to mm
y. WARING, Editor and Proprietor.
A FAMILY PAPER-DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, MINING, AND NEWS.
; PRICE $2 PER TEAR In Advance.
States JJistintt tfje SMIfotn, bu one ns tjt ea."
VOL. 3.
CHARLOTTE, If. C, FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 20, 1855.
NO. 52
From the Richmond Enquirer.
KNOW NOTMKGISM IWLILKD.
We comply with ihe request of patriotic Dcmo
crits in North Carolina, and to-day publish at
jfngth the Constitution of the " National Council
of the United Slates of North America," and the
State Council of North Carolina, with the Ritual,
Agrees and all the other paraphernalia of t lie
post mischievous and dangerous oligarchy that
ever conspired against civil and religious liberty.
The election in the Old North State is rapidly ap-
1 . , J r.r lrl..nU -.. r m 54 k lt0 a tTfl It U tit
tiroacinii, "u -" o d - -
fig
lit. They feel confident tnat inn people oi .Norm f
- . , . .t i .- ma . . i
I urolma cannot
hesitate as to tneir duty, when
they shall be enlightened as to the trickery and
monstrous purposes of a Secret Order, whose in.
nviiahle tendency is to destroy all individual free
dom of action, and to make Americans the blind
and servile instruments of an irresponsible, Jesui
tical, proscriptive and tyrannical oligarchy. In
North Carolina the Democracy are waging un
compromising war upon Know Nothingism, ex
posing its dark movements and purposea, and
appealing to the intelligence, honesty and patriot
ism of the people. By such a course the Demo
cracy of Virginia laid " Sam " low a similar
result will be seen in North Carolina. All that
he people want is light and a Hood of it in shed
upon the subject by the following publication of
J Know Nothing documents. They explain
r.tinielves and require no comment :
CONSTITUTION OF THE
ftORTU C A MOMMA STATECOOCIL.
ADOPTED JANUARY lbtb. ie55.
Article 1.
ac 1 This body ahull he known bv the name
of the NORTH CAROLIN A STATE COUNCIL;
,nd ahali he composed ol deb-gates .appointed by
t!i- aubordintU- Councils, as hereinafter provided.
Ski-. 2. A person to beC"me a member of any
Subordinate Council in this State, must be twenty
one years of ge ; lie must believe in the existence
.fa Supreme B nig a 'he Creator and Plwrm
(l ilie Uaivrrs" ; lie must be a native burn citizen,
h Protestant, either barn ol Protectant parrnli, or
rrareJ under Protestant inflinric- ; and not united
it imrrige with a Rinnan Catholic
ite. 3. 1 h State Council sh.-. be c imposed of
t tlrleg ,te from each Subordinate Council in
lbs State, to be appointed at the fir! regular meet
iug of the same, that shall be held after the first
f October in each and very year ; provided, that
this section shall not aff ct the tenure ol office,
urtii! the first day of October, 1855, of any mem
larof the present Council; and provided further,
that an appointment may lie at any regular meet
ing oi a td Subordinate Councils ru fill vacancies.
Sac. 4. The S ate Council shall bo vested with
lb loilowins powers, v.x :
It shall be "he chief head and authority of the
Order in the State of North Carolina, subj-cl H
the requirements of the N-tlional Council. It shall
hate ;ioer to eetnblish term aod exdanation pas
words !or the State, and Subordinate Councils in
ihe State, and such other secret work as to it may
warn necessary. It shall have power to exact
hum the Subordinate Councils, annual or quarter
ly statements as to the number ol members under
nheir res pec ive jurisdictions, and also as to all
o:her matters il may deem esseu ial for full and
necessary information. It slmil have the sole
p.wer of forming and establishing Subordinate
Councils in the State, and of granting dispensa
tions or charters lor th- sme provided, bow
rver, that w hen the- State Council is not in s. ssion,
the President thereof may yr.ini such dispensa
ii. q, nd provkkd, further, that no dispensation
orchir'er shall be issued herealter for the forma
nor. of a Subordinate Council, unless the applies
ti ti the rr for be signed by at Irast thirteen full de-fa-
members of Ibis Order, w ho are in good and
ragular standing. It shall have the power to de
r I- (in mode of punishment in case of a dere
ii of dutv on the part of i's officers or mem
bers. Skc. 5. The S ate Council shall hold its regu
1st annual meeting on the third Monday in No
reaaber of each and every year, nt such place in
ike State, as may bo agreed on by the same ut
tlie preceding regular annual session provided,
iiowrvrr. that the President of the State Council
may conveoa the same iu the city of Raleigh, at
ut time he may think the interests of the Order
mperioufcly require it.
