North Carolina Newspapers

a jii iji i Hi 21 "F Is! $3 VWW A Family Paper, devoted to State Intelligence, the News of the World, Political Information. Southern Rights, Agriculture, Literature, and Miscellany. C- yi M M rp " I ' 1 " M J CHARLOTTE, MECKLENBURG COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. $2 PER ANNUM In Advance ( VOLUME 5. 5 TEH.MS EOITOB AJfD PHOFRHBTOK. O0ico on Mxi Street, ONE DOOR SOUTH OF MANSION HOUSE, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 16,1856. NUfflMli 24. Mill! . - nnm .mBv av -w bp THE -Published every Tuesday Containing rat Kri latest .ews. a rou atMl a cou rt i.f the Markets, fee. car, if pahl in advance .$2 00 If w it! in -i ni"iiti. It" pahl after the r j gr.Vuv m rson i lirntion it' lh( tending iij fl year, 3 (M) ; sah- ...r.i, si -: i 1 1 1 . " ! thr advance sub- sixth copy gTa KcriptKMi ($10) will receive! jis fir "ii- year. ; V Subscribers and others t., .-..- uauiMy us, can da who may wish so by mail, at iHlf risk. ADVERTISING. ( s i mtc of 16 lines or less, lor .! months, $1 no I, 4, M .1 .4 U P.-.. Htonal atir! business Card, not ex ceeding six linen, er annum, 1 1 s.i-i;r, lt lines, or less, tirst insertion, Kach - Vise nient insertion, J Transient advertisement- mu i, do 10 in 5 GO &1 (' t be paid fr in advance, i Kr announcing Candraaton for office, . in advance. I Advertisements not marked nn tlie manuscript fur a specific time, will In- in -m rtiil until ( urbid, a ml charged accordingly WILLIAM .1. VATES. ' :o i a m 7 o ;o it A x x At the Westeri Democrat OIHce. Warrant.-. Marriage Licensesi Tm Receipt?, SubpocnntJ, Jury Tickets, Adaiiid-itratitrs1 Bonds ami Iettcrs, Uaardian lloud., Indeatnre, J)-.m f.r einiverinf' lands or hnttises, Prasecutkn Vnds. jast printed. 1ST Kluk afuli kuMk printed to order jfi mhnri J.".l:- . I slnll h Bt il .'.: i. V. int-r. t'ir tbc pnrpoeti! it :.ti. l..-rtui.-s u in i Ilosnital.s in X--i tte during 1 1 - -ling tic M.-di. al V.-ik and Phila- dolplrin. My 8Ths and aeronnts pn-v"nus t ih.- y.ar .-C4an in tliv 'irarl of Wm. A. I Krens, E"i.,for raUnctnaa. ROBERT lilBBOX, M. 1. Ckarhate, Oct aa I L-tf. OTat II. 5 V l'osKill r.( K i-l itaviUf n: iv ;(. tin- whij-li ucenm-d ia ml- ulace, ;i tlx rmie ui tli - -.'Ith of May !;r us ai;:ii:st unwenats pen otuntii' whieh B.it.'S Mntnrltr il. V. fKC . variMis .vii'.i s on in tins sad and claims, b.--j.!:, . Bi r;t- il! j si: .V Ct., and wlhvrs, ikbii h wwplacrd i:i my band Un cotlrr : i.n: A il ptr nam tin rt-l.n-.pMi)st rhnai bbj itf rnrl claims aw ;' st:niuijr un- Illni 1. at' BT ls;i! liitUR.i . nn! iiiinsfi ill. v iiaii dini.'l v and -iir-r up lie sme, by Hwti or cash, s vo.iii if riuiNiHj m nn-, im n l' . hi Kqui'v. ihen-hy wibj rtinjj sueli i.t-.h:-" :. additiwnal aad uniww. r (- s. s. V. I M ' IS. rimlutt-, Jwrn !'. l-."(i. ii Thr CfcarJottr Vl:ita Fire 6 ntir:tnre i 'ompasiy, ll I INI K J Kin 1J. to take rk agsiiti msfSu IS.xmIs. Ir.dne loss bi ... :, ll-IIAl Lit' t.;j;-- ia lkawl It Minding, up atatra. M. & TAY I AM, Mi m. S. I". ALEX V.VWEK, Vice Presid. .1. A. vm m;. 1 J. 11. WHITE, i J. II. CK'i, KxceatiTc Coaamiitte. :. llVKKMAN, A. C. STEELE, J J. II. WILSON, j.r.t. II NYE HUTt-IIIStlN. Secretary. J.ilv 44, tax il I 'ii rn i t it it . Fmrn it u pc I KREP hand mv f.l '.'-, 1 VET ESTABLISHMENT, tw daara below the p.wt Office, CUar. lottc, :i general asortnti nl 'i I ar,i itarr, w inch I m II mi th'' ni"l r a aunabla ttrruis. and make to order NjthUig in ntf fine. I keep on Band S-'ik Ifetallic Bisrsal Ca, And make ;it tlie slinr'c-t notice Mahogany and other Coffin. Give me :i e ill. .1. II. SAX DE US Charlotte, Sepl !', 1856 tf -1 v Tailoring ;iJ hiuent. JAMES KKI N T nn patrons, thai u luioru has n nienu anti d hi- J AIL- ,i. in OKINlj ESTABLISIIMKN1 ia Spring's now lluildiag, wbere be will U happy to aw any one wanting any thing due iu hia lino. All work mrniaii il Ort. ih. it -tf llarains! B5:i awaits- I I CHINA DEPOT. E NICBOLS k BROTHER, II isiroKTeas or CHINA, GLASS & EARTHENWARE. Also, a jrr.-at variety at Tea Travs. Limn Table Cutlery. Britannia and Block Tin Ware, W I and Ll low Ware, nnd Housekeeping MriUJea zemruilt. NT. XT li"R ! oviMv.Ki I . B.1XK, COI.I !t?B . s. C. I ' Packing warrant! !. Nov. 1 1. I tS& I Mm Town Taxes. 1 PERSONS I . either or all of th.- y ars I v.'-';!-!' aud-'o, are requested 1,1 make immnliati payment. Ail who dining aid this notice, bv railing to j-ty, will and their property advertised for sale, in 5iU daya from this date. Row, voa have fair warn sag. S. A. HARRIS, April 32, 1-:.., f Tax Collector. IVotice. All the No- -Phelan, and lb w Accounts of Wilier A W. W. Phelan hadividn 1 im my hands for rollee- allv, have boen plan rMu. All ! rsens indebted, . to tin- firm or to W. W. Phelan, will take dm- notice that 1 am eanaaeUed t. clear np the bush ss bv Cash, and they aaaat coaM witnetil delay nnd pay up. at Miit will be immediately brought aaaUeeBecl id my hands; these are my iastraciioaa, and they Wi.l .-. rtainlv be acted apon IL If. STERLING, Assignee, N'jv. ;,ih. 21-dt NEW GOODS. VV1 living oar usual Supply of Fall mil Winter (' X 1S whit-Oshall be .id j i a.s tin- cheapest. BREM ,V STEELE. Oct. Ttli. 1856. EMBROIDERIES. Swiss, Jaeouct A. ( lambric Edgingsds Insertings, I lounciugs, Collars, Sleeves, nn! white. LUKM A- STEELE. Seal Lace Oct 7. 