. ... - - .too - .- . - - - ---"
PRICE ($2 PER YEAR In Advance.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
A FAMILY PAPER DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, MINING, AND NEWS.
u)t Ifafes -Uistinrt as tfje SSillom, but one ih fft rft."
5 RIFFS M. HEBRON, Publisher.
ROBERT P. WARING, Editor.
CHARLOTTE, N. C, FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 9, 1855.
NO. 29.
VOL. 3.
business arhs, &r.
&. p. wAaiie,
attorney at Lettc,
Oficc in Lontrgan's Brick BuiUltng, 2nd Jloor.
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
THOMAS TROTTER & SON
H
AVE just optned a splendid stock wr a uito
a,,d JEWELRY, SILVER & PLATED WARE I
and FANCY GOODS of nil kinds
fly No.
it, iiran
Mtf itc Row. Oct. 27, lS'.L
J. B. F. BOONE,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN
boot's k ssgks,
LINING AND BINDING SKINS,
SHOl TOOLS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
Charlotte, X. C.
Oct. SO, 1P54. '
I
ELMS 6l JOHNSON.
Forwarding and Commission Merchants.
N O. 10 V E N DU E K A N G E,
CTt A SLESTOTi , S. -
w.
W. ELMS. C. JOHNSON.
J
ill) z
4.
R. HAMILTON,
KMOIII O I?I E lt ' H A ! T,
','m ;.wi ki Ri lekmi i.oi and Liuv I Mi ctttt
COLUMBIA, S. C.
Jane 9 1951 Iy
BR EM & STEELE,
Wholesale ? Hetail
tt v fj n n a hi Jti t
TRADE STREET,
Nearly opposite Eims Spratt's Grocery.
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
Dec 15 20tf
K 511 SI V ROBKOX,
FACTORS & COMMISSION MERGHANTS,
iVuk. 1 oncd 2 AUaitUc Wheuf,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
LP Libera advances ma'.ie on Consignments.
7." Special attention given fotlic sale of Flour, Corn,
vV.: . arnl from r I i'ijj experience in the bus. in s, we
oafi leal at suing sr.tUf.ic'ioii.
M ircli 17, 1854. 31. lv
Dry Goods in Charleston, So. Ca.
it::ovi cV ij n w,
IMPORTERS OF DRY (iOODS,
Nos. 0'J auu ll Ivuitf stri ct, corner of Market Street.
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Pluititini W ml. . Bhn.kots, ic., Csrpetinps and
C'artin MsterialK, Silks and Uich Dr-ss Goods, Cloaks,
.M i mi II is r. ml Sin wis. Terms t.'ash. One Price Only.
March 17, 1854 341y
CAROLINA l.X,
BY JENNINGS B. KERR.
I hit) lotlt, Jt C
Jjnuiiry 28, l-.r)3. 2i(
WINDOW SHADES,
t I TAI GOODS, MATRASSES
A l
3Fi30i- Hangings,
AT GREAT BARGAINS.
rTWE snhserihef has in store,
1 in! importation an ennrinoi
has in store, M his mvh pianuf actart
riuoas sioc;. oi n i.mmmi
t II' - iwttr
SIIADES, Gill "or:iici , Paper llaiiirn t-. -M it r.isses.
Satin Miiwi; Damasks, I.icc anJ Nulin CarUinr,
Ta.scls, i.ooi, ts.t. Ail of which are offered a! prices
tii. l are apr'-iatt:d tiy all i lose uuytrs BUS economical
house-keeper?.
H. W. KINSMAN, ITT King-t.
Mar 24, 'o4 ly Charleston, S. C.
" Mining Machinery."
( ORNISH P(.T MPS, Lifting and Forcing, Cornish
i Crushers, Stamps, Steam F.ueuies, and general
Mining work', made by the subscribers at short notice.
LANG. COOK cv CO..
Hudson Machine Works,
Refer to Hudson, N. Y.
Jas. J. Hodge, Esq., New-York,
iune 2, lf34 43-y
T0"csxx-is Worlts,
Hofi UtOtCH , Ft At.
'PHK subscribers manufacture Mining Machinery, as
I i Hows, fix: Tiif. Coumssi PcuriKa Engik, high
and I v pressure Pumping, Slumping and Hoistini:
Sri vM Eucsixcs; (Vkmsh 'i mts, Stamts. Cri SHKRS,
Wi- .-o. I n, RmrH, PrujcTauf all sixes. und vvers
varietj of Machinery lor Mining purposes.