Article II.
Se 1. The officers of the Stale Council shall j
b a President. Vice President, Secretary, Treas. J
Jrer, Marshal. Chaplain, Inside Sentinel, Outside j
-"vntinel. and such other officers as the Stale
Comci! my see fit to appoint from lime lo time ;
and the Secretary, Treasurer, and Sentinels shall
-cciuvejuch compensation for their services, as
-he Council may determine.
Article III.
Sec. 1. The President shall preside wten pres
ent, and in his absence the Vice President shall
preside ; ana in the absence of both, the Council
tiall fdert a President mrm lrnt... and th nreaidinjr
office mnv t nil iimPix.il . o,,rl.r ir, ihp,.h..ii- i
bsi such appointment shall never extend beyond
one day,
Sec. 2. The Presidant shall preserve order, and
cause the Constitution and laws to be strictly ob- i
served bv all thn members. His decisions upon j
II points of order shall be obeyed, unless revers- i
.n apprsl. He shall have the casting vote in I
II cases. He shnli sign all orders on the State I
Traaurer for ihe payment of money, and all other '
documents requiring his signature, lie shall fill
U vaencies in tbe State ofW moil th next
rpguUr annual meeiing of the Council. He sha
- ,
lrumit the ritual p.iss words, or other; secret
Wattera of the Order, to the proper officers ol the
'ibnrdinate Councils and cxerciac general su
lfviiou over the Order throughout the State,
'ccording to its Constitution, Law's and usages.
8C. 3. The Secretary shall keep a record of
the proceeding of the State Council; filo all doc-Urnr-nis
connected therewith ; preserve a'l books
afl(l papers belonging to the same. He shall re
ce'v& all monies due to the State Council, and
PJy over the same to the Treasurer; attest all
0rders drawn on the Treasurer for monies appro.
Plated by the State Council, and keep the accounts
?. ,n State Council with the Subordinate Councils.
shall attest all dispensations and orders of the
iat Council, and when directed, summon all
embers to attend its special meetings. He shall
rnsmit an annual report of the slate of the Or-
der. in North Carolina, to the President of the
National Council. He shall conduct the necessa
ry correspondence of the Stale Council, and at
tend to such other clerical business as the State
Council may direct. He shall be entitled to re
ceive for his services such compensation as the
State Council may, from time, to time, determine
upon, not exceeding the sum of 8500 per year,
and shall give such bond and security as the State
j Council may require.
oec. 4. I he Treasurer shall have the custody
of the funds of the Stale Council; keep accurate
accounts of all monies received bv him Irom the
j Secretary, and pay all orders drawn on him by
the PresidenUaud attested bv the Secretary. He
shall keep all his accounts regularly post, j p ;
a book, to be kept for Ihe purpose, at every regu
lar session of the State Council, and submit them
to the same, or to any committee appointed for
that purpose, together with a written report setting
forth in detail the affairs and condition of the Trea
sury. He shall give such bond and security as
the Slate Council may from time to time require,
and in a sum not less than double the amount he
will probably at any one time have in his hands;
and he shall receive such compensation (or his
services as the Slate Council may agree upon, not
exceeding the sum of $100 per annum.
Sec. 5. The Marshal shall obey the orders of
the President in the government and proceeding
of the Stale Council ; shall present officers elect
for installation , receive and introduce delegates
and visitors, and perform such other appropriate
duties as the State Council mv direct.
Stc. C. The Chaplain's duty will be to open the
session of the Slate Council with prayer, and to
lecture before the Subordinate Councils, as mny
be convenient.
Article IV.
Sec. I. All officers of the State Council, pro
vided for in -hif Constil ution (except the Sentinels,
who shall be appointed bv the President,', shall be
elected by ballot, at the regular annual meeiing ol
the Council ; and shall on the last day of the ses-
sion of the sum-, be installed in such manner and
fq rm as the National Council, or the President
iherrof, may establish.
Sec. 2. A majority of the votes cast shall be rif
cessary to an election to any 'ffiee.
Sec. 3. In all sessions of the Stale Council,
forty members shall constitute a quorum, for the
transaction of business.
Ahticle V.
