North Carolina Newspapers

V p ' '--- PRICE $2 PER YEAR In Advance. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, J A FAMILY PAPER DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, MIHM6, AND NEWS. " i Ifairs Dislinrt 115 $t 3otilam, but car qb tfie f ni." RBFUS M. DEKKON, Publish? r. ROBERT P. WARING, Editor. NO. 16. CHARLOTTE, N. C., FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEilBER 10, 1854. VOL. 3. liiiiK I HSusinrsis Curb, &r. a. ?. warsbg. .ttloi ttftj at Lttr, Oytc trt Lmmtrrnm Brick BmiUimg, 2nd floor. C II A R LoTTK . N. V. ELMS &. JOHNSON. Foruardiu and f oiiiuiissiuii Merchants. NO, 10 VENDUE RANGE, tH VRLESToN, W. W. ELMS. June 23, '54. C. JOHNSON. 48tf. It. HAMILTON. tt. M. OA'I'ES. HAMILTON So OATES, c o in isskj : w si a t, Cru'r rf lich:rl'in and lnvrtl Strcrt, COLUMBIA, S. C. June 9 1 85 i iy T. SI KN1IOI K . C N. AVEU11.L. FORWARDING & COMMISSION MERCHANTS, H'n'ic Street., CHARLESTON S. C. KKKKK TO Hand, IVil.iaais At Wilcox. I,,, , , , '., . - Lai test on, S. c J. K. Hani. on At Co. ) ,.i uriiii i. t - thar.otte, N.C imam. INjkm At (. o., B. Ubaadbrr, Chataraawaja -Ana- 11, '."il fan RIIETT & ROBHf, FACTORS & COMMISSION MERCHANTS, A'a. 1 .." 2 Adtttttic Whaif CHARLESTON, S. C. V?' Lilc T.il advances ana ie on Conignments. I r tSjaoei-al titration given to the s.tle of Flour, ( 'oin, Jbe . .tiiit IV'.iii o r 1 ihj e;i, rienea) la the iMMUWtW, ( fed cn;fefe:it f lT'-iiij' a rtiafacHun. Mi r.li 17, I85L 31 ly Dry Good3 in Charleston, Sc. Ca. t5isotv.i.u a IMPOMTMSS OF DRt UOODS, N..s. 109 und 21 I Ki.iir r. t, ennaer of Market Street. CHARLESTON, S. C, 11 int iti-iti W imIi ii-, Rhiuket, !wc., Crpctiga sad urtani M itoruil-. ::ni Ulcll Dross f-J,..ds, trunks, M lattttaa :int Shawl. Term t'ash. Obms Prtc Only. M ireh 17, 1 " 1 31 ly RAMSEY'S PIANO STORE. IS1C AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. N DNNS & CO.H5 Patent Diacoual t!iainl I'lANOS: Hallet Dauvia Co.a Patent Suspension Bridge PIANOS ; .4'hiekeriaga, Travers' and other Lc-at maker' Pianos, at th-1 Ca artory I'rices. ii nbia, S. C, Sept. 21, 1053. 10-1 v. CAROLINA BY JENNINGS B. KERR. t'hariottty Ci Jati.i iry 28, 1-03. 2Stf WINDOW SHADES, ?H, MATBASSES AT GREAT RAIMJAINS. r i 1 1 !: aafiibri bai in turv, of his own maM&ctarr I mmd imaortatioa an roortHoua stock of WINDOW SHADK'S, iilt I ornici-, Paper Il.in-iots, Matraaai, S.tiM Di!'iiit, llaiuaaKr, l..nc ai.u HUKUn iwiain.", 'I'.i-st U, I. op, & C. Ail ai" v. hich are oiTeini at price Ilia! are appreciated bj all clat baaera ni tctmouiiial loaae-k rpeca. II. iv. !;ls!A 177 Kingt. Mar 24, '."! lv CHi lesion, S. C " Mi n lag Mat iiinery." (IORNISII PUMPS, Lilting and Foriin'. Pomisli t'rnthers, Stamps, Steam Rne;tea, an I general Mining work, oiada Iry tbe anbacritwrs at short notice. LA NO, COOK & C(X, iluJdon Machine Works, Refer to Hod on, N. Y. .1s. J. Hodi, Ks.. New-York, jne i'. 1 .l 13-y JST C- a.' 'tE 7TcJL'-l3Lii, Si' 1 l.stoHii , VjTJf. M'lli: aabseribera maua&etare Mining Machinery, as I follows, vi : Tin: CoaRisn Prinze F.n;ie, nigb ami low pressure Pnntping, Stampirtr and Hoisting Stkis Fm.inks; Connisn Pran, STsnrs, Cnt"stiEs, U'ivrnrs. IkonBlocks, PrVUm ol all siz"s, ami every variety of Machinery tor Mining parposes. THOMAS, CORSON St W EST. jont IS'-I l'i-1 V MEDICAL NOTICE. DR. P. C. CALDWELL baa a eclated his son. Dr. JUSEPIJ W . CALDWELL, with bias in the Peac liec of Medieiac. Office, '2mi stor- in FJnis' ne w brie, baildiag, mar the C'oarthotise. March 94, 1?54. 35-if N. B. All persona iadchCcd to me by account are rnjucstcil to settle the sumo at an early day M ur P. C. CALDWELL. The American Hotel, CHARLOTTE, N. CL I BEG to announce to my triemis, the public, and pres ent patrons of the above Hotel, tlint I have leased the name for a tonn of years from the lt of January next. After which time, the entire property will be thorough ly llipaIld and renovated, and the house kept in first elnos Stele. Tins Htftal is near the Depot, and pleasant ly situated, rendering it a desiiablc house for travellers dud families. Pec 10, lew. 22t C. M. HAY. SARI H iJt SflABr, AUCTIONEERS and COM MISSION MERC H ANTS, eon muia, s. c, 1TT1LL attend to the sale of all kinds of Merchandise, YV Produce, He. Also, Keal and Persona! Pioperty. Or purchase and sell Slaves, Ate, on Commission. Sat.CS Kom No. Kichardsou street, and iinme Jiatly opposite the Tinted States Hotel. Feb S, ISM THOS. U. M.mCH. j. m. c sua up. Livery and Sales Stable, BY S. B. RE A. VT the stand formerly occujiied by R. Morrison, in '".iiriottc. H rses fed. iured and sold, (iood uc e 1 11 a ijati ms tor Drovers. The custom ol his friends a 1 1 1 lie etiolic -r.