TUOHAS. CORSON WEST.
pin 0, 105 I 4S-H
DICAL NOTICE.
DWELL has associated his son. Dr.
. C i LOW ELL, wun him in the Trie.
O.liec, 2nd story in Elms' new brick
OR. P. C. UAL
JOSEF, I W
lice of Medicine,
biii!-!:!!'', .i :ir ih
Courthouse.
X itch 51, 1 M I.
. B: All t'Wiai
rcq H slt.l to s. tilt tU-J
3S-tf
indebted to me by accounts are
BUSM at an earlv day.
P. C. CALDWELL.
The American Hotel
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
1BEG to snnounee la my friem's, the public, and pteu
eut pal runs of the shove Hotel, that 1 have leased the
sa m for s term i f yc.'.rs from the 1st ot January next.
Am t which time, the satire property aril be thorough
ly repa:rd mu renovated, and the house kept in first
clSas style. Tins Hotel linear the Depot, and pleasant
ly situsted, rendu ring it a desirable bouse for t.-awllcrs
and famiiios.
Dec 16, 1853. 22t C. M.RAY.
71 ARCH V NHiRP,
AUCTIONEERS amo COM MISSION MERCHANTS,
COLt'MBlA, S. C,
T 71 LL attend to the sale of all kinds of Merchandise,
V Produce, &c. Also, Real and Personal Property,
Or purchase and sell Slaves, &c, on Commission.
Sales R om No. 2d Richardson street, and imme
diately opposite the United States Hotel.
Feb 3, 1851 thos. H. march, j. m. e. shat.p.
Livery and Sales Stable,
BY S. H. RRA.
AT the stand formerly occupied by R. Morrison, in
Charlotte. Horses fed. hired and sold. Good ac- I
couimodations lor Drovers. The custom gf his friends '
and the public generally solicited
February 17, 1?54
30-y
I
CHESTER, S. C.
By J. R. NICHOLSON.
MTHE subscriber respectfully informs his friends
and the public generally, that his house, knov-n
as the "Railroad Hotel," opposite the Chester
Depot, is sill open for the reception of regular and
transient boarders and the travelling public ; and that
he is making every exertion to deserve and secure a
continuance of the kind and liberal patronage which
has hitherto been extended to hi.n. He flatters himself
e necded arrangement has been made to pro-
comfort of all who stoo with him : his rooms
are airy and well-furnished, his servants are attentive
and obedient, and his table constantly supplied with the
best of the season, so that his friends will not want any
attention necessary to make their sojourn pleasant and
agreeable. His stables are furnished with good host
krs and an abundance of provender, and he is prepared
at a moment's notice to supply his customers with pri
vate conveyances of every sort, to any part of the sur
rounding country.
' He desires to return his acknowledgements to the
' public ior past favors, and solicits for the future an
1 equally liberal share of patronage.
I Aug20,l;S54. 5tf JOHN R. NICHOLSON.
Charlotte Marble Yard
T T -
AVING iiisposi-d of our entire interest in the Mar
I ble Yard lo Messrs. Win. Tiddy &. Son, we rccom.
ii. end mem to our inem's,
- a - l
STOWE &. PEG RAM.
September 26, 1854.
r II E subscribers having bought out the interest of
1 Messrs. Stowe & P arani in the Charlotte Marble
Yard, respectfully Under their services to the people of
Charlotte utd the co lntry generally in this line ot busi
ness. They are fuJlv prepared to tarnish
Monuments, Gravestones, Marble
Steps, Table Slabs,
nul other patterns cut lrom Marble, according to the
most approved tistc and styles, and upon the most ac.
commodat ing terms ever offered in the Southern coun
try. The Yard is situated on the North West corner ol
the Charlotte Depot Yard, where the subscribers, or
their agents, may always be fo;ind.
WH. TIDOY & SON.
September 26, 1854. lOtf
First tlass Restaurant
MILLER c PHELAN,
SUCCESSORS TO H. HKCKMAN.
HAVE just received and opened a fresh supply o
pure and genuine
BRANDY,
WINE,
WHISKEY,
CORDIALS,
POUTER,
ALE, &c,
selected by a judge, and warranted unadulterated.
lOO Boxes of p; ii is h Segnrs
of the best and most approved brands, comprising Prin
cipes, Regalia, Rio Hondos, and various others, known
to be as aromatic and fragrant as any imported.