Sec 1. The State Council shall hear and de
cide i i questions of appeal from the decisions of
Subordina'e Councils, nnd may establish a form ol
a ppeal.
Sec. 2. The State Council shall have power to
levy a tax upon the Subordinate Councils, for tbe
support of tbe National Council, to be paid in such
manner and at such times us the National Coun
cil shall determine. It shall also have power So
levy a tax for the support of the State Council,
to be paid at such lime and in such manner as
the State Council shall determine.
Article VI.
The delegates to the National Council shall be
elected by ballot i the regular annual meeting of
the State Council, in November.
Article VII.
Th Slate Council shall have power to ndr.pt all
uch by-laws, rules ana regulations for it own
government, and also for the government of the
Subordinate Councils, as it may deem necessary
for uniformity and tho general good of the
Order, not inconsistent with this Constitution, or
the Constitution of the National Council.
Article VIII.
Sf.c I. The political powers of ihe State Coun
cil shall be limited to the selection of candidates
for State officers, 10 be supported by the member
of this Order which selections may be by ballot,
or V(ti voce, as the Conned may decide ; provi
ded, however, that in the selection of a candidate
for Governor of the State, the State council may,
at its regular annual meeting next before the elec
tion for such officers, either make the nominations
itself, or call a convention of the Order in the State,
at such time nnd place as the State Council may
decide, for the purpose of making such rtomina-
tinns and in case ol the calling ol such conven
tion, thp Subordinate Councils shall be represented
in such convention, as according to the provisions
of this Convention they are to be represented in
the State Council, and subject lo the same manner
and proportionate strength in casting the vote.
Sec. 2. In tbe selection of candidates for all
offices to be filled by the General Assembly, the
! following method shall be preserved, viz :
! For United States Senators, Secretary of State,
j Treasurer. Comptroller, Superintendent of Com
j man Schools, Judges of the Supreme and Superior
Courts, Attorney General, and Solicitors, and all
! other offices now provided, or hereafter created by
j law, whose appointment devolve on the 'General
: Assembly, a majority of the Staie Council shall
i decide upon the candidate to be supported by the
' Order.
j Sec. 3- In the selection of candidates for Con
press, the Subordinate Councils in each Congres-
SlO'lftl LflSirtCl, snail eacn seieci nirce unrgnw,
who shall meet on the second Monday in May, of
. . - . I . 1 . 1 1 1 J ..
i ..... ...... i
each year in which the congressional elections use
place, at the places fixed by law for comparing the
voles in the said District, and proceed to select the
candidates for that District. A majority of all th
delegates from nil the Subordinate Councils in each
and every county, shall cast the same number of
vo'es the said county is entitled to members in the
House of Commons in the State Legislature a
maioritv of the whole number of votes cast betng
necessary to a selection; provided, nowever, nut
in those Congressional Districts in which the law
provides that the returns shall be compared at som
place other than a county town, in such Districts
the delegates shall meet at the county town in
such county, instead ol the place designed by law.
Sec. 4. The selection of condidates for mem
bers of the General Assembly, shall be by in
subordinate Councils in the following manner.aiz:
For members of the Housu of Commons, for
ShertfLCIerks of the County and Superior Courts.
County Solicitors, aad all other officers elected by
the people or the County Courts, if there be but
one Council in the county, tbe Council shall make
tha selection by the vote of the majority -if there
be more than one Council in the county, then
each Council shall select one delegate for every
thirteen members, not counting fractions, iu the
same, and when delegates from the several Couu-
. - , . .... .i .
cils shall have met at such time and place as may
be agreed upon, the majority shall make the se
lection ; provided, however, that where there is
more than one Council in a county, the Council at
the county seat shall have the power to appoint
the time and place forthe assembling county con
ventions for the nomination "of candidates, and
calling general meetings ol the Order in said coun
ty .or the good of the same. In the selection of
cauuiu ues oi oiaie senators, tne same rule snail
prevail, except lhat the delegates from the Coun
cils in tbe Distric' is composed of more counties
than one, shall meet at such time and place as
may be agreed on by them, and then and there
make tie nomination. -
Oku. o. rii the election of candidates for May
or, of Intendant of towns, and commissioners lor
i the stale, the Subordinate Council in such town
shall make the nominations by ballot; and in those
towns where the several wards vote sepemtely
for Commissioners in the same, the candidates
shall be nominated for one ward at a time, instead
of nominating the whole Board by genera! ticket
a majority of the whole number of ballots cast be
ing necessary to a choice.
