Newspapers / The western Democrat. / Dec. 16, 1856, edition 1 / Page 2
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W 9 ! - I Rut incident mi UOtJanl I faint 0 1 'r f ne gnnizcd liamtian f pertinaciously rcnewed from time to time, mm heen met a they ocurred. by such MMM ft arete available ami the eMHMHMl required: and nothing f tlii character nw remains la affect the g neural p CO. of t!i; Union. The attempt of a part of the inhabitant- uf .1 l .. n p..-..lllf iiitl'irV f'OV- . . ii.i.. : .i ,,i supplied with pecuniary aid from active ascentl f di.-;rder in rnmr of the Stt , lias completely failed. Modi.-- nf armed men, foreign to the Territory, have been prevent ed from entering r euplhd to leave it. Predatory hands, engaged in acta of rapine undercover of he exi-ting pt-fiticaJ di-tur-hancej". have hreu arrested .r dispei.-ed And everv well-dipo-ed per-on i- now en abled oiu-e more toili vnte hiin-elf in peace to the pursuits of pi o-p.-rous indu-trv. for the pro-eeutioii of which he undertook to participate in the settle meat of the lerii torv. It affords me muniiigb-d snti-fnetion thus to announce the peaceful eomlition of thing in Kaarar, enprcmllj conideriiiir the means to which it van ii.c --aj v t. have rreurs f..r the laiaiiat uf tkr end namely, the employment of a part of the military force .f the United States. The withdrawal ot that force from it proper duty of defending the country ajrai t foreign fo. - or the a n jres of the frontier, to employ it tor the sup-pre--ioli of dome-tic in-in r. ctioii. is. when the exigency oeeur-. a matt, r of the awl t aim Hi wificitwdn On this occasion of im perative neces-ity it UlU been one with the h t r. -nlf". and MJ mtjufectiwa in the at tainment of such results by saeh means is IS all I enhanced by ihe c..n-i.l. i mIioh that. through the winduai and wr' of the pre- elit executixe of KlMIS IIU'I the prudence, caawipn. and . igil.itM of the Military iw- cers on ilutv there, tranquility ha- I . en restored without one drop of blood having heen sin d in it aeenatatiiduaeal hy the for ce of the United State-. The restoration of comparative tranquil ity in that Territory fataiufcea the mean ot observing calmly and appreciating iit their jut value the cv nt- which have occurred there, and the diwu-sion- of which the gov eminent of the Territory has beea the sub- jeft. We percei. j- that controver-v enaeeraing its future dome-tic institution was inevita hie; that ii human pru.leiicc.no form ot legislation, no wi.-dom n the part Ul Con gress, could have pr vented it. It is idle to suppo-e that the particular provisions of their organic law were the cause of a'iatioii. Those provisions wen hut the occasion or the pretext of an agita tion which was inherent in the nature of tilings. Congress legislated upon the suh ject in siicli terms as were mo-t consonant with the principle of po alar Mvreiguty which uii.lcrlies our pivennwnt It wmM not have hgiidated ntherwisx without didng ioleucc to another preat jrin iple f our institutions, the imprescriptible right 1 raaafitjr "f the wveral States. WT pcrc ive. al.-.. that sectional interests and party passions have Wen the great im pediment to the salutary operat i n ot the organic principles in I . j . t i . and the chief cause of the successive disturbances in Kan-a. The KssumptHUt, that lucause, in the nrgaamathai of the T rrilorh's of Xe acaafca and Kansas, ( Congress nbstaitKd from imposing restraints upon them tu which Certain other Territories had heen subject, therefore disorder occurred in the latter Territory, is emphatically contradicted by the fact that none have occurred in the for mer. Those disorders were not the conse piences in Kansas of the freed, in of self, pug lament conceded to that Territory hy Ceagreasi hut f unjust intertVrcni u the part of person-' nt inhabitants of the Ter ritory. Such interference, wherever it has exhibited itself, hy nets of insurrectionary character, or of nhnhructioa to process ot law, has heen repelled or suppressed by all the means which the constitution ami the laws place in the hands of the Executive. In those parts of the United Statea where, lv reason of the inflamed state t the pub lic mind, false rum rs ami misrepresenta tions have the greatest currency, it has heen assaased that it was the duty of the Kxceutivc not only to suppress insurrection ary movements in Kansas, hut also to see to the regularity of local elections. It needs little argument to show that the Presi dent has no such power. .Ml gov runienl in the I'nited States rc-t- substantially up on popular flection. The freedom ot elec tions i liahle to he impaired by the intru sion of unlawful voters. r the exclusion of lawful ones, hy improper inrlaeuces, by violence, or hy fraud. Hut the people of the I'nited States are themselves the nll sutlicieut anardians of their own rights; ami to s il pose that they a ill i:-t remedy, in due season, any such incidents of civil free dom, is to suppose them to have eea-cd to In- capa'de of self-government. The Pres ident of the United States has not power to interpose in election, to see to their freedom, to canvass their votes, or to pass upon their legality, in the Territories any more than in tin- States. If lie ha.l such power, the government Blight' he republic sh in form, hut it would he a monarchy in fact: and if he had umlcrtah.cn to exercise it in the case of Kansas, h: would hare been iustlv suhjeet to the charje of usurpation, ami of violation of the dearrst rights uf the people of the I'nited States. I'nwise laws, c.pially with irregularities nt elections, are. in periods of great excite ment, the occasional incidents of even the freest and hest political institutions. I hit all experience demonstrates that in a coun try like ours, where the right of self consti tution exists in the cnmplg.te.sl form, tin- at tempt to remedy unwise legislation by resort to revolution is totally out of place, ina iii it'll as rxmtmg legal institutions afford more prompt and cflicacious means for the redress of wronp. I confidently trust that now. when the penceful condition of Kan-a- affords oppor tunity for calm reflection ami wise legisla tion, either the legislative assembly of the Territory, or Congress, will see that no act shall remain on its statute-book violative of the provisions