Gentlemen who wish to enjoy something that is very
fine, will always find us with the articles on hand, and
ready and willing to serve them.
H. S. MILLER,
Sept 15, 18..4 8tf M W. PHELAN.
CASH AND SHORT CREDITS!
M. L. HALLOWELL & CO.,
7
TIT
Mi
PHILADELPHIA
Terms.
Cash buyers will receive a discount of SIX per cent.,
it th. monry be paid in par funds, within ten days from
data tut bill.'
Uncurrartt money only taken at its market value on
the day it is received.
To merchants of undoubted standing, a credit of SIX
months will be given, if desired.
Where money is remitted in advance of maturity, a
discount at the rate of TWELVE per cent, per annum
will be allowed.
E7-" Puces for Goods uniform.
In again calling the attention of the trading commu
nity to the above Terms, we announce that notwith
standing the general depression in commercial affairs
throughout the country, the system of business adopt
ed by us more than a year since, and to which we shall
rigidly adhere, enables us to offer for the coming Spring
season our usual assortment of
NEW SILK AND FANCY GOODS,
comprising one of the Largest and most SPLENDID
STOCKS to be lound in America: to which we will re
ceive constant additions, throughout the season, of new
and desirable goods from our House in Paris.
Jan. 19, 1355. 2m
Land for Sale.
undersigned offers for sale his Valuable Planta
i, lying on the waters of Paw Creek, about 6
T
Hiilcs west of Charlotte. On the premises is a good
dwtlling house, with the necessary out-buildings. The
Tract contains 19 Acres, about one-third of which
is cleared, ami under good repair; the remainder is
woodland and well timbered. The whole lies well for
cultivation, and is as productive a soil as any in the
county. Persons desirous of purchasing a valuablo
Plantation would do well to call early and examine. My
Brother, who lives on the place, will give all the inform-
ition required.
A. ADAMS.
Nov. 3, lf .4.
15-tf
1)01) BUSflELS of WHEAT, lor which the
, l M F, V'UU highest cash prices will be pnid, to be dc
livtredat his Merchant Mill in Charlotte, at any time
aftei the 1st dav of September next.
LEltOY SPRINGS.
June 53, 1S54. 4Stf.
MECKLENBURG HOISE,
HAVING purchased the build in on the ror.
i a z 11 11 ,, ., e. ,.. .1 , u . . r ir n ... 1 ,
111 111 iiui tu-riisi oi ncri uuu i, unit
" """"reiia I rri and fittnH it nn in first-nil,' stvlr- I unnlil
I f --- - - - I
respectfully inform the travelling public that it is now
open lor t lie reception of regular and transient boarders.
Drovers will find ample accommodations at my house.
Jan. 12, lt-55. 25-ly S. H. RE A.
Hats.
TUST received and opening a splendid lot of Beebe's
ft and Leary's most fashionable Fall and Winter style
HATS, together with a large assortment of men and
boys' CAPS, Loafer and Wool Hats, of every variety,
at DAVIDSON & MOSS'.
Oct 20 tf
Salem Almanacs for 1855,
FOR SALE, by the gross, dozen, or single eopv, at the
BOOK STORE.
Oct 20, 13tf Chnrlottc.
NOTICE
HAVING sold out to R.N. Carter, all persons indebt
ed to me or the firm ot Robinson & Wilkinson will
please come forward and settle by the 1st of March
next, .or their accounts will be placed in the hands of
an officer fcr co! lection, A word to the wise is su:
ficient." JL If. ROBINSON.
Jan 9, i?W 3rf
Tbe Olden Time.
BY " BLANCH WOODBUET."
Where are the homes, the dear old homes,
The homes as they used lo be,
With the frugal wives, and their busy lives,
A3 they sang right mesrily.
In their apron check, and kcrchiet'd neck,
Till the distaff was spun,
Then hearty with mirth, round the blazing hearth,
They wake the spirit of fun ?
Where the old watch-dog with his lazy jog, 9
The cushioned mouser his ioe,
And Uncle Tim, with his gouty limb,
And his beautiful locks of fnow.
Then the Christmas "crack" from Santa's pack,
The " bon-bons" beyond compare,
They " hide and seek'" and the ' blindfold" freak
Ay ! the strut of the wee one there ?
