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PUBLISHED WEEKLY,)-
A FAMILY PAPEfi DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, MINING, AND NEWS
lo SO r wlaiem L d a-
PRICE $2 PER YEAR In Advance.
1 ' '
ROBERT P. WARING, Editor,
u Ifafrs -WmM h iff Killoui, but one hjs ffje
- - J- 1 B - - I I . t
- 1 r- '- - :- "- : i 1 sri 1 T ., I.
: .1 .i
RUFUS HI. HERROIV, Pullishcr.
VOL. 3.
CHARLOTTE, N. FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 1, 1854.
NO. 19.
S
7
till i, vr I -i. Li u
I 111 i R "V I I I .f 111
i am an ann-B- x sa. i bl a- sa i i a an.
1I I -. 1 I T
lJ J J Li J LILT J
,, t- ' "- 0 L i I U i'f.r. .'ri '-j - t'i -iBitH irr-y ai iqpi oi ",itiq"q . " , ..-ojv-
MMMMMMMMMMnM MM jil
MESSAGE
Of Kxcelleitcy, Gov. Rcitl, to the
L,'gilnttirc of n tli Carolina.
71, c Htmormbk (he Gctiera! Assembly
nf the Stie of North Carolina:
In communicating my regular Message to the
(Jenrul Assembly, a fit occasion is presented for
congratulating its members upon the blessings
which a kimi Providence has bestowed upon the
people of the State, and especially upon their ex
emption, to a considerable extent, irom the dis
eases and calamities which have visited other
States and Nations, with ich ad and devastating
consequences. It is also a sulj-ct of conjrraiula
ry to protect the public interest ir these lands. It I when conveyed to another. The value of com- ) Cape Fear and Deep River Navigation Company
is beliexed that public policy demands that pro- merce does not consist in the profitableVxehange has been puid upon a compliance with the coodt-
vision should be made (or the appointment of an j of commodities alone,- but it enables us ulso to ! lions prescribed. The improvement under' the
efficient Agent, to be paid a reasonable salary, j avail ourselves of the improvements and knowl- charge, of this Company is a desirable object, and
edge of every part of the globe. The geographi- 1 when completed will afford important commercial
cal position of Jbe State is such llvat her immense edviiniages.
stores oi w alth could be of little advantage in The annronriation for the improvement of Tar
the scale of commerce, were it not for inland im-: River has been paid to the Commissioners appoint
provemenf. To the full dt velopni? nt of our re- 1 ed to superintend that work. It is believed that
whose duty it should be, under the instructions of
the Literary Board, to procure facts t'd enable the
Hoard to protect its interest in the Swamp Lands.
The Institution for the education rf the Deaf
and Dumb and Blind, is in successful operation
aiju nuoriis great (acillties lor imparMn"- ms'ruc- i sources, there .ire nresenfpH manv nhsinrlrc u tin-h ; tie annnmixiiinn uill h. f,.i.nl insnffifi-iit tnrom
lion to those unfortunate classes of our population, ' appear ;.1most insuf inountabte ; yet we ongfct to! pfete this desinible improvement.
who by ihe knowledge, they receie are prepnr- remember that ihese are nwre ilian competihatcd The Favetteville and Western Plnuk Road has
eu to become intelligent and useful members of j by 'lie great advantages we enjoy. When we bec'n e.xitnded. This valuable improvement has
isucieiy. J ne institution is under tiic managp-mt-nt
of a Board of Directors who perform a g od
deal o( labor without receiving any compensation
Persons and peoperjvegtlie p-lV'P"1 objects
of taxation, ihevlnlbtfi-Heir a nff Bnd just rela
tion to each other in a system revenue. Jt is be
lieved tha4, after excepting stevee, each person's
estate, real and personal, including money, wheth
er at interest or not, ought to be taxed alike, accor
diug to value. This would require every person
to contribute in proportion to t lie? value of his or
her estate, and wxuld equalize the public burden
between the various classes, upon principles of jus
tice. I know of no better rule to aseeitain the
ability of the owner to pay, or the degree of pro
tection his estate requires from government, than
! rtfled ih, it others he overcome greater obstacles, paid good dividends and affords great facilities to j by Tesorting to actual value of such estate. This
j tli- re is un eaose to despair. For when we eon- the public. The report of the President and Di-.j system need not interfere with taxing certain em
: si.ier healfh comlofi; saluhniy of climate, and ; rectors of the Company having that road in charge ploymems and the income ol certain professTbns,
as is now done. Such persons as do not possess
tion that the spirit of progress and improvement, ! I respectfully recommend that provision be made capacity foe Agvicftttotp, Manufacturing, and Mi- I is herewith transmitted
wrncn, it present, animates our people, presf-nts j to pay the members ol Hoard, n reasonable sum mug, A . Carolina is not surpassed by any Stale ; The Western Turnpike has also been extended, personal estate of the value of one hundred and
- iur me ocsunj oi our ueiovea lor uieir services, ona that the Executive or some : in the Union. A judicious system of Internal I and is a work sfl'ording preat convenience to the ! fifty dollars, (9 1 50) ought to be exempt from pro-
perty tax, and an exemption of a like amount
as a suljee! , great importance, and entitled to ihe Stock of the .McDowell and Yancey Turn- might be made in favor of all other. It is he
me lavorable consideration of the (jeneral Assetti- Pike lias been subscribed, and a nan of the State s
State.
