vor,. I ]
CIlAllhOTTE, X. C. TlESDAl, OCTOBER 12, 1834.
[NO. 3.
rUUr.ISHKI) WKVKl.T
By LEMUEL BIXC.IIAM,
JX THHEE DOLLARS A TEAR, PAID l.V ADVANfE.
No paper will be discontinui-d, unless at the
liberation of the editor, until all aiTcurujjcs are
taiil.
Advebtisemexts will be inserted at the usual
ktcs. Persons sending’ in advertisements, are
tcqucsted to note on the niarg'in the number of
Liscrtions, or tliey will be continued until forbid,
kind charged according-ly.
AdlUtUI/riJllAL.
FKU.tl TII£ AMEUICAN FAHMKR.
NEW-YOUK FARMINT..
\Obsen'aiioits of a Correspondent on a visit (o
Haratoga.
8th August, 1824.
Amongst the great Viii-ioty ol‘ visiters
Avho have recourse to this place, some
fur health and some for ph'asure; yountr
juen in search of \vi\e.s, ;mcj u i\es to shew
cj}' their dau^liters ; not l!\e leusi numer
ous or vaiuaU’C class consists in sedate
and intelli^enL Farmers; chielly those
vho migriite hiiher annually to escap(
the diseases of ihe Southern climate.—
These soon ;vel tired of the rontinual
round of ligliter amusements, provided
lor ihc entertainment of the youn;^ and
the gay, and readily embrace every propo
sal to reconnoitre the adjacent country.
Hence, we found, ye.^rd ly, no diiriculty
|in making; up a pai-ty of a dozen f.irmers
iVom Cieorgia, Suulh-Carolina, Massa-
Ichusctts, Peimsylvania, iic. to heat up
rationale of farming; my business is with
its results. I can only tell yon, that, in
tilling my land, at best a laborious busi
ness, my sole object is clear profit—I hive
tried all the systems I have heard of, iiid
can only say, that the one 1 follow is ihe
one which most improves my land, a^id
yields me the greatest nett incomc froni
labor and capital. This was a kind If
argumpntiun ad arf'cntum that none of Is
could parry—it entered at the pocklt
nerve, and, like friend tlriscom’s gal’.i-
nic battery, reanimated and put in molic^
a system of farmings which, it was .siij
posed, had been as an old criminal, triet
condemned, and executed, beyond ih
power of resuscitation.
His whole farm, as I under.stood, no
consists of 230 acres of arable land
whereof a considerable portion, of course
is in pasture, and 100 acres of wood. 11
C rop, 3 tons per acrc—24 tons-worth
per ton, 168
Fall feed, worth $2 per acre, IG
Nett profit,
1H17.
Expense of mowing, curing, &c. this
year, per acre.
Total expense of crop,
Crop, tons per acre—20 tons—
wurtli $7 per ton.
Fall feed, Spi 50 per acre,
184
122
HO
12
152
50
Nett profit, 120
1818.
Pasture, without any expense—pro*
duce equal to 2^ tons per acre—20
ton—worth ?2 50 per ton, 50
Nett profit,
In the fall, turned over the sod and
rolled—expanse, 2 25 per acre, 18
Uarn-yard manure, 6 loads per acre,
24
Sj)read over and ploughed in, as be.
foi'O, without disiuibing the sod,
$1 per acrc, 8
1819.
ploughed with a light j>Iough on top
of tlic sod, ^>1 per acre
.K) bushels p:r i'crc.
15 do
20 do
;>u do
li Ions per acre.
The follow in" account of his tnun:)r.*'e-
ment, tiie progress of impro.enient, and
acre.
53
was reaping his principal crops when w
were and, judsing fron. awearaul®",";^
CCS, compared w ith past years, he calcu-Vsow ing and harrowing in seeds, 50
hues on gatheiing 160 tons of hay, i- i ^
. Pli'" ‘ !>tmg, threshing, ^c. 6 62-*, per
bush'ds of potatoes, 5,000 bushels of* —
grain of all surts, and 10,000 weight of
pork.