Where theoaken floor and the quaint latched door
That oped to let virtue in,
While health's fresh cheek hid her bluhes ineek,
And Fashion owned Modesty kin.
When the Blessed Book knew its honored nook,
Its power and authority's sway ;
When the curtsey low and the grief bent bow
Were reverence's primitive way.
When white hands lent to the garments rent
A beauty unknown before ;
And the honest glance ne'er look'd askance
IJt 11 K. I t Kl 1 1 1 l'C. III V i - 1 - 1
When the pattering rain rang the miniature pane, J
Ur tunotul on reoi as u leu.
Like tones afar from a sweet guitar,
Or chimes from some fairy bell.
When the sweet, sweet sight of a holy light
Shone clear lrom the lore lit eye,
And friendship's band, and cordial hand
Were precious in days gone by ;
O. the key to the homes the dear old homes
The homes as they used to be ;
For which we mourn and hopelessly yearn,
Is but virtue's simplicity.
Ladies' Health.
This subject is one that ought to interest all ;
not the ladies only, but also those who have sis
ter.s or wive?, or w ho may one day be bleuseil
with one of the latter. A young man may be
come interested in one of the lovely ones in our
land, possessed ofevery quality to make him hap
py, yet from carelessness, proceeding etlher from
thoughtlessness or want of knowledge, the ricli
treasures of a loving heart and brilliant intellect
are enshrined in a fragile casket. He may woo
and win her to his heart and home, while the
seeds of death are lurking in her system, and in a
few brief years be left to mourn over the wreck of
blighted hopes, and wonder at the 'dispensations
of Providence,' little dreaming that all this pro
ceeded from early neglect. Sad it is when, after
years of patient, loving care and watchfulness, his
home is thus darkened; but far sadder is it when
the cause can be traced directly back to known im
prudence in earlv youth, when, in order to dress
lashkmabty, health had been endangered.
Would that the women of America would arouse
to a consciousness of the responsibility resting
upon ihnn. and firmly discountenance any de
mand of fashion which can seriously affect their
health! Of what consequence will it he some
twenty years hence whether they now strictly
conform to its every caprice or not? but if by so
doing their health is injured, how fearfully will
they then see the effects of their mad folly, not
only in themselves, but, it may be, in their chil
dren also. 4 In a world where we begin with
mothers,' it is not asking too much that they
should see that their own duty is accomplished.
Look at the 'sterner sex,' who, though they va
ry their own dress as fashion dictates, seem to
have a more sensible leader to follow, for in what
particular can you find them sacrificing health to
its demands? They may wear 'continuations of
the Vesuvius pattern,' coats long or short-waisted,
yet they are careful to dress so as to keep warm
and dry.
Look at their feet. You do not see one in a
hundred venture forth in damp, chilly weather
with a thin soled cloth boot. No; they wear boots
with thick soles and high heels, while, on the oth
er hand, you will not see one woman in a thou
sand who, when the rain is not pouring, but when
the pavement is only damp and cold, wears any
thing thicker than a single soled prunella gaiter !
If you doubt my assertion, go look for yourself at
the thousands who walk in our crowded cities.
Now, I ask, why is it so ? Why is there such a
difference? Is it that women are inferior to men
in the possession of good common sense, or is it
that they dress in this absurd manner to please
the eye of man ? If so, he must bear somJ of the
blame, if, instead of boldly contemning their folly,
ho tncouropco thon, ly admiring the hoauty of
feet dressed in this manner. Let fair ladies dress
as they please in their warm houses, or in warm,
dry weather, but for pity's sjke, in cold, winter
weather, let them find something warmer than a
boot which a strong, healthy man would not con
sider sufficient protection for himself against the
dews of summer.
We are called the weaker sex ; but, judging
only by appearances, it is a sad misnomer; for
what mm ever thinks of going out on a cold au
lumn or winter's day with but a thickness of em
broidered lace or muslin over his chest, though
underneath a warm outer covering, which, every
time it is in anywise displaced, lets the cold, keen
air creep into the very seat of lile ? Not ha. He
has his warm coat buttoned up to the chin. He
does not go out with flowing sleeves, with a fur
cuff to keep part of the arm warm, leaving plenty
of room for the cold wind to penetrate around the
upper and more susceptible portion of the arm.
