().\ THK V WHST SII>K OF TIIADH 8TR?:ET ^ U. I. YlflB, K'”™" •CHARACTER IS AS IMPUliTAXT TO STATES AS IT IS TO INDIVIDUALS, AXD THE GLORY OF THE ONE IS THE COMMON PROPERTY OF THE OTHER. S3 per annum IN ADVANCE.. CTTAP.LOTTE, N. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1861. NINTH V OLCME—NUMBER 448. THE WSS’KSS BSISOraJ’f, (QPublislud every Tuesday,'^ 15V W I M. I A M .1. V A T E , a .i> I’UoritiKTou. I f pil id i II Mil , •" *’ * within .( j U'jiiiiil iiUtT the cx/nralioii jf (1r'jear, 3 00 jBfc-iV”' Any |i r.'on iis five nkw !^ut).'crih»TS, .*ii rcini.:nii-1 liy lli‘ a'Uancf siih,-crii.tl>u ($10j will rv.-civf ;i sixlli foiij. -rini- for one year. | .'lib i riliei* luni others w lio may with to tieiid ! *t»;iui do 'O h\ iiiiiil, iit our liblv. | T-;insioiit adv iTti ‘ ineiitH inu«t be paid for in ! a>l'.JMC*. I ]y-iS" Ad iTtinot on the nianiiseripf ' ti.r ;I tiiiie. uili be in iiu-d until forbid, and ; •'•■'■'irdiTi:-ly. j %l. AOTIC K. iip.s. M. P>. TAVLoIt and .J. M. MII.LLKR have -'■M-iiited thenisol'o- for tiie jirartice of MHDK'INE, I ail of it? variou- branchc'. Oil'u e at Ur. Milller’s old st.'ind. (.Jctober 2.i. 1800. TKUIT A.\» TKi:i: STOBti:. The subscriber has o])eiu-d out next door iiliove l!verly'> Tin-Shop, in the Mansion jlouse i5uildliir. und will keep on hand a well .'eleeled >toi'k of Fruit Trees, and .Shrubbery, A:e. Also, - A{)pk';, Uranj^e-;. Lenioi;s, E. W . LVLES. ;rape Vines, Kver^rrecu.s F;'uits of variou.s kinds I’int- Apple-^, ;c., &c. iJtc. 11, 1800. tf. SAMl’Kl r. SMITH. 1 Aaiifl L.nw, j (’IIAi:i-'TTi-:, X I \ViU attr-nd }iruv:i-'>l eolioetiiijr and , r. iiil":;;/ il '■; : itni ud to hi' ran-. , , ' I i.'d ■ :. CM i 1 th'' i ilin;: otDeed.'. Con- i ' i \-i* V ji II «•- .S ‘ ^ j j-r • |iii ,'i_' '■ iiti' of iiii ine.'. tiiav lie tontid in the l Cui.' t H':'! '• il;: -r !. . Ijoinin;/ the elerk’-; ulh'T. j .J.iiMi ri" ]t. r (i'l ; .1. rox, .A-tt OX^XXOy Ijft'lTKr, I (11A i:LOTTK, N. (’. j i,/ Xi:i/ \I. ro/.IJJ ACF.ST. ,M!;« i' .'ii ti ■■ t'oiir! :■ I dotir I'l th! left, down >lairs. Wrn. J. K(‘rr, A TTO U \ i: V AT I. A W, (TlAlll.OTTK, X. \\ il hi til'- I -unity and .np« vior C.,urt.' of AJi . «!' -:r.' Ciiiii^: and raliairU' eoimtie'. • >tn- >■ ill t!'.e Hiavilc\ IxtiMinir oiipo.'it' Kerr's lintel, i.iry '.’1 I ■ ’ y K06i;i!T (;I9!I!()N, M. I).. I'si i TI i'ii>^i;it «>i’ .11 j;3>n:i\i: AM> (>;•'. A' - /r^rin's ClIAIlLoTTK, N. (\ '.'■■I •: '.er I'J. I . I.t W .M. II. KKUi:. LKi: & KKKll. ATTORNEYS AND COUr^SELLOPS AT LAW, A,\l> S'iijciTi'i;s IN ('ilA.\('i-;i;v, Memphis, Tennessee. MiTi'!• I'ier till' iiatik, on ;lie I'oi'iu r ol iil.iJ .\fai!.i- i; .'^t I i-ets. !,f llnlilwxj ('nurts: u>'i-!i.” -lih >f:iii ? i- ill M;i.^ and Nov. ’,ui I If id Mfiiiiav in .ian.. .May and .S»-pti inbT. i Law 1-t .'.Ji>;)d.iy in Man h. .July and Nov'r. f'iiiMiNn. '.' i ?.l(iiuiav in Fcbrviary. .Inne anl (letoln-r. C, I rs.I'j V ( iici iT ( I'l !i r, .\i!K.—2d Monday in May .NllVi lllhiT. .I.tlt. ,fd J R. W'. BHCKWriTi 11 a.'- enuMaiitly on hand WATCHES. JEWELRY, PLATED WARE, &C., ttl the 1,1't Kii”lisli and AuuTi-un in;iiiiif;u turers. •’.ili am! I'x.iiniHv iii-; t(i-k before pMrehasi.ij' l.-icwliere. W .itrli I ryslals j»nt in for '1~> rents ea«-h. ctir ■ r s, I.""!'* y S’v John T. Butler, PU SCI K’.VK Walrli and t'loeli ?IakT, Orj’tf.^lTK Ki:U!t> I1iTKI., ('ho rh,lf,-, A'. ii. te u itli 1\. \V. ISeekwlth. I I'iin* C |o«-k» At ot'every 1. srriji»iii='i, IJejjaiied .and Warranted for 12 iijonths. t'l t 1' . 