As late as the year 1812, the avei’age
crops cf this farm were :
Of Inciian corn,
Wheat,
Bariev,
Oats,
Hay,
50
[ Total expense of crop, 127 50
Irop, 56 bushfls to tlie acre—448
. I'usliels-H ortli .'50 rents per bushel, 224
{ Net.t profit, 96 50
|i fill plougluil three inches and
rolled as before, with same ex-
h'fnse, 13
; 18:o.
Ilintcd with Indian corn, with tho
Lame expense, and in the same
j...ay.
Ithe quarters of Earl Stimson, Esq. resi-1 inciease of crops, from that time lo tlie
tling fifteen miles from here, in the town j year 1821, inclusive, is conlined to one of .
Vi' Galway, well known for having taken, ! his lots of ciglit acres, and may be recei-
|in 1819, the premium ofiered by the Agri-1 vcd as a fair specimen of the whole farm,
cultural Societv for the best cultivated j It was furnished to n«y hand by Dr.Steele, j
a geniienuin of excellent judgment, and
various and valuable acquirements, whose
society and skill contiibute most essen
tially to the pleasure and safety of visiters
at this place :
A. D. 181'.:.
Early in Scptembi V, the sod w as turn,
ed ovi-r with liie plougii to tiic
depth of a!)out three iiu lies, and
tlieii well rolled, at tlie e\i>eiise of
if-J JJ per acre, wlin li, for 8aereb,
i:,
Darn } ai'(l n^anuro, 5 lo^ds, and h-fch-
cda>iu , j load'., v.orth 7> '.-.i nts
per load, 'i6 1 'T acre, amounts lo '18
Tins WI-- spre’;d i.ci’ialiy ov rr) lie sur
lace, iiiiir.viii atU r rolling, and
light!> ploughed with a oie- iiovti''.
plouj^li, so as not to d.stui b tl'.e soil,
but just to s'rit''h the s'irr.i(:e.
Kxpens'^- one dollar per acre, 8
iMoiighc'l agjin liglit. K.-pen ic
pcr:ure, 8
Sow.tl V. iHi burl'y, Inishoir. per,’
acre, worth To rtnts per buhii l.
Seed of)st 15
Ilarrowetl with a light harrov;. L\-
p'Mise -5?i cents per ae.re, .i
lleajjiii!!:, rMrt:i);e, tiirt Cir. K;;>
pense t'j 62A p'-r i,eie, 5,i
farm in the county—an honor dearer to
the heart of benevolence than all the
blood-stained trophies that ever shadow
ed the brows of Alexander or Caesar.
We were received very politely by Mr.
Stimson, to whom, it was ub\ious, sueh
visits were by no means uncommon, lie
seensed at once to understancl our object;
.'ind, having iirsi tendered us refreshments,
promptly ofiered to conduct us over the
farm—so away we followed close at his
elbow'. It w as a mi/iintun: pi(lure of Mr.
Coke, and his 300 followers, over the
fields of llolkham, except that wt‘ went
on fool, and Mr. Stimson hims(>lf was not
mounted on an old while chargL-r, with
sagacity to conduct his master’s guests
tiirough the most fertile poriiojts of the
fields, as was, I sujjpose, jocularly said ot
the great Norfolk fai mer by one of his
friends.
We examined, as minutely as the timc^
1 would permit, his various crojjs j the im
plements and processes iiy wl'.ich they
W(M’e made ; and every w here v.c sa'v c\-
tmplilit'd the great desid('ratum of judi
cious farming, to w it : Laboi' judiciously
applied as to time and nuunjer, on fields
p!i good condition, yielding hea\ y crojis.
