North Carolina Newspapers

IWiPHIii BH assssssBMBanBaBSBaBSsl Qr PRICE $2 PER YEAR In Advance. PUBLISHED WEEKLY. A FAMILY PAPER-DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, MINING, AMD NEWS. RIFIS M. HEBRON, P-rtH-ah?. '-Cfjt Itatrs Dislinrt ns tljr 3oi!lom5 but our u !$ $ra. ROBERT P. WARIXG, Editor, JT NO. 20. CHARLOTTE, N. C., FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 8, 1854. VOL. 3. 3SiiBinrBjs Curbs, &f. . P. V A S3 KB, attorney at Iaiic, Office in Lont trgamU Brick Building, 2ndJloor. CHARLOTTE, N. C. THOMAS TROTTER & SON H W'K iut nm-ned a i-phiiclid stock of WATCHES .,,! JEWELRY, SILVER & PLATED WARE and FANCY GlJOPS of all kinds. EE?" iNo. (iran ite Row. Oct. 27, lf?54. I4tf J. B. F. BOONE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN BOOTS & ssoss, soi l IiUivcr, i shuts, LININO AND BINDING SKINS. SHOE TOOLS OF RVERY DKSCRIPI ION, Charlotte, N. C. Oct. 20. I Sf4. I y ELMS JOHNSON. Forwarding and Commission Merchants .NO. 10 VENDUE RANGE, CIIAIiLKsr.i. s. c. W. W. ELMS. C. JOHNSON. June 23, '54. 48tf. R. HAMILTON. K. M. OATES. HAMILTON & OTES, c o m ji i i o if! E . 11 1 15 A ITS, Comer of RifAsi rf anil Lnurel Strrrtr, COLUMBIA, S. C June 9 1654 I v T. STEMIOT SK. C. N. AVEStlLL. T. SiF,HOl Nr,& Co., FORWARDING & COMMISSION MERCHANTS, JUa. ' Jl u'ic Street, CHARLESTON S. C. REFER TO Hand William & Wilcox, It. Dulin, J. K. Harrion & Co. ) William, Dixon it Co., B. Chandler. Chataiiuo:;.i i - ( harotte, N. C. Ann. 11, '54 Km K 311 I I A: KOBOX, FACTORS & COMMISSION MERCHANTS, jW, i mid 2 Atlantic Wka CHARLESTON. S. C. ffw" Liberal advune. s ma :e on Consignments. OT Si:M-i.,l all -ntuin givi-ii ti the Ka!t- of Elciir, Corn & e . and frum u r 1 nf experience in the bMiMn, 'C j Icrl o.ufi I lit or l.' . I .' iil?'uc2Jli. March IV, 1-31. 3i ly Dry Goods in Charleston, So. Ca. i 'll'OUTi.HS OF DRY ooons, Nok. 2;jy ..i..j -11 aviSg sirett, eorncr of AluiSiet Street. CHARLESTON, S. C. Plantation W in If, Btsaketa, Ac, C-trpetinirs ntid CrttM M-:ter i il-. Silks and Kiefs Dre Guild, Cls-aba, M intill mm4 Si,., wis. TcnaM ash. Om Prio Only. Much 17. 1 054 34 ly CAROLINA INN, BY JENNINGS B. KERR. Charlotte, Ji'. C Jinu.try 28, 153. 2tf WINDOW SHADES, tVVTAlN GOOj MATRASSES Paper liaiisiiiss, AT GREAT RARttAlXS. "UK Hiibscribcr has in store, of his own MnafaetfHrc and importation un enormous stock of WINDOW SHADES, i!t ' orQiers, Piper iIan;iriTs, Matrasses, Sotia Delaines, Daaaaskv, Laea and Uolin CartaiuK, Tjsc1s, I.oojjs, AVc. All of whicfa arc oiVi rcd at pi. ecu i!i a are mpmtt iiiali 4 by ail damn buyers mud economical luu.i-Let- pass. H. W. KINSMAN. 177 King t. Mar 24, '54 ly Charleston, S. C. " Mining Machinery.'' C ORNISH PUMPS, Lifting and Foicir-fr, Cornish Crushers, Stamps, Steam Engines, and grneial Mining work, made by the subscribers at short notice. LAN(i. COOK A: CO.. Hudson Machine Works, Refer to HuJ on. N. Y. Jas. J. Hodse, Esq., New-York, june 2. 154 43-y 2STorris "Worixs, Aci' 'i istorrn, i'rtn. THE subscribers manufacture Mining Machinery, as ollows, viz : The Cwmmi Pvmpirg EnOIxk, high and low pressure Pumping, Stamping and Hoisting Steam Engines; CobSISS 1'imts, Sta.vts. Cri sui:rs, WiNcur.s. InoN Blocks. .Pi i.i.kys ol all sizes, and every variety ol" Machinery tor Mining purposes. THOMAS, CORSON & W EST. june 0, 1S.'4 45-1 f MEDICAL NOTICE. DR. P. C. CALDWELL rasa aeassiali I his son. Dr. JUSEPH W. CALDWELL, with bias in the Prue. ticc ot .Medicine. OlRc.-, 2nd story in Elms' new brick building, near the Courthouse. March 24, 1654. 35-tf N. B. All pcrons indebted to me by accounts are requested to settle the same at an early dav. Mar 24 P. C. CALDWELL. The American Eotel, CHARLOTTE, N. C. I BEG to announce lo my Iri-. nns, the public, snd pres ent patrons ot' the above Hotel, thnt I h.ive leased the same lor a term of year from the 1st SS January next After which time, the entire properly w ill be thorough ly repa'cd and unstated, and the house kept in first class style. This Hotel is near the Depot, and pleasant ly situated, rendering it a desirable bouse for trav ellers and families. Dec 16, 1853. 22t C. M. RAY. MARCH Ac SHARP, AUCTIONEERS and COMMISSION MERCHANTS, COLI MBIA, S. C, T71LL attend to the sale of all kinds of Merchandise, W Produce, eke. Also, Keal and Personal Property. Or purchase and sell Slaves, ace, on Commission. Sales Riom No. 12.1 Richardson street, and imme diaMy opposite the United States Hotel. Feb 3, 1S54 KO. U.HAECU. J. M . E. SHARP. Livery and Sales Stable, BY 8. H. Kill. AT the stand formerly occujga" by R. Morrison, in Charlotte. Horses fed. hiffT and sold. Good ac commodations for Drovers. The cuatom of his friend.