-iierally solicited. F.-bruiry 17, I8.rl. 30-y Notice S IhT'iv wivtn tli .I t n - il i r .1 M t 1 1 w U .ttnJ. , il.. J :i xt Ceaeral AaseapM t" North Carolina at iis n xt I laioa, t.i amend the Ch irti r -if tii liwa of Ch.irli.ttc. J Au-?5, 1954 MANY TAX PAYERS - - -j , - - r t - Ml On tlic Influciieo of Wouioii Civiliza tion Exists Only by JIarriuge. Whatever be the customs or the lows of a J country, it is the women who give the direction to us manner. Whether free or subject, they reign hi cause they derive tin ir power from our pas sions. But this influence is more or less salutary nccordiiit to the decree of estimation in which they are held ; be thev our idols or our compan ions, courtesans, slaves, or beasts of burthen, the re-actmn wiil be complete they will make us what they themselves are. It appears as if na ture attached our intelligence to their dignity, just as we attach our happiness to their virtue. Here lin t) is a law of eternal justice ; man cannot de base women without bt corning himself degraded ; he cannot elevate them without becoming better. Let us cast our eyes over the earlh, and observe the two great divisions of the human race the East and the West; one half of the old world continues without improvement, and without ideas, b Death the weight of a barbarous civilization ; there the women are slaves; the other half pro grtasca towards equality and enlightenment, and are ihre see women free and honoured. A few months ago was published in the papers the account of an English physician, whom cu riosity had led to the East. Being accidentally introduced into the slave market, he perceived a score of Greek women, half nuked-, lying on the grntlnd, in expectation ol a purchaser. One of them had attracted the attention of an old Turk ; the barbarian had examined her minutely as one would examine a horse, w hile during his inspec tion the merchant praised the beauty of her eyes, the eh-gancc of her figure, and other minor perfec tions ; he protested that the poor girl was not more than thirteen years of age, that she was a virgin, and m-ither dreamed nor snored in the night. In short, after a close examination, and some bar gaining about the price, she was sold, body and soul, for about sixty pounds. The soul, it is true, was but little; considered in the bargain. The un happy creature, half-fainting in the arms of her mother, (for this horrid compact was made be neath the eyes of her mother,) implored with piercing cm s the assistance of her sorrowing companions. Jul in this barbarous land all hearts were closed; the laws render one insensible to the evils which they sunclion. The a flair was concluded, and the young girl was delivered to hor master. Thus vanished for her, thus must vanish for all women in this part ol the world, that delightful futurity of love and happiness which nature has prepared for them. Who would believe it ? this infernal transaction took place in Europe in 19, at the distance of six hundred leagues from Paris and London, the two capitals of the human race : and at the present moment it is the living history of two-thirds of the inhabitants of the gl.-be. What monsters would be produced by such an union! What kind of progeny will arise from ihls conbinr(ion of vileness, hatred and misfortune! Worshipper of Mahomet, is this one td the companions of thy life, one of the moth ers of thy children? Thou requires! from her delights for thyself and an affectionate disposition fur tliy son ! An aflecimuate disposition ! Noth ing can be expected from this sorrowing creature but '.by own degradaiion and that of thy posterity. Nature has so willed it, that true love, the most exclusive of all the feelings, should be the only possible foundation of civilization. This senti ment invites all men to a simple life, exempt at the same tio.e from idleness, from efT minacy, and front brutal passions. AH is harmony, all happi ness, in lira intimate link which unites two young marrie d persons. The man, happy in the society of his wife, finds his faculties increase with his duties: he afWntls to out door avocations, fake his part in the burdens of a citizen, cultivates his lands, or i- usefully occupied in the town. The woman, more retiring, presides over the domestic ;: n an .rem- nts. Al home she influences her hus hand ; diffuses joy in ih midst of Order nnd abun dance ; both sec lh ms-Ivcs reflected in the chil dren seated at their fable, who promise by the lorc., of example to perpetuate their virtues. Contrast with this