1 S.-t-356. , blr.ck BOLTING CLOTHS. BREM & STEELE. 1865- o t. r. HARDWARE Or' ALL KINDS. r.HK.M STEE L Oct. 7th li LADIES DRESS SILKS. IlK Largest and most v;inp! Stock evci offered i;: tlii n lai ket. BREM &. STEELE. Oct 7. 1816. CSL1N D'LAlSS, C ASH M K R E S, PLA1D3, fcc. BREM .'v. STEELE. Oct. 7, 1S."6. LADIES A VERY LARUE m. . srant. CLOAKS. T M K. very c leap ami BREM V STEELE" I 4-i f. ( ff 7, I -.'. FAR2HS 1 Oil SALE 1IIE iubacrtber offers for sale two larms lying on tbe "-.iters of Clear Creek, in Mtcklcubarg county tht first known a-i The Alexander tract, containing 300 Acres. Well improved, with a go-id and JZ?Q ronMldiMi tiwi-1 1 i n c hniise. ai:il Jittl M out liens, s necessary lor a farm, ic good reiia.r. Tbere is also .... . . ' ss? wm A good Store-House o tub raaxiSEs. This property lies lt miles from Charlotte, at the Cross KomIs, on the main road to Con rord. The farm is in all respects in good con dition, and contains a quantity of line bottom land. The other Tract, Adjoins the above, and contains This U also a well improved farm, with troo buildings, has ex. elient 'I imber on if, a eood mead .w, and t first-rate cotton Gin. place a go d he Tz li- also on th (;o2l aisfl Co5icr l!2iac. Both of the above farms ar desirable estates, and w ill b" Bold oa reasonable terms. Apply on the premises. .1. M. W. FLOW. Jaly 2 . 1856 tf CARROLL ll !R HOUSE, (Jbcstei. T IS bug.: and splendid mr. "''i the i as! t ibni-story bnild ( 'bi'ster 1 ) -pot, i - HOW . vellit Mi '.t Jul' tin- :!i'coi"iiij. !-r iil i iv tin- ears ar otberwLa. i..ri-tor is wellawatv ih.it 1" sous tra- ' Th.- lipri-tor Is wellawatv ili.it nothing short ;': U"rll-l4epl IIouwc will induce a ens i torn to this, so recently gottt-n np; and although , v.ry stdieitotix of iialrouagi, I" refisaina from tho- thousand-aad-aie prtnuises which have been aiadi' only to b. broken bv many ot Ins illwstrions prrh"0!fwon. lb' confidently hopes thai he v. ill be sustained, and upon trial give such . satadaetiou and accom motLut ion :is will send him on his m.-iv njoieing. J. 1.. CARROLL, ('-i -;. r. s- ( '.. Feb. 26, .-Cr.. tf Sial ut ice. jfr- .'.'li 2; :;;.!! notici: is lierebygi- thai all the Aotes and Ace units ot at! & lllon, pr:M. i;;ii9H'l o. .:!! unison vniM, ar-e irons- ferred to the nvditor Ihe v mv in I dfcUe i idh e'i ami' said rsijm he- t li' i: r ot tie ml th. t r imrm eamn t Firms resptM" ids of .1. I.". I Ml. t. ! V Lonsrer iudul in be n, :i lii bis mm ft In pun! JOHN ALLISON .V. tf J. 1.'. DANIEL A Valuable HOUSE and LOT rpiIE sabsctlber ..;i. 1 - ; r - . I Ins , 1 l.ree .,-0 ! v. lupr. . m l!o- s,: . " f ;,.,d I. or, sit. mi. .1 iii lb- ti.-rt. portion of the town, adjoining the Lota now owned bv R. 1". Davidaoti ;;ni A. II. Martin, known as Ibe Spratt property. Mr. John IL Daniel is fnllv authorized lamak sale in my absence. Persons ia want of a desirable sit Bition in town, would do well lo call and rx ainiae Ibia properly. The Hoaac and all ont boitdinga ar-- new and in first-rate order. PanaoMstun triren iinmediatclr. ' erina made to suit the pnrcav s r. JOHN' ALLISON. A'e list ly, 1856 tf :Pu oticc Valuable HOUSE and LOT Ft Hi SALE OH .L. T "HE sub i il rs off. r their well im proved Lots in the town of Char lotte, for sale or rent, situated 111 tin e:isii ru portion of (he town, ktjown Penman mroaertv. containing 1 b.t-. ;is the fhe un improved lots are very iles-r.ili! Aanlv to John R. Iani !. building Lots. ALLISON -t. DANIEL. A -1. 9. 1 1 o2J6r&iii5j; I2:jS vj:i ncTcr offered before : The best Plantation in Meck lenburg County: 1 1 aroi 1 7i a. T HE r ition contains 500 A citn, in the Providence setth-an nt, Iving mi the wa ters ot riat Branch, 14 miles son to ot Iharlotti I ersona wish purchase, would do well lo - all i anuses ter themselves. I: ihia tracl be not s : 1 cieut, OTHER TU Ac'ls oi equally good land, j m ar at band, 1 an be purcbaai d .-in lair ter ma, 1; I bare iv ihoae wli wish t, purchase a small , tract, 1 hey can also be accom:... v. ted 111 the same i neiahbc :rooi. Also for sale, a Plantation a :.o Ari es, 1 wiih a mmmJ SAW 31 1 LL and a GOLD .MINI:. lying .. Lie wau-rs 01 .Uiie t..cr i, 1 si ;::.!cs from harlotte, V-il timbered. ! Poaaeaaion to to given on the 25th i day ot uecemoer next. JOHN 8. PORTER. 1 MM. 33,000 P'rs ol BOOTS AND SHOES. mmmmm o m Charlotte, N. C. CATALOGUE OF GOODS AND PRICES: Heavy double sol; Brogans, domestic mami lacture, all numbers over G, at SI 50 ; oak sol; Brogans, northern man- ul'acture, a good article, 1 50 nailed sole Brogans, lor miners ami Kailroad, good, 1 5 c double sole, round s-am Brogans. 1 40 single sole riveted Brogans. a good aiticle, 1 " sinsj'e sole rivetet! Brogans, a shade lighter, 1 single sole not riveted, Brogans, a shade lighter, 1 Heavy .