Agriculture, in North Carolina, has undergone
nn important improvement, which has increased
the reward of the husbandman, and imparted nn
other Slate officer, he associated with the Board j Improvements by ihe State has ever been regarded portion of the State in which it is located
in Till1 Ml 51 llftiio ri r r-i t , t i . , , , . , i , t
. .immhi-v un. ui w I I li'rl I ! U M Ml
The J'resident and Directors of tbn f.i fprflrv
blv. The improvements already completed, as subscription has been paid.
well as those in ihe course of construction, have
Fund w ill, in due time, submit a Reoorf. show ing
1 ' i , 1 1 1 :i 1 I 111 met tn Am mmI nn i Tl . it. a - - . -- I n I , . i .
p ' I'uiouu , nt uiiiouiii i mi: nwuinno i'i mt: j; uuu, ana t ne proceedings ol
I -iaiii m ,.--, .. . I.I I . '.III " .. . I
', - ", oi i,uHinic , iii tciaiioa to oiner sunj"C!s committea neen p.oauctive ol very important advantages;
Hvon.l.ly with that of any offer State ; the laws to their management. but they are still far from affording facilities ade-
have been executed as faithfully, and justice ad- ( I nner the existing provisions of the Constifu- quale to the wants of ihe people There never
unaltered as impartially as in any other cqnalry; lioa of this State, a freehold of fifty n.:res of j was a time w hen there exisied a stronger nces
the lailh of the States has been scrupulously pre- j land is one of the indispensable qualifications re- sity for self-reliance. The North during the last
.-rved. and her credit stands deservedly high, quired of a voter for a Senator ol the General twenty. five years, in the way of protection and
bottal home and abroad. Improvements are be- Assembly. This requirement is uniust. and ono-hl ! other uniusl evaetinns. !,. fviro-o,,! rrnM JVrlK
J O l .. v vi no nuiii iWI'ii
:ag extended to afiord the Firmer and Mechanic a , to be remocJ. The question of Free SuffYaire Carolina mnre mmmv ih.-.n b ,v
has been so much discussed, and its importance j quired to improve all our rivers and construct all
has become so well understood, that it does not of our railroads. The farmers and other classes
require a lengthy discussion on I his occasion. ! need cheap transportation and convenient markets
ehaap m4 expeditious mode of transportation for
the surplus products of ih. ir labor, and for ihe
supplies they are lo receive in return; a U Diver
sity, of UM Ingham rank, aided by n itfHWOJM Col
d by ri uneniiis Col- the proposition that no man ouvhl to vote for n i
lea " Ac.idr?mie, nf a h'ujh order: nnd a i ILcun stMila'ive in nnp hnnrh of tko r.prriwUm I TkA eA
'I he Reports of the Cape Fear Navigation Com
pany, and of the Western Plankroad Company,
lieved that a system of revenue based on these
principles, is demanded by public policy.
a conformity to an Act passed at the last ses
sion of the General Assembly,' I appointed the
are herewith transmitted. Also the Report of the Hon. Thomas Ruffin one of the Commissioners to
President of the Petersburg, and of the Greenville
the Declaration of Independence, and in honor of
the signers thereol, which I have been requested
to lay before the General Aasembly.
i would respectfully suggest the propriety of
erecting, on the Capitol Square, in the City of Ral
eigh, two small but neat and appropriate Monu
ments : onu to the Memory of the Officers and
Soldiers of the Revolution; and the other to the
Memory of the Signers of the Mecklenburg Dec
laration of Independence.
The bright prospect of our State affairs, I regret
to soy, is somewhat clouded by the reckless spirit
of fanaticism, which threatens Ihe violation of the
Constitution and the dissolution of the Union.
The conviction is growing deeper every day, thnt
the Abolitionisls 6T the North are HelefttiHfNr thrai
the South shall not repose in the qtmCetrjflyment
of her domestic institutions. The poiitieiana and
clergy w ho lead these fanatics, are nrtt purer or
wiser than were the cotemporarics of the framers
of the Federal Constitution. Than the Statesmen
and Divines were content to take ihe Bible uud
Constitution as the " touch-stones " of tbeir fuith,
and the North and the South could meet in a spirit
of harmony, and unite in a common effort to se
cure the blessings of civil and religious libafty.
and Roanoke Railroad Companies ; and the Re
port of the President and Directors of the Roan
oke Navigation Company.
revise and digest the public statute laws of the State, I But how changed is the picture of the present day !
but ho declined to accept, and the duties of the j Now these " higher law " men disregard lhe.com-
com mission were completed hy Messrs. Moore promises of the Constitution, and are mischevious.
and Biggs, who have bestowed upon the subject
Agreeably to the provisions of the act passed i much labor and investigation. The result will in
at the last Session of the General Assembly, to j due time be communicated to the General Assem-
Comnrton Schools, which will soon be without he owns fifry acres of land, is so pal pa.
that of no other State, are rapidly ex- j My wronp, that the time will come when the fact
l.ietlttt of mental improvement lo ; that it even had a place in the Constitution, will be
.system ol
t-econd to
tending the
every class ol our emz-ns ; the Geological ex
aminations are almost daily diselosin . aluahlo
a. 111. ii iJ to the inexhaustible mineral wealth of j sibon that the people are politically corrupt, and
the State ; and, added to all these, wt. hive a no- ' incapable of exercising the rirrht nf sndV.-uro
pulatiou th it is unstop i-sed in the essential r-le- j Thin feature of the Constitution disfrnnchi
, in n's of true greumnss. I5u, notwithstanding
this gratifying condition iW I bines, th- re are mnnv
and cities at home, with shipping to do their own
importing and exporting, without continuing lon
ger to pav tribute to the North. Thev neei in.
regarded with profound astonishment. No system ! tercommunication within their own Slate, that thev
j i 1 j
ol Iree government can be based upon the suppo- I may understand and appreciate the wants of each
other.
