded by the President with
Tcxasrforihe annexation of that republic
to the United States. This treaty, though
not ratified by tho Senate, placed the two
countries in a new position, and arrested
for u while all negotiations. It was only
on tho 1st of March, ,1845, that Congress
passed a joint resolution" , for the annexa
lion. "
It appears most clearly that the United
States are justly entitled to a full indemni
ty for the injuries dona to their citizens;
lhat before the annexation rof "Texas, ifiiTre
was everv prospect ol .. securing that in
emmtv; Hnd thai those inj irie, even it
they had been a just cause for war, were in
no shape whatever tho cause of that in
which we nro now involved.
Are the United States justly entitled to
indemnity fur "any other cause? This
question cannot be otherwise solved, th-in
liy an ir.qutry into the hicis, and ascertain-
inj by whom, and how, the war was fro
voked.
. lil....AuUcxatioii of Texas.
At the timo when the annexation of
Texas took place, Texus hud been recog
nized as ac independent power, buih by
tho United States- and by several of the
principal European powers; but its inde
pendence hua out been recognized by Mex
ico, and the two contending parties, con.'
nuicd t( b at, war. Under those circum-
NtuncusYthere is not the slightest doubt that
the annexation of Texas was tantamount
to a declaration of war against .Mexico.
Nothing can be more clear orrd undenia-
ble than that, wheiiever two natiuns' urn
ut war, if a third Power shall enter into 11
treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive,
with either ol the belltgerentsvand it sueh
treaty is not,:uuiuigt--and iso lake el
lecl immediately 'and pending ih wnr,
such Watt is a declaration of war ogatnsi
-1 .1. !!... '. .. - ,.f "V
IHO oilier parti. 1 lie t-uusi b ui ine wnr
between the two belligerents do not alter
th fact. Supposing that thu third party ,
lte-Hef ferwg Powerj sImioIiI hsve-coneitf.
ded lhe tcemy of ulliince w.ih that lielli.
geron) a ho was clearly engaged in a most
iiist war; .the treaty would not be the., less
a declaration of war ag aiust tho oilier bel
ligerent.'
It Great l.nt.un and 1-rar.ee wcro at
war, and the United States wero to enter
into Well a treaty with " eiiheNcan, there
be the slightesj doubt that thi would be
actual war against lhe oilier partv? that it
would be considered ns such, and that it
must have been intended for that purpose?
fat this moment, either-FrAiice or Eng
land wi re to make such .11 -iVtaiy with Mex
ico, thereby binding Aliemselves to defend
and protect U ith nil their forces ogamsl.
any other Power whatever, would not the
United States instntilaneously piew such n
treaty as a declaration of wur, and act
urcordinglyt '
Bur the anm xatiori of icxas - by the U.
Slates, aas even more than-a treaty of of
fensive-and defensive alliance. It em
braced oll-the conditions nnd all, the duties
growing out of the alliance; uh J it imposed
them Forever, rromjho moment tan
Texas had been on ieled, the United- S
beepmo bound to defend nnd ' pnXcct her,
so fur as her leEUtmatc boundaries exten
Ai.rt . Bimmul nn niT.i.sii.r. . or Ottaek. on tin' t
-::-. . . .. : -. . '. s
part ol Mexico: and they hve unnnrmty
iictcd accordingly.
There is no impartial pubhciit that win
not acknowlediJC the indubitoblo truth of
7 I VOLUM1
ihf-se poeiiions it Pf.ears ojrifliiipiisjdA.xxLtt'i
rhantieyiioina be serious! v denied by 0 djartd to Mr. Black, that h;s appesf.
sincle person
It appears that Mexico was at that time
disposed to acknowledge the independence
of Texas, but on tho express, .condition,
that it should not be annexed to the United
States; arid it has bceti suggested, that this
was don under the influence of some Eu
rnpean Powers. -Whether this Insi asser
lion be true or not, is not known to me.
But the condition was timarkable dnd of
fensive. -
Under an epprthension that Texas might
be tempted to accept lh trrms'iLpnipoaed,
the Government of the United," States rnay
huve deemed it- t xprdienltodehot the
plan, by offering that annexation, which
had been formerly declined, when jhe
nneernroeni of Texss was anxious it.
It may be admitted thi), whether inde.
pebdent or annexed tojho United Sutei,
NO 19.. WHOLE NUMBER 381.
tvTVrtni $2 pit ' annum t
PAYABLE'. IN ADVANCE.
TeXuS inUat be a el iveholding State, so
J.mg as slavery shall continue to exist Io
North Am rica. U-i whole population. '
with hardly any exception, consisted of
citizens of the United States. Both ' for
tlut reason, and on account of ils ed. 4
iWphical positioni'.il wos much rriore .na"
(tlrof lHat Te xas should be a' member of -
he United States, than of lhe Mexican con.
federation. -Viewed purely as a question .
(expcdiencyf the annexation might ,bT , .
Considered as beneficial to both parties. V "
Cut the expediency isTrot justicer Mexico j '-t
iodyxas had a 1 perfect right lo '.adjust a.
iVir tiJTerenees and make peace, on any
trm$ they 'might' deemrope . THe ikat Lj
nj ? prevciMiiiis resuo lUfllCnieo pre a
ious di-poshiotr tltrm!trelyTo occupy Tex '
s; otid when the annexation wus accom-'
ihed; when it was seen, that tho United -
r"Y2HM naa appropriated ItK themselves all
the advantages resulting from'he" ArriiJ'
ican seitttinents in Texas, and Yrom their 5
subsequent insurrection; tha purity'oTrtio
motives ol our Government becorrta opetl
10 suspicion. .