-irigii. sole Brogans, infe rior stock, 1 .Mens" kij Brogans, a good article, No 1, (Webster) 1 " " No2,Y.F.D, 1 M t." : H 1 " lined and bound hip Brogans 1 25 1 35 25 15 00 50 35 25 50 " 4 calf " 1 75 2 00 " , Oxford calf, 1 75 2 00 Gents' calf Congress Gaiters, peg, 2 25 to 2 75 " cloth Pat. tin " 2 50 to 3 00 " line calf sewed Shoes 2 50 to 3 50 " t: Pat. " " Oxfir and plain, 3 00 to 3 50 Mens fine kip sewed, Planters) 1 7.5 to 2 00 Gents' fine patent leather Gaiter 4 00 to 5 00 " D. S. Quilted Uoots, and stitched, exira, 9 00 Quilted Boots, stitched, ex. S 50 " " No. f, 7 00 heavy call", D. S. sewed, Planters Boots, very cheap, 5 00 ' call, 1). fc. peg and coik Boots 5 00 ' fine calf, cork sole, and made with copper nails, 7 00 fine calf, pp. " " 5 00 heavy D. S. Calf, plain bottom, 4 00 kip, " " " and heav 4 on welt 3 2 50 to 3 00 " Hungarian, common, 2 00 iers and Miners' Boots, 2 50 to 1 00 BOYS' DEPARTMENT. ' fine Congress Gaiters, Pat. tip and io.xeu $2 00 to 2 50 " Calf Shoes 1 25 to 1 50 " Kip Brogr.S; good 1 25 " " " good,No.2, 100 to 11? heavy Brogans, U.S., good article 1 25 " from medium to Ditcl Bo s poor Yontl.s' calf and kip Brogans 4i extra heavy ami good 75 to 1 00 75 to c8 1 Od to 1 25 thick " " 75 to " " light and common 50 to C2 DA DIES' DEPARTMENT. Ladies1 line Congress Gaiters, doub'e soles and foxed, tor winter, with beds, 3 00 tine Con-Tress Gaiters, thin soles, with " iS aw 3 00 tjp9 2 00 to 2 50 tine ' M " -2 00 to 2 50 fine French kid, side laced Gaiters, 2 50 " line side laced, thick and thin suits, silk, 150 to 2 00 " fine to common u " 1 25 to 1 50 " fine goat Uootes, best article, tlannt 1 hiiid. (or winter, 1 " " fine goatBootcs, best article, twilled linrd 1 50 " fine goat Bootes, No. 2, twilled lined 125 " fine Morocco and kid Hoots 1 50 to 1 75 " fine patent leather and fancy top, 1 J5 to 1 50 " fine (earlier Uootes, a very lair shoe 1 00 " tine kip and calf, a very good shoe 1 J5 " fine Dutch Boots, all kip, 150 " )i ie Congress enameled and kid Gaiters 50 " fine patent leather and enamel 1 1J to 1 J5 Misses Shoes and Gaiters, all grades, prices varying from 75 to 1 25 Child ens Siioes '25 to 68 OVER-SHOES AXD RUBBERS. Gents' Hulfulo over-shoes, for winter S2 f-0 " sleigh cut Rubbers Ac over shoes, 1 00 ' Rubber Sandals, one St two straps 1 0i Ladies' Buffalo Over-shoes 2 50 " Cloth Over-Shoes 1 50 Km, her lioots 1 ( 0 " Buskins and Over-shoes 75 f '' Sandals 75 Misses' Over Shoes 50c. to 75 DOM KS T ? G M A NU FACTUR E. Sie.p made Ihio: and Shoes constantly on hand and made to order at short netice, from (be best imported stock. (rents fine pp. Hoots, warranted ?8 00 ' 1). sole brad bottoms, Dutch edge 8 50 u is " . Dutch edge, footed on old legs, to order fi (-0 Pp. Foot, il on old le-is, to order 5 00 j Cents' fine calf Shoes, to order .' 00, 3 50 '' heavy kip sewed Shoes 1 75, 2 00 Ladies' line rail Shoes and Boots i 75. 2 00 h-avy kip " ) 50 j CL Goods of our own manufacture are ail 4 warranted not to rip. Prices by this Catalogue are for cash only as the goods could not be sold. -it the very Low ; n?ure mentioned than lor cash. 1 The above eomnrisea bnt a small nortion - 1 - - 1 1 j of our stoc!,-, as it is impossible to enumerate I j every article in an advertisement, so that it J may be understood without seeing the goods. Cash prices inch B inds ' Jidls jar running foot: 0 2 1 r.'8 iu 4 I 4S ,r:2 56 8 inch I3ands l" c . In " " 10 j " 11 M 1 1 I " 3 4. CO 64 68 :-j 16 bl so LEATHER BELTING. ; Tha piibiie may depend oa gelling tlie best ! artii le that cj:i be had, they will run st raighf, bold their width, and run flt to the pulley. : These banCa arc made of the best oak tanned leather, and the solid pan. only used. These joints are put together with water-proof j cement, which allows them to he used in . il:im;i jdnees, without any et'ect upon fhe 'joints. The best of copper rivets used. An ;iss, rtioent generally on hand, and all liiii!s , niaiie to order. Also, MACHINE BELT CLASP, f.r f eouai 1 ting Belts .;r IJaniis tr.gt ther, to run on Machinery. Thia t.'l.isp is inaiie of plate of metal Anted eat on the inside making teeth sharp tenous-htn press into the Belt and hold a. without cutting into and impairing its strength, ; as is the case with making holes to lace .mluiJ in i through, or otbi rwisc It is, when app to i.. Ri.lt e.ini:iiid to-etr.pr I'V nie-.ns : screws, (made for the purpose, so as to hold on every particle of the Belt, thereby retaining its whole strength. A n assortment alwsvs on hand. Also, Siim-rior I.ACL LEATHER on hand, and COPPER RIVETS, with Burrs. Solaa nd Upper Leal her of every description consta ttj on hand, at low prices. jy Cash paid for Green r.r Dry Hides, or taken in exchange for Boots and Shoep, at CsSh Pris. BOOMS &. CO. Charlotte, Oct. 7, 185C 9 WESTERN DEMOCRAT. CCHARLOTTE. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Fellow-citizens of the Senate and Of the House of Representatives: The Constitution requires that the Presi dent shall from time to time, nor only re commend to the consideration of Congress such measures as he may jude necessary ami expedient, but also tha he .iiall give information to them of the state of the U nion. To do this fully iu vol res exposition of all matters iu the actual condition of the country, domestic or foreign, which essen tially concern the general welfare. While performing his constitutional duty in this respect, the President does not speak mere ly to express personal convictions, hut a.s the executive minister of the government, enahled by his position, and called upon by his official obligations, to scan with an im partial eve the intf ets of tin: whoL-and of every part ot tne l mteu .Slates. Of the condition of the domestic interests of the Union, its agriculture, mines, manu factures, navigation, and commerce, it is necessary only to say tlr.it tin; internal pros perity of the country, its continuous and steady advancement in wealth ami popula tion, ami in private as well as public well- being, fittest the wisdom of our institutions, and the predominant spirit of intelligcnci and patriotism, which notwithstanding occa sional irregularities ol opinion or action re sulting from popular freedom, has clistm guished ami characterized tlie people of America In the brief interval between fho termin ation of tlie last and the commencement o the present session of Congress, the public mmd has been occupied with the care of, selecting, lor another constitutional term, the President and Vice President of the United States. The determination of the persons, who are of right, or contingently, to preside over the administration ot the government, 1 under our system, committed to the State and people. We appeal to them, by their voice pronounced 111 the forms of law, to call whomsoever they will to the high post ol L hu t Magistrate. And thus it is that as the senators repre sent the respective States of the Union, and the members of the House of Representa- g-, j tives the several constituencies of each State, so tho President represents the aggregate population of the UnitedStato. Their ( lec tion of him is the explicit and solemn net of the sole sovereign authoritv of tlie I nion. It is impossible to misapprehend tho great principle which, by their recent political I fiction, the people of the United States have sanctioned and announced They have asserted the constitutional equality of each and all of the States of the Union as States; they have affirmed the constitutional equality of each and all of the citizens of the United States as citizins, whatever their rcligb n, wherever their birth, or their residence ; they have maintained the inviolability of the constitutional rights of the different sections of the Union: and they have proclaimed their devoted and un alterable attachment to the Union and to the constitution, as objects of interest supe rior to all subjects of local or sectional con troversy ,,as the snfegard of the rights of all, as the spirit and the essence of the liberty, pence, and greatness of the republic. In doing this, they have, at the game time, emphatically condemned the idea of organizing- in these United States mere geograph ical parties; of marshalling in hostile array towards each other tho different parts of the country, North or South, East or West. Schemes of tla's nature, fraught with in calculable mischief, and which the consid erate sense of the people has rejected, could have had countenance in no part of country. i had, they not been disguised by suggestions j plausible in appearance, acting upon an ex i cited state of the public mind, induced by ! causes temporary in their character, and it is to be hoped transient in their influence. Perfect liberty of association for political objects and the. widest scope of discussion are' the received and ordinary conditions of government in our country. Our institu tions, framed in the spirit of confidence in the intelligence and integrity of the people. !o not forbid citizens, either individually or associated together, to attack by writing, speech, or any other methods short of phys ical force, the constitution and the very ex- r .1 - tt 1 1 .... il. ,.1. , .. ..c i ISteilCe Ol me 1 uion. I imei 1111- suriici 01 this great liberty, and protected by the laws and usiiges of the government they assail, associations have been formed in some of the 'States of individuals who, pretending to ask only to prevent the spread of the insti- tution oi s averv into tne present or tuturi inchoate States of the Union, are really in flamed with desire to change the domestic institutions of existing States. To accom plish their object--, they dedicate themselves to tlie odious task of depreciating the gov ernment organization which stands in their way. and of calumniaing, with indiscrimin ate invective, not only tho citizens of par ticular States, with whose laws they find fault, but all others of their fellow-citizens throughout the country, who do not partici pate with them iu their assaults upon the constitution, framed nnd adopted by our fathers, and claiming' for the privileges it has secured, and the blessings it has con ferred, tlie- steady support nnd grateful rev erence if their children. They seek an ob ject which they well know to be a revolu tionary "ne. They are perfectly aware that the change in the relative condition of the white and black races in the slftvehold iug States, whieh they would promote, is beyond their lawful authority; that to them it is a foreign object: that it cannot be ef fected bv nnv peaceful instrumentality "f theirs: that for them, and the States