picture of the European fam ily thai of an Eastern one; the former is based upon '-quality and hue; the latter, upon polygamy and shivery, which leave to love its brulai fury, but which deprive it ol its sweet sympathy and its dirtne ii. unions. - man may shut himself up with a number of women, but it is impossible tbat lie can love several. See him, then, reduced, amidst a crowd of young beauties, to the saddest of all COadt'MMM lhatol possessing without lov ing, and without being beloved. Inebriated with the coarsest pleasures, without lamiiy in the midst of his slaves, without all'eclion in the midst of his children, he imprisons Ins companions, ho mutil ates their keepers, and makes his house a place of punishment, crime, and prosiimiion. And, after all, dues this animal life yield him happiness ? No ; his senses become Lluutcd, his mind becomes en ervated, and be vainly pursues unto the brink of the lomb I bo sensual delights which, while they excite him, elude his grasp. In order properly to estimnte the wretchedness of a similar degradation, we may allude to the re cent history of a French officer called Seve, who has lately become celebrated in the East under the name of tollman-JJey. Being obliged to quit the service at the period of the fall of Napoleon, Seve offered his services to the I'acha of Egypt, who, on account of his military talents, employed him and made his fortune, without requiring him to change Ins religion. In Ip'SG, Seve was living in a most luxurious style; he .had in his harem the most beautiful Grtek and Egyptian slaves; but, says the author to whom we are indebted for this account, amidst all these delights his heart was a void, and he sighed for a companion worthy of him. "Send me," said he, a French, an English, or an Italian woman, it malters not which, 1 promise you to marry her, and will send away this troop of creatures, w ithout soul and without ideas." Then added he with fervour, Nothing more is required to complete my happiness than a true female friend, whose heart and mmd would embellish mv solitude. This treasur" woulJ en able mp to enjoy all tlie rest." On reading this) narrative, one cannot help admiring, huw, w hen si cial institutions htve not deeply depraved the' heart of mm, a sense of natural rectitude forcibly ; bringd him back to order, that is to say, to virtue. 1 Polrffantv is a puro snttnal sta'e it ojve-s us ! O ' . .. . tn!v slave ; mnrri'ge gives its a companion ; tlu former csaiMhlfrc: icbanHhVv in 'he ho-iv of the man, the latter forever banishes it, and sancti fies the house of the citizen. From these facts, which comprise in some de gree the history of the East, it may be inferred that civilization is only possible by means ol mar- riage, because in marriage alone women are called ) upon to exert their intellectual and moral power. European society has entirely arisen from the nower of the wife over the husband, und that of - the mother over the child. Al the beginning of the world God created only one man nnd one woman, and ever since the two sexes have been born in about equal numbers. Thus each man ought to have his companion it is the law of nature; all the rest is only barbarity and corruption. In order to convince you that such is the law of nalurn, allow yourself to bo charmed by the most delightful of all scenes ! Observe these two young lovers, experiencing the same transports, they have but one thought, that of living and dying to gether. All that is divine upon earth animates their bosoms. Do you not feel that they are the two halves of the same being which have agarn found each other ? and do you not perceive how, m proportion as ihe two souls form one, its senti ments ure enlarged and its joys purified ? Oh, how easy the practice of virtue appears to love ! lie who knows how to love, is strong, is just, is chaste, can und -rtake every thing, and suffer ev ery thing. The soul of true lovers is like a holy templt), in w hich incense incessantly burns, in which every voice speaks of God, und every hope is of immortality. In his paternal goodness, the Creator has placed, al the brightest epoch in the lives of the dwellers upon the earth, happiness by the side of virtue. Is ii not a wonderful thing, that the woman who has not the power of resisting him whom she loves, can yet find in so weak a soul ali the ener gy, all tho heroism, uecossary to sacrifice hor life lor him ? It is bocuuse woman ia made to love, and that in her weaknesses, as in her sacrifices, it is al ways love which triumphs. Far, then, from interdicting love to young per sons, I would