These desirable oljects can be accomplished by
ituiion disfranchises, inland improvements. They, however, are no:
ui one branch of i'ao Legislature, at least fifty the work of a dav. nor of a vrar. lint lime nrirl n
thousand of the free white men of the State. ; lartre expenditure nl mnnev "will r, r.nir,l r,-
.i.i.. . . ....i ... .i. ix , inn. i I . . 1 ... ' i
' I 1 ' ,v "..I.C.. O i.o me ,-.t.ire una i iw.- men aie as reaoy as any portion ol our ; tneir completion. hat can bo done with safety
pro-p. rity of the pepP t.f the State, which re- J population, to contribute their me-ans for the sup- j ought to be done now, and the rest left to time.
quire the anion of ihe General Ass inbly. port of government, and to sacrifice their lives ir. In embarking in Internal Inipn.vr tm nts, a due re
in a government iiko ours, where ihe voice ol j deicnce ol ilio honor and liberty or ihcir country. gard should be had to the means and resources of
be people, to a great extent, controls public men- j They constitute an intelligent, industrious, and the Slate, as weil as to the necessity and practica
bility of the works themselves. Wild and vision
ary schemes should be avoided, and the credit of
the State should be inviolably maintained. The
works shopld at least promise advantages to the
people corresponding with the amount lo be ex
pended. The particular objects of improvement
u liicli it is expedit nt to prosecute; at this time, i
incorporate the Atlantic and North Carolina, and
the North Carolina and Western Railroad Com
panies, arrangements were made with the Presi
dent and Directors of the Noilh Carolina Rail
road Company, for the Survey of a Railroad route
from Beaufort Harbor to Goldsboro', and also for
the Survey of a route from Salisbury lo the Ten
nessee line. In pursuance of these arrangements,
Coi. Holier Gwynn was appointed Chief Lngin
blv. This subject will require careful PC amino.
tion, and must necessarily protract the lengih ol
the session.
The Charters of two of the principal Banks of
the State, will soon expire, and it becomes the du
ty of the General Assembly, either to rechartcr
them or to establish others lo supply the deficien
cy in the paper circulation, that would result from
closing the business of these institutions. The
eer to superintend their execution. The Surveys amount of banking capital, best adapted lo thecon-
th
aurea, f. meat ion
I not only n subn et in winch , meritorious part of our Citizens, and mnv safelv
every pwid citizen feels a deep interest, but it he- j be entrusted with political equality. The larger
in.-s mte i gmnl public inipnranee and de- i number of I hem n re possessed of estates of more
mmds nW ; sferiioj care of ihe St ite. II nee ! value than the ordinary freehold of filly acres of
thai rl.iuse in the Cons-itiition which d- clares j land, and are engaged in the various honorable
J hit a school or schools pfcnll b- established pursuits of life. Kverv candid mind must admit
Ity to- f.'-;!sl iture, f.r ihe convenient instruction I h it li.ty acres of land doca not endow its owner
l yiNtik, u i'lt such s ii tries t.. the master. t,iid with know led e, nor does it imnart to him virtue
may mi Me them In instruct ai ! or patriotism, when he goes to the ballot-box.
and nil uselul learning sh tM be duly j Free Suffrage will not deprive the land holder
of both of these important improvements have
been made. The able Report of the Survey of
the Eastern Route has been made, and is herewith
transmitted. The Report of the Western Route
will be transmitted when finished.
The attention of the General Assembly is res
pectfully invited to the subject of common public
highways. Good roads are very important to
every community. the present mode of assess-
venience and substantial prosperity of the State,
is a difficult question to determine. It is believed,
however, that the amount at present employed, is
not adequate to the wants of the public. Ranks
or branches, are needed at some points where, at
present, there are none, and at other places where
they already exist, an increase of capital, and in
some cases, an addition to the number of Banks,
would seem to be demanded. Undue contractions
ing the labor, to construct and repair the common ' and expansions of the amount of the paper cur
highways, is unjust and unequal. The labor per- J rency ought, as far as possible, to be avoided.
ly endeavoring In violate the rights of our proper
ly, and destroy our domestic peace and security.
This is a question of paramount importance ; und
Precornmend the General Assembly to declare,
firmly and decidedly, that wo shall require ihe
compromises of the Coiisti'ution to be observed in
good faith, on the pari of the North, and that North
Carolina knows her rights, and will maintain ihem.
I clcse this communication wiih the exprestion
of ihe sincere desire thai your deliberations may
be characterized by harmony ; and that the result
of your action may be calculated lo advance the
prospeiiiy and promote ihe happiness of (he people.
DAVID S. RE ID.
Executive Department,
Raleigh, November 20, 1854.
ft
Letter from Prof. Einnaong.
formed is a tax. It frequently occurs under ihe
existing law, that persons possessed of large es
The circulation of notes of a less denomination
than three or five dollars, should be prohibited ;
tales, Contribute little or no labor in repairing ! and wholesome restrictions imposed, to protect
roads, while heavy exactions are made of others
whose means are very limited. This is wrong.
Persons ought to contribute in proportion to the
I V I I.i
ou- prto
j u!.!:-
a cut -'ion submitted to the prudence and discretion j value of their estates
I he amount of public debt, on the 31st of Oc-
oi me Lieneral Assembly.