--and the public generally solicited. February 17, 1854. S0-y Jmt Charge II. A fKSTCH FOR NEW BEGINNERS IN LIFE. BY AUSTIN C. BVRDICK. Charles, what did this peach preserve cost?' 4 I'm sure I don't know, Hannah.' But you bought it this morning. I know I did, but I didn't ask the price of it.' 4 Did not you pay for it V No. Why not 7' O, because F couldn't stop to make change. I have opened an account uiih Mr. Waldron and shall j'reaflfr se:il once in three months. This cnvf rsation was going no at the fen-table ; I betwera Charles Marthtiwa and his wife. Mathews M a young mechanic who had just commenced i housekeeping, and as he was making excellent I wages lie could all'ord to live prettv well. After! he hud made known his arrangements to his wile she remained some lime in silent thought. 4 Charies,' she tit lengih said, in a vpry mild persuasive lone. 4 I think it would be belter to j pay lor things as you take them. You know you ' receive your pay lor labor every Saturday night, and you could pay as you jo very easily.' 1 know 1 couid,' returned Mr. Mathews, with tlx; air of a man who had unanswerable arguments at his command ; ' bul then it would nor be near j so handy. You see, if I pay my store bill on.-e a quarter I shall save all the trouble of making I change, und shall not only save time, bul also avoid mistakes.' ' Misfakr s !' repeated Hannah. 4 How can mis- ; taks occur when vou oat for thintrs as vou tret I them V i I will tell you. Sometimes it may not be j convenient to pay for a thing when I gel it I may j forget my money, or I may only take it on trial j then if I pay for a part and not for all, some j things may get charged which I pay lor. No ; Hannah, a settlement once a quarter will be the ; best and most convenient all around, I am sutisfi- ea oi n. ' Well, perhaps it may,' said the wife, with an earnest tone and jok, and yet with a smile, 4 but I cannot think so.' 4 But why not V ' Why, on all account. In the Mrs' place, you will buy more !han vou would if vou n iid cash. 1 Now you needn't shake your head for I know it. ; Tl.ere are many little luxuries, little extras, which I we do not need, but which you will be apt to buy ! if you do not have to nay the cash down. 1 know i . .... J . . ... something ot this credit business, and it is not a ; fair thing. In the second place, if vou pay cash ; for every thing you will get your goods cheaper. I A trader will sell cheaper when he can have the j money in his hand than when he has to carry out j l be amount in his ledger.' ' But lei me tell you, Hannah, that Mr. Wal j dron will not cheat. He is not the man to take j advantage in that way.' 4 You misunderstand me, Charles. Do you not know- that nil traders can afTord to sell cheap I er (or cash than lor credit? Mr. Waldron for a live dollar hill, would let you have more sugar .1 l. ... ! J (.. . L . I . it null in- v.uuu mi me semie amount einereu at ci!l ferent limes on his ledger. He couid u.'Jbrd to do so. Traders like to secure cash customers. I think you would find it to our advantage to trv the cash system. Now I do not believe you would have bought that peach preserve if you hud had to pay 'he cash for it." 41 Bul I bought that just to please you, Hannah, ami I thought you would accept it gratefully,' re turned ihe young husband, in a tone that showed his feelings were touched. I know you did. Charles,' said the wife, lay ing her band affectionately upon his shoulder, and 1 was grateful, for ! know you would do anything io pi. asn me ; but for the sake of helping you I would forego all sucli thinjzs. Pes bans ' and the wife spoke very low- ' vou mioht be able to buv a little collage of vour own one ol these days. For several days Charles onlv sent home such things up from the store s were actually needed. At length, as he went into the store one morning on his way to his work, he S'iw some splendid i looking pickles in fancy jars. He had ordered the articles he needed, and was about to leave, when Mr. Waldron spoke: 4 Mr. Mathews,' said he 4 don't you want ajar! of these pickles. I carried inv wife in a inr last i 0 as I evening, aad she thinks them superior to anything 1 : she ever saw belore.' Now Charles knew thnt his wife had plenty of i plain pickled cucumbers, some thai her mother ! had put down for her, but Mr. Waldron s wife hud bad some'of these fancy ones, and w hy should not Hannah ? 4 Stial! I send you up n jar V ' How much ar they ?' I 4 Only a dollar.' 