of w hich they are citizens, the only path to its accomplishment is through burning ei:e 1 ...... I t!..t.l nnd KlfiiirrKtar A nnni and rava.Ted fields, and lations. and all that is nv -t rnnl in fi ciirn. complicated with ci' i: and servile war: and that the first step in the attempt is the forcible disruption of a country rn bracing in its broad bosom a degree of liberty, and an amount of i dividual and public pros- peritv, to whicWthere is if para lei in hi torv,r.nd subajtttuting in its place hostile Governments, driven at once and inevitably into mutual devastation and fratricidal car ace, transforming the now peaceful and felicitous brotherhood into a vast perma- nent camp of armed men, like the rival monarchies cf Europe and Asia. Well knowing that such, and such only, are the means and the consequences of their plans to the territory acquired by the United and purposes, they endeavor to prepare the j States from Mexico. Rat this proposition people of the United States for civil war by was successfully resisted by the re present a doing everything in their power t deprive J lives from the northern States, who, regard -the constitution and the laws of moral an- : less of the statute line, insisted upon ap thority, and to undermine the fabric of the Union by appeals to passion and sectional prejudice, by indoctrinating its people with reciprocal hatred, and by educating them to stand face to face as enemies, rather than shoulder to shoulder as friends. It is by the agency of such unwarranta ble interference, foreign ami domestic, that the minds of many, otherwise good citizens, have been so inflamed into the passionate condemnation of the domestic institutions of the southern States as at length to pass insensibly to almost equally passionate hos tility towards their fellow-citizens of those States, and thus, finally, to fall into tempo rary fellowship with the avowed and active enemies of the constitution. Ardently at tached to liberty in the abstract, they do not stop to consider practically how the obiects they would attain can be accom- i pushed, nor to reflect that, even it tlie evil were as great as they deem it, they have no remedy to apply, and that it can be only aggravated by their violence and unconsti tutional action. A question whieh is one of the most difficult of all the problems of social institution, political economy, and statesmanship, they treat with unreasoning intemperance of thought and language. Extremes beget extremes. Violent attack from the North finds its inevitable conse quence in the growth of a spirit of angry defiance at the South. Thus, in the pro gress of events wc had reached that con summation which the voice of the people has now so pointedly rebuked, of the at tempt of a portion of the States, by a sec tional organization and movement, to usurp the control of the government of the United States. I confidently believe that the great body of those who inconsiderately took this fatal sfcp arc sincerely attached to the constitu tion and tho Union. They would, upon de liberation, shrink with unaffected horror from any conscious act of disunion or civil war. Put they have entered into a path which leads nowhere, unless it be to civil Avar and disunion, and which has no other possible outlet. They have proceeded thus far in that direction in consequence of the successive stages of their progress having consisted of a series of secondary issues, each of which professed to be confined with in constitutional and peaceful limits, but which attempted indirectly what few men were willing to do directly that is, to act aggressivelyogaiustlhe constitutional rights of nearly one-half of the thirty-one States. In the long series of acts of indirect ag- gression. tlie first was tho strenuous ngita- ' public functionaries whose duty it is to pro tion, by citizens of the northern States, in nounce on that point, is undoubtedly bind Congress and out of it, of the question of ing on the conscience of each good citizen negro emancipation in the southern States, j of the republic. Hut iu what sense can it. The second step in this path of evil con sisted of nets of the people of the northern States, and, in several instances of their gov ernments, aimed fo facilitate the escape of persons held to service in the Southern States, and lo prevent fheir extradition when reclaimed tolaw and in virtue of express pro visions of the constitution. To promote his object, legislative enactments and cither means were adopted to take away or defeat rights which the constitution solemnly guar antied. In order to nullify the then exist ing net of Congress concerning tho extra dition of fugitives from service, laws were enacted in many States forbidding their officers, under the severest penalties, to participate in the execution of any act of Congress whatever. In this way that sys tem of harmonious co-operation between the authorities of the United States and of the several States for the maintainancc of their common institutions, which existed in the early rears of the republic, was des troyed ; conflicts of jurisdiction came to be frequent; and Congress found itself com pelled, f r tho support of