No his sleeves are thick, long and warm. And
why is it that fashion cannot dictate as suitable a
dress for ladies' wear in winter, as she does in
summer, when she rarely errs. She might, with
as much propriety, insist upon our wearing furs
and velve: in midsummer, as in wearing lace che
misetts, lace flowing sleeves, etc., as a promenade
dress in winter. Hoine Journal.
Chableston Longevity. Yesterday a vener
able magistrate, a native of this city, had occasion
to transact certain business in which three other
natives of the city were called together. Upon
cmpanng .ages, it was found that the aggregate
oge of tne. four was three hundred and,. thirty -three
years, or an average each of eighty-ihree years.
Three of the four could yet make their lea miles
in a day without difficulty or great fatigue. ,
. , Charleston 8 'anefnf 4.
Being Sombody.
A FX ETCH FOB YOUNG MEN' AND BOYS.
Come, William, you will go with us this after
noon,' said James Grey to his cousin.
4 No. James, I hnve already given you my rea
sons for refusing,' was the reply.
A fig for such reasons! You can't afford the
time ! Why man, or boy, rathe for you will
never be a man, what is one afternoon, that you
are so afraid of spending it?'
Much, very much, James. I hnve a difficult
plai almost completed, and wish to finish it while
the idea is fresh in my mind.'
That everlasting plea again. Some old ma
chinery, enough to puzzle the brain ol Archime
des himself. Are you going to invent a perpetu
al mot on ? I do declare you are enough to pro
voke the pptience of a saint. Forever moping over
plans, and diagrams, and models, and heathenish
machinery, that would make one think your room
a pagan emple. I expect you will apply for a
patent fo: an improvement in the car of Jugernaut.
But it is to use to talk to you ; for you are joined
to your idols. I would try to be somebody,' he
pettishly continued, as he turned towards the
door.
Would you James ?' was the quiet reply of
William; 1 well, lam trying to be somebody.'
You take a strange way for it though. Here
you are shut up in this dismal room, night after
night, never enjoying a harmless trick with the
rest of us, or giving yourself any of the indulgen
ces that make life pleasant. Even a holiday
makes no difference with you. One would sup
pose you lor'ed the very sight of the tools and
worli-shop, for you have them forever with you.'
' Don't get excited, James,' said William, smil
ing. ' Come, be serious now. Do I neglect any
of my duties ! Do I not perform as much labor
and succeed as well in my trade as any of you ;
and ; s for enjoyment, no one loves pleasure better
than I do. 1 should enjoy a sail with you this
aftert oon very much, but my means of improve
ment are limited, and but little of my time can I
ca'I ny own.
' James, we are machinists, causing gross ma
terial substances to assume sh ipes of beauty and
fitness under the mysterious supremacy of our
wills. Some call this a low, common business, a
mechanical operation ; but it is not so. There is
a mental power to which matter must bow, and
there is nothing higher than to elevate and enoble
our conceptions, so as to make this plastic matter
tubservient to the best interests of man. It is
thus improvements are made. First the ideal then
the corresponding outward form. In my mind
there is shadowed forth, though but dimly '
'Save me from such learned inflictions,' ex
c'aimed James. ' I have no taste for what I can
not understand. Well, William, be a dreamer if
you please ; I am for active life and its pleasures.
Hurrah, for our sail, and good-bj'e to the second
Fulton !
' Poor James ! a mere hewer of wood and draw
er of water,' said William, as he closed the door
and resumed his occupation.
' Where's Will ?' crid several voices, as James
joined his companions in the street.
' Oh, in his room, of course, calculating how
much beetle power it would take to draw an acorn
out of an ant hill.'
' Couldn't you prevail on him to come? He is
one of the best rowers wp havp.'
' Prevail on him ? You might a9 well try to
prevail on an oyster to leave his shell ! 1 was
really vex d, and gnvc him a short piece of my
mind. I told him at leng'h, I would try to be
somebody,' said James, lighting his cigar and
twirling Ins cane after the most approved fashion.
' Gond ! said Harry Gilbert, ' I am glad you
showed your spirit. He is a good-hearted fellow,
if he is full of his oddities, and it may perhaps
start him fiom his burrow. But what did be
say?'
'Oh, after arguing the matter awhile, he went
ofFinto a learned dissertation, in the midst of which
I made my escape. He will not be anybody in
the world, that is the long and short of it.'