Sec. 6. In ihe selection of candidates for e
lectors of President and Vice President, the Sub
ordinate Councils in each Electoral District, shall
each select tfiree delegates, who shall meet at
such lime as the good of the Order may require
the ticket to be formed, at the places fixed bv law
for comparing the votes in such electoral District
and proceed to select the candidate lor Elector in
that electoral District. The same rules, regula
tions and provisions shall be observed, as to the
place and manner of making the seltc ions, as
are provided for the selections of candidates for
Congress.
Sec. 7. In any nominations Herein provided
for, w hether by the Sate or Subordinate Councils,
the vote shall be by ballot.
Sec.
8. .Members of this Order who shai! fail
to sustain the nominations of the same for ofli
' "ball be dealt with in tbe following manner, v
ffice,
iz :
A member of the Order w ho shall merely fail lo
vote for the candidate ol the Order, without voting
for any one else, shall, for i lie first ofTence, be re
primanded by the President, in ihe presence of
his Council, and for ihe sec odd offence, shall b--rxpeied.
Th se voting against the candidate ol
the Order, or who ullow themselves to be run as
opposition candidates against the same, Bhall be
expelled. Members of ihe Legislature who hall
refuse to suppor the nominee's of the Stale Council
for offices to be filled by the General Assembly
hall be reported by the President of the State
Council lo the Subordinate Council to Which such
member may belong, to be dealt with ; provided,
however, that in all these cases here provided for
every such recusant member shall, before being
dealt with, be duly notified to appear before the
Council, and be heard in defence and if three
fourths of the Council then present, shall suppose
that tho recusant member has acted i(nornntly, or
from a want of a full appreciation of his obliga
lion, the Council may, by a vote of three-fourths,
excuse him, upon the promise that he will not so
offend again.
ckc. y. When a member is rxnellec by any
one ol the Subordinate Councils, the same shall be
notified to the President of the State Council, with
the name, age, and occupation of the person ex
pelled and the President of tho State Council
shall immediately notify every Subordinate Coun
j cil in the State. The person so expeled to be
j thus published as a perjurer and tr.iitor, unworthy
the notice or regard of ood men : and the Presi
dent ol ttie Stale Council shai i keep on hand blank
notices printed, for immediate use.
Article IX.
In the decision of all disputed questions that
may arise in the State Council, the vote shall 6e
taken per capita, unless a call lor a division by
counties is seconded by one-fourlh of the. members
present in w hich case the vote shall be taken by
counties, a majority of the delegates from the Sub
ordinate Council or Councils in each county re
presented, casting as many votes as the said coun
ty is entitled to members i the House of Com
mons of the State Legislature. In the decision
ol all questions, the vote of the majority shall pre
vail. This method ol voting shall equally apply
in the election of officers of the State Council, and
to nominal! .ins for political office or place.
Article X.
Sec For the entire work of the Order, inclu
ding Ritual, the Constitution of the National Coun
cil, the Constitution of the State Council, and the
Constitution for Subordinate Councils, each Sub
ordinate Council shall pay the sum of five dollars
and for every dispensation and charter for open
ing Councils, the applicants therefore shall pay
the sum ol three dollars.
Sec. 2. Each Subordinate Council shall
pay
an annual contribution of 25 cents for each mem
ber undr its j irisdiction, one half to bo paid into
the Treasury of the State Council semi-annually,
to be paid over by the Secretary to the Treas
urer of ihe State Council ; provided, however,
tint the Subordinate Councils m y be exempt
from the payment of tins contribution, such of its
members as they may suppose ii would bear
heavily upon.
Article XI.
No alteration or amendment of this Constitution
shall be made, unless proposed in writing and
signed by at least seven members of the State
Council, submitted at least one day before its a
dopion,and afterwards concurred in by two-third
of the members present.
OFKICERS OF THF.
NORTH CAROLINA STATE COUNCIL.
PRKSIOKNT,
P. F. PESCUD, Raleigh.
VICE PRESIDENT,
JOHN If. MATHEWS, Elizabeth City.
SECRET A R IT,
W. H. HARRISON, Raleigh.
TREASURER,
E. L. HARDING, Raleigh.
MARSHAL.
S. E. PHILIPS, Raleigh.
CHAPLAIN,
REV. JAMES REID. Louisburg.
ffSf Live for the present exigency ' as the
Advertiser says while it physics the administration
to keep ij alte till after the August election.