S'mcr the re-organization cf the Ralelgti and
t c urag.'Mj ami promoted in one or more I uivei - j oi any rii;hl he now enjoys, but it will give the Gaston Railroad Company, the road under the
: : inn-l:mdhflder a great privilege, which is now charge of that Company has been thoroughly re-
The Univrmily of ihe Skate i- in successful op. J unjustly withheld from bun. The people at their paired, and the connecting link between that road
.r-.'ion, sustaining the high reputation it has long ! elections, have repeatedly declared, by large ma- and ihe Wilmington and Raleiab. and ihe Sea-
. - "... - :
lober, 1854. was two million, eiwht
7 D
the public against the evils of a depreciated cur
rency.
A well regulated Judiciary system is necessary
to the security of the rights of persons and of pro
perty. North Carolina has been pre-eminently
hundred and j blesstd in ihe wholesome administration of justice
To his Excellency David S. Reid.
Mount A ibv, Oct. 30.
Sir : The great desideratum in husbandry is
to grow a crop of a determined quality at will, or
to grow a crop which shall possess the characters
and properties it is wished. For instance, there
is a variety of tobacco whose qualities command
the highest market price. It is for the interest of
the tobacco grower to raise the highest priced ar
ticle. Ii costs no more to send it to market, and
probably the expense of production and prepara
tion for market will not much exceed that ol ihe
cheapest varieties of this kind of merchandise;
ninety-six thousand, two hundred and seventy do!- j in her courts. This has doubtles been more the there are therefore reasons for raisini; the former
I . . I . . . J .TTl i . r. ..... If 1 1 i . . . . . 1. . . "
.n . . .
. "J"J "
n ml
im-ut, sends both a number of gradntef to en- ; reform, and iliev arc in I
and, at each Commence- jries, in favor of ibis question of Constitutional b
f i in tie varr u
lion i- every vear
-ilti.ibie nunahevnl meritorious
I.i men, hi have nul ihe means for that pat none
r wou! hft tlimetritv In rstitnsf1 the aenefiei-il in
pursues of hie. Thi- inntttu
educntinn. nralnitoutv. nn m-
voung gen-
I.-gislativ e mode. The
question of Constitutional hoard and Roanoke Railroads has been completed, ion and Raleigh Railroad Company, which were of Jour Judges, instead of three. With
avor nf effecting it by the 'Plus road nflbrds increased facilities for transpor- endorsed by the State, because the Company reg. ( ent number, when the courl is divided,
3 Constitution prescribes tahon and travel to an important portion of the ularlv meets the interest, and from time in limp mninritv nri tfU- n0rr.,lU it, .t.;: Ar
iv, ;, w..l.e I-.,, I,. I . . . . , O f. . . ' I J J viiu.iugun-uoiu.. ui
! ' oumcms . oie is uy a ouue. n is represented to be in a very prosper- j is paying a portion of the principal of its debt.
three hubs and a two-thirds vote of each House of Qua condition, and is now paving a very handsome The Report of ihe Public Treasurer, showi
two eousecutive L-gislatures, and subsequent ,a- ' dividend to the State. the condition of I be finances of ihp Stin II
Plication by the voters of the Stuti; ; the oilier
is The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad contin-
Anend s the I diversity has exerted in Nrth Caro- ! hjr a Convention nulhorized lo he culled by a two. ues to alford great facilities to the public, and pays
i. I in other S . res t.f the Union. j thir.ls vote of each branch of the Legislature. good dividends, which go to increase the income
Gur V mm n Schools h ire beer, in op- r ition j Th former mode is preferable for obtaining Free of the Literary Fund. This road too is reprcsent-
hnt :.r a Ctwin ir itivel v short nerind ami mmm nro.
------ i -. .... i - -
gn s-i! tg as well, perhap, as we have a right lo
expect, when we consider ihe many dilieu es tint
have io te encountered in the cummr nee use nl of
lars, thirty. one cents, ($2,596,270 31.) This ! result of the integrity and wisdom of her Judaes.
does not include two hundred and fifty thousand I than of the perfection of the svstem itself. It is
dollars, f $250,000) f the Bonds of tllfi Wilmincr. i believed ihat lite StimnwM I Pnnrt mitrht fn n.insiat
- . ... - - - .... u.f. V V.' V. I . V'w: u i 1.1 v-lll.ln
'11 , ... t . . . . 1 - . .
the pres
and the
of the court
below, counting the Judge who Iried the case, the
weight of authority, as far as the number of judges
is concerned, is equal on both sides. Yet in such
cases, the decision below is reversed, and impor-
the condition of ihe finances of the State, will, in
due time, be communicated.
svstem. There are doubtless stiM manv
such a
defects in the management of these S.-ho ils,
which time and experience w ill enable us 'o cor
reet. Tin- system, bowr-ver, is rfnwtg incatcala
hle g i .l, and us :. in li-i influence wi'l fe mnr.'
a'nkingly obvi m to the re iteration nhich sue
ceed. u-. There is no suSj et more wmthv nl
Lrn.-abJ aiderannn than Comtn'ap Schools.