'Yes, ou may send it up and just charge it rf : you please.' ! ' O, certainly. Anything yon want you may order at any time, and you may be assured we j I shall be happy to accommodate you.' Now this was flattering to young Mathews1 feel- j ' ings, lo think th it the trader had such confidence j , in him, and he went away wiih an exceeding good i opinion ot himself and his credit, and to ihe store- j j keeper in particular. J 4 Only a dollar !' Yes only a dollar on the j ledger t fiat is nothing. But a dollar right out of ( one's pock that is different Charles vnuld not ; ; have bought these j ickhs if the cash had been re- j quired for them. 4 Ah. Mathews, look here: I've got something '' to show you.' This was said by the trader to the j young man on the very next morning after the j purchase of the pickles, j And so Mr. Waldron led our hero out to ihe back side of the store and opened a box. 4 There Mathews ain't these nice oranes ?' 4 They are nice," replied Charles, and so thev really were. 4 I know your wife wou'd like some of iKent. I carried some in to my wife, and she wanted me to save her (our or five dozen.' 4 These are nice. How do ihev come?' 4 Lei's see ; I can send you up three dozen for a dollar. 1 got them cheap. Vou know they are retailing at five and six cents a piece.' Yes. Weil you may send me up three dozen. Just charge them if you pleass.' 4 Certainly. Anything else this morning?' I believe not.' And so Mi. Mathews went on. This morning it would be a dollar to morrow perhaps fifty centt I and then again perhaps onlv twenty-five cents. It didn't seem much. T he young man kept just I so much money in his pocket as though he hadn't j bought item.' 4 Only a dollar,' he would say to ; himself. 4 That isn't much out of twelve dollars l a week.' Ami so it might not be; but the Irou- j ble was thai the next dollar was also onlv a dollar, j He forgot to edd this ddllar w iih ihe termer did- j lar, and call it 4 two dollars,' and with the nexti doi!r and call it 4 three.' and so on. One evening Charles came home with a new gold chain attached to his watch. 4 Where did vou gel that ?' asked his wife. 4 Ah,' returned the husband, wiih an impressive shake ot the head. 4 I made a bargiin in this chain. Now guess what I paid for it V 4 I'm sure I can't guess.' 4 O, but try uoss something.' 4 Well, perhaps ten dollars.' 4 Ten dollars !' eehoed Charles with a sort of disappointed look. 1 Why, w hat are you thinking of?' Jack Cumn.ings bought this chain two months ago, and paid twenty dollars cash lor it. Why, just heft it and see how heavy it is. Eigh teen carats fine. J.ick was hard up for money, j and he let me have it for twelve dollars.' 4 It is cheap, to be sure,' returned Hannah, but : yet with not so much pleasurable surprise as her ' nusuand had anticipated. 4 Hut, she added ' you did not need it, and I fear you will feel the loss of tiie money. 4 Pooh ! I have money enough. You know- 1 have not spent much money lately. I have been pretty saving.' ' But you forget our thigs, Charles The money you have on hind is not yours.' ' Not mine V 4 No. It belongs to the store-keeper, and to the butcher, and our landlord. You know they must bo paid. 4 Don't you fret about them. I know it don't cost me any where near twelve dollars a week to live, for I have made an estimate. There is Wil li ins, who works right by the side of me in the shop, he has four children, and only gets the same wages lhat I do und yet he lays up some three or four dollars every week, besides paying his rent.' 4 Yes,' said Hannah, ' 1 know he does. I was in to see his wife the other day, and she was tel ling me how well they were getting along. xMr. Wilkins takes his basket every Saturday evening and goes over to the market and buys his week's quantity of meat and vegetables, and trades for : cash, so that he gets everything at the best advan- ' tage. So he does at the store. He lays in a quan- j tity of all those articles which will keep, and buys them as cheap as he can. Butter, eggs, cheese, apples, and so on; he buys when the market is full, and when they are cheap, and he always i i buys enough to last his family over the season of ! scarcity, when such things are high. His butter, I ! for instance, he bought for eighteen cents n pound ' j a whole firkin of it and it is much sweeter; l lhan that for which you paid tweniy-eight cents ' I j este rda v.' 4 Twenty-eight cents ?' repeated the young man, ' ! in surprise. j 4Yes. I asked Mr. Waldron's man who brought i it up, ant he said it had risen to twenty-eight ' ! cents. Mr. Wilkins cot fiftv dozen of eoos some ; I lime ago for twelve cen's a dozen, and his wife : ; packed them down, and they keep