James ar.d William Grey were cousins, and
they were apprentices in a machine-shop, where
various kinds of machinery were made. James,
as may be inferred by the foregoing conversation,
looked upon his employment as a necessary evil.
To him it was mere manual labor a given num
ber of blows, a requisite degree of heat, a certain
expenditure of strength in a word, it was toil in
its most literal sense.
William, on the contrary, viewed it with the eye
of an artist. There was not merely the rough
iron to be moulded into some uncared for machine,
but. as he told James, a plastic material, assuming
beauiy by the will of man. He studied, therefore,
not only the mechanical part of the trade, but his
inventive genius was excited. Curiosity led him
to examine the uses and peculiar adaptation of the
machinery he made, till at length his active mind
suggested various improvements.
All his leisure time was employed in the con
struction of models, and his room might have been
taken for a miniature patent-office. The last year
of his apprenticeship was nearly at its close, and
William had not only improved, but invented sev
eral really useful designs.
Looking over a paper one day, he read an offer
of a prize of $1000 !or the best model for a pecu
liar kind ol machinery to be used in a cotton fac
tory. ' Why should not I try ?' said hp.
He understood what was wanted, and day after
day did he study intensely on the subject. At
length he grasped the idea, and it was upon this
he was at work when James urged him to join the
sailing parly.
Late at night his cousin returned, weary with
pleasure, and found him sitting at the table, a seal
ed package before him, his cheeks flushed, an un
usual brightness in his eye, and a peculiar expres
sion on his countenance.
About a week after this, a gen'leman knocked
at the door. It was opened by James, w ho was
alone.
' I wjsh to see Mr. Grey,' said the stranger
glancing with a smile at the peculiar decoration
of the room.
My name is Grey returned James, placiog a
chair for the guest.
' Allow me to congratulate you on your success,
Mr. Grey,' said the gentleman, pointing to a coun
terpart of the model which stood upon tha table.
4 My success f I Jo not onderstnnd you, sir,'
seTd Jiirac.
this
delicate and important machinery f
I am Mr. Grey, but I am not the inventor of
anything,' returned James, bitterly. Here is the
fortunate person, my cousin, William Grey,' he
continued, as William entered.
' I rejoice in your success, young man,' said the
stranger to William. Your plan has met the en
tire approbation of the committee, of which I am
one. My name is Wilson, and I am authorized
to pay you the thousand dollars, and also to ad
vance you another thousand on condition that you
superintend the erection of the works to be estab
lii,id.' William was astonished, overwhelmed, and af
ter expressing his thanks, added, ' I am yet on
apprentice, and my time will not expire within
some three months. After that I will accept your
offer, if you will wait till then.'
An apprentice !' said Mr. Wilson. 4 How,
then, let me ask you, have you obtained such a
knowledge ol mechanism ?'
1 By saving my leisure moments joined to a love
of my business, as involving some of the best in
terests of man.'
Six months from that time saw William in a
responsible office, with a high salary, while Jnmes
was a journeyman laborer with twenty-five dollars
a month.
Well, James,' said Harry Gilbert, a short time
after, ' William is sot)ieboJy, after all.'
1 Yes, returned James, ' I think we judged him
wrongfully once. I would give all 1 have in the
world to live over my apprentice life again. These
leisure moments are what makes the man after all,
Harry.' Congrcgationalist.
From Constantinople.
Constantinople, Dec. 19, 1954.
This day, the 1 8th ol the month, is the great
St. Nicholas day of the Russians, as well as the
Greeks, and i9 kept by their church with greal
solemnity. And as the Russians are in the habit
of using their holidays to accomplish acts ol hos
tilities against the English and French, fears had
been entertained that St. Nicholas' day would
witness a serious attack from the enemy. With
in the last few days, these fears or hopes, as
many would call them, have been strengthened
by the report of deserters and prisoners. Conse
quently greater watchfulness and alertness have
been prescribed this day, and the whole army is
to be called out at a moment's warning.
1 am fully assured that every bosom will be
beating with excitement on the eve of another
engagement. Revenge for lost comrades, daring
emululion of each other's bravory, nnd dolermino
tion to conquer, will actuate all, and will strike the
key note to victory. Inkermann is not yet for
gotten, and if ever the Russians get as soundly
thrashed as then, it will be to-day, should the
enemy dare to attack. "Sebastopol must fall," is
the countersign to which everything else must
tend. Battle after battle may take place, but will
only hasten the event; and breaking down the
confidence of the Russians, Sebastopol will prove
the easier victory in the end.