of the constitution, or sub versive of the preat objects for which that was ordained and established, and will take nil other necessary steps t assure to its in habitants the enjoy aamt, without obstruc tion or abridgment, of all the constitutional riphts. privileges, and immunities of citizens of the I'nited States, us contemplated by the organic law of the Territory. Full information in relation to recent events in this Territory will be found in the documents communicated herewith from the Departments of State and War. I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury for particular information concerning the financial condition of the government, and the various branches of the public service connected with the Treas ury Department. During the last fi-cal year the receipts from customs were, for the first time. BHwe than sixty-four million dollars, and from all imlbontwo hundred and twenty-seven tlnu sources, seventy-three million nine hundred and eight hundred and seventy . ight acres: and eighteen thousand one hundred and f'T which has been received the sum of forty-one dollars; which, with the balance eight million eight hundred and twenty-one on hand up to the 1st of July. lS.Vi, made thousand four hundred and fourteen dollars, the total resources of the year amount to During the same period there have been ninetv-two million eight hundred and fifty located, with military scrip and land war thousand one hundred and seventeen dol- rants, and for other purposes, thirty million lnr. The expenditures, including three hundred thousand two hundred and million dollars in execution f the treaty thirty acres, thus muking a total aggregate with Mexico, aud including sums paid ou f thirty-nine million three hundred and recount ..f the public debt, amounted to i twenty-eight thousand one hundred and sixty million one hundred and seveney-two ; eight acres. On the .Tlth of September thousand four hundred and one dollar.": and. includine the latter, to seventy-two million nine hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and ninety-two dollars, the pay ment on this MWHri having amounted to twelve million -even hundred and seventy six thousand three hundred and ninety dol lar?. Oa the 4th of March, 1853, the amount of tlx- public debt was sixty-nine million one hundred ami rhirty-seren dollars. There was a subsequent increase of two million seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars for the debt of Texas making a total of seven-tv-one million eight hundred ami seventy nine thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven dollar-. Of this, the sum of forty-five mil lion five hundred and twenty live thousand three handn d and nineteen dollars, includ ing premium. has beea discharged, reducing the debt to thirty million nine hundred and sixty-three thousand nine hundred ami bine dollars: all which might be paid within a year without embarrassing the public Ser vice, but, being not yet due, and only re deemable at the option of th. bolder, cannot be pressed to payment by tin- government. in examining tin- expenditures of the last five years, it will I en that the average, imiiurtti mi nrm - .hut- uion.-uii'i ....... deducting payments on account ui the pub lic debt, and tea million dollars paid by treaty to Mexico, has been but aNat forty eight million dollar-. It is believed that, under an economical administration of the government, the average expenditure for the ensuing live years will not exceed that sum. unless! extraordinary occasion for its increase should occur. The acts granting bounty lands will soon have beea executed, while tin- extension of our frontier settle ments will cause a continued demand for lands and augmented receipts, probably, from that source. These considerations will justify a reduction of the revenue from eu-foiiis. so as not to exceed forty-eight or fifty million dollars. I think the exigen cy for such reduction is imperative, end ngaia urge it upon the consideration of Con gress. Tin- amount of reduction, as well as the manner of effecting it. arc questions t gnat and general interest: it being essential to industrial enterprise and the public pros perity, as well as the dictate of obvious jus tice, that the burden of taxation be made to rest as equally as possible upon all class es, ami all sections and interests of the country. I have heretofore recommended to your consideration the revision of the revenue laws, prepared under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, ami also legisla tion upon some special questions affecting the business of that department, more espe cially the enactment of a law to punish the abstraction nf official hooks or nepers from ' ii ! tin- files of the government, ami requiring ' all such books and papers, and all other public property, to be turned over by the j outgoing officer to his successor; of a law ! requiring disbursing officers t depositc all public nsmey in the vaults of the freasurv ; or iii other h ga! depositories, when' the j same arc conveniently accessible; and a ! law to extend exi ting penal provisions to : all persons who may 1 me possessed of public aioney by deiosite or otherwise, and w ho shall refuse or neglect, on due demand, to pay the same iut your attention am the treasury. I invite W to each of these ob- jects. The army during the past year has been so constantly employed against hostile In dians in various quarters that it can scarce ly he -aid. with propriety of language, to have been a peace establishment. Its du ties have been satisfactorily performed, and we have reason to expect, as a result of the year's operations, greater security to the frontier inhabitants than has been hitherto enjoyed. Extensive combinations among ihe hostile Indians of the Territories of Washington ami t hrcgon at one time threat ened th.