1.Still. tf J. G. WILKINSON 6l CO., l»KAl,!.l{.‘ i.N 0 13.0 S, , ^ .,„g, M'nmm, ^ v#"8 Ware \M' I'AM'V noon.-!. No. 5, Granite Range, ’Plii"ilr the M.in.^ion House. (.'11 .Vl{l,(>T’fE. .N. C. At’eiitiuii j'lwn |i> llrpiiirin^" Wnli lies and Jewelry. Srp'. I'-. I'l; I. y New Supply of ^VAT^lll;s. JKW Solid silver and Pliilcd Ware. I lie sub'i-rii er h.i'l.i: 1-, pureha^e.! a \i-rv e.xJeU'ivi .-■'iippl v o/ the Jii.\ e .1 ; i l(i> pureiiases beili^' ni.ide dir. -tly Iro-u tie, > iin ii.rer. liei^ therefon enahled to m'!1 at a \i \ muhI advance on I'o.'t. and persons in;;_( rest as.'iir'.l ;i]; lij.. articles are war- rtinted to be u liat he repr. eut> thi-ni to be. W atelie.' aiid l uk- c.iretully repaired and will lei eui- iny person,il .-iltention. i;. w. r.ECKwiTii. N 'v.i.Mio tf t'liarSoltr X l\ Kailroafl. On and ai'te: the !'irst K.XI’UKSS I'Ur.lCll 1' T| I'hiirl.itte I'.id iMiabline' iVfi^lit- ; , from New York, and in i'/. t’ r. r.*^r. Also. T!il!()r(;il Tl( lotte to (’liarlestou at •'liarle'ton S'eainers. at ■ li.int and public are e\peditii'US route for I’n ' b !^ 2, Imm). tf ay of October. TlliUiri'.H I.\1N,'^ will run l>ai!y between . wUh'sut transshipment, thus I' ll i’harh.': le in days cir b ss one .;.iy fiom t'h.trleslon. and KKr."^ will he si^ld from Char- and to New ^'ork. \ ia >l;‘. and nc>' r.rfd. The mer- ii!'’t«d to try this idieaji aini iuilits and pa^.-e|luf■•rs. A. H .M AIM-IN, lieii l Ft. and TieKel A^ri.nt. VAM ABI.E 1*I>A\TATIO.> I'OK »Al.i:. The subscriber oflers for .=ale that valuable I’lant:'.- tion foi’inerly owned b}' the Uev. II. I!. CiinninL'ham. situ:Uei nine miles north of (’iiarlotte. The tiuct jf land contains TOO ucrca, about iioO ofwhii h are cleared, including a j.(ood uieailow ot 2.') or ^o aere.s—lh- bal- ane is irood wooddand. The A., Tenn. vt t)hio Kail- ro;id passes through the (ilantation. 'i’here L a fine Dwelling Hou.'e containing nine rooms with 8 fire places, and all necessary out-buildingi. (!ood water ‘on venient. For further inforniatioii apply to the undersigned at his residence (jr address him at Craighead P. O., or a[iplv to .J. .McAulev on the premises. U. I*,. lirNTEIl. December 4. ,'!ni-pd Quinn’s Rheumatic Remedy Has elfected cure'of Ulieumati^m that w i re eonsiil* r‘d hoiieless. certilicales to prove whici; an ' i .i.ibit: d. The snfiering are invited to gi\c t!.- : ■ '!. ()rders addres.'cd to the under receive prompt .Utentioii. \' . .\j)i'il lu. IHii'l. Price .^1 ’■ Hardware !! Hardware i! A. A. i\. 31. TAVlJ»ii J K.SPFl'Tl'l'LLV informs his I'riend' and the pi;b- lie generally, that he lias added to his c.Meiisive st(ji k of .''t(nes and Tin Ware, a large and coinplele sU.-ck u!'iJardware. consisting in j'.irt as follows; Carpenters’ Tools. Cireular, mill, crosscut, hand, ripper, ])aniiel, prnn- in^, grafting, teiinon, Iiack, compas,-, webl), and liulcli- er S.WVS: llraces and bits, Draw Knives, Chisstls, .'.iigers, (limlets. Hammers, llatehits. and .V.xes: Hriek. jda>le! iiiL;', aild })o 1IItiiig TroWe 1 s; .'^aw-setters, .“^crtMV- plaie-...'':i>. k-' and dies, Plaiu-s ol' all i;inds. .Spoke- sliave.'. Slei-l-blade bevel and try Sijiiares: Spirit Levels Pocket Level', .''piiit level \'ials. Itoring machines, (ioiigers. and in tact evorlhiuj'a mechanic wants, in great v.irietyand at veiy low prices, at 'f.WLlM;'.'^ Hardware .''tnre and Tin-ware Depot, opposite the .Man sion House, Ciiarlotle, N. C. May 2;>, It^Oo. tf Blacksmith’s Tools. Sncl. a- Hellows, An\ i!.'. A'iees, haml and .>lide Han;- m.