You may feel assui-eil that, with a doz-
|en close at his heels, soim' contioissi'ui's.
and some amateurs, oui luci was wtdi
eniployi'd to answ t-r all tin' iiilei' oguto-
^ . I • . • 1 I’loue-'iiiu!-ixitli V.'P.one fono'A i \
ms we puc to him—no MUilrn.. on tn.d | a.^-.uH.ing the
Jor his ilegrees, t'\{‘r e)i'ounii. f.d n'.oM'
criiical examination, and t w air ever so
V’cll prepared to pa^;•> ti’-' erdt ji : and
Iiere ItM mo pi-cmisr, th.a' Mf. Stimr.on is
n ]daiii iiirlicr oj Jiic,' ni;iu, v. lio j i-cct'ed-,
on the solid iomulaiir'.n of fxnrrit tu e,
vith habits of ( lose ;iu(l a i.uimU' obser
vation ; wedded to no throi i;:s w hi', h
practice does le.jt s.inetio:), aiid always
ready to be gnidt d bv rc\‘i/'!\ tluuivh he
Cannot trace them to ilieir eal!se^'.. Hence,
"’hen he announced to us, iii the oui.-)('t,
tbat his pIou;;h nevei' stir.k beyond tl'.e
^epth of three inches, was a!wa\'s draw i:
by one horsi*, and that his maniit e w as al-
given to his small giain crops, and
5>pread upon the sui-fare, to be tinned in
only wiih alight harrow—we, fiirm'^i-s !)\
the neir wer.‘ all astonislierl, and
"’ith one voice denumded his justifu uiioii
for this heretical departure from the
Ti'-'"ly established mons of the hur( h
^ot'ictiliui-al! lit* »-e;died, (Jentlcin'-i!, j
fietcnd not to be deejily \crsed in ;!i';
Total expense.
100
118
p, 90 bushels lo the acre—720
Ubhelb, worth 44cents per bushel, 31G 80
Nittproiit, lyrf 80
1821.
s split and harrowed down, 12
ed with barley, iQ
(use of sowing,
•s seed, .‘i '
(■use of harvesting, threshin.g.
Total expense of crop, 8G
60 bushels to the acre, 480
|jhel:s, worth 5(Jcents per bushel, 210
Nett profit, 154
Toi amount of profit for 8 year’s
lure,
DeAct tin' amount of interest on 8
aivs, worth pwr acre, for 8
ylrs, w Inch is
k'ht
1,-178 30
448
1 leaves a ciear profit for ei^-I
:’s culture, of 1,030
ring the past summer, 1821, this
irising lai n'ler has hjid the following
--e from tlte culture of 80 acres,
[ had been pn.-viously tilled upon ihe
»re|ing jiian, viz :
of oa«s ,^0 bushels per acrc, 180
Indian corn, 112 b'.i'j
do ‘JO do
! sjjruig wheat, .Vi do L>G
t barle}, (3'J do 360
years j and w henever it does not give him
at the least two and a half'tons per acre,
he turns in his cattle, pastures it down,
then turns over the sod three inches deep,
rolls it to make the furrows lie close, so
as to promote rapid decomposition of the
vegetable matter, spreads; his manure five
ox (not less than 10 INIaryland) loads to
the acre, and as soon as possible after the
ploughing and spreading the manure, he
sows his grain. It is thus, said he, by
never letting my land get loo low^ that I
keep up its strength and fertility.
His ploughs resemble, very nearly, the
Scotch plough, being an improvement ol
his own suggestion on that implement. I
have spoken to him to send one to Bal
timore, which you may exhibit at your
next Cattle Show. There is in its form
something more of the U'cdge principle,
apparently, than is usual, which makes? it
of easier draft; and, li,ght as the land
may be, there must be a peculiar light
ness of draft in a plough which requires
but one horse to turn o\ er timothy sward.
Clalway is 37 miles from tide water at
Albany, to w hi':h place he formerly wag
oned his produce. The cost of transpor
tation is diminished one-haj by means of
the canal, which, at .iMexandis bridge, is
distant 15 miles from (ialway. Mr.Stini-
son is a native of Massachusetts, came to
Galway with no capital, but a sound un
derstanding, and a resolute heart. He
has now two stores, keeps a tavern, &,c.
and has grown rich by close adherence to
the Spanish proverb, “ Go not to your
doctor for every ail, nor to your lawyej-
for every quarrel, nor to your bottle for
every thirsi!” Farming has hitherto been
to him an amusement raiher than a pri-
uuiry object, lie begins now to see how
much good may be done by the inlluence
of good example; and, having vuric/ico
uis land, he intends to stock it w ith do
mestic animals of the best breeds, and lo
Oeauiiiy it with plantations of fruit and
ornamental trees, ccc. i>;c. I must close
this crude sketch with a single remark,
that all who visit this premium farm, anu
note ihe conversation and habits of iis
owner, will be forcibly impressed with the
truth of the adage, “ The fool of the own
er is the best manure for his land.”