- devastation of the newly-formed settlements of that remote portion of the country. From recent information, we are permitted to hope that the energetic and successful operations conducted there will prevent such combinations in future, ami secure to those 1 emtortes an o lortunity to make steady progress in the develop ment ef their agricultural and mineral re sources. Legislation has been recommended me on previous occasions to cure defects by i in the existing organization, and to increase the efficiency of the army, and further ob servation ha- but served to confirm me in the views then ex pressed, and to enforce on my mind the conviction that such measures are not only proper but necessary. I have, in addition, tu invite the attention of Congress to a change of policy in the distribution of troops, anil to the necessity of providing a more rapid increase of the military armament. r details of these nd other subjects n lating t the army, 1 refer to the report of the Secretary of War. The condition ..f the navy is not merely satisfactory, but exhibits the most gratify ing evidences of incrcasi d vigor. As it is Comparatively small, it is more important that it should be as complete as possible in all the elements f strength : that it should be efficient in the character of its officers, in the zeal and discipline of its men. in the reality of its ordnance, and in the capacity of its ships. In al! these various qualities the navy lias made great progress within the last few years. The execution of the law of Congress of February 28, 1855, "to pro mote the efficiency of the navy," has been attended by the most advantageous results. The law for promoting discipline among the men is found convenient and salutary. The system of granting an honorable discharge to faithful seamen on the expiration of the period of their enlistment, ami permitting them to re-enlist after a leave of absence of a few months, without cessation of pay, is highly beneficial in its influence. The ap prentic system recentiy adopted is evident ly destined to incorporate into the service a large number of our countrymen hitherto so difficult to procure. Several hundred American boys are now on a three-years cruise in our national vessels, and will re turn well-trained seamen. In the ordnance ! department there is a decided and aratifv- ing indication of progress creditable to it and to the country . The suggestions of the Secretary of the Navy in regard to fur ther improvement in that branch of the ser vice I commend to your favorable action. The new frigates ordered by Congress are now afloat, and two of them in active service. Tiny- are superior models of naval architecture, and with their formidable Lat t.rv add larcelr to nub public stri nj th um! security. 1 concur in tin views expressed bv the f a Secretary of the Department in fav stdl further increase of our naval force Ihe report of the Secretary of the In terior presents facts and views in relatien to internal affairs over which the supervi sion of his department extends, of much in terest and importance. The agr. irate sales of the public lands, during the last fiscal y . ar. amount to nine la-t. surveys bad becu made of sixteen mil lion eight hundred and seventy-three thou sand six hundred and ninety-nine acres, a large proportion oi which is ready for market. The suggestions in this report in regard to the complication and progressive expan sion of the business of the different bureaus of the department to the pension system, to the c donization nf Indian tribes, and to the recommendations in relation to va rious improvements in the Di-trict of Col umbus are especially commended to your eoaaideratii in. The report of the Postmaster General present- fully the condition of that depart ment of the government. Its expenditures fr the last fiscal year were ten million four hundred and seven thousand eight hundred ujid sixty eight dollars : and its gross re ceipts seven million six hundred and twen ty thousand eight hundred and one dollars making an excess of expenditure over receipts of two million seven hundred and eighty-seven thousand and forty-six dollars. The deficiency of this department is thus seven hundred and forty-four thousand dol lars gn ater than for the year ending June 90, 1853. f this deficiency, three hun dred and thirty thousand dollars is to be attributed to the additional compensation allow d postmasters by the act of Congress of June 2, 1854. Ihe mail facilities in everv part i the country have been very much increased in that period, and the large addition of rail rou .1 service, amount ing to seven thousand nine hundred and eight miles, has added largely to the cost ot transportation. The inconsiderable alegmentatioB of the income f the lut Office Department un der the reduced rutes of postage, and its increasing expenditure, must, for the oreseut. make it dependent to some ex- tci.t upon tl.e treasury tor support. 1 lie recommendations of the I'ustmaster Gener al, in relation to the abulitiou uf the frank ing priv ilege, and his iews on the estab lishment of mail steamship hues, deserve the consideration of Congress. 1 also call the special attention of Congress to the statement of the Postmaster General res pecting the sums now paid for the trans portation of mails to the Panama Railroad Company, ami commened to their early ami favorable consideration the suggestions of that officer in relation to new contracts for mail transportation upon that route, and also upon the Teh uan tepee and Nicaragua routes. The United States continue in the enjoy ment nf amicable relations with all foreign powers. When my last annual message was trans- . s? mitted to Congress, two subjects of contro versy one relating to the enlistment of soldiers in this country for foreign service, and the other to Central America threat ened to di -turb good understanding between the I'nited States and Great Britain. Of the progress ;,tid termination of the former question you were informed at the time ; and the other is now in the way of satis factory adjustment. The object of the convention between th.