-r.'. liutlresses. Farriers' Knives. .'^crew-]datcr, .'^toek> and 'lies, r.lacksmith's Fincei’s and Tongs, llas] ers and File> of every kinil. Cut horseshoe and clinch .Nails, ilora.x: Iron of all sizes, both of noi Hiern and country inanufiirture: ast, plow, blister and spring .'-^tei l; iVc., for >ak‘ very e!iea]p at TAVLOir.'^. opposite the Mansion House; j i Ludlow’s Celebrated Self-Sealing 1 Cans, ol'all the ciitlcrciit sizes, at TA\’LOU’S Hardware Store, opposite .Mansi(*n House. Agricultural Implements of all kinds. .'^traw Cutters, ('oin .''hellers. Plows. Hoes, ^'hovels, ."spades, l''orks, Axes, Picks. Mattocks. Crubbing Hoes. Trace Chains, Wagon Chains, Log Chains, Pruning and Hedge Shears, Pruning and budding Knives, gar- di'ii Hoes and Hakes, with haiiille.s; (Hrain Cradles: ^rain, gras and brier Scythes, Busli Hooks, Wagon boxes: IHdlow ware. su h as ]ints. ovens and lids, skillits. 'pi- d rs, stew-pans and kettles, ('aublrons frun 2lT to I’JU gallon.^ Mch: Iron and brass Preserving Kettles, Sheep Shears. \c., at TAVLl »R'.S Hardware Depot, opjiosite the .Mansion Hou.*e. Tin and Japanned Ware, .\ large as'ortmeiit; Illi.ek Tin, I'dock Zinc, Tin Plate. Habbit metal, iVc. Stoves, the largest ?tf»ck. all sizes, at T.VVLoK'.'^ Ha-dware. .Stove and Till ware Di pot, o]ij)osit' Mansion Honse !100 lSi:WAKI>! RAN.VWAV t'rom the subscriber on the 1st ()*t(djer a mulatto boy named .SOL(>.MON. He is near si.\ feet high, about thirty years old. tob r;:bly bright, rather .'liin. anil weighs about 1T."> ]ionniL'. He has a down lo(di when spoken to. Tlie end of the forelinger of his left hanil has been cut off. and a sharp hard knot has grown on the cud of it. 1 think he is lurking about Rocky River, in the lower eml of ('i\barrus county, where he W iS raised. l-'.T" -VII persons are ti rewarned not to harbor or assist him. under the pi'nalty of the law. I will ]>av the above reward for his didivcry to me. or his aj.prehension and confmcMienf in .nny jail so 1 caneethim. WILLIAM HAMILTON. N'eero Head Depot, Cnion ('o., N. (’. April 0. 18i:o. ' tf Q{et*r C attle Wauled. I Hii/hrst ('(ish jxi id /or ’ 1 am 'till ensraged in Butcliering, an.l desire to pur- ^ ! cIm'C r.eef Cattle and Sheep, for whiidi I will pay the j iiighe>t market prices. 'riios‘ having stock tor sale will fitid It to their advan'acre to give mo a call, in- . lui’ i a' Dr. Taylor's Tan \ ai d. ^ _ -1. I Mill. 20-tf -L L. SToFT. \otim:. ; Taken nji and c.iuiiiiifted to the . I county, on the >''th i ay ot .'''; t' ' ' bi>y al.-'Ut IS n;- 'Jo vear.' ot age. or s iiii lu ' hi-li. He says his r. ' he belongs t'l .lohn Worthy 't ■ ■ ■ , master moved to Texas I'arly la.’ ; time he ran aw;iy from him. Jim can scarcely cotiun'inicafe anyti:': _ it i : or home with any intelligence. He ha' a sear i-r hi> right fore iiiiger. made by a cutting knit' . T !.* ouner is reiiucsted to cotue tor vard. pr^.ve prtiperiy. pay x- pen.'.r, and take s.iid b .y away, otherwise he will 1 e di>p 'Sed of according to law. Oi't. ;t. Is;:.). tf F.. C. CnilKR. .'^hcrMf TWENTY YEARS AGO. How wondrous are the changes, Jim. Since twenty year? a"o, When "als wore woollen dresses, Jim, And boys wore pants of tow; When shoes were made of calf-skin, And Pocks of home-spun wool; And children did a huH'-day’s work, ]}efore the hour of school. Tlie "iris took music lessons, Jim, rpon the .spinning wheel. And practiced lute and early, Jim, On spindle swift and reel, The boys wou.