bring them up lor this sentiment, I would make ii the end and the reward of virtue: my pupils should know that the qualities of the soul can alone render us worthy to love and be loved ; that love is but a tendency towards the beau 1 1 In 1 ; that its dreams arc but a revelation of the infinite; that in attaching itself to perfections too frequently ideal, tho soul points out to us the only objects which it can eternally love; in a word that it is always the moral beauties which move us, even in the contemplation ol physical beauty ; to corroborate this idea, I would point out the most ordinary physiognomies becoming beautilul under the inspiration of a generous sentiment ; and on the Other hand, lo the most perfect physiognomies becomihfi degraded beneath the impression of a low and malevolent passion ; and I would con clude, that, for women the most becoming coquet ry would be lo embellish the soul sooner than the body, because it is the soul which renders all perfect. The Language of Morjl wri The following is extracted from a letter written by n democrat Irom Pennsylvania recently defeated in his effort to be re-elected lo Congress : I might have been re-elected with an over whelming majority had I joined the sect in fact, its support was tendered to me if I would join ibem ; hut 'I spurned the offer, preferring a thou sand defeats upon democratic principles to one triumph upon know-nof hingim.' I therefore naihd my flag to the mas', and was determined, if I fell, to fall fighting in its defence. I did fall, and my glorious principles fell with me. Hut, thank God ! they will one day rise again, and ap pear in still greater power and aplencor than they have ever yet done. Democracy can never be crushed. It is the grand foundation upon which our government and our countiy rests. While know-nolhingism w ill be hissed at as treason, de mocracy will be honored and cherished." Webster's Rule of Okatoby An Instruc tive Ankcdotk. Daniel Webster, a short time previous to his public reception in Boston, was Ira veiling from New York (o this city, by the overland route. When the cars reached Spring field, Mr. Waitc, the well-known excellent con ductor, stepped into tin; forward car, and, as usual, . announced 1 'bpringfield station twenty minutes allowed passengers to dine !" Mr. Webster, who was silling by him arose, and pleasantly tapping him on the shoulder, remarked "Young man that is one of the most interesting speeches I ever heard in my life." --Vessir," calmly replied the con ductor, "all speeches are good in which the speak er and the hearer heartily sympathize." "Very true," said Mr. Webster, "and I have always no ticed that ihose speeches are always considered best which are fiuiahed in good season for dinner. Boston Times. The President of tiie Senate. It is under stood that the Hon. D. R. Atclmon, of Missouri, will not be in Washington during tho coming ses sion of Congress. His term expires on the 4ih of March nxt, and we take it for granted that his determination to remain in Missouri during the winter is the better to enable him to attend to his share of his contest w-ith Colonel Benton, the end of which may not come off for some months to come. His absence from the Senate Chamber will make the election of another pro tern. Presi dent of the Senate necessary. From all wc leuru, there can be little doubt that honor will fall upon Senator Ruk of Texas. Al least, that is the opinion of all here w ho are credited with beinir men of shrew duess in hwkiug upon things politi cal. ru-!Uui(0'i Uu-. Mystery. The. Buffalo Democracy snys thai on the morning of the 15th iust., there was taken from a stench trap in that city, a human hand cut from the arm at ihe wrist. The hand was smnl' an'l de!ieiih evidently lltat of a woman, and appeared to have been in the water for some tune, as the fles i was much decomposed. The storv of this hand, and to a-Rom it once belonged, are of cnurse a my?'