1 must add, that, as to laborers, Mr.
btimson’s regular number does not ex
ceed SIX, yet he had, when we were there,
thirty hands cutluig grain, grass, kc.—
How cmiiieiit the advantage, when you
can thus hire laborers to meet exactly the
demantl on your farms, and, having ac-
•)ro(luf ed the total amount of hu^h. 2,f~2 i complislu'd your purpose, discharge
yourself from further ex-
Tot;d expense if the crop, . 5ljv>
I'roduc.', 5U hush' Is t(;tlie a'Te,
. hu.si.L I;-., wcrtli Toceiit,', y. -: L»usiiel;
Aiaoui'.t 300
N\lt profit f)f the croi>,
In tile full, plou'vhed i;p tlu' s’j.hjhh',
three, inofles ii vp, .ii.d rolled :i!.
the L.'.peuse of j-l j'er .leiv,
1-si
llnrrov ed ;.ud :1 5'j p( r
ac'.' ,
I’laui. d w’.t'i ii!i!> Hi ’’f. - t 7 i i-
elu apa.rt, crsl ' j r a- I'e. iiiv k-
din
(Jo
do
do
paiture,
do
d.
.lo
lo
do
do
do
17
pense.
121
M
'.jj A letter from Madrid, daled July 5th,
I contains the following paragraph :
1 hy hooks YOU order are not to be had : all
wore soon japaned over with grease, he made
use of them as a slato to put down his memor
andums of locations, which enabled him to go
to the hind office, and to enter the best of these
lands—and to the astonishnu-iit of his employ
ers on their return to the land oflTice, they founfl
all their lands already entered by the pretended
fool; and fel» tiic full effect of his making a
slate of his leather breechcs.”
rnoM THE NATIONAL JOVHVAl.
The Secretary of W'^ar has returned to
this city, from his excursion to the moun
tains.
We understand that he was very much
:^ratified with his visit to the summit of
the Alleghany and that there is every
reason to believe there will be no deficien
cy of water on the sumrnit level for the
great projected National Canal.
W'e understand that Mr. Calhoun was
prevented, by the indisposition of one of
his childi en, from proceeding as he con
templated when he left home, to Pittsburgh
and Lake Erie; btit the information, we
learn, is of a very satisfactory character,
not only as to the practicability, but fa
cility of connecting the Ohio and Lake
Erie by canal navigation ; which, when
completed, w'ill extend an uninterrupted
line of water communication from the
Clu'saj)eake to the Lakes.
Cape-Fear Jiivcr.—W'e are pleased to
l(*arn that Mr. Fulton has cleared Ihe ri-
v*?r between W'ilmington and Fayette\ille
of several thousands of large logs, which
had been imbedded for years and which
prodtired obstrMctions to the navigation.
Brown’s Reach, which w'as the Hist ob
stacle alK)ve Wilmington, has been
cleared of obstructions, that boats will
hereafter j)ass without difiiculty.
The w orks below Wilmington are near
ly completed, and we trust they w ill ac-
ccomplish the object desired, of deepen
ing the ship channel, so that, in fulure,
there will be no need of lighters to ena
ble vessels to bring their cargoes to, or
carry them from the w'harves at ‘W'il-
inington. This fact, however, cannot be
complelely ascertained unlil the tlamsare
couipletely closed, w hich w ill shortly be
effected.
We learn that the merchants of Fay
etteville, from a late sw ell in the river, ■
have been enabled to replenish lht*ir stores
with goods of all kinds.—Jiakigh Meg.