^ ride “bare-back” to mill, A dozen miles or so, And hurry off’before 'twas day— Some twenty years ago. The people rode to meeting, Jim, III sleds instead of sleiglis, And wagons rode as ea.sy, Jim As buggies now-a-day.s; And oxen answered well for teams— I'hough now they’d be too slow; For peojile lived not hall so fast Some twenty year^ ago. 0, well do T remcuiber, .Tim, 'fhat “Wilson’s Patent Stove,” That hither boi ght and paid for, Jim, In cloth our girls had wove, And how the neighbors wondered \\ lu ll we got the thing to go; 'I'hey said ’twould Imr-^t and kill us all; SoiiK* twenty years ago. Ves, every thing is ditlV-rent, Jim, I'rom what it used to was; i’or nu ll are always taiiijieriiig, Jim, With dud's great natural laws— And what on earth we’re coming to, 1 lues anybody know!' For everything has changed so much. Since twenty y(.ars ago. ? Ouing to the presout diilicultieE of our country and the distracted stale of business, X3.a 037C103:* to it bi'comes tiecessarv for us to make AX APPEAL TO OIR llSTOliERS in self-deteiice. Those indebted to us, will do us a kindne^^ iiy coming forward and promptly paying up. 1/lsau‘r & ISitrron^lin^. Ji.nuary 1, IStJl ',iui WAATK5>, Every body to know that TROTTKU is at his Old .•Stanij. opposite f!ie .laii, and is [in jiari-d to repair, re paint and re-trim IJnggies and ('arriages in the best manner. He can jtut on ISuggies the neatest and best Tops ofany \v(jrknian in the county. Some new work will also be made. lie resjiectfully inlVinns the jiublic that he ‘-an make a l!u.r,i:y that will ride a man into otlice (or at least car ry him about w hile seeking the public stalls) or any where else. tiichanl the Third otfered his Kingdom tor :v horse, but if he had known Trotter he would also h.ive wa.nted a ]]iii;g\-, such as he, Joshua Trotter, can make or repair. So give him a call. Jan 1, Ksi;l. ;:m J. TROTTER. PFIl WKKK, CLEAR OF ALL EX- PEN.SES ! ! made by using the NEW PATENT IgOiUJ% ii [lUlCHiJi'E. Ojierated by -1 men can finish a \VelI 50 feet deep in one day. Parties w ho have bought the iiiglit to use this valuable Machine in this State, South Carolii a aiul (rcorgia. arc making from .S7,‘> to SlOO per week, (dear of all expen.'CS. Tlie Right for a few of tie; be.-^t counties in the .State for sale cheap. For furtlier particulars enclose stamp to CHAS. F. HARRIS, •Ian. 1, ISiJl 4t Ijo.'w 18. Concord, N. C. l>J^ot;ioo. From and after this day (1st of January, 1801.) we will be pleased to sidl our old frirnds and customers, ami the rest ot inankiiid. for ea*.|i, and ca**li only, any article in our line ofbusiness th.at wo may have on hand. Any person sending or coming for (jood.s after tiiis date, without money, will jilease excuse us if, in stead of (illing their order, we furnish them with a copy of this advertisement, /.s- ice are determined not to XI i,' (I ‘trlirle on credit. And those indebt-.-ii to ns are reciuested to call and pay, as we want the monev. OATES k AVILLIAMS. January 1, 1801 tf m:w i*ti:sTAn{AxNT. Having connected with niy Es tablishment an Eating and Refreshment Saloon, I am ])rcparod to serve niy friends and the public in the culinary line in the liest style. Ejiicurean.* will jilei -e give me ft call, nnd it shall be my constant study to please them. J. D. PALMER. (^ne door above the Rank of Charlotte. January 1 Atlantic'. Tetisi. A: Ohio 12. K. C o. Tilt .