- United Mates and Great Britain of the 19th of April, lr,i), was to secure, for the hi m fit of all nations, the neutrality and the common use of any transit way, or intero ceanic communication, across the isthmus opened within the limits of Central . tension subsequent Iv America. The pre assertcd by Great Britain to dominion or control over territo ries. j, near two of the routes, those of Nicaragua and Honduras, were deemed by the United Stati's, not merely incompati ble with the main object of the treaty, but opposed even to its express stipulations. Occasion of controversy on this point has been removed by an additional treaty, which our minister at London has concluded, and which wiil be immediately submitted to the Senate for its consideration. Should the proposed supplemental arrangement be concurred in by all the parties to be effect ed by it. the objects contemplated by the original convention will have been fully attained. The treaty between the I'nited States ami Ureat Brit-in of the 5th id' June, 1854, which went into effective operation in lc;. put an end to causes of irritation between the two countries, by securing to the Utnied States the right i fishery on the coast of tiie British North American provinces, with advantages equal to those enjoyed by Brit ish suhj. cts. Besides the signal benefits; of this treaty to a large class of our citizens engaged in a pursuit connected to no in considerable degree with out nat ional pros perity and strength, it has had a favorable effect upon other interests in the provision it made tbr reciprocal freedom of trade be tween the United States and the British provinces in America. The exports of domestic articles fo those provinces during the last year amounted to more than twenty-two milliou dollars, ex cel ding those of the preceding year by in ai ly seven million dollars; and the im ports therefrom during the same period amounted to more than twenty-one million an increase id' six million upon those of the previous year. Tin- improved condition of this branch of our commerce is mainly attributable to the above-mentioned treat v. Provision was made in the first article of tbe treaty for a commission to designate the mouths o' rivcrs to which the common right of fishery, on the coast of the I'nited States and the British provinces, was not t" extend. Tliis commission has been em ployed a part of two seasoos, but w tuiout uiucii procrrcss in accouiulishuu? the obiect "V . ' O J for which it was instituted, in consequence of a serious difference of opinion bet v .j Ihe commissioners, not only as to tin pre cise point where the rivers terminate, but in many instances as to what constitutes a river. 'I heso difficulties, however. uav be overcome by resort to t! he umpirage provi- ded f r l.v the treaty The efforts perseveringly prosecuted since the commencement of my administra tion to relieve our trade to the Baltic from the exaction of Sound dues by Denmark have n.t yet been attended with success. Other governments have also sought to ob tain a like relief to their commerce, and Denmark was thus induced to propose an arrangement to all the European powers interested in the si bject; and the manner in which her proposition was received, war ranting her to b. lieve that a satisfactory arraugeme it eluded, she government definite actii of the end.;; to her Eun with them could soon be eon made a strong appeal to this !'t temporary suspension of i :i its part, in consideration rrassment which might result nean necrotiations bv an im mediate adjustment of the question with the United States. This reouest has b. en i acccuetl to, upon the condition that the I sums collected after the 16th of June last, and until the lGth of June next, from ves sels Itud c:ir s i.I. ii, , rin tr t.. ...... rv -r...rs .o ..I,, incicii- auts. are to he considered as paid under protest and subject to future adjustment. There is reason to believe that an arrange ment between Denmark and the maritime powers of Europe on the subject will be soon concluded, and that the pending ne gotiation with the I'nited States may then be resumed and terminated in a satisfactory manner. AN ith Spain no new difficuties have arisen nor has much progress been made iu the adjustment of pending ones. Negotiations entered into for the pur pose of relieving our commercial intercourse with the islaud of Cuba of some of its bur dens, end providing for the mere speedy settlement of local disputes growing out of that intercourse, have not yet teen attend ed with any results. Soon after the commencement of the late war in Europe, this government submitted to the consideration of all maritime nations two principles for the security of neutral commerce; one, that the neutral flag should cover enemies goods, except articles con traband of war; and the other, that neutral property on board merchant vessels of bel ligerents should be exempt from condemna tion, with the exception of contraband arti cles. These were not presented as m w rides of international law; having been generally claimed by neutrals, thoudh not always admitted by belligerents. One of the parties to the war Russia as well as several neutral powers, promptly acceded to these propositions; and the two other principal belligerents, Great Britain and France, have consented to observe them for the present occasion, a favorabl? op portunity seemed to be presented for ob taining a general recognition of them both in Europe and America. But Creat Britain and France, in com mon with most of the States of Europe, while forbearing to reject, did not affirma tively act upon the overtures of the United States. While the question was in this position, the representatives of Russia, France. Great Britain, Austria. Prussia. Sardinia and Turkey, assembled at Paris, look into coiisideratic.il the subject of maritime rights, and put forth a declaration containing the two principles which this government had submitted, m arly two years before, to the consideration of maritime powers, and add- ing thereto the IOllowing propositions. "Privateering is and remains abolished," I and "blockades, in order to be binding must in' effective mar. is io say, main won -ed by force sufficient really to prevent ac cess to the coast of the enemy;" and to the declaration thus Composed of four points, two of which had already been proposed by the United States, this government has been invited to accede by all the powers represented at Paris, except Great Britain and Turkey. To the last of the two ad ditional propositions that in relation to blockades there can certainly be no ob jection. It is merely the definition of what shall constitute the effectual investment of a blockaded place, a definition for which lhis government has always contended, claiming indemnity for losses vyhere a prac tical violation of the rule thus defined has li&iii tuiiirirma to our commerce. As to the remaining article of the declaration of the conference of Paris "that privateering is and remains