Mr. Secretary Crawford and his family
have returned to ^Vashington city f"(m
IJerkeley Springs. The Secretary's health
is so far restored, that he will foi Ihwith
resume the discharge of the duties of his
office.
PHOn A LOSnON PAPER.
11
16
j;er aci ''
I'laste'-. M / aore,
l’i(il,i,'ii:.'.i;\h;)ei'.'.!r. Jd iiine
er'Di!'. r-’ IA r len ,
H;ir\ •btiii;';. t iiresliiuL';, put,tiii_L;u|; '.he.
crop, kc. ','M pi.;'
ifthc Vhole t-r.]), >111.
pel aOT'’. (i lo liil.^h-
Tel'd e>i.
(,’:'op, 'Ki 1 u-
eis, \vorili
Nv ti piolit i.f Cf. p,
ISl V.
Split i'neliil! .iii'l I il—I'O'-t jO
• elil', t)i i- ;,cre,
'ross-]duu;;*ieu ;ui;l Ikmtu'.s • d,^l pi r
aeri-,
Sowi 1 1)11 ;h'Is v.Iieat, worth jl
j>er I,
Sow'I, at time. 5II1'. frd
( lo'.>,r r>ei.-il, aii'l (piarts liuiotiiy
]>er uvn—ecsl ?1,
I.ul'or of ,^')v. Ini'-, liarro'.v in;;’ in seeil,
'■'! per acre,
II.iui--' 111,'-, e'irliU;-, thiv^him’', Kc.
M per,.. :v,
'I'nt.d of crop,
Croi). J 1- b.i-.iiel:> per a'. re—VJJ bush
els—uorlli ;“l _.) |)'-r buslal,
Nett [)iotit of ct tj[),
181C>.
Mov. ii.rc riifih;:, r u-ta;',e, of gns;'.,
V Uitli i 7 ])V r acre.
■lyo
4.
a
:>'v..hic( d total uuniher of tons, 1 j.w-!.—authors of any merit arc bought up by
1'-Ik ri-ar-;- 11, uliich produced a-'Teal ‘‘Uv iguer-, and nothing is printed. 'Ihc tune is
vegeuLles, and -100 eluekeii^. I •*' ^‘"'1 anting will be cpnte
unnecessary in Spain—even now il is dangerous
aderwill nallirallv wish to know j toha\eab(iok in \ our house t>n science or know
ledge : hooks oCdevotion w none at all. Those
who pro\ uled themselves with useful books (hi
ring the ('oiistitution, had to t)urn them ; they
dare not oiler thtin for sale. I.earningaiid know
ledge aiv preached against from the puipiVs, as
injurious tu tlie cause of (jod and the King.
“ L'l J',/iyiiJia” is tlie favorite text with the I'ri-
ars to ilecl.iim against. Spanish literature, and
even the uic of printing will disappear ; it may
revive in America.”
the nai ■' of the soil wliieh, wilh shal
low pip filing and lighl nuuiuring, yields
•s'l'li h.’. y crops. All aiialysi.s of iir.
!-;e)i( I :i| h:il aclej' gives the I'ollov, iiig i c-
s.iii-::
Ai.::i.
hi:ici
getubie :na'.tt.r
li h.nc
9.5'
IJ 5
17 5
6-1.
(),\iue I u'yii
1.5
/'v' ll C 'rf cron,
210
5^i
50
163
i Loss,
I’rrml^io, now to close this long Idler
!i_\ a i':w'’j iierai remarks : The analysis
of the Mr. Slimson’s farm icaves
I'.o n( C(;'|^y fur further observation on
ihal lu.‘a(^_ w hal is c'lieily worthy of no-
■ice is, 11# he never has recourse to na
ked J'di'01% but keeps his lauds almost
(msiantl#)vej-ed with crops. His g*-n-
Tcil s\sle»s to sow clover and limolhy;
the iirsl d||_>pears afier the second year,
and inslcim f going on, as w(; do i?i Ma-
r;. land, cut, cut, year afu;r year,
for eight «''n years, as long as v/e can
'el a ton f>«ay, a’u! sonietin;cs less, per
,a:re, he sc l2ly ever mows his land inoro
The Etnpevoi- of Hu'^sia lately i>eslow-
ed orders ‘f kiii;,dilhood upon se\eral of
the suj)t;iior oilicers of the French arm\,
using this Kin!;ua!;e—“ 'I'he Emperor de
sirous to gi\e testimonies of his favor to
the gi'iierals, Uc. wlu^ most disiinguished
ihemselves in the late war in Spain, the
glorion.'! rcnui/it oj u'hirh fuirrNo voinjih h li/ an
sH'trcd thi' iri.'/w.i (tj the. European jI/Uuhcc,
kc.” Among theseiuus results is the
destruction of all literature as mentione(l
ai.»ove. Aa/. Gaz.