well. You will , i have i o pay Mr. Wnloron thirty-three cents for ' i those he sent up vesterdav.' Charles Matthews was somewhat astonished at this view of the case, but tt could nol be helped now; and the subject was dropped. His gold chain had lost i;s charm. It did not look so well, ! even in his own eyes as had the simple black cord j which he had worn before. At length the end of (he quarter came around. The first bill paid was the rent, which amounted lo thirty-one dollars. The next was the butcher's j bill, winch carte to thirty-six dollars. Charles was astonished to see how the meat bill footed up. j Hut when he saw how many steaks he had had at seventeen cents per pound the cause of wonder ! was at an end. Next he paid the baker's bill, j which was thirteen dollars. When he came home j in the evening he had paid all his bills except the grocery bill. 4 Waldron sent in his bill to-day,' his wife said after supper. Ah, did he? let me see it.' Hannan brought it, and Charles looked at it. He was astonished at its length, and when he , came to look at the bottom of the column his face j turned a shade pale. It footed up just sixly five dollars an average of five dollars per week ! 4 This is impossible!' he uttered as he gazd upon it. But he examined the different articles, ! and he could remember when he ordercd them. Those things w hich cost 4 only a dollar,' looked I very innocent when viewed alone, but in the ag gregate had a different appearance. How much shall you lay .up this quarter, Charles?' kindly asked the w ife, as sho caae and leaned over her husband's shoulder, and parted the hiir on Iws forehead and smoothed it back. 4 How much shall 1 lay up ?' he repeated. 4 Not much, (iet the slate and let us reckon up.' Charles was resolved lo be frank about the matter, and let his wife know all. The slate was brought. First Hannah put dow n one hundred and fifty-six dollars as the quarter's wages. Then came she rent, and the butcher, and the baker. 4 Now you may put down twelve dollars for ibis chain and twelve dollars for sundries that means cigars, tobacco, nu's, beer, soda, theatre tickets, and such like thinos. Now take all thai from my quarter's wages, and see how much re- mains. j Hannah performed the sum, and gave fifty-two dollars as the result. 4 Fifty-two dollars!' uttered Charles, sinking ; back into his chair, 4 and we have not bought our articles of clothing nor of furniture. Fifty-two dollars with wfcch to pay sixty-five. There is ; thirteen dollars short (his quarter; and I had meant to save thirty at least.' Well, it's no use to mourn over it,' said the wife, in a cheerful tone, for she saw that her hus band felt badly. ' hit's cnmmi-rice sgiin. There's nothing like trying, you know.' For some moments Charles remained silent. He gazed firs! upon the bill he held in his hand, then ! uoon the figures on the slate, and then upon the floor. At last he spoke. There was a peculiar light in his cyrs, and a flush upon his countenance. 4 Hannah, I see where the irouble is, and I must freely admit that 1 have been wrong. If I h.id I paid for everyihir.g as I bought it I should not j have been where I now am in pecuniary matters, You were right. 1 see it all. I have not esti-j mated the value of money as I ought. Let me j once get up again to where I began, and I will do differently. 1 must step down to the store this j evening and pay Mr. Wnldron what I have, and the rest I will pay him when I am able.' 4 That matter can be easily settled ,' suid Han- i ah, wi'h a bright, happy look. I have more than enough to make up the amount ol that bill. It is money I had when we were married. Wait , without a parallel. But the pestilence has swept a moment.' j by, and restored salubrity invites the absent to their Charles protested most earnestly against taking1 homes, and then the return ol business to its ortlina Tlis wife's money, but she would listen to no argu- i.ry channels. . If the earlh ba rewarded ihe labor ment on that subject. It was her will and he must ihe husbandman less bouarifuHy than in prece- submit. So he went down and paid up thp groce ry bill, and on his way home he sold his gold chain lor fourteen dollars. He felt happier when he once more got the old black cord about his neck, and he had money now to commence the I quarter with. On th next Monday morning the young man went into the meat store to send home a piece of beel lor dinner 4 How much will you have?' ask' d the butcher. 4 O, three or four ' Charles not thus far, and then he stopped. He had always been in the habit of ordering an in- definite quantity, and leaving the butcher to cut it off at the highest figure, and charge the highest price; and then ho remembered how much was usually wasted. 