abolished" I certainly can not ascribe to the powers represented in the conference of Paris any but liberal and phil anthropise views in the attempt to change the unquestionable rule of maritime law in regard to privateering. Their proposition was doubtless intended to imply approval of the principle that private property upon the ocean, although it might belong to the citizens of a belligerent State, should be exempted from capture; and had that prop osition been so framed as to give full effect to the principle, it would have received my ready asse nt on behalf of the United States. But the measure proposed is inadequate to that purpose. It is true that, if adopted, private property upon the ocean would be withdraw n from one mode of plunder, but left exposed, meanwhile, to another mode, which could bo used with increased effect iveness. The aggressive capacity of great naval powers would be thereby augmented, while the defensive ability of others would bo reduced. Though the surrender of the means of prosecuting hostilities by employ ing privateers, as proposed by the confer ence of Paris, is mutual in terms, yet, in practical effect, it would be the relinquish ment of a right of little value to one class of States, but of essential importance to an other and far larger class. It ought not to have been anticipated that a measure so inadequate to the accomplishment of the proposed object, and so unequal in its oper ation, would receive the assent of all mari time powers, Private property would bo still left to the depredations of the public armed cruisers. 1 have expressed a readiness on the part of this government to accede to .ill the prin ciples contained in the declaration of the conference of Paris, provided that the one relating to the abandonment of privateering can be so ame nded as to effect the object for which, as is presumed, it was intended the immunity of private property on the ocean from hostile capture. To effect this object, it is proposed to add to the declara tion that "privateering is and remains abol ished" the following amendment: " And that the private property of subjects and citizens of a belligerent on the high seas shall bo exempt from seizure by the public armed vessels of the other belligerent, ex cept it be contraband." This amendment has been presented not only to the powers that have asked our assent to the declara tion to abolish privateering, but to all other maritime States. Thus far it has not been reiected by any, and is favorably entertain ed by .all who have made any communica tion in reply. Several of the governments, regarding with favor the proposition of the United States, have delayed definite action upon it only for the purpose of consulting with others, parties to the conference of Paris. I have the satisfaction of stating, however, that the Emperor of Russia has entirely and explicitly approved of that modification, and will eo-operate in endeavoring to ob tain the assent of other powers; and that assurances of a similar purjiort have been received in relation to the disposition of the Emperor of the French. The present aspect of this important subject allows us to cherish the hope that a principle so humane in its character, so just aud equal in its operation, so essential to the prosperity of commercial nations, aud so consonant to the sentiments of this enlightened period of the world, will com mand the approbation of all maritime pow ers, and thus be incorporated into the code of international law My views on the subject are more fullv set forth in the reply of the Secretary of State, a copy- of which is herewith transmit ted, to the communications on the subject made to this government, especially to the communication of France. The government of the United States has at all times regarded with friendly interest the other States of America, formerly, like this country, European colonies, and now independent members of the great family of nations. But the unsettled condition of some of th.-m. distracted by frequent revo lutions, and thus incapable of regular and firm internal administration, has tended to embarrass occassionally our public inter course, by reason of wrongs which our cit izens suffer at their hands, and which they are slow to redress. I nfortunately it is against the republic if Mexico, with which it is our special de sire to maintain a good understanding, that such complaints arc most numerous ; and, although earnestly urged up..n its atten tion, they have not as yet received the con sideration which this government had a right to expect. While reparation for past injuries has been withheld others have been added. The political condition of that country, however, has been such as to de mand forbearance on the part of the United States. I shall continue my efforts to pro cure for the wrongs of our citizens that re dress which is iudispensible to the contin ued friendly association of the two republics. The peculiar condition of affairs '.n Nica ragua in the early part of the present year rendered it important that this government should have diplomatic relations with that State. Through its territory had been open ed one of the principal thoroughfares across the isthmus connecting North and South America, on which a vast amount of pro perty was transported, and to which our citizens resorted in great numbers in pass ing between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States. The protection of both required that the existing power in that State should be regarded as a respon sible government : and its minister was ac cordingly received. But he remained here only a short time. Soon thereafter the political affairs of Nicaragua underwent unfavorable change, and became involved in much uncertainty and confusion. Dip lomatic representatives from two contend ing parties have been recently sent to this government; but, with the imperfect infor mation possessed, it was not possible to de cide which was the government tie facto ; and awaiting further developments, I have refused to receive either. Questions of the most serious nature are pending between the United States and the republic of New Granada. The gov ernment of that republic undertook, a year since, to impose tonnage duties on foreign vessels in her ports, but the purpose was resisted by this