Interesting Letter.
'ihe veteran General Swift hus, from his retreat
on tiie banks of Lake Seneca, written to a friend
a letter abounding with reminiscences, which are
rendered the more interesting Irom the distinguish
ed character of the narrator. The gentleman to
whom the letter was addressed inserted it, with
the permission of the writer, in the New York
j Courier, irom which paper we copy it:
Geneva, May 16, 1855.
Dkar Sir ; I have your note of the 14th in
stall, with Vlr. Piumer's remarks about the pro
faulty of Washington, and (Specially as used to
Letial tiie battle of Monmouth. The auLjtrui tar
ries my mind back to schoolboy days, when, with
other boys, I had a place in the procession at the
obsequies of Washington on Taunton Green. The
impression then made promoted inquiry in after
life. 1 have among my papers the trial of Gen.
Chas. Lee, of which court-martial your grandfath
er was a member. That trial records no unbe
coming lanyuayed in nv interview between
Washiigton and Lee. I had long ago heard of
Washington's using harsh language to Lee at Mon
mouth, and, having in 1804 a letter of introduc
tion to Gen. Marshall at Richmond, I inquired as
to tlu iicts. The general said that the story of
coarse language between Washington and Lee
was not true. General Marshall wns n captain on
tbe fielt of Monmouth and near Washington. He
stated tiat Lee's language was decorous, and that
Washingtons' manner and language were austere,
hut not nrofane. My father was introduced to
Washington by Gen. Lincoln in 1784, at Mount
Vernon, and saw Gen. Washington at Gen. Rob
erdeau't and at Mr. Hoe's, in Alexandria. His
remark on Washington's manner and conversa
tion was that they were far from familiar, though
polite, and that there was a grandeur in his aspect.
In the presence of my father I heard Gen. Cobb,
an aid-de-camp of Washington, remark that it
was not easy to be familiar with Washington, and
that he was choice in his language and very rare
ly, personal in his observations.
In the year 1802 I was in Albany with my then
chief, Col. Williams, nnd ihere heard Gen. Alex
ander Hamilton say to Gen. Schulyer and Col.
Williams, that the story of Gen. Washington's
profanity al Fort Lee on a visit of inspection wat
not true. Washington was disappointed at not
finding the. commandant at his post, and express
ed bis displeasure in strong language, but not
with an oath. While a member of Gen. Thomas
Pickney's millitary family in South Carolina, in
1812, I heard his brother, Gen. C. C- Pinckney,
I requently 'mention conversations wiih Gen. Wash
ington. He said lhat he was habitually grave in
discourse, cautious in expression, slow and ac
curate in judgment, but with intimate friends eay,
though rarely j reose. Now, Gen. C. C. Pinck
ip y was rem-irkable for facetiousness and humor
and at the table of his brother was fond of con
versation with young m"n; neither of these bro
thers believed ihe story of Washington and Lee,
the language of the former would be more to un
do the evil then in progress than to expend words
on Le. It is fair to conclude that Washington's
I mind, so well known for coolness in battle, would
be far more engaged in restoring the order of the
day in the pursuit of ihe enemy than in applying
epithets to Lee.
At the battle of Brandy wine, where Washington
had many trials of patience and a disastrous day,
no words unbecoming his position were then re
membered ; f.nd, though assailed by a cabal, in
and out of Congress, for not winning that day, no
unbecoming word or action was then attributed to
him. When Ftiajt was portraying Washington at
Mount Vernon, the servant had been told to main
tain a fire all night in the studio. He failed in his
duty. When the General came in and observed
the failure, Stuart said his countenance fell.
Stut r; began to excuse the servant, but the Gen.
said, sternly. 'Mr. Stuart, my servans know that
I expect obedience.' We have here an item of
the tone of Washington's mind in every day life.
With Gen. Cobb, Colonel Humphries, Major Bay
les, and Col. Trumbull, ail of themilitary family
of Washington, I had the acquaintance which a
subaltern may have with aged superiors. Of them
I asked of their intercourse with Washington, and
though it may be presumed lhat such persons
would not recount small defects, which, if existing
they may have observed, stiil I learned from them
many interesting fac's of intercourse in camp, and
generally that, with kind feeling for all dependant
upon him, he was sometimes vehement in lan
guage to delinquents, but ever just. Indeed, from
those great men who have the natural gift of com
mand, and who possess strong wills, we are not lo
expect a uniform flow of equanimity. I have no
doubt that when the occasion made it proper,
Washington denounced a delinquent in the field
wiih an awful severity, but not with profanity.