The present movements of the Allies are all
tending in a most energetic manner to carry out
the one great object of the campaign, and that is,
the overthrow of Sebastopol, and the total destruc
tion of the Russian fleet. For that purpose, rein
forcements are now hastening to the Crimea, as
quickly as possible, andan investment of the besieg
ed city is, I believe, to take place from the north side,
which will be made by the French with the assis
tance o( the Turks.
Omar Pacha, with his veteran troops, will com
mence their campaign on the north side, and with
25,000 Freneh troops, a suflicent army can be
formed there to cut off all communications of the
garrison with friends outside. Such a maneeuvre
is now deemed necessary; for 'it is clear that as
long as egress and ingress be allowed the enemy
in Sebastopol, nothing decisive can be done. It
has been seen that bombardment is of little avail
against a place of such strength as Sebastopol,
and it is but waste of time and material to continue
that aione. The city must bo regularly besieged,
and that not on one side, but on all sides the
north as well as the south. To do that, the pre
sent force is quite inadequate, and must be in
creased. For this purpose, men are going up
every day. As fast as an English or French regi
ment comes here, it is transported lo tbe Crimea
without further delay. Two days ago, the Royal
Albert, on board of which Sir Edmund Lyons
will hoist his flag, left this harbor with 2,350 men
on board, French troops from Marseilles, Other
English vessels are arriving every day with
Frenchmen, who swarm our streets as if in a
second Paris.
And that brings me to another topic, which is
quite interesting in its way. I refer to the fact
that Constantinople i9 gradually changing hands,
and the rule of the Mahommedan is yielding to the
effrontery of" the Frank. Everything tends lo
prove that the days ol Islamism are over, and that
the French will soon form a Paris on the sides of
the Golden Horn. Not long ago, the French took
possession of the large and beautiful Russian
palace, one of the best edifices in Pera, and hither
to held inviolate by the Enclish. The French
for a long time looked upon it with covetous eye, j
but were not prepared to uso it ; now, however,
they are so numerous here, that additional room
is wanted for accommodation, and the pretext was
found for seizing on the Russian palace. Again,
three or four days ago, several gunrd houses in
Gaiala were occupied by French soldiers, and the
Turks turned out into the open streets, not daring
to open their lips in defence. The reason assigned
was, that as such a number of outrages were com.
mated by (he French and English sailors in the
neighborhood, and as the Turks were unable to
preserve the peace, it was deemed necessary to
use a more efficient authority, one with more force
to back if.
And when we consider tbe matter in its most
serious light, and view the subject in all its bear
ings, we must confess that Constantinople would
be a more pleasant residence, and a greater mart
of commerce, if the French retained possession
of it. At present, as is well known, the streets
are badly paved, narrow and crooked; .they are
rot named, npr are the houses numbered. True,
we find the Rue de Pera, the Rue de Grand, and
others, in which wo will see this House numbered
20, ind that one 50; but this arrangement is the
eftVe1! of whim nt eapric, the reV;It of -he tout'
' Are you not Mr. Grev, the inventor of
want of system. Again, the municipal regula
tions art entirely nugatory; those which exist,
being dependant on some Pasha, are never at
tended to. And when we consider all the wants
and necessities srising from this false system of
Turkish sdministration, we will feel no hesitation
in uttering the cry "Give us any civilised ms
tera." 1 am induced to believe that, in a couplo
of years from this time, we will see a fine and
noble city, rising like a Phoenix from its ashes, on
ihe site of the present. Mighty changes, convulsing
both Europe und America, may take place before
then I
rt, ; -dvouudng th oliaug ")" ' An
not altogether decry the present administration of
Turkey, for it has made many beneficial reforms.
And I must remnrk, that more toleration, both
religious and civil, exists under the Ottoman
government than would be lound under that oi
France. Indeed, I think that many restrictions
would be laid on religious sects then which do not
exist now, and that if any one belief should be
patronized and fostered, it would be the Roman
Catholic. Looking at it in that light alone, I would
sooner remain as 1 am, under a Mussulman dis
pensation: but when we view society and literature
and science, and see its stationary position under
the same dispensation, 1 would advocate the
change.
Some curious scenes happen now and then in
the streets, since the influx of foreign troops.