government, as being contrary to existing treaty stipulation with the United States, and to rights conferred by charter upon the Panama Railroad Company, and was accordingly relinquished at that time, it being admitted that our i . . a a 1 i vessseis were entitled to te exempt irom tonnage duty in the free ports of Panama and Aspinwall. But the purpose has been recently revived, on the part of New Granada, by the enactment of a law to subject vessels visiting her ports to the tonnage duty of forty cents per ton; and, although the law has not been put in force, vet the right to enforce it is still asserted, and may, at any time, be acted on by the government of that republic. The Congress of New Granada has also enacted a law during the last year which levies a tax of more than three dollars on every pound of mail matter transported across the isthmus The sum thus required to be paid on the mails of the United States would be nearly two million dollars annually, in addition to the large sum payable bv contract to the Panama Rail road Company. If the only objection to this exaction were the exorbitancy of its amount.'it could not be submitted to by the I'nited States. The imposition of it, however, would obviously contravene our treaty with New Granada, and infringe the contract of that republic with the Panama Railroad Com panv. The law providing for this tax was, by its terms, to take effect on the first of September last; but the local authorities on the isthmus have been induced to suspend its execution, and to await further instructions on the subject from the government of the republic. I am not 37et advised of the determination uf that government. If a measure so extraordinary in its character, and so clearly contrary to treaty stipulations, and the contract rights of the Panama Railroad Company, composed mostly ot American citizens, should be persisted in, it will be the duty of the United States to resist its execution. I regret exceedingly that occasion exists to invite your attention to a subject of still graver import in our relations with the republic of New G ranada. On the fifteenth day of April last a riotous assemblage of the inhabitants of Panama committed a violent and outrageous attack on the premises of the railroad company, and the passengers and other persons in or near the same, involving the death of several citizens of the United States, the pillage of many others, and the destruction of a large amount of property belonging to the rail road company. I caused full investigation of that event to be made, and the result shows satisfactorily that complete respon sibility for what occurred attaches to the government of New Granada. I have, therefore, demanded of that government that the perpetrators of the wrongs in question should be punished; that provision should be made for the families of citizens of the United States who were killed, with full indemnity for the property pillaged or destr ved. The present condition of the isthmus of I Panama, in so far as regards the security j of persons and property passing over it, requires serious consideration. Recent incidents tend to show that the local authorities cannot be relied on to maintain the public peace of Panama, and there is just ground for apprehension that a portion of the inhabitants are meditating further outrages, without adequate measures for the security and protection of persons or property having been taken either by the State of Panama or by the general gov ernment of New Granada. Under the guarantees of treaty, citizens f the United States have, by the outlay of several million dollars, constructed a railroad across the isthmus, and it has become the main route between our Atlantic and Pacific possessions, over which multitudes uf our citizens and a vast amount of property are constantly passing to the security and protection of all which, and the continuance of the public advantages involved, it is impossible for the government of the United States to be indifferent. I have deemed the danger of the recurrence of scenes of lawless violence in this quarter so imminent as to make it my duty to station a part of our naval force in the harbors of Panama and Aspinwall, in order to protect the persons and property of the citizens of the United States in those ports, and to insure to them safe passage across the isthmus. And it would, in riv judgmeut, be unwise to withdraw the naval force now in those ports until, by the spontaneous action of the republic of New Granada, or otherwise, some adequate arrangement shall have been made for the protection and security of a line of inter oceanic communication, .so important at this time, not to the United States only, but to all other maritime States both of Europe and America. Meanwhile, negotiations have been instituted, by means of a special commission, to obtain from Xew Granada full indemnity for injuries sustained by our citizens on the isthmus, and satisfactory security for the general interests of the United States. In addressing to you my last annual message, the occasion seems to me an appropriate one to express my congratula tions in view of the peace, greatness, and felicity which the United States now poeaesfl and enjoy. To point you to the state of the various departments of the government, and of all the great branches of the public service, civil and military, in order to Bpeftk of the intelligence and the integrity which pervades the whole, would be to indicate but imperfectly the adminstrative condition of the country, and the beneficial effects of that on the general welfare. Nor would it suffice to say that the nation is actually at neaee at home and abroad; that its industrial interests are prosperous; that the canvas of its manners whitens every sea, ana me plough of its husbandmen is marching steadily onward to the bloodless conquest of tbe continent; that cities and populous States are springing up, as if by enchant ment, from the bosom of our western wilds. ami that the courageous enenrv of our people is making of these United States the great republic of the world. These results have not been attained without passing through trials and perils, by experience of which, and thus only, nations can liarden into manhood. Our forefathers were trained to the wisdom which conceived aud the