The greatnesa of a Si.it- p- uds mine her peo
ple. In a fea rears, those who now direct public
all.irs will pi fron. the Stag of action, and ihe
welfare and destiny of the State an I ihe fcV public
wdl be enmmhted to the cbarar d" new aennra
The Report of the Comptroller, from the fiscal tant legal questions finally adjudicated. Il the
year ending October 31st, 1853, is herewith trans- ; court consisted of four Judires. then on an eoual
iteraryrund. 1 his road too is renresent. I milled. ....v.r. r ,u u j i..t ' .u
,(!' n i , t , , , , . uiooiuii v,i me uuuu, me ueeisiou ueiovv vvouiu
ii"- I i vi I I T .I" Sae;.0lnom,ca,' a,,d Pr ' 1 "S 'fl r$ Prosperous condition. In regard lo our Revenue system, I repeal ihe i stand. . To adjudicate the question and reverse
tical'l", while the latter is the very reverse. T he I The orth Carolina Rutti-nnH i rn,Tro,,0,r,r. rnm....,i:,. ,; i :.. . , ... .. , , 1
(. . , . . " , i , l t I uuiiii uuijmtiwu m mv message at me i us uecision ueiovv, woulQ require the concur-
Gonatituuon requires amendments by the Leg.s- ' with the usnal expedHotl of such works, and a j commencement of the last session of the General i rence of three of the Judges of the Supreme
lalure, to be submitted to the voters of the Slate considerable portion of-.he road has been laid ! Assembly. No more money should be collected ,' Court.
lorraiiuceion, out mere is no sucn injunction lm- Oown. J Ins important enterprise when comple- ! from the people than is necessary to defray the
. , irgiu io amendments uy a L onvention. ; ic", promises great advantages to a large portion economical expenses of n good government. Tax-
I earnestly recommend that an amendment to ' of ihe State. I ation is indispensable ; but ii is one of the first
the ( onsn u ion. giving every qualified voter for The Board of Internal Improvement have, from duties of the statesman to endeavor to equalize
j the Commons ihe right also to vote for Senator, ; time lo time, as it became necessary, ordered the j ihe burdens, as well as the benefits, of the sys-
! passed hv the renuisiie maSritua if it two PuMir- 'I'nucuror t, c.ll tl.o P,..i.. r tU , rt i i ... , ...
I -- J .i.- i .. . " " . -ll ,, UU1IU3 11 HIT kJ iur IU i IVIll. KJ i title V r?H TM. H I Hlll'ini y 1 1 nil n 1 ll, I run.
Nouses of the General Assembly , tobesubn
io conformity lo the requirements of the
It is believed that public convenience requires
that two additional Judicial Circuits should be
formed, and the corresponding number of Judges
and Solicitors appointed.
The Attorney (Jeneral is at present required to
perform the duties oi Solicitor of the third circuit
imitled, I pay her subscription to tins Road. Up lo this sury have increased, and our financial system has , He ought to be relieved of those dulies, and a So-Consti-
nme, the sum of -.me million six hundred and thirty ! assumed a more imnortanl asoect. The ins for ! lienor r.r,r,,r.to,t t r-rx...,, tu a,,
tution, to the action of the next General Asem- ' thousand dollars fl. 630.000) of the bonds author- ! countv nurnoses is eolleeiet pniilru,.i.i n i ru. .u .: ' .
, j , .fv-i.u,, lyJl , c Hum uciii", oiiou'U ie.sji.it; in 1UI-
ion. II tiial generation shall be fovind nanliun 1
mm i
in wtstfom and virtue, what is lo be the fate of the adoption. 1 he elective franchise, uj the dearest
monuments of greatness enacted, by its ancestors? ' right of nn American ci'izen, and il is the exes
I be vduejiUaa ol the masses of the oeonla is the ! cise of this invaluable nnvilene. iKat tlistiiiriii!,.s
I l o ' -
tree envernmenta trom desnotisms. Ii is honed
lb- action f ti... in vi liimup l A i.-.,, ilinncnnil Jnll..D ft i ; 1 1 o 1 1 o i' 1 1 . . . i . . , i ' . , . . . I "I'l'"""-" Jnoim .H. auoitie)
v - v.ul.., ,. .....,,..,, u.;.i,uo w i ,,.n,uuu i hi i in- uo ii us i to no j i. uu ii i v iiu I f lost's S colieciffl V Ti 1 1 re IV nn ti ml
I.I., .l ....I ... .k .....-. I r. j ... i . ,.' . - . . J . v.
J. ll"" lu " OI oiate izeti uy taw 10 ne issnea lor this purpose, have polls,- and the amount paid into the Public Trea- i eigh; nd in addition to attending the Supreme
lor ratthcaiton. - . j'e- n s, M by ihe Public Treasurer. The State sury , on these two items, is small, when compared , Court, as now required, he should attend to the
... .... wu,KG ,3 BU ,,,,, i.wu o iiituitaitit-rame sum ior premium j wiin me tax paid lor county purposes. An ex- ! business of the Public Boards in
...... auuug 1 1 ( u m nuc I n litem selves, mere n, ootainea on inese uonus, a tact a IJordi ng t he p
" - ' - I ' .' , . . ! r I 1-. l rri
"iiriiiiinj; iii orti vv no are in lavor oi lis esi evtueneeo; n?r crcilif nnd siiuiaiii". I fie re
all ihe Courts
h- animation into the existing revenue laws will show ; I would also suggest that it be made the dmv of lob;
'"V unequaiiy, in many cases, the , that otiicer to superintend Hie euro rncr.t of all bills (he first what h . i,Mr,
I ......... . -.. , . , ,
m, a uciiiii y tiir ute riguts oi peisotiH ami ol pro
perty ; Bad, in a free goyemment, where inteili
genea and virtu. aro the tnw passports to Rum
and diSUnetnm, il place ihe poor and obscure up
on an equality nttli the tieh and powerful, and
mm prove the Lest m-ans of nerneLUalint ihe
lh odious distinction between voters will be
eras, slot
. .., , , i i . i li- t w i . . . - i ...... .w i.iiiwiiiiiii ji un uiiij tnc nisi V il.ll l IS
port ,4 the I resident and Directors of this compa- d.sfer.m.nation made between objects of taxation I arid resolutions passed by the General Assembly ; has become by cul
ny l be c inmuutcated ,n due time. is strikingly unjust. and when requested, to give written opinions to ! vestigation should ,
be Charter ol the Nortn Carolina Railroad As a general rule, it is believed that the tax on : the heads of the Departments. data renuired VV
( ompat.y prov ides lor .he represen-aiion of ihe j he estate of each person should be in proportion j It is impor.an' to collect .he statistics of Crime formation ailuded
stock of the State in the m-etings of the Stock- to its value, subtest to sue h aiuitf !!.;..,. -n :..!.. i... ... t.. j . . - . " . .M
Meatmga ol ibrt,
Suring Ibe l ist year, there w as distributed, from ; remain unchanged.