The first and third articles of war of 26th Sep
tember, 1776, command divine respect, and for
bid profanity, and it is not probable that Washing
ton would have set an example ol disrespect lo a
law, the enactment of which he had himself coun
selled. I am your friend and humble servant,
J. G. SWIFT.
Daniel Huntington, Esq., New York.
The Basin of tbe Atlantic.
Modern science has made many discoveries in
relation to the ocean, its depths, and its beds or
basins. According to Mr. Charles R Weld, who
receudy made a tour through the United Sta'es
and Canada, the vast sea-weed meadows of the
Atlantic, which cover a sp-.ice of seven times as
large as France, teem with life, and deep sea
noundiugs which reveal ihe sea-floor of the great
est depths, show that the bottom ol tbe ocean is
frequently paved with calcareous and silicious shells
The Atlantic basin is avast trough, bounded on
one side by America, and on the other side by Af
rica, and rising out of this trough are mountains
higher than the loftiest Himaiayahs, from peak to
peak of which huge whales hold their course with
the same precision with which eagles pass from
crag to crag ; and valleys d- eper than any trod
den by the foot of man, within whose oozy folds
ihe great waters lie in perpetual repose. Depths
have been sounded in the Atlantic greater than the
elevation of any mountain above lis surface.
Another modern writer, speaking of this great
basin, says, that could its waters be drswn off so
as to expose this great chasm, which separates
continents and extends from tbe Arctic to '.he An
tarctic, it would present a scene rugged and grand
beyond all description. The very ribs of the solid
earth would be brought lo light, and we should
behold at one view, in the mighty cradle of the
ocean, the sad remains of a thousand fearful wrecks
with their countless humnn skulls buried in heaps
of pearl and inestimable stones, which lie conceal
ed forever upon the bottom ol the deep. From
the top of the Chimborazo to the bottom of the
Atlantic, at the deepest place yet reached by the
plummet in a vertical line, is nine miles. The
deepest part of the North atlantic is probably some
where between the Bermudas and the Grand
Banks. The waters of the Gulf of Mexico -are
hed in a basin, whose greatest jcpth hm uj
mile.
The English and French.
BV WASHINGTON IRVING
The French intellect is quick and active. It
flashes its way into a subject with the rapidity of
lightning ; seizes upon remote conclusions with a
sudden bound, and its deductions are almost intui
tive. The English intellect is less rapid, but more
persevering; less sudden, but more sure in its de
ductions. The quickness and mobility of tire
French enable ihem to find enjoyment in the mul
tiplicity of sensations. They speak &t act more from
immediate impressions than from reflection and
meditation. They are therefore more social and
communicative; more lond of society and of places
of public resort and amusement. An Englishman
is more reflective in his habits. He lives in the
world of his own self dependent. He loves the
quiet of his own apartment ; even when abroad,
he in a manner makes a little solitude around him,
by his silence and reserve; he moves about shy
and solitary, and as it were, buttoned up, body
and soul.
The French are great optimists ; they seize up
on every good as it flies, and revel in the passing
pleasure. I he Englishman is too apt to neglect
the present good in preparing against the possible
evil. However adversities may lower, let the sun
shine but for a momont, and forth sallies the mer
curial Frenchman, in holiday dress and holiday
spirits, gay as a butterfly, as though his sunshine
were perpetual ; but let the sun beam never so
brightly, so there be but a cloud in the horizott.the
wary Englishman ventures forth distrustfully,
with his umbrella in his hand.
Tho Frenchman has a wonderful facility at turn
ing small things to advantage. No one can be gay
and luxurious on smaller means ; no one requires
less expense to be happy. He practices a kind of
gliding in his style of living, and hammers out
every guinea into gold leaf. The Englishman,
on the contrary, is expensive in his enjoyments.
He values everything, whether useful or ornamen
tal, by what it cost. He has no satisfaction in
show unless it be solid and complete. Everything
goes with him by tho sqire foot. Whatever dis
play he makes, the depth is sure to equal the sur
face. The Frenchman's habitation, like himself, is
open, cheerful, bustling and noisy. He lives in a
part of a great hotel, wiih wido portal, paved court,
a spacious, dirty stone staircase, and a family on
every floor. Ail is clatter and chatter. He is
good humored and talkative with his servants, so
ciable with his neighbors, and complaisant to all
the world. Anybody has access to himself and
his apartments ; his very bedroom is open to vis
itors, whatever may be its state of confusion ; and
nll .1. i. nnt ...... r . r i . 1 i i r I . I, .o r . I n 1 . 1 4. C alim.
dll 11119 II '-111 nuy p V.U.IC. I J iiu-j.tmwiv , wnti,
but from that communicative habit which predo
minates over his character.