.ery. not to be cleared up p. rh . p i!' (h J -y when !! things ?huil be made plain. Support your own jllcclianlcs. The following sensible remarks, which we find in some of our exchanges, we transfer to our columns, and w ould earnestly commend them to our readers in this city, and the State at larg : There is no troth more undeniable than that it is the bounden duty of every community to support its mechanics. They are a worthy and i l ii ! n;nnn cn 1 1 ! a ftnee rt f rrrn nnH l o find ftitl tOWrf) or villiage flourishing without their aid. Indeed their presence or absence is n I ways a true index of the condition of a place whe'her it is advancing in wealth and importance, or sinking into decay. Whenever we pass through a villiage and hoar the frequent sound of the carpenter's hammer, the clink of the blacksmith's anil that village, ve say to ourselves, is flourishing. It cannot be otherwise, for the producers are actively employed, and ouiuuinber ihe consumers. Whenever and wherever this is the case, the people are growing wealthy, and at the same time training up the rising generation lo habits of industry and morality. Where, if a city or village pursue the opposite of this course neglects its mechanics nnd supports those of some foreign town those who can will be compelled to go to some other place, and those who are compelled by tho force of circumstances to remain, will become idle and profligate ihey will cease to produce and be consumers in a few years they become beggars, and their children ignorant and vicious. If there is any truth in the assertion, tbat we ought as a nation to give the preference to domes tic manufactures, the fact is equally true with re gard to the community ; both are sustained by the same arguments. If a merchant would have around him substantial customers, let him by every means in his power support and fosler the mechan ics of his village, and as they become more wealthy their custom will increase, especially in those articles on which he makes ihe greatest profits, for it is undeniable, that as men become more wealthy, they also become more luxurious, and no merchant will deny that articles of luxury always afford the greatest profits. The habit of importing large quantities of cheap nnd half made articles of competitions with our village mechanics, is short sighted and wrong, both as regards the mechanic and consumer; and if the merchant would look further into the operation of things, he would find that he crosd the path of his own interest by doing so. Let the merchant bring the enso to his own door, and he perhaps may better understand it ; suppose that every individual who possesses the means, and yvho uses in his family four or five hundred dollars' worth of goods per annum, should, instead of buying of him at retail, go to some cily wholesale establishment and purchase his year s supply would he not in bitterness con demn such an illiberal course, and would he not any to him with truth thai he was warring against his own interest, by destroying tho business of his town and giving it to another; and that his little ness would react upon him in double fold by the decrease of his property and business ! So, in the ease above instanced, could the mechanic say the same to the merchant. We say, then, let all classes support each o1 her. nnd by mutual ex changes keep thai wealth at home, which, if un necessarily expended abroad, tends to destroy the business of your neighbor, and which in turn destroys your own. The Town Bull and the Bass Viol. The following anecdote from thp New Hamp shire Telegraph is too good to be losl : Many years ago there was in the eastern part of Massachusetts a worthy old D. D., nnd although he was tin eminently benevolent man nnd a good Christian, yet it must he confessed that he loved a good joke much heller even thnn the most in veterate joker. If was before church organs were much in hsp. It so happened that the chnir of the church had recently purchased a double bass viol. Not far from the church ivns a pasture, and in it a huge town bull. One hot Sabbath in the summer he got out of the pasture and came bellowing up the street. About the church there was plenty of untrodden grass, green and good, and Mr. Bull stopped to try the quality, perchance to ascertain if its location had improved its flavor, tit any rate the reverend Doctor was in the midst of his sermon, w hen "Bon-woo-woo," went the bull. Tho doctor paused, looked up al the singing seafs, and with n grave face, said : "1 would thank the musicians not to tune their instruments during the service lime it annoys me vory much. The people starfd, and ihe minister went on. Boo-woo-woo," went the bull "gain, as he passed another green spot. The parson paused again and addressed the choir : "I really wish the singers would not tune their instruments while I am preaching, as I remarked before, for it annoys me very much." The people tittered, for they knew as well as any one what the rertl state of the case was. The minister went on again with his discourse, but he had not proceeded far, before another "Boo-woo-woo" came from Mr. Bull. The parson paused once more, nnd again ex claimed : 4f have twice already requested the musicians in the gallery