Setting aside the justice of the proceed
ing, it is true that it had been anticipated
by thoso who took an active part in the
annexation, thot thr weakness of Mexico
would compel it Jo yield, or at least Induce
her not to resort to actual wry. This was:
verified by the fact: und had Government
icmnincd in the hands with whom the plan
1 1 1. 1 ii .. '.r
origmateoi war migni prouaniy nave Deetl
avoided. But when no longer In power
they could 'neither regulate the impulse
they had given, nor control the reckless
spirits they hud evoked.
Mexico, sensible of her weakness, "de
clined war, and only resorted lo a suspen
sion of diplomatic intercourse; but a pro.
found seneof ihc injury inflicted by the
United States has ever since rankled in
their minds. - li will bo found,- through alt"
their diplomatic correspondence, ihroU"h
nil their manifestos, ha.- lhe Mexicans;
ven 10 this day, perpetually recur to litis
never-forgotten wlH usive measure. And:
on the other hand, tli" subsequent adrfiin-
isir ition of our Government seems to buve
iltngether forgotten this primary act of
injiisti-'e, and, in their negotiations, to have
icted us if this was only an accomplish-
t-d loci, end tiud ocen a mailer of course.
.' I V.....cgotiutioiis mid Wur.
In September, 1845, the President of
the United Slates directed their Consul at
Mexico 10 uscertain from the Mexican
Government wrrtther it would. receive an
Envoy from the. United 3'ates, . intrusted
with lull powers 10 adjust alt the questions
in dispute between the two Governments!
Tho answer of Mr. Do la Pena y Pensf
Minister of lhe Foreign Relations of MexU
co, was, " l uat annough the Mexicafc na.
non
ton wffs drply injured by. tho Unitedd. '
":aies, through the acts committed by .rV
hem in. the department of Texas; which , -
O'ti
them
beiotigs to ms nation, ins government was
disjioKcd to receive iho Commisuoner of the
United Sttvtes who . Ii!ig1it"coino to thft
Capita), wiili full powers Irom his Govern
ment '.- settle tho pm stct dispUto in a
peaceliil, reasoiwtblo tiud houorabie man
ncr;',' thu. giving--u new proof that, even
r . a w
in the imdsi of us -iijirie and of its firm
ilf -iimi to 1 ,u t Hlleooatu reimruf inn fnp
01, tin.) Goveriimeiii of Mexico does hot
reply with contumely to lhe measures of
ti-uso ftjibil. ps$iU lujMclljL w ad iuyifed ,
by its adversary;
1 ho Mexican' Minister at ihc same time
intimated, thai tho previous recall of the
wholo Naviil force of th Vn ted States7 ,
thi n lymg in sight of the port ol Vera
Cruz, Wii3 iudisjiens ibie; untf ihiswas
accordingly done by nir Government.
Bui it is essenltui to observe that,while
"Mr. Block "had, according to Ins instruc.
tions, inquired wheiher tho Mexicun Gov.
crnmenl would receive on Ehtoy from tho
United Slates, with full power lo adjust
nil ihrrquesliofrs- til dispu c between the
two Governments, tho Mexican Minister
find answered' lhat his Government .wss.
do posed lo receive lhe Commissioner of the
United Suites who m glit corner with full
powers to settle tjtc prison! dispute in a
peaceful, reasonable und u mumble man
tier. - - -' ,
Mr. Slidell wag, in November following,
nppointed Envoy Exiraordiqary and Min
isti r Ph nipoteniriury of lhe United States
o America near tho Government of tha
Mexican Republic; and he arrived in
Mexico on iho sixih of D';cemberr-;: "
M r. Ileriera, ihe Presidoul oi , Mexico,
was undoubtedly disposed to selile tho
ilisiiuTeTtjewti n the two cjuntrlcs7 .BuiC
taking ndvunt'ogo of lia: iniiatioD f tha
r .iv. .-. i.:. ..-.i.t:..i v.-..
t.,.., ... ..uui ..j.p.ncoiw
were attempting 10 overset him lor having
mode, as they said, unworthy ronccjUiuns,
The arrival of Mt. Slidell disturbed htm
once in tno uap.iai at trus inno tnignt
prove dcliuclive lo the Government, and
thus defeat the whole nffiir. Under these
circums'Knces Gejjcral Ilerrrra complain,
ed, without any foundation, that Mr. Sildcll
hnd come sooner ihun hud bx en liiodc-r.
stood; ho rrsortcd to icveraf 'frivoloua"
o!j. ciions ngaihsl tho le nor, of hi powers;
and he. intimated limb the difficulties re- .
spi Ctirig' Texas must-, h:i aejusted wforo
bny ui hrr subject of " discussion should be
t:ik n ido consideration. " -
Bjv the main question ns1 whether'
Mexico should receive Mr. SlidellMn tho
ha racier oi Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Ph niputentiary, to resldo' in tho
Republic. It . wus insislea by the Mexi
can Government , that it ha (I only ' agreed
i 10 receive a Com mil's ioner tip treat on tho
questions which had, srUea, fron tho
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