the constitution and the vindication of its power, to author ize the appointment of new officers charged 1 1 1 1 the execution of its acts, as if thev and the officers of the Stales were the ministers, respectively, of foreign governments in a Sate of mutual hostility, rather than fellow nagistratcs of a common country, peace fully subsisting- und r the protection of one well-constituted Union. Thus lu re, also, aggression was followed bv reaction: and the attacks upon the constitution at this point did but serve to raise up new barriers for its defence and security. The third stage of this unhappy sectional controversy was in connexion with the or ganization of territorial erovernments, and tho admission of new States into the Union, j When it was proposed to admit the State of Maine, by separation of territory from that ' 01 iMassacnusetts, and tne Mate ot .Missou ri, formed of a portion of the territory ceded by France to the United States, represen tatives in Congress objected to the aduiis- sion of the latter, unless with conditions suited to particular views of public policy. I Tbe imposition of such a condition was sue- j cessively resisted. Bat, at the same period, I the question was presented of imposing res trictions upon the residue of the territory ceded by France. That question was, for the time, disposed of by the adoption of a geographical line of limitation. In this connexion it should not be forgot ten that when France, of her own ace rd, resolved, for considerations of tin-most far sighted sagacity, to cede Louisiana to the U nited States, and that accession was accept ed by the United States, the latter expressly engaged that '-the inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be incorporated in the Union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, according to tho principles of tlie federal constitution, to the enjoyment of the right-, advantages, aud immunities ot eiti zens of the United States; and in the mean time they shall be maintained and protected in tho free enjoyment of their lih rry. property, and the religion which they . j profess ' that is to sav, while it remains in - ; a territorial condition, its inhabitants are maintained and protected in the free ttjoy- tni'iit ot their liberty aud property riIi! th r-n iss into the condition of States on n footing of perfect equality with the r.riginfil States. The enactment, which established the restrictive geographical line, was acquiesced in rather than approved bv the States ol : the Union, it stood on the statute-book. however, for a nusiber of vears : and the i people ot the respective States, acquiesced I j in the re-enactment of the principle as ap- I plied to the State of Texas; and i; was pro- j posed to aequiese in its further application plying restrictions to the new territory pren eraliv, whether lying north or south of it, thereby repealing it as u legislative com- , .i . r.i... x' .i promise, ami, on me pan m inc nnna, per sistently violati il,' the compact, it compact there was. Thereupon this enactment ceased to have binding virtue iu any sense, whether as respects the North or South; and so in ef fect it was treated 011 the occasion of the admission of the State of California and the organization of the Territories of New Mexico, Utah, and Washington. Such wiis tlit1 state of this question when the time arrived for the organization of the Ten Lories of Kansas and Nebraska. In the progress of constitutional inquiry and reflection, it had now at length come to be seen clearly that Congress does not possess constitutional power to impose restrictions of this character upon any present or future . state ot the 1. num. In a long series ot decisions, on the fullest argument, and af ter the most deliberate consideration, the Supreme Court of the United States had finally determined this point in every form under which the question could arise, wheth er as affecting public or private rights in questions of public domain, of religion, of navigation, and of servitude. The several States of the Union are, by force of the constitution, coequal in domes tic legislative power. Congress cannot change a law sf domestic relation in the State of Maine ; no more can it. in the Stilt 0 of Missouri. Any statute whic h proposes to do this is a mere nullity : it takes nwny no right, it confers none. If it remains on the statute-book unrepealed, it remains there only as a monument of error, and a beacon of warning to the legislator and the .statesman. To repeal it will be only to remove imperfection from the statutes, without affecting, either in the sense of permission or of prohibitum, the action of the States, or of their citizens. Still, when the nominal restriction of this nature, already a dead letter in law, was in terms repealed by the last Congress, in a clause of the act organizing the- Territories of Kansas ttud Nebraska, that repeal w as made the occasion of a wide-spread and dangerous agitat ion. It was alleged that the original enact ment being a compact of perpetual moral obligation, its repeal Constituted an odious breach of faith. An act of Congress, while it remains un repealed, more especially if