Two day b ago, I was walking past the Church of
St Marie, in the main street of Pera, when an ad
vancing crowd drew my attention. In tho midst
appeared an English corporal, who had been in
dulging in the "joyoUs juice" of tho grapn, und
was somewhat tight in both senses of the word,
for he was pinioned in the grasp of two Turkish
officials Kavnsscs. As 1 drew near, the said
corporal was expressing his belief that the Turks
were not real policemen, and that though he was
not "going home till morning," he would rather
go home then. To all this rigmarole the benevo
lent Kavasses only answered by Bono Johnny
and Haidy English Consonl, Bij'by Johnny, nnd
other kind expressions. Then the corporal would
disclaim at the idea of his name being Johnny.
Although the scene a amusing, and I wus still
more diverted by hearing the consolatory advice
of some English tars, who were lingering about
ready for a mns, and exhorting the prisoner "not
lo let her Majesty's service be abused."
Again, yesterday, I saw a couple of French
men pursue with their drawn swords a lot of
Greeks and Turks, who had been annoying ihem.
The streets was cleared in no time, and then
some English sailors came up, and saying Bono,
clapped the Frenchmen on their bucks, admitting
at tiie same time that the French were English,
and the English were French, which gave great
satisfaction to all parties.
But however amusing these things are, worse
scenes happen at night, for rows nnd fights take
place in Galata between every sunset and every
sunrise. In these the English and Freneh sailors,,
quite tipsy, form one party, and the treacherous
Greeks, fellows who use thtir knives with advan
tage in every dark corner, the other. Almost
every morning nn English or French sailor is
found stabbed in ome out of the way pises ; and
the assassin is not known. In these eases the
blow is generally delivered from the rear, lor tho
Greek is as cowardly as he is treacherous. An
American sailor was dangerously wounded the
other night in a row at Buyukdere.
The American steamer William Penn, Captain
Codman, is here at present, having just returned
from tho Crimea. She was chartered by the
French gotemment, and, as vo understand, wtll
endeavor to secure a charter of a similar nalurw
from the English. Tbe bark Eagle, Captain
Mathews, Is also here, nnd has made a passage of
39 days from Boston. She will probably visit the
Black Sea.
We are happy to mention the arrival of R. C.
McCormick, a promising young man of your city.
He proposes to visit ihe Crimea in three or lour
duys, with a design ol witnessing military opera
tions. Mr. Righler, the ogent of tho American
Bible Society, is also here at present We un
derstand that General Harney, one of our Mexict.n
heroes, had determined on visiting the East and
scenes of war, but some opposition wn made to
this scheme by the Minister at Paris why or
wherefore wc cannot say ? It may bo an anti
English feeling, or in other words, a Russian
manoeuvre !
At this moment, the Austrian question is agi
tating the public mind extremely. We under
stand that Austria has formed a treaty of active
nn.nppraiinn with iho Weatern powers, and that
Prussia has signified her adherence to a defensive
treaty with her. In this treaty, it is stipulated
that the territory of Austria shall be held invio
late, and guarantied from ell foreign intrusion ;
while she, on the other hand, promises to give
effective and active aid to the Allies. This treaty
has quieted the fears of many, who doubted fhe
success of tbe Allies in the coming struggle, and
they believe that Russia will now come down a
little, and moke some pacific demon strut ions.
Whether such be the case or not, and whether any
such be accepted when offered, are question! of
the future, which time alone will decide.
Correspondence Jotfrnal of Commerce.
. . .
Rev. A. C Thorn psoff, an orthodox clergyman,
in Roxbury, has written and published IS book on
"The Better Land," or the future state of the righ
teous. They pass, he believes, immediately into
glory; they go through a change which subject
ively, is greater than that of regeneration ; they
are greeted by angels, who, previously unseen,
have ministered to them ; friends will reeogniao
one another ; the Saviour, wearing the same form
and body, which he had here, will welcome them.
The author thinks that there are at this moment
fourteen thousand millions in Heaven, who were
infants when they went there; the resurrect ioe of
the body is believed in by ihe author, also the doc
trine of the great judgment day.
ma , j .
The Ukdbro round Railroad ix Danger.
A bill was presented in the Illinois Legislature,
on the 16th insf., to prevent the carrying of col-'
or d people o the railroad of that State without
the production of certificates of freedom. Any
railroad company conveying a slave, without such
certificate, to be lixblo to the owner for double '.ho
nine Of the s!avr.