courage which achieved independence bv the circumstances which surrounded them. and they wcVe thus made capable of the creation of the republic. It devolved on the next generation to consolidate the work of the revolution, to deliver the c untry entirely from the influences of d inflicting transatlantic partialities or antipathies, which attached to our colonial and revolutionary history. and to organize the practical operation of the constitutional and legal institutions ot the Union. To us, of this generation, remains the not less noble task of maintain ing and extending the national power. We have at length reached that stage of our country's career in which the dangers to be encountered, and the exertions to be made, are the incidents, not of weakness, but of strength. In foreign relations we have to attemper our power to the less happy condition of other republics in America, and to place ourselves in the calmness and conscious dignity of right by the side of the greatest and wealthiest of the empires of Europe. In domestic relations we have to guard against the shock ot the discontents, the ambitious, the interests, and the exuberant, and, therefore, sometimes irregular impulses of opinion, or of action, which arc the natural product of the present political elevation, the self-reliance and the restless spirit of enterprise of the people of the United States.' I sball prepare to surrender the executive trust to my successor, and retire to private life with sentiments of profound gratitude to the good Providence which, during the period of my administi ition,has vouchsafed to carry the country through many diffi culties, domestic ami foreign, and which enables me to contemplate the spectacle ot amicable and respectful relations between ours and ail other governments, an 1 the establishment of constitutional order and transquillity throughout the Union. FRANKLIN PIERCE. Washington, December 2, 1856. Garuixer, Me., June 22, 1651. Wat. II. Dver Dear Sir: 1 Juve used two boi llesofProf. Woo.i's Hair Restorative, and can tru ly say it is the greatest discovery of t lie age lor restoring and changing the Hair. Before using it I was as gray as a man ot seventy. My hair has now attained its original eolor. You can recom mend it to the world without ihe least tear, as inv case was one ot the worst kind. Sale oi Tow n fotxi, The most desirable in Charlotte. X tlie 1st day of January, 1857. will b X tlie 1st day of January, 1K77, will be sold V7, on tiie premises, the .s jots anunm"- the Lot of Dr. J.M. Davidson, on Trade Street, a part of the Instate ot .1. J. Davidson, deceased. Terms mad" known on day of Sale E. NYE HUTCHISON, A.-'t of S. NYE HUTCHISON, Ex'r. Dec. 9, 1856- 23-4t olace-En! ity Sales. Y older of Court, I will '.cpose to liuldic sale, at tiie Court House, in Charlotti mi the lOthdav of January next. 7 Likely Negroes : tiit.At l , ag. i -.i to o.i vears. .UM.SAKAII.. ALFKED Kt, GREEN I I.CREACY, ir 7. and JIM. ir..:!. All to I.e sold on a credit of 12 months, the purchasers piving Bonds with interest from the day ol sale, w iMi ri proved security. 1. R. DUNLAP, M. E. Dee. 9, 1856 tlOjan FAMILY GROCERIES. SUGARS Loaf, Crushed, Ground, Porto Rico and H. C. COFFEE Mocha, old Java, Lagruira and i Rio, of various qualities, old and new crop. lhA (.nil Powder ami Imperial, a choice article. MOLASSES New Orleans, Cuba and Cien- fugos. CHEESE Goshen and Pine CHOCOLATE No. 1 and Apple. La Vanill. th. latter a superior article. SARDINES Half and Quarter Boxes. RAISINS Whole, Half and Quarter Boxes SICILY ALMONDS, Filberts, Currants Citron, Mace, Nutmegs, Macarino and Venna cilia. CANDLES Star and other Brands, in w hole halt and (' IK boxes. BUCKWHEAT FLOUR -Whoh t. r Bids. CANDIES Assorted and Fancy. CRACKERS Batter and Soda! PICKLED SALMON, Mackerel, and Lobsters. Smoked Tongues and Codfish. am! ijuar- Tongnee A proud Stock of PRIME CIGARS, of the Washington, O. R. Salbana, Don Pedro and oth. r Brands, All of which will be sold low for CASH, by THOMAS M. FARROW. " Dec. 9, 1856. sf3-tf Wanted. fkAABUSHELS of dried Peaches, fWW W pealed and unpealed.for which the HIGHEST CASH price will be paid by Dec. 9. IS56 tf T. M. FARROW. Notice. I WILL sell my Lands containing about .ViO Acre, 1 mile and :U4 South-east of Da vidson College, there is a comfortable dwelling, Cm Honse and appnrtenannes. with other nerval sary buildup thereon. The land well adapt- ed to the culture ol cotton and gram, well water-' ed, a branch of Rocky River running through Itbc entire breadth, on which is sosne 50Acres SUP ! RIOR BOTTOM, well drained, and in cultiva- tion. Also, a tine JacK, v. ais oi.J. i,-,li,i, ! size. Six shares in the C. S. Plunk Eoad. One scholarship at Davidson College. Will be sold with the above lands 15 Acres Of Land, the property ot A. M. &. J. R. QiUeapie, on which is a steam Saw Mill of the capacity of 90 horse power, in successful operation, to which is annexed a pair of Corn Rocks, capable of grinding 150 bushels ot corn in ten hours. The machinery is pood, only iiM-d about 11 months, being built by S N . gtabbfl & Sou, Linconton, N. C A ntre channe hi now offered in Lands and Mills, and those wishing desirable property would do Ayell to look early. Possession given when de sired. Terms accommodating. A. MONROE GILLESPIE. Elysiau Grove, Meek'tr. Dec. 9, l-r.6. 3w b Mew Store. J. & E. B. STOWE HAVING removed to their Hew Storo , Main-street, below Young &. William? Hotel, and opposite Boone & Co.'s new s( S Store, where they now have ousale a large st,!, k vJ LTi V and such other articles as are usually kept in s,, Houses, including their Domestic and COTTON YARN. Now in Store :?U0 Sacks Salt. 40 BbU. N, w Orleans Molasses. 5 Hhds. beat Poctorico .o' S hhds. West India do. 5 hhds. Cuba. 5 hbdi" of good Brown Sugar. 