not to tunc their instruments during sermon lime. I now pirticuiarly request Mr. Le favor that he will not tune his double bass viol while I am preaching." This was too much. Lefavor got up agitated al the thought of speukiug out in church, and stam mered out : "It isn't me, parson B , it's that d d town buii r Sensible. There is a vein of sound practical common sense in thr fiiMnuina linra urtiii-K uc " - & - - - j commend to al! creation. The aulhor a West- : ern mm is a genius he is bound to rise. Such j a brilliant specimen of hard, common sense, j "wedded to immorlai verse," has hot ol late years been indited. We see in it an Epicurian devotion : to happiness mingled with the philosophic indif- ! ferencc of WPkins Micawber, Esq. Read it,: "think well on't, and after vou have finished, put I yourself in position to lake a peep at creation" twixt (he toes of your boots. Here are the lines: Oli, there is not in the world a pleasnre si sweet, A to sU near tiia vrindow and tilt op ynur tret ; Full awiy .it the Caba, whoar fljvor just S'lits, Ami ;j iz nt the world, 'nvixt the 1h3 'A roar bootj ( TIic last Earthly Kcstiue; Place of Sir Joists Franklin. Thp rprrni nnd momentous deoatch about Sir Ti.kr lOr-iiilltn lino ft ri an a II tr o ll'-l L Cl!f t n euriosilv twifll J. I U 1 1 1X4 II Ktso oo iui '"iy " tavfcaaaaai snmoihinu more id its sponsors ami of i he character of the climate and country in which Sir John Franklin seems to have perished. Mr. Rae, the author of the despatch, has been - D --- --- " . ... in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company lor more than twenty years, and has long enjoyed the reputation ol being one ot us uoioesi ami mini re put capable officers. In 1846-7 he was appointee by the company lo ihe command of an expedition to explore nnd survey the unknown poriion of the northeast angle of the American continmt. The expedition, consisting of thirteen persons, started from Fort Churchill in July, 1846, and after en during almost unparalleled hardships nnd over coming increditile difficulties accomplished the ob fect for which it was undertaken, having trnced the coast ol America belween Lord Mayor's Bay to within eight or ten miles of Fury and Hecla strait, and proving Boothio Felix to be a peninsular. The London Times of November 1, 1S47, con tains a very unassuming but highly satisfactory despalch from Mr. Rae to the governor of ihe com pany, setting forth the nature and extent of his discoveries. He and his party arrived again in safety al York Factory the place where ihe last traces of Sir John Franklin were discovered in September, 1847, after an absence of ouly a little over a year. Sir George Simpsou has ben Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company lor twenty years and up wards. He is the author "of Simpson's Overland Journey around the World in 1841-2," published in London in 1847, which contains more informa tion about the population, geography and physical condition of that poriion of our globe lying mirth of the fiftieth parallel of latitude than can be found in any other book. In that expedition he displayed all the most desiruble qualities of a hero, n traveller and a geographer. For a description of the country and climate about York Fort, where the lust traces of Sir John Franklin were seen in 1850, we have referred fo the pages of a work entitled "The Hudson's Bay Territories and Vancouver's Island, wilh an Ex position of the Chartered Rights, Conduct nnd Policy of the Honorable Hudson's Bay Corporation, by R. M. Martin, Author of the History of the British Colonies, &c." published in 1849, from which we quote the following; "The northern territory, which was very imper fectly explored until ihe recent journeys of Dease, Simpson and Rae, from 1837 to 1847, is inter ; sected with lakes, marshes and rivers lo a greater 1 extent than any part of the known fdobe; and it would seem as if tho inner snrinas of the earlh there burst forth. Some parts investigated are truly regions of desolation ; vegetation ceases in the latitude ol sixty- degrees north no. land is seen capable of cultivation ; the whole surface is rugged and uneven, and the open valleys nearly devoid of all vegetable productions. The soil at Churchill Fori, (one of the Hudson' B iy Compa ny' Stations in latitude fifty-nine degrees north,) on the shores of the bay, is extremely barren, rocky, dry, and without woods for several miles inland ; a few garden vegetables are with difficulty reared. At York Fort, in latitude fifty-seven de grees, two minutes, longitude ninety-three degrees