\nii :il Ml elintr of the stockiiolders of tlie A.. ■fcn:i. .V (K R. R. Company will t;ike place at Charlotte tin Weiiae-d;,y. the ::oth iu'lant. A = 1 .Stockholders are re ;;i 'ied to 1». ti.’W 'eiit in per'on »r by [iro.xy. At the ,';ime il e. a meeting ..f the Directors will t;ike phice. WM. JOHNST(,)N. .1., 1 -tw Acting Pre.'ide:it. North Carolina 'il iMi. LIFE l.\srUAN(E COMPAM. 1C :mi .^!V the-dtlest and most reliable in the S' te, in.'iiii ' whi-e persons tf'r a term of years or i::. j.g e. • • e of liii . on nff'derate terms. .Slaves iu':!!ed. * r ' , "r ti\eyear. t’.u’ two-lliirds of their mark-. t v F r Insura’.ice :;pplv to TllOS. W.' DKWEV. Agt.. J ill I iv at liranch Rank N. C. AT T WLOR s y.iu can find tiie largest a?'.irtiue!>t ot ( u’l'-ry Cuns and Pistols, of all the ceicbratta makes. of all sizes ami iinalities—both French and .111. A! ]*utty by the keg or ixMind. \\i>ii!»I,\ W\Ri-; lirooins, vV»’.| ofall kinds. rll I I.IJU S Carria-es. Cab', Ciaiiles. .Vc.. a b^auti- t’ul assortment always on hand at PALMER S Variety .''tore. One door above ;he Dank of Ciiarlotte. Dec 4 00 ISai!^in«4, Rai^iii^. Just n eeivetl. a large lot of fresh hunch Mallnga Piaisiiis: aLo a large supply of Figs. Dates. Prunes, ('iir- r.ints, \e.. at J D PALMER S Confectionary. Dec L l^'-0 * I The World ooming to an end. LOEWENSTEIN & BRO. wish to call the atTeut;- n o: rhc jn , - ie trading :ii Charlotte to the fact tl: a they are pre[i.i;etl to sell Dry Goods, clotiiing, Boots, Shoes, HATS, CAl’S, cVc., ch-ap- r ihan any h-usc in the St.Ue. In consequence ot h.i vir bi ':g-t a large stock ul reduced prices, wc are tb teni;’ni d to sell CHEAPEU THAN THE CHEAPEST. LUEWENSI'EIN !i BKO. ('ctoUer 1 ^ tf President Bnchanan’s Last x>Jessage« The following is the last Message of President Buchanan, transmitted to Congress on the 9th inst: To the. S'fT.fite and ILnist of Representatives : At the opening of your present session I called your attention to the dangers which threatened the existence of tb j Fnion. I expressed my opinion freely concerning the original causes of those dan- gars, and recommended such measures as I believ ed would have the effect of tran(|uilizitig the coun try and saving it from the peril in which it had been needles,^ly and most unfortunately involved. Those opinions and recommendations 1 do not now propo^e to repeat. My own convictions upon the whole subject remain unchanged. The fact that a great calamity was impending over the nation was even at that time acknowledged by every in telligent citizf^n. Tt had already made itself felt throughout the length and breadth of tlie land. The necessary consequences oi'the alarm thus pro duced were most deplorable—imports fell off" with a rapidity never known before, except in time of war, in tlie history of our foreign commerce; the treasury was unexpectedly left without means which it had re.ssonably counted upon to meet the public engagements; trade was paralyzed; manufactures were sto]>ped; the best public securities suddenly sunk in the market; every specics of property de preciated more or le.ss, and thousands of poor men, who depended upon their daily labor for their dai ly bread were tarned out of emplooment. 