it be constitu tionallv valid in the judgmi nt of those ho asserted that the enactment in question was invested with perpetuity and entitled to tin; respect of a solumn compaci ? Be tween whom was the compact .' Xo dis tinct contending powers of the government, no seperate sections of the Union, treating as such, entered into treaty stipulations on tho subject. It was a mere clause of an act of Congress, and. like any oilier con troverted matter of legislation, received its final share and passed by compromise f the conflicting opinions or sentiments of the members of Congress. J'ut if it had moral authority over men's consciences, to whom did ibis authority attach? Not to thoseofthe North, who had repeatedly refused to confirm it by ex tension, and who had zealously striven to establish other and incompatible regulations upon the subject. And if. as it thus ap pears, the supposed compact had no obli gatory force as to tho North, of course it could not have had any as to the South, for all such compacts must be mutual and of recipn cal obligation. It has not unfreque.ntly happened that law-givers, with undue estimation of the value of the law they give, or in the view of imparting to it peculiar strength, make it perpetual in terms ; but they cannot thus bind the conscience, the judgment, and the will of those who may succeed them, invested with similar responsibilities, and clothed with equal authoritv. .More care ful investigation may prove the law to he unsound in principle Experience mar show it to he inipertect in detail and im- 1 'practicable in execution. And then both reason and right combine not merely If justify, but to require its repeal. TI.e constitution, supreme as it i.- orcr all the departments of the government, b gislative, executive, nod judicial, is ripen to amendment by its very terms; and Con gress or the States may, iu their'discretion, propose amendment to it. solemn compact though it in truth is between tho sovereign States of the Union. In the present in stance, a political enactment, which had ceased to have legal power or authority of any kind, v. as repealed. The position sinned, that Cengress had no moral right lo enact such repeal, and strange enough. and singularly so in view wf the fact that the argument come from those who openly refused obedience to existing laws ol t he land, having the same popular and Quality as compromise act designation : - na v. more 11 , - 1 , , and uon- demed the most positive and obligatory in junctions of the constitution it-o If. and sought, by every means within their reach, to deprive a portion of their fellow citizens of the equal enjoyment of those right anil privileges guarantied alike to all by the fundamental compact ol our f nion. This argument against th" repeal of (ho statnti in question whs acconipauii d bv another of congenial character, and qoal- Iv witii the Former nesurure or nmmtutton in reason and truth. It was imputed that the measure originated in the Conception of extending the limit--of -lave labor be yond those previonsly assigned to it. and that such was its naiaral as well as intend ed effect ; and these baseless assumption were made, in the northern tatea, the j gr'oir.'i 01 1 . i- ... - . . : . . unceasing assault s:pon eont tuttonal rirbt. The repeal in terms of a statute which w?. already obsolete, and also null for ua erwititntionalitV, could have nn influence to obstruct or to promote the propagation rrfeonnictinc v. )Wi ot political or social in stituti Terril W len the act mi orc-auizmg t ie Kebrajdca was ies. of pasd the inherent cUerf npon that por- lion of the public domain tints opened M , legal selll; tnent was tn ad aril settlers from all the States of the Union alike, ench with his convictions ol public policy mm priveto interest, there to found in I heir (Kacrt'tton, sulijcet to such lina'tations a the constitu tion and acts of ('ohgn s might prescribe new States, hereafter In be admitted into tho Union, it was a free field, open alike to till, whether the statute line of assumed restriction were repc;:leil tr nfif. That re peal did not npm tn free competition of tho diverse opinions and domestic institution a ReW which, without sneh repeal, would biivo bi eli , losel! Boalavl them t it foUHtl that field of competition already opened, in fuot ami in law. AH Hie repent (lid was In elicve the statute book of an objectionable enactment) unconstitutional in effect, and injurious in terms to a large portion of the States. Is it the fact that, in all the unsettled re gions of I he United States, tf emigration he left free to net in I Ida respect for itself, without legal prohibitions on either siili'i slave labor will spontin eously go evci where in preference to free labor ? Is it the fact that the peculiar domestic institutions of (lie southern States poses, relatively, fo much of vigor, that, whereaoevcr an avenue is freely open to all the world, they will penetrate, to the exclusion of those of the northern States .' Is it the fact that the former enjoy, compared with the hitter, such irresistibly superior vitality, indepen dent of climate, soil and all other Acciden tal circumstances, as to be able to