Colonel James Johnson c-f Kentucky,
has published a very seven* jiliilippic
against (ieneral Green Clay of tliat .stale.
.Among a nu?ii!)ei of opjiiobrious anec
dotes vJiich he relates (d’him is the fol
lowing instance of the bad style oi Wes
tern c(mli'0vcisy, yat. (h/z.
“In tin; t-atiy Mt»h rT.mt of Ker;tu''ky he
feigned himself a fool, and was employed as a
''(jok or in some other neni.d nfhi t- Co- survey
in';’ par’it% saying , iiis “daddy hud sent him
lu re to gel aheap of laud,” yeh, a he.ip of land
Fluctuafiom in Public Events, Opiri'^
ioiiSy «.S*r.
* Thirl If years there were many
lumdred millions of lium:m beinyjs alive
who are now dead. It refjiiircs not the
aid of Ihspiratiim to forc'tel ihi; same ca>
tnstrophe res|)eetin^ hundreds of mil
lions now living, in thirty years to
come.
Thirl)/ years ac^n, all Europe was in
volved ill the Froiieh r*;voliitioMary war,
Ihe most atrocious and diabolical strife,
ill whieh the lives of men were ever
thrown away, sinee the at;e ol Wiinrod,
by the most linrnaiic, intellectual and
reliu;ioiis nations under the sun ; in
coiu[)arison with whom nenrly all thn
rest, of the pi-ople of the earth are ci‘U(;l,
iu;norant, idol.itrons barbarians ! Sueli
is the eonsisfeiiey of imniaii eharaetcr.
VVc dare not prophecy that the crimes
iind rriielties id' a similar eonlliet will
not he, renewed for thirty years to come.
Thirly years (/jro, Air. i’itl was in
the /.(-iiith of his‘^po\vi'i-, and Mr. Fox in
the nailir of op|)ositioii, balaneine; 1)C-
tween tlnnn our j)olilie;:l sphere, amidst
those distnrbiiii^ foret's of tremendous
enerjjy, whieh were then shakina; the
whole system of civilized society around.
'I'hey arf^ now sleepine; side by side,
under their niarlilo tombs in Westmin
ster Abbey, and onr little world of j)oli-
tics is in e(juilibrium still, without them.
‘We ne’er miy look iipon their like a-
!;ain and yet what reason is there to
([ui'stion that two as ecreat qs they, and
better jiaired to serve their country, by
union, may arise in tliirty \ «‘ars toeonie?
Thirty yrnrs this kingdom w as
divided against itself by the arislocrat.-{
and the jacobins, the tirst of whom W('re
willint^ lo sacriliee the libcrli's of their
coiauty TO prevent the laiter from ex-
tentlinir them by a reformatinn of alia
ses. The one monopolized all the loy
alty, and thet)t!i?r all the indej)en(leneo
in the land, and each with equal pre
tensions'—th;i^ is, none at ill. The !e-
iral fiction of ‘ Cor'.>truotive TrtMson*
was invented in those days, and explain*
j iiot h ssth'.iu ii-u acres. Heing thub eiiiploved 1 w'ifh such consuni’nate clciimoss, ill
''.’'•1 ! ...vi L" o:i,;i ni;: cf niych! a of nir.*' hou-i’, by liie ppjscat