west, tho soil is low and marshy, and equally un productive ; and, though the trees are larger than those inland of Fort Churchill, ihey are still knotty and dwarfish. The country around ihe faclory, although elevated above the river, is one entire swamp, covered with low stunted pine, and per fectly impenetrable, even in July, when it is in fested by clouds of mosquitoes. The land seems to have been thrown up by the sea, ant! is never thawed during the hottest summer, with the ther mometer at ninety degrees to one hundred degrees in ihe shade, more than ten or twelve inches, and then the soil is of ihe consistence of clammy mud; even in the centre of the factory it is necessary to keep or. the platforms to avoid sinking over the ankles. About Albany Fort, in fifty-two degrees north, and Moose Fort, in fifiy-qne degrees twenty eight minutes, the climate is more temperate, the soil belter, and potntoes and garden produce are reared, but with difficulty. "Proceeding further west, the temperature im proves, but all around Hudson's Bay, particularly at Fort Churchill, the climate is extremely severe; and from the middle of October to the middle of May the country is buried under snow. The ice does not break up generally uniil July, and at York Fort, two degrees south of Churchill, tho thermometer in January has hern at fifty degrees below zero. Even in rooms at the factory, where a fire is perpetually kept up, brandy freezes into a solid substance ; the rivers und lakes, ten or twelve feet deep, are frozen fo the bottom, and the Hud son's Bay Company's European servants are ob liged to observe the greatest caution against the ellecls of cold air, which is frequently filled wiih small particles ol angular ice, and driven by the wind against the face or hands, raises the skin in white blisters, which break out in thin watery is. sues. As soon as a room is thoroughly heated and the embers burnt down, the top ol the chim ney is closed so as to exclude the air, yet the walla of the apartments are found covered with ice two to three inches thick. The Europeans in the I service of the Hudson's Bay Company, notwith standing their precautions, and tho use of a large quantity of woollens and furs, are frequently frost bitten, und many of the natives fall victims to the severity of the climate. The sun is often obscured for weeks by thick fogs, which are caused by watery vapors ascend ing from the eea, which, being condensed by cold, hang all around the coast, and extend inland to a cmaiderable distance. The 'mock suns' and moons, called pnraheha and paraselene, appear very frequently in the coldest months. The tem perature of the air is subject to tlie most capri cious vuriations ; rain sometimes falls abundantly with a serene sky, or tho sun will burst forth in the midst of the heavies? showers. Such is the region in which several of the Hudson's Bay com pany's establishments are si uated. and which could not be maintained but for the possession of some more temperate regions, from whence food is procurable." Ia the Quarterly Review, No. xlii., vol. xxv., 1821, Sir Jno. B irrow adverts to this remarkable occurrence on board Capt. Parry's ships Iletiu and Griper: "The daoptb of March ret in mildly, (;tt their retreat in Win. ter Harbor,) ao that the solid ice, which lor aomStinic had lined the ship's sides, bepsn to raclt. It tnrlorc became necessary to scrape off thia coating of ice, on w hich occasion Capt. Parry obserrce : ' It will perhapa i i. ..!Hn that wo .hU iv (8th March) re- I PUUI tt IJ aaar aswaaaaTasi awaa w j ! moved about 1 00 buckets full, each containing from nvc to tx callous, bring the accumulation wi.iv -y- . ... u . I. 1. .. a In k i ri place in an interval of less than four wecKs, ano mm immense quantity waa the produce chiefly of tbe men a brcflh and of the ateam of tbeir victuala during meala. Late from California. The steamer Star of the' West has arrived at New York, bringing laier dates Irom Culifornia : The "tneral news from Culifornia is without much interest. Accounts had been received giving details of another party of emigrants, consisting of twenty five, who perished for want of food and wcter. Their sufferings were beyond description. Business in San Francisco and throughout Cali fornia generally was improving, but there was much complaint of tightness in tho money market Real estalu was on tbe decline. It was srriouly apprehended that some acci dent hud happened lo ihe steamer Sonora, a she had been gteally out of her time at last ac counts. Mining oporalions prove successful. Tho Indi an troubles have