we literary tund. U,r Cammaa Schools, in the
various counties ol the State, the sum of one bun-
Uretl and w
two dollars
.Jr. t- . j.i ... . . . . ... r
""in on, woiisuiuii.ni, anu mat we snun, in , net, rroiners, nut il es not point on; the mode by which 1 stances and fundamental nrinci
Ii n ma ii f I i i i ! 1 I ' - a mm at . . . . iw '
... oo,i. (.cojiie o. --cquai rignis anu equal pn- sucn reresentattQn shall be appointed. At tn 1 Inasmuch as properly, on the
Vlit'gfs. aSt SeSSUHl of the (elUral AnniKIr nn Art u..1c nnl lrt h rri'iiln llu - i - - if -- -i I . . . ' .
i . c . . , . . i - . .-o w, pxiiw; pm nee, ueiiuer, j iorney uenerai or Executive ;o be complied or
1 be opinions I h ive heretofore expressed, m ! passed proposing certain amendments to the Char- , on ihe other hand, ought the absence of properly ihe use of the General ssembly
opposition la alieriug the buiis ol representation, for, one ol which authorized the Executive to make to exempt the person from bearing a just share ol . Since the last session of ih r.P(,iX Nil
the appointment: and with that nronosition there the nuhlie. burden. Th,r, .i', ,.nn,tui;,,n :.. n,... ti c ..t , .. t , .'
'Pi... .1 : . .- i i. j t r , . . . . . .... ' ' " v.,.,,.,,..,,.., .a ,3 , iVn. j nomas o llie. one OI me JUiJUeS o 1 ne Hit.
ue .iteuou oi jooges ana justtcca oi me was incorporate, another which, in all probnbili- ; imposed. Slaves are regarded, lo some extent, penor Courts of Law and Equity, has reined -1
eace ly Un1 neoiue. ana lor terms ,'ss than f.-r tv. won i have nlmd thr- Si-,ie ti lii.O, r ,,c , i i,..,i, i , u : i,.. , ., . . r '
dred Hiid iw.niv ....,., ,i . . . . .:, i ' r , . - i V " 7, T7 w... pt. I1U , Upe, j ne lonowmg wise i vv tfn the consent o the Uouncil ol State, ihe lion
uiriinnu it iiiv-t'i'tlit hoiikaiiil hkk nm. rH nml .'. iim a so mif- ions if ro ,inn i m, 1 r. tln,rtj tlx, t.w., .. .;....;i,. ; ,u .: : .r a. ..- . .... ' rwwm
ii f I . ' j n" -. v.. ,o,v. w, wui umit viiiisi ion ton, w men ou
i n. ,i if ;s. t.t iv i j i unit me i (i ii t ne la vor., i,te e i shiit..: ton r.i l n n.n. n in. .s , nr l-h,, , .... 'i i. ... .. ; .
' V - - ..v. , . . . --. . . . , .iiU '-'V' .... .... , i .j i v.! i -- . 4 1119 ,11-1 v, r, .-, in iiiv i
during tlie present year, Um sum of one hundred i eral Assembly. j verv properly re jected by the individual
HI 0 V i I V Hill IN.IIi I l",ii. Imii.l ....I . ..,t- J I 1 J itfiOOMnr., l r- T fr i-nr. I . n 4 . un - I , I. ' " , l I ... I I a 1. I a. ... .
.j -.fi,,, iiuii-i leu anu uii uoi- lu"u'i mc uji mu h'm ui tire coaie, ' uttioers inernseives. At eacn meetiinr i anmunted " Luniiation fax sh;il Im mm. il,r.,,.k.,. i pi .T....,, t t j .