produce the supposed result, in spite of the assum ed moral and natural obstacles to its accom plishment, and of the more numerous pop ulation of the northern States ' The argument of those who Advocate the enactment of new laws of restriction, and condemn the repeal of old ones, in effect avers that their particular views of govern ment have no self-extending or self-sustaining power of their own. and will go nowhere unless forced by act of Congress. And if Congress do but pause for a moment in policy of stern coercion ; if it venture to try the experiment (earing men to jlldgo for tin mselvcs what institution will best suit them; if it he not strained up to per petual legislative exertion on this point ; If Congress proceed thus to net in the very spirit of liberty, it is at once charged with aiming to extend slave labor into all the new Territories of the United States. Of course, these imputations on flie in tentions of Congress in this respect, con ceived a.s they were in prejudice, and 1m- semlhated in passion, are utterly destitute of any justification in flic nature of things, and contrary to till the fundamental doc trines and principles of civil liberty and self-government. While therefore, in general, the people of nothcrn States have never at any time ar rogated for tho ft daral government tha power to interfe re directly with the domes tic condition of persons in the sou. hern States, but, on the contrary, have disavow ed all such intentions, nnd have shrunk from conspicuous affiliation with those few who pursue their fanatical objects avowed ly through the contemplated means of re volutionary change of the govt rnineiit, and with acceptance of the necessary conse quences a civil and servile war yet manv citizens have suffered themselves to be drawn into one eraneacent political issue nl agitation nft r another, appertaining to Hie same set of opinions, and which subsided iih rapidly as they arose when it came to be seen, as it uniformly did, that they were incompatible with the compact I of the con stitution and the existence of the Union.- -Thus, when tho acts of some of f he State to nullify the existing extradition law im posed upon Congress the duty of passing a new one, the country was invited by agi tators to enter into party organization fof its repeal; hut that agitation speedily ceas ed by reus hi of the impracticability of it objects. So when the statute restriction upon the institutions of nw States bv a geographical line had been repealed, "the country was urged to demand its rctora- tion, and that protect a'so died almost with its birth. Then followed the cry of alarm from the North against Imputed southern encroachments: which cry sprang in reality from the Spirit of revolutionary attack 011 the domestic institutions of the South, and, after a troubled existence of a few months, has been rebuked by the voice of a. patriotic people. ( m tifls lust agitation, one lamentable feu- tore was, thut it was carried rn at the im mediate CXDense 01 the near e nm hamiin. of the people of the Tcrritorv of Kansas.- - . 1 ss I liat was made the battle field, not m much of opposing factions or interests within it self, us of the conflicting passions of tho whole people of th, United States. Rem lutfonary disorder in Kansas had its nri 'in in projects of intervention; deliberately- ar ranged by Certain members of that Congress which enacted tin- law for the organization of the Territory. And when propagandist colonization of Kansas had thus boon un dertaken in otic section of the Union, for the systematic promotion of it- peeaHar view- of policy, there ensupd. as a matter of coarse, a counteraction with nnttoajta views iu other section of the I 'nion. In Consequence of these nnd other inci dents manv acts of li-order. it Is iiadnata hie, have been nerfeeted in - - ,.. occasional in terra ptmn, rather than Hie ... ...... ..l . . : e . 1 . ! . , " ' 1 1 10. 11. 1 in MiMi'ii..rui, oi reeuiar eovern- mi nt. Aggros-no a ol most reprehensible incursions into the Territory Wi re under taken, both in the North and the South, am! entered it ou it- northern bnrtter bv tho way of Iowa, as ar&il a nn the eastern bv way of Missouri; and there has existed within it a state of in-urrcetion agrdant tin eoustitnted authorities, it witbsMtt com -te nance from inconsiderate person! in each of the great sections of tho Union. Hot the difficulties in that Territory have been cxtra agantlv cxaeratcd for purposes of political agitaCon elsewhere. The number and gravity nf the of f lob-nee tevi ' lieen magnified, partly by tateinettt5 as 1 tindy 11. .true, and pa illy hy re ra(i i ne 1 counts of the anon rumor.- Ir facts. 'J 'iiu, tlm Territory basbet u ajeemuntly liUed ntiii extreme violence, when the wb lis am . ; of such aets has not been g-i cater tl.nu whJ Dceneionauyyaasca before na in stngle cittea to th" regret of all good citizens, but without being regarded m of manexal or permanent poiit ical eonsi quencc. Impaled irn guhti iti-. in the aleetioaahad in Kansas, hke reaaional irreeularitiefl of tlie same description io the States, were be yond tlie sphere of action of the Lxocutive Providence, May 10, 1836. Cm