nearly ceased in the intcror. General good health prevailed. Safety op the Englisii Aktic Exploring Ship Enteki'T'-ikk. The British sieamship Pey tonu arrived at San Francisco from the Sandwich Islands, being the pioneer of a new line of steam ers between ilios-- points. She brought a full car go and 37 passengers, a portion of whom went to Now York in the Star of ihe West, the first who ever arrived at that port travelling tho entire dis lance by steam. The Peytona brought in'elligcnce of the long missing English Arclic ship Enterprise, which arrived ai Port Claronel on the 21st of August, having only lost three men during the whole time. The Enterprise brought no news of Sir John Franklin. She outeied the Arctic ocean in sum met ol 1851 and passed through the Prince of Wales Strait, but finding ihe ice impracticable she passed the w inter of 1851-'52 in lat.71 3.Tnorlh, Ion. 117 35' west ; after making every exeriion to accomplish the objoct of her voyage ahe passed the winter of 1852-'53 in Wollaston Bay, in lat. 69 north, 105 30' west. The winter of 1853-'-54 found her in Camden Bay, in lat. 70 8' north 145 39' west. The ice released her on the 30th of July last. Great Massacum by the Indians in Sonoba. The most important intelligence by the Goliah is contained in the report furnished by Mr. llenr y Livingston, who arrived at San Diego for the Col orado, on the 17th September. The San Diego Herald has the following account furnished by Mr. L. : Mr. Henry Livingston, to whom wc are indebt ed for tho following important items of intelligence from Sonora, arrived at this ciiy on Sunday last, accompanied by Messrs. John Stein and Samuel Simon. During ihe two days' stay of Mr. L. at the crossing of the Colorado, a report w..s brought in to the ff ct ihut a company of imigrants, composed ol fifty persons, nil from Texas, wero murdered near the Pimos Village, by a band of Apaches, on the 31st of August. There were several women and children in the train, who it is feared were doomed lo a more horrible fale I All the custle, GU0 in number, together wiih the provisions, were curru d off by the Indians, leav ing tho wagons in the road. This news was at the time u few hours' travel in iheir rear, but which happily escaped attack. Near Tucson about the same lime a party of twenty Americans were eating their dinner when a band of fifteen Indians made u descent iipiu them, und carried off seven of their finest horses, without a shot being discharged by either parly, although the Americans were well armed, outnumbered them and witnessed the outrage. Another party, a few miles the other side ol Tucson, were attacked, one American killed, and Iwe tl v-seven horses taken. The panics before mentioned were all from lha Stale of Texas. The Apaches arc becoming more troublesome and more formidab'c each day, and almost every train which enters their range, will be more or less harassed by them. Fhoji ttie Sandwich Islands. The Kiflg of the Sandwich Islands had prorogued Parliament. In his speech he says : " In ihe absence of ndequate means to suppress insurrections, I must trust to Providence for pro tection to my kingdom, and to your loyalty, re commended by word and deed, for quiet subjection to law and order." Honolulu a Fhee Port. Dates from Hono lulu lo the 16lh have been received. Tbe Haw aian Legislature adjourned on the 12th of August, the great measure of the session being the aboli tion of tonnage duties, by which the ports of the sandwich islands became, as far as shipping and navigation are concernvu, free ports. Washington, Nov. 1. I learn upon reliable amhority, that England has abandoned the pro tcction of Grey town. The 'health of President Pierce has fully recov ered. Several Congressmen have already arrived here in anticipation of the opening of Congress. We have a charming day for the 1st Novem ber, mild almost as spring, and the avenue is crowded with a gay throng of pedestrians. Exaggerated reports have gone abroad about the unhealthfullncss of Washington, which are wholly untrue. The general health of our city is good. The Comptboleh of the State. We learn by a letter from Raleigh, that M. jor Wm.J. Clark, ihe present able and efficient public officer at iho head of this apartment, will not be a candidate for re-f lection. This is now an important office, al though it has attached to it but a meagre salary. . The ensuing General Assembly will have to seiec a successor. We hope that our present worthy and able treasurer w ill be continued in office. A more faiih- lul public officer could not be obtained. 1 Milton Spectator.