1 deeply regret that I am not able to give you any information upon the state of the Union which is more satisfactory than what I was then obliged to communicate. On the contrary, matters are still worse at present, than they then were. When Congress met, strong hojie ]iervaded the whole public mind, that some amicable adjustment of the subject would speedily be made by the re presentatives of the States and of the [»eople, which might restore peace between conflicting sections of the country. That hope has been diminished by every hour of delay, and as tlie prospect of a blood less settlement fades away, public distress becomes more and more aggravated. As evidence of this, it is only neces.sary to say that the treasury notes authorised by the :ict of the 17th of December last were advertised accord ing to law, and that no responsible bidder offered to take any considerable sum at par, at a lower rate of interest than 12 per cent. From these facts it ajipf'ars that in a government organized like ours, domestic strife, or even a well-grounded fear of civil hostilities, is more destructive to our public and private interest, than a most formibable foreign war. In niv annual message I expressed the convic- titin, which I have long deliberately held, and which recent refiection has only tended to deepen an 1 confirm, that no v'tate has a right, by its own act, to secede from the Union or to throw off its Federal obligations at pleasure. T also declarv.‘d my opinion to be, that even if that right existed ami should be exercised by any State of the con federacy, the executive department of this govern ment had no authority under the constitution to recognize its validity, by acknowledging the in dependence of such State. This left me no other alternative, as chief exe cutive officer under the constitution, but to collect the public revenues and toprotect the public prop erty. so far as this might be practicable under existing laws. This is still my purjiose. My pro vince is to execute and not to make laws. ft be longs to Congress exclusively to repeal, tt> modify or to enlarge their provisions to meet exigencies as they may occur. I possess no dispensing pow er. 1 certainly had no right make aggre.ssive war upon any State, and T am perfectly satisfied that the constitution has wisely withheld that power even from C’ongre.‘iS. But the right and duty to use military force de fensively against those who resist the federal of ficers in the execution of their legal functions, and against those who ussail the property of the fed?r- al governjiienr, is clear and undeniable. But a dangerous and hostile attitude of States towards each other has already far transcended and cast in the shade the ordinary executive duties already provided for by law, and has assumed such vast and alarming proportions as to place the subject entirely above and beyond executive control. The fact cannot be disguised that we are in the midst of a gi'^at revolution in all its various bear ings. Therefore, I commend the question to (’on- gress as the only human tribunal, under Provi dence. possessing power to meet the existing emer gency. TtJ them exclusively belongs the power to declare war or to authorize the employment of military force in all eases contemplated by the (’onstitution; and they alone possess power to re move grievances which might lead to war, and to secure peace and union to this distracted country. On them, and on them alone, rests the responsi bility. The T'nion is a sacred trust l‘?ft by our revolu tionary fathere to their descendants, and never did any other people inherit so rich a legacy. Tt has rendered us prosperous in peace and triumphant in war. Our national flag has floated in glory over everv sea. Under its shadow American citi zens have found protection and respect in all lands beneath the sun. If we descend to considerations of purely material interest, when, in the