40 bbls. Extra Jo' i bbls. Cruskad do. 100 bags good Ctflat. p f lish dairy and common Cheese, Bagging Sir and Twine, Adamantine and Tallow Cami")." North Carolina and Western Whiskey. All at the Lowest Price. I3FVe respectfully solicit a call from bay n J. St E. 15. STOWE Dec. 9, 1956 tf NEW GOODS, At the Charlotte Bakery A. Confectionery, WE rcspact fully inform the oiuxens of Char, lotte and vicinity, that we are ICC iv inv direct from New York and Charleston, a larg. ;ul we'd selected stock of Coods, which i r are d. ., . mined to sell as low as tin y can he had in ii,;, market. The following consists in part of our stock, viz : Coffee, Sugar, Molasses, ttice, Mack, erel. in kits and barrels. Adamantine Csnilli . Mackaroni, Table Salt. Powder, Shot, Vi .. Cor rants, Citron, Raise ns, Prunes, Canton (linger Preserves, Syrups, Catsups, &c, a No. I article of English Dairy Cheese at a low price, ,-,,, article of Buckwheat Floor. West India Frahs Oranges, Lemons, Pine Apples, Coconuts, Jke. A large assort meal of Toys and famv articles. Also, a splendid lot of fresh Candies and CaW. , both dressed and plain for the Christmas holi days. Weddings and parties furnished at short notice. We will have ou hand a splendid lot f Fire Works for Christmas, &c. All of which w.- intend to sell at a short prolif. e w ould res pectfully im ite mi.' and all to give us a call. We here lir. leave to return our thanks to a generous public for the liberal patronage wc have received trout their hands, ai.d respectfully solicit n contin uance ofthe same. MOORE" & MOODY. D. c. t, 1856 It State oi North Carolina, LINCOLN COUNTY. Court of Pleas and Quartt r Sessions, Ajiril Session, lS."ii. J. W' Low. , Adm'r, and others, vs. Rnfus Ballard and others. Petition to sell Real Estate for assets in the hands of the Administrator. It appearing from the affidavit of Petitioner, J. W.Lowc, that Rufus Ballard, David Ballard, Presley Cox and wife Kpsry, tbe defendants in this proceeding, are non-residents of this State, and beyond the ordinary process of this Court. It is therefore ordered thai publication be made in the Western Iteniocrst tor rix weeks, notify ing the said defendants thai they be ami appear at the next Court of Plena and (Quarter Session, to be held for flu- county of Lincoln ut the Vvutt House iu Lineolnton, on the 2d Me-uday in Jan uary, 1857, then and there to plead, answer o( demur to Plaintiffs petition, or JodgUM'Ut. ttfs eott&SSO, will be taken against tin in, and iY cree made exparte according to the merits of Plaintiff's petition. In testimony whereof, I have this, 4lli Dec, ISfsS, signed my name and affixed tbe teal of said ( 'ouuty J. A. HI SS. Cleik. By W. K. CLAKK. 1). C. 'j::-Ct jVotes ofi IS a 32 l, JUST PRINTED and for sale at theOfhcs oi tin- "Western Democrat." UAH AUTD EYE. DRS. LeBKUN IAD DITTOS, OCULISTS AND ARTISTS. I IL LkBkUN oli'-:rs to those suffering from Deafness bis infalliable Aural Remedies, winch have been successliil in neatly line thousand cases oi confirmed Deafness. I bess remedies have been pronounced hy Drs kbra mer, ol Berlin; itard and Ueleau, of Pans; and Curtis, 1 ilcher ami Ycrsly,ol London, a-the m st wonder ul ever applied f. r diseases of the internal and middle ear. They comprise dif ferent courses for lie various diseases th.it affect the externa!, internal and middle ear. It' the disease is confined to the external i ai , their effects are apparent on the fifth i sixth day. Dr. LeCrun warrants a curt- in every case, when the car is perfect in its formation. He has eighteen certificates from those who have been deaf from ii.iancy, whose bearing is now completely restored, and they arc now i nabled to b arn the language. Over twenty seven hundred cases of deafness have been successfully healed by him. Certificates to that effect may be seen on application. in nervous affections, inflammation and mu. o us accumulation in the k-vslachian Tmit "'"J Tympanum, thickening and inllarnination the Memltrana Tjmfffiti or "drum," Oiouliuia or discharges ot matter from fie Auditory i'au'tl; when the deafness has been producer by Scarlet, Typhus, Bilious, or Remittent r e. ver, Colds, use ol Quinine oi M urcuiial Medi cines, Mumps, atheiriiigs in the Lars, etc., or when it is accompanied with noises like tail ing water, chirp tig of insect, whizzing ot steam, rustling of leaves, ringing of bells, pulsaiiope, etc., etc., the disease can be lath ed y and permanently cured. Dr. Diifton is the only practitioner in th United Mat. s who practices the new, pain less, and successful method in treating all lbs diseases to w hich the Eye is subject. Whi te every other ma ns nas failed to afford rilief, he asks from such a fair and impartial triab TESTIMONY. Tho undersigned practitioners of Medicine in the city ol New Y ork, having bad occasion to witness the practice of Drs. LeBrun ft 1'iiN ton, iu diseases oi the Ear and Lye, laying aside all professional j. a'ousy, iieely adn.U that the course pursued by them in treating diseases of these dHecatc organs, from th. im daralleled success at ti ndingit, is well worthy the attention of our professional brethren throughout the United States, believing a we do, that Aural Suigery has not met with that attention which its importance aV wands. Their system ol treating disi ases ol the middle and internal Ear, iu chronic or com plicated cases by means of "Medicated a p rs," forms a new era in the practice of Aotel Surgery, and tills up a raid which ha l""g been felt by t be general pe titioner. I" . tases of the Lye, they Seldom require t'i resort to an operation. As skillful Artists and Oc ulists, enthusiastically devoled to their pto fession. we cordially recommend them to 0CB as require their aid. Signed, WILLIS MORTON, M-U. V.I). MOTT, M. P. C A. DLVLL1N, M. D. HORACE W V ATT, M. D. J. B. FRANCIS, M. ! New York, 10th August, 1810. Students wishing lo perfect themselves in this branch of Medical Science, will find an kr- i, ,hP Kar mmd Lye Infirmary of Dr. Delacy Lebrunn, it m . , ari Hmfn 1 ace' Chm,lues every Tuesday and r:day af ernoor)S. fror one till three 0 clock, d;J',lnK M' (J'Cl1 Ctdhwi terms. d"r"ls- senuing a ievv panicum.. - their cases, can have remedies sent to any part. TERMS: Five Dollars consultation fee. Ten dollars to be paid when the hearing is restored to its original acuteness. Address, Drs. J. Delacy, LeBrtin aud Dui ton, Union Place, New Yo'k City. N. B. A treatise on the nature and treat ment of Deafness and diseases of the Par, with the treatment of the Deaf and Dumb. Price One Dollar. Money letters must be registered by the Post Master, such only being at our risk. Correspondents must enclose postage for return answers, tbe new law requiring rre" payment of letters. December 9, 1856 6rn
Dec. 16, 1856, edition 1
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