4 Let me have two pounds,' he said. He stop ped and saw it weighed, and then paid for it. When he went home at noon he found that his two pounds of beef had made enough, and there was none to waste. The next morning he went to the store. Mr. Waldron had some nice figs, just come in, w hich he showed. They were only a shilling a pound. For a moment Charles hesi tated, but as he remembered that he had got to pay for all he bought he concluded not to take them. He found that things were not so enticing when it required cash to get. them as when the payment could be postponed. He paid for what he bought and went his way : and thus things went on through the week. When it came Sat urdav night he knew that all the money in his pocket was his own, after d -ducting the rent. That evening he went over to the market with Wilkins, and bought as much meat and vegetables as he thought would last him through the week. He found that he had made a saving of at least 20 per cent, by this operation, and when the oppor tunity offered, he made the same saving in other matters, At the end of that quarter Charles Matthews did not hive to get any ulate. He paid his house rent and found that he had thirty-five dollaus left in bis pockit. That was all his he did not owe a penny of it. 'Ah, Hannah,' he said, as he held the money in his hand and looked at if, 4 now I see how easy it is for a man to be wrong and his wife r'ght. This money all comes of paying as I go along. It is very easy and simple to say 4 just charge it, and a man can easily buy things under such circumstances, but when the day ol reckoning comes these three simple words, that sound so innocent when spoken, are found to be costly things. I would nol have believed it until I tried it. I could not have believed lhat a man would have purchased so many useless articles simply became he could have them charged. But I see it now, and if 1 refused to follow vour advice at first, I have gaiffisd experience enough to follow it more explicitly now.' Charies Matthews never again allowed himself to be led away by the credit system ; but hu fol lowed ihe cash rule punctually, and the conse- que nee has been that he can not only buy any quantity of produce, wood, coal, etc., at cheap cash prices, but he has cut off the expense of house rent, for he owns a snug litile cottage in the suburbs, and it is all paid for. The Death of Randolph. Randolph in fast declining health, reached Philadelphia, whither he went to take passage from that port. He was too late for the Liverpool packet. He exposed hims'df to the inclemency of j the weather, took cold, which aggravated his dis- I ease, and hastened its fatal termination. He was ' put to bed his deathbed m his lodgings at the 1 City Hotel. Toe idiosyncracies w hich had, of J late years especially, marked his demeanor, dis- 1 tinguished the last hours of his life. The sudden j bursts of petulence which disease wrung from i.:. . ,u.. ...,: I. : I . 1 ...k;..u . nun , nit: ducking Miiuut-suiiu ichuchk-h inuii ; disease could not wholly tuKe irom htm; the ed irom the legitimate exercise of sovereign rights, rambling conversation in the intervals of acute j belonging alike to all nations, and by many line suffering, in some pass.igns, as brilliant as ever i rally exercised. Under such circumstances it the last gleam ot the sinking lamp ; the groanings T ,.... ...1....U : f I.:. . l;r wi icwwm, wincn a ii-vicm ,,i ms pmi me, m inu- bar of a stern self-judgment, drew from his con- I trile heart ; the fervid prayer ; the hosilating hope ; the trust qualified by self-condemnation, in the Saviour whose name he professed; the concluding j act ere (he curtain fell upon the last scenes of : earth, propped up by pillows, he called witnesses i j io his confirmation of his will, providing for the I freedom and support of his slaves, and the last conscious words, which fired his eye and Beaded his sinking frame, as, speaking in this connection, be laid his skeleton hand strongly upon the ; shoulder of his faithful servant, John, and said with emphasis "especially for this man." And then this last charge upon his conscience rjff ( his mind wandered away lo the light, and the scenes, and the friends of the early days; nnd, 1 the muttermgs of the voice growing gradually fainter, as he passed on into the thicker shadow's I of the D irk Valley, the fluttering pulse stood still ; and John Randolph, of Roanike, was numbered with the dead! (May 24th, 1883, aged 