lars, eight cents. ( 180.850 AMI k.. I a; J,-...... and utv.n ii, A thm ne. .,f -it , " ,, . u... . . P!J :., .. . c. pU ,, rf.1. iye e?Udl hroughoot 1 he Lunatic Asylum is advancing towards its
. ,r i ' - , - , - r - e-""-i " 1 v l oi.tir, hui i am unomciai- tne oiaie, upon a I inuiviuua s su hi -ct to he same rnmncinn Thi inotiiieinn will cvm nn, t
ed for the same object. It is believed that nearly , other industrial pursuits. This impor.au. inter- ly informed that such appointment has not been 2. " All Iree males over the Jo. of Won. 2 lec" L of naa ..u Thp (W P
the same amount has been collected hv taxation. : esl has been too much neglected, ''he
in the counties, lor ihe S1,linrt n ' tr.,l sn,v of ,l,e ,a,e lm . A'u. ..., ". ... i iT: "r .' . super.ntend.be construction of tl
s; u. i rr vuu""u" ; .!- - mat iiicuiait.-ii.ia oeen imrepreseun u in ineir nn slaves over tne age ol twelve years and under
Therenor, nf n f W' f"- Tlte same may meetings. The right of representation is provided ,t the age of fifty years shall be subject fo capitaiion
.i-fyr , ihP i('oncrnl Supertnlendani of be said of the act passed by the last Legislature for in the Charter, and its exercise does not de- 1 tax, and no ot'her person shall be subject o such
UmmouN-hoaU lot -the past year K,ves an ae- io encourage Agriculture, Domestic Manufactures, pend upon ihe assent of the individual Sioekhnld- ' tax ; provid, d that nothing herein contained shall
Z offi 'er 1' s tn nnd oo.ervation o, ; and the Mechanic Alt. Jt is the paramount duty I ers. Therefore, ,o make .his question perfee.ly prev'ent exemptions of bteShtWtaS
tnai otneer. ii kiaus manv ?rattl vintr laeta. nnd i o! every we retmbited
- . . ct - . o b - v-., ;o cAienu uue uicai, j' ia tuny iii;c;esjn r tu orov ue. v law. ine nreseri ten nv aw in f.-is.-c nl hnHi "
in preference to the lulier. Certain kinds of new
soil produce the kind wanted lor a lime, but cease
after a few crops have been cut. The ordinary
plan of treating a soil thus exhausted, not to ihe
extent lo grow the plant, but changed by culiiva
lion so far as to give an article of diminished va
lue. We may assume tl.e position (hat ihe quali
ty depends on the composition of the soil and not
on climate. We may now enquire what sleps
should be tax en to ensure the desired production.
We must know first what elements in ihe compo
sition of tobacco impart the desired qualities.
We compare the (bin fine leaved with the coarser
leaved varieties. Our samples for examination
and analysis must have acquired maturity. Thero
must be an c quality as to richness, otherwise our
results cannoi be depended upon. We muslcorn
pare too those parts which occupy the same post
tion upon ihe plant : for it is an established fact
(hat Ihe composition of the parts ol the same plant
differ. Thus the lower part of the straw of oats,
w heat or rye, differs from ihe upper, nud hence, it
may be inferred thai the lower leaves of a tobac
co plant may differ from the upper even after the
plant has reached its maturity. Tne soil being
the source from whence the plant acquires its
characteristic properties, it becomes necessary. to
investigate the properties of the soil also during ,
the time it is producing ihe fine leaved high priced
icco, anu subsequently thereto, as we. learn hv
C. t... . :. . i r ' , . . r
is ueiorc cultivation and what it
cultivation. R seems that ihe in.
put us in possession of all :ha
shall have obtained the in-
ormution ai ludfd lo ill a r. im rnn n ira 1 1. .r l.
cep ions as c.rcum- j in -his Stale. I his might b, easily done, by ma- analysh, of soil, in which it is stated that til lhat
aciples may justify. , king ,t the duly of the clerks of the county and j is important to know in soil analysis is the relation
s one hand, ought j Superior Courts to make annual returns to the At- of composition to Product : lhat mlii-...
supposed lo be conslani, both us il regards quanti
ty and quality.
What remains for the tobacco culturist to do is
So net upon the information ihe inveatigati'n gives
him, or it is lo test in prac'ic- what theory die-
rues. i.oes ihe binri uncud mhanen eomai.,
Eet.os provision ol our btate Constitution, winch ought I Samuel J. Person was appointed to fill his place. I given amount of mulish as a coiL2,n .f
. j : , .. J .... . . suppiy ino vacancy. i inai statu the same eemeul. Imt in. ,1 . ..io
mai stab tbe same elumeui, but fosea it by cult.
vdiioo, and me plant deprecates down to a third
rate article, it is almost a deduction of science un
der all this cumalative Jestimony that it is to ilio
Presence of notash in ec itu i n . i .1
buildings deserve great credit for the manner in j soil lhat the article owes ju market value Now
which they have discharged their dulies. With- a doclor in an enfeebled conation, t.-
ie
m regard to ihe im- , encouragement to those engager' ,n the cultivation 1 manner iu which such representative shall be ap- j It will be seen that slave property must form
' . here with Irans- ; of .he soil. T h,,e is no pursuit more honorable : pointed. ;in exception in framing an Zl valoLi system Z
present year will be or better calculated lo promote the happiness of: In all cas where the State makes a sohserft j taxation. While males alone are subi-cl to nol!
i man. and none nmre imnnrinnt i.- ii . j . t. ,.. , , .. . . . J '
presents various suggestions iu regard lo the im
pros nan 1 of ihe school, f
milled. His renorf for ihe
, , ' . . r m ouppmess oi in no cases nerc tne sstate maaea a suhsenp. taxation. V lute males alone are subject to nol
7 h . a r ' ? ",0re "n'10rtant to ,nc preservn- imn lo a corporation, she ought to retain the right tax, while a poll tax is imposed on both male and
p i desiralile that the principal of the Literary j ion of republican institutions. A new impulse j to be represented in proport.on to her stock. j .Vrnnle slaves, nnd the period of tax .Hon begins
Fund should be increased, lo perm .nentlv secure has been given to this branch of induatrr tft.t tr Tl. n,.,,,,,;.,, Zf ,L u ;i..... j j I j T. l"x,"ori ueg'"9
-..v. . ..- ' ' vi vttv' w i uv- i i u i ui " lui i un to i ii ier nar mr rrhTtirtiixa ti . i . .
r- ; ' " wi vwuiiuuco use iraia I ''UM
I he tiae Chester Kailroad has been prosecuted with much ' er on ihe Liter, Thus it will appear that bv
........... . . ! . - . r ! . . . . - - - -
ne ,w ilu umeipnae, anu ine improvement is ai- taxing boa sexes, tbe amount o tevenue collect
a larger distribution lor the support of Common i perceptible in every part of the SlaU
ocbools.