The Englishman, on the contrary, ensconces
himself in a snug brick mansion which he has all
to himself ; locks the front door ; puts broken
bottles along its walls and spring-guns nnd man
traps in his gardens ; shrouds himself with trees
and window curtains ; exults in his quiet privacy',
nnd seems disposed to keep out noise, daylight and
company. His house like himself has a reserved
inhospitable exterior ; yet whoever gains admit
tance is apt to find a warm heart and warm fire
side within.
The French excel in wit, the English in humor;
the French have gayer fancy, the English richer I
imagination. The former irs full of sensibility ,
easily moved, and prone to sudden rnd great ex-
ci'.ement, but their excitement is no durable ; the !
English are more phlegmatic, not jo easily affect- !
ed , but capable of being roused to graat enthusiasm.
The faults of these opposite temparaments are,
that the vivacity of the French is npt to sparkle
up and be frothy ; the gravity of the English to
settle down and grow mudoy. When the two
characters can be fixed in a medium the French
from effervescence and the English from stagna
tion both will be found excellent.
This oomrset of aharaoter mny nloo bo noticed
in the great concerns of the two nations. The ar
dent Frenchman is all for military renown ; he
fights for glory, that is to say for success in arms. I
For, provided the national flag be victorious, he
eares little about the expense, ihe injustice, or the
inutility of the war. It is wonderfully how the !
poorest Fienchman will revel on a triumphant
bullentin ; and at the sight ol a military sovereign, I
bringing home captured standards, he throws up j
bis greasy cap in the air, and is ready to jump
out of his wooden shoes for joy.
John Bull, on the contrary, is a reasoning, con- j
siderate person. If he does wrong, il is in ihe;
most rational way imaginable. He fights bacause
tbe good of the world requires it. He is a moral ;
person, and makes war upor. his neighbor for ihe j
maintenance of peace and good ordr , and sound
principles. He is a money making personage,
and fights for the prosperity of commerce and ma- j
nufactures. Thus the two nations have been fight- j
ing, time out of mind, for glory and gold. The
French, in pursuit of glory, havn had iheir capital !
twice taken ; and John Bull, in pursuit of gold,
has run himself over head and ears in debt.
'Union Safe."
The Cleveland Plaindealer gives the following
exposition of the grips and passwords of the third
or Union degree ol Know Nothingism :
WHAT' FIDELITY' THIRE DEGREE,
The above are the -pass words' to the Know
Nothing State Convention now in session in this
city. By means of these our special reporter was
enabled yesterday to enter within the 'inner tem
ple and note the doings and sayings of these dark
lantern gentry. We also have the grip of the
'Third Degree,' which consists in shaking hands
by passing the three first f ingers beyond the palm
on to ihe wrist of the brother, then withdrawing
the same to the gripping only of the fore finger.
The salute of the Third degree is to grasp the lap
pel of your coat with the right hand, clasping only
with the thumb and little finger, throwing the three
first fingers forward. It is answered by the per
son seluced going through the same evolutions
with the left hand.
Tbe pass words to this third degree are as fol
lows : You rap an alarm at the first door. The
doorkeeper responds by opening the door or wic
ket. The applicant says 'u.' The sentry responds
'ni.' The applicant answers 'on,' which being
prurfureriHn hill u.ni-on. The npplioant is then
admitted into the first room. He then approaches
the second sentry, gives his name and council to
which he belongs, and, in connection with the
Quarterly pass word, gives the word 'safe,' which
makes the 'Union safe: (!)
The It e dan and the MalakotT.
These now famous towers, (hat may be said to
guard the gates of Sebastopol, are already cele
brated for deeds of valor, on the part both of bo
siegers and besieged, that almost rival those which
old Homer ti lls of, before the walls of Troy, thou
sands of long years since.
The first of these lowers, the Redan, is a hugs
semi circular earth-work, forming, in fact, a part
ol the main fortifications on ihe land side of the
city just outside the walls. Il was originally of
stone, but since the investment of the city by the
French and English, immense- earth-works have
been added to it.