60.) They carried him buck to his solitary home, and buried him in death as in life, unsocial and i isolated in the forest of Roanoke. In the soil j of the Virginia he loved so well, ihey laid the j corpse of her faithful and devoted son. They left ! j him to rest, afler the long fever of his troubled j ' dream of life was over, in an humble and srques- ; i lered grave, beneath two stately pine. There let him sleep on ! The gloom of their shade, and the melancholy sighing ol tho wind through their j boughs, are fit emblems of the life which was I S?. 2? rrrVtV. Part, Under. ' v 1 PRESIDENT'S JMBMACIE. Fellow-citizens of the Settatc end of the House of Representatives: The past has been an eventful year, and will be hereafter referred to as a marked epoch in the history of ihe world. Whih we have been happi ly preserved from the calamities of wr, our do mestic prosperity has not been entirely uninterrup ted. The crops, in portions of the country, have been nearlv cut off. Disease has prevailed to a greater extent lhan usual, and the sacrifice ot hu i'J .... ill! ! man lie, through casualties by sea anu lana, is ding seasons, it has lelt him with abundance lor domestic w ants, and a large surplus for exporta- inn In ih,. nresent. therefore, as in ihe past, we find ample grounds for reverent thankfulness to the God of Oraceand Providence, lor His proiecung care and merciful dealings wiih us as a people. Although our attention has been arresied by painful interest in passing events, yet our country feels no more lhan the slight vibrations of the con j vulsions which have shaken Europe. As indivi i duals, we cannot repress sSmpathv wiih human suffering, nor regret for the causes which produce it. As a natron, we are reminded, that wfl atever interrupts the peace, fir checks the prosperity, of any part of Christendom, lends more or h ss to in volve our own. The condition of states is not un like that of individuals. They are mutually de pendant upon each other. Amicable relations be tween them, and reciprocal good will, are essen tial for the promotion of whatever is desirable in their moral, social and political condition. Hence it has been my earnest endeavor to main tain peace and friendly intercourse with all na tions. The wise theory ol this government, so early adopted and steadily pursued, of avoiding all en tangling affiances, has hitherto exempted it from many complications, in which it would otherwise have become involved. Notwithstanding this, our clenrly defined and well-sustained course of action, and our geographical position so remote from Eu- rone, increasing disposition has been manilested by some of its governments to supervise, and, in certain respects, to direct our foreign policy. In plans for adjusting the balance of power among themselves, they huve assumed to take us into ac count, and would constrain us to conform our con duct to their vies. One or another of the pow ers of Europe has. from time to time, undertaken to enforce arbitrary regulations, contrary in many respects to established principles of international j law. That law, the United States have, in their foreign intercourse, uniformly respected and ob- ; served, and they cannot recognise any such inter pnlations therein, as the temporary interests of ; others may suggest. They do not admit that the sovereigns of one continent, or of a pariicular com mumtv of States, can legislate for all others. I Leaving the transatlantic nations to adjust I heir politicr I system in the way they may think best for their common welfare, the independent powers dations. In war between lhat power and ihe of this continent may well assert the right to be United Slates, without resort on our part lo our exempt from all annoying interference on their ; mercantile mariise, the means of our enemy lo part. Systematic abstinence from intimate politi- ii fhet injury upon our commerce would be tenfold cal connexion with distant foreign nations, does greater than ours to retaliate. We could not ex not conflict with giving the widest range to our for- tricale our country from this unequal condition, eign commerce. This distinction, so clearly mark- ' with such an enemy, unless we at once departed ed in history, seems io have been overlooked or from our present policy , and became a great naval disregarded by some leading foreign States. Our pow er. Nor would ibis country be belter situated refusal to tie brought within, and suojected to their ! peculiar system, has, I fear, created fa jealous dis- I j trust of our conduct, and induced, on their part, occasional acts of disturbing effect upon