The Swamp Lands are sn uncertain source of
I r i ...... ., 1 - ' - '. I .
ii anu limn auLtcssiui itiatinement requires
ol emigration which has hiiherlo drained North
Carolina nf her wealth and population, has already
been stayed, and the enterprise and capital of oth-
a aegree of personal attention, ihat ii would be er portions ol the country are now ntlraefrd with
extremely inconvenient for the Executive to be- in iier limits, alTording evidences of pntspcri'v,
tow. The lit'es of large tracts of the land arc in !l contributing towards her advancement lo the
dispute, nnd it is believed, that trespasses, mairri- j hitfh position she is destined to occupy,
a'iy impairing their value, have been committed on Intimately connected with the prosperity of Atr.
tucm, ior years. When counsel are instructed to ' nculture, Manufacturing, and Mining, stands the
lirinr. A;a ? . . .. .. .. .
.... - -.'. . I i, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 nr eofi i -i .1.. .-..i.i .... r I i ........... i j ..... . . d
v jirot-unng me in- ui i,c, uni iiiipt overneni.s. l
lording important advantages to a portion of the ed from the tax on slaves is double the amount
State. As far as I have been informed, ihe Com- collected on white polls, in proporliou lo lite entire
pany having this road in charge has not officially population of the two races ; and tlte ddTerence in
acted on ihe amendment proposed to its Charter ; the duration uf ihe period for which ibev are taxed
I... .1... I. -. f I .1 t.-i,. I I - . . . '
u) ine iai vienerai ass em.uy. n is ueiieveo, is equivaUnl lo one hundred per cent. more. It
out compensation, rhey have performed much la
bor, and incurred heavy responsibilities.
The establishment of a Scientific and Military
School is a subject of importance, to which I beg
leave to call the intention of the Genera) Assem
bly. The training of the Militia, and additional en
couragement to the formation of Volunteer Com
panies, are subjects worthy of consideration.
The report of the Slate Geologist, giving a de
tailed account of the progress of the work commit
ted to his charge, will be transmitted at an earlv
day.
It is but justice to state, that the Public Treas
urer, the Secretary of State and Comptroller of
Public Accounts, have perlormed the duties of
the respective offices, with ability, industry and
fidelity.
whole number of eaeh race, the poll tax paid on A Circular from the Seeretart- r.f !nt nlSfca
f . - , . ...... , t -j, IIS v
tbe report of slaves is three times as much as that paid on United Slates, is herewith transmute,!
formation necessary to their suecess'ul prosecu
'''n. The lands, in many instances, arc matins
ble, except to persons who have experienced in
Ueti exploraiion. Furtlur legi.,1 nSan h ncccssit-
hovvt ver, that ibe amendment vmIJ not be accepted. ( is, therefore, obvious, lhat. in proportion to ihe
The State's snhseri nlirm Inlbn Mptis-n 3iir M-.v. ,i-l..,l numki,. n i I
igaiion t'ompany has been paid.
oinmerce ihe President and Directors in relation to ihe val- ; he white population. So it will be found lhat tins
in taus ag.. is an easeni.si element, wun.uii which u iL.e improveim nl under the eharge. of that Com- provision ol .he Constiiution h-s imposed a tax on
the great industrial pursuits must languish. Tin: pany, is herewith transmitted. j slaws, in the two fold character of persons and
which is comparatively valueless in one pari of j Tin subscription authorized by the Act of the properly, and that an ad vdorem ts cannot be
the world, cf'cn becomes u vast mine of wraith ' I s: scs.-Ln cf the Legislature to be mad" to th- j imposed on thai -prcie. ol estate.
prepared to endorse the recommendation contain,
ed therein.
Herewith is transmitted the proceedings of a
ii- .- , . - r. . ...... ra
public meeting held in Philadr dphia. in relation to J girl by the coluj of the bair ia 'ho
a Monument, :n thai City, in com membra lion off L'gh!
was satisfied there was a deficiency of iron in tin)
blood would prescribe iron, and why should not
husbandry lake a loson from life?
What is true of ihe tobacco hu.bandry is true
of wheat husbandry n any husbandry whatever.
The tendency of the human mind in its early en
quiries after ends and causes, are distinguished
lor s great deficiency of facta. Subsequently
facts arc sought for, because it is seen that speeu
lations alone are unproductive. Husbandry is a
matter of fact business, but slili its perfection ad
mits of theory ; and theory here is an expression
of thought, growing out of or suanesied hv iWi.
Fipt8 ore slways suggestive; but facts differ in
meir suggestions so do books, and- hooks and
facts which are the most suggestive or which man
incline us to theorize, or iu other words to think,
are ihe most valuable.
Most respectfully your ob't serv'i.
E- EMMQtfS.
Does' irks says that in t.'m New York boarding
houses i hey cjin tell when they get anew hired
hue tula.