The Malakoff Tower is next north and east of
the Redan; between them are the Ochakoo ravine
and earth-works. The Malakoff stands upon low
ground, near the head of Careening Bay, but on the
southern and western side. The Mmnelon stands
400 yards in front of it, in a more commanding
position; nnd when it was taken by the French,,
the Russians hauled their ships out of bay, as they
were exposed to the guns of the Mumelon in the
hands of the French. Thesa three works wore it
fact all outworks, and have been thrown up sines
tbe commencement of ihe siege, almost in the pret
ence of the French and English, but still they may
be considered as forming a part of the main defenos.
of the city ; whilst the Mamelon, although impor
tant Irom its commanding position, was neverthe
less a detached work, separate and distinct from
the Russian main line of defence.
It is a noteworthy fact, that the unsuccessful as
sault on the part of the allies was made on the
18. h f June, the anniversary of tho Battle of
Waterloo. Possibly ihe purpose was to cement
still closer the union of England and France, by
sinking the mcmorif of that memorablo day ira
the storming and reduction of Sebastopol. A hap
py thought perhaps but terminating in a melan
choly disappointment. New Yoik ExpfCHt.
How it Seemed to Northern Men.
sir
vve
re extract tho follow from tho New Haven
Register. The Palladium, to which allusion is
made, is a Frcesoil Know Nothing organ, publish
ed in New Hiven Connecticut, h mny be seen
from this extract what impression was produced
on the minds of the Northern people by tho con
duct of the Southern delegates at the Philadelphia)
Convention :
' An Affecting Scenk. We learn from tho
Palladium that when the Southern delegates in the
Philadelphia Hindoo Convention Saw that they
were to lose their Northern Freesoil brethren, they
' besought them lo stay, with tears in Iheir eyes
but the Abolitionists ' shook off the dust from their
feet,' and departed. We should like to have seen
that lacrjmose parting that rending of soul and
body which must Inve charactejized the parting
scene among such deor friends! That of Ruth
and Naomi, though remarkable for its disinteres
tedness, did not opproach this in sublimity. We
think W6 see Rayncr and Cono hanging upon the
necks of Wilson and Sperry, and sobbing in thai
agony of grief which knows no consolation, bag
ding thern not lo desert, and offering to give up
everything possible;' while the latter, erect as
two columns of granite, are impervious to the bri
ny effusions and agonizing protestations of endear
ment. It was too late !' the Rubicon vvus pas
sed ;' and with a stoicism worthy of patriarchal
days, Abolitionism filed out of iho hall, leaving
its dejected Southern friends, 'like Niobe, all tears
We trust the sweeper of the hall respected the sa
credness of that grief and allowed the weepers
to dry their tears, beforo ho turned them into the
street.'
Fiout in a Presbyterian Church. The
Gallipolis (Ohio) Journal of lust week bus the fol
lowing local religious intelligence:
" The Presbyterian church in this place has
been in possession of the old School body for tome
weeks past, and the New School, thinking they
had occupied the building some leng'h of lime, on
Saturday evening last nude an attempt to retake it
from the body. They succeeded in breaking a
p inel out of the back door, but the hole was not
suffieiently large to admit a man's body. It appears
the Old School members were absent at the time,
but while Mr. John Smithers waa endeavoring to
effect an entrance, Mr. Henry Miller, an outside
member, remonstrated against the proceedings,
and finally struck Mr. S. a severe blow on Ih9
head with his cane. Finding an entrance mora
difficult than they had imagined, they quietly dis
persed. For the past ten days or two weeks the
church has been in charge of Capt. J. S. Myers.
On Sunday Morning the Rev. Warren Taylor,
lh New School minuter, took occasion to walk in
while the door of ihe church was temporarily open
and aceuded to the pulpit. Myers peremptorily
ordered him to leave the house, but no attention
was paid to him, when he repaired to the pulpit
and ejected Mr. T. by force. Mr. T. offered no
resistance further than to hold on to a knob that
was attached as an ornament to the pulpit, and in
breaking bis hold of it he lost his balance and fell
over the railing to the floor, striking on his back.
We do not know (hat ho sustained any serious in
jury. The church has not been used for public
worship since the Old School body has had pos
session of it, since the difficulty, and it is their
determination to keep it closed until a legal deci
sion may be had as to right of property."
Why are postage sumps like lazy school boys t
Because you have to lick their backs to moke
them stick to their letters.