our for- j t ign relations Uur present attitude and past course give assurances, which should not be ques tioned, mat our purposes are not aggressive, nor 1 threatening to the safely and welfare of other nn- j tions. Our military establishment, in time of j peace, is adapted to maintain exterior defences, and to preserve order among the aboriginal tribes within the limits of the Union. Our naval force is intended only for the protection of our citizens abroad, and of our commerce, diffused, as it is, over all the sens of the glohe. The government of the United States, being essentially pacific in policy, stands prepared to repel invasion by the j voluntary service of a patriotic people, and pro- j vides no permanent means ol foreign aggression. ! These considerations should allay all apprehension, that" we are disposed to encroach on the rights or i endanger ihe security of other States. j Some European powers have regarded, with disquieting concern, the territorial expansion of ! .1 . rT:..i 'Pu:.. : j . .l l ....... ! me uiiut-u oidies. i m rupiu growm nas result- could hardly have been expected that those among . 1 i :l l . i immi, which nave, wiimn a comparauveiy recent; period, subdued and absorbed ancient kingdoms, planted their standards on every continent, and I now possess, or claim the control of, the islands of j every ocean as their appropriate domain, would ; look with unfriendly sentiments upon the acquisi- j lions of this country, in every instance honorably ' obtained, or would fee! themse'vpa justified in im- pming our advancement m a spirit or aggression ; or to a passion for political predominance. j Our foreign commerce has reached a magnitude ; and extent nearly equal to that of the first mari- ! time power of the earth, and exceeding lhat of any j other. Over this great interest, in which not only j .nir merch ints, but ll classes of citizens, at least : indirectly concerned, it is the duty of the execu- ' nve ano leg.sianve Drarches ol ine government to exercise a careful supervision, and adopt proper j . . .w ..w " i vii. i v iL have had in view In regard lo this interest em- : oraces its luture as wen as its present security. Long experience has shown that, in general, e l- .1 when the principal powers of Europe are engaged in war, the rights of neutral nations are eodan- f gered. This consideration led, in the progre,g of the war of our independence, to the form .tion of j iKn AoloKe'jfnn rinlolns-itt t , a m , . A , s l.. ft the celebrated confederacy of arnv-d neutrality a prim-try object of which was, to anserl lf!e dc Icme, that free ships, make free goods, except in the case of articles confrahand of war: a doctrine which, from the very commencement of our na- nonal being, has been a cherished idea of (he statesmen of this country. At one period or - " tSttZi i ' 1 r. , and it might lue Uen hopwd that il wWdcunyo to lie universally received and repect-d aa a tide of internatimisi lw. But the refusal of one I power prevented thin, snd in the net greal ar i which ensued, that of the French revolution, il fail ed to be respected nmong the bUigwiil t of E irope. Notw iiheiAndtng this, the princiale is generally admitted to be a sound nnd salotT.y one ; so much ao, that, at the commencement of the existing war in Europe, Great Britain and France announced their purpose to observe it for the present ; not, however, as a recognised inter national right, hut as a mere concession for the time being. The co-operation, however, of these, two powerful maritime nations in the interest nf neutral rights, appeared to me to nfford an occa sion, invit.og and jutufyiagv on the par4 of the United Slates, a renewed effort to make the dais- . . . . . . i trine in question a principle -i iu..-r w..-. j by means of special conventions between the aev- eral powers of Europe and America. According- ! y, a proposition, embracing not only the rule, that free ships make freo goods, except contraband a nicies, but also ihe lees contested one, that neu tral property, other than contraband, through on beard enemy's ships, shall be exempt from con fiscation, h is been submitted by this government to those of Europe and America. - Rufsia acted promptly in ihia matter, and a convention was concluded, between that country and the United Slates, providing for the outer- vance of the principles announced, not only as between themselves, but also as between them and all other nations, which shall enter into like stipu lations. None of the other powers have as yet lake final action on the subject. I am not aware, however, that any obj- ctiou to the proposed stipu lations has been made; but, on the cuntrury, they are acknowledged to be essential to the security of neutral commerce ; nnd the" only apparent ob stacle to their generul adoption is in the possibili ty, that it may be encumbered by inadmissible conditions. The Kmg of the two Sicilies has expressed in our minister at Naples his readiness to concur in our proposition relative lo neutral rights, and lo enter into a convention on that subject. The King of Prussia entirely approves of tho j project of a treaty to the same effect, submitied to him, hut proposes an additional article providing lor the renunciation of privateering, ouch an article, for most obvious reasons, is much desired by ua'ious having naval establishments, lerge in proportion to iheir foreign commerce. If it were advpted as an international rule the commerce of a nation having comparatively a small naval force would be very much at the mercy of its enemy, in case of war with a power of decided naval su periority. The bare statement of the condition in which the L'nin d States ewould he placed, after having surrendered the righi to resort to privateers, in the event of war with a belligerent of naval supremacy, will show that this government could never listen lo such a proposition. The navy of ihe first maritime pwcr in Europe is at least ten ttmcs as large as that of the United States. The foreign commerce of the two countries is nearly i equal, and about equally exposed to hostile depre in war w nn one or ine secondary naval powers. Though the naval disparity would be less, the greater extent, and more exposed condition of our wide-spread commerce, would give any of them a like advantage over u-. The proposition to enter into engagements to lorego resort to privateers, in case (his coun'ry should he forced into w ar w ith great naval power, is no entitled to more favorable consideration than would be a proposition to agree not to nccept the services of volunteers for operations on land. When the honor or the rights of our country re quire it to assume a hos'ilt; altitude, it confidently relies upon tho patriotism of its citizens, not ordinarily devoted lo the military profession, to augment the army and the Davy, so as to make them fully adequate to the emergency which culls them into action. The proposal to surrender tho rigid to employ priva'.eers is professedly founded upon the principle, thu: pmate property of unol. fending non-combatants, though enemies, should be exempt from the ravages of war; but the pro- posed surrender goes but little wav in earrvinir out that principle, which equally requires that . . ' . sucti private properly should not bo seized or molested by national ships of war. Should the leading powers of Europe concur in proposing, as a rule of international law, to exempt private pro- perty upon the ocean from seizure bv uublic , ' - .. . . " armea cruisers, as well as by privateers, the Uniied States will readily meet them upon' thnt broad ground. Since the adjournment of Congress the ratifies tions of the treaty between the United States and Great Britain relative to coast fisheries and to reciprocal trade wiih ihe British Nnnh A .;,... provinces have been exchanged and some of it. anticipated advantages are already enjoyed by us, although its full execution wus to abide certain acts of legislation not yet fully performed. So soon as it was ratified, Great Britain opened to our commerce tho free navigation of l he river S. Lawrence, and to our fishermen unmolested access o the shores and bays, from which they had been previously excluded, on (he coasts of her North American provinces ; in return for which she asked for the introduction, free of duty, into ihe ooru t i lit' i r ri'ii .mu to at rr nu n t caught on ths This being the same coast by British fishermen compensation, stipulated in the treaty, lor privi. - o -I -' tu'un lu lilt: United Suies, which were thus voluntarily yield, ed before it became elT-e.iw ih r,,.,- ' ieg9 oi me nignest importance and value to ihe to me q be a reason ible one ; but it could not be acceded to from want of authority to susr-mdour a . taws imposing mines upon all foreign fish. In the m -antiuie, the Trsas iry D -p irtm nit istu- d a reg. ulatioo for aacer lairing ihe duties paid or secured uy jtmus m nn caught on Hi- coasts of ihe Brunh K...., uU urougrr to our oi'iik-la hv Rr,;.k ii r i it; i n f i i a ..n.i t . subjects, after tlu fishi no vritiin ti-. l V. i c .' ... - -o s ' umi mauu fully accessule lo the ciuzens of in. iniu f' 15?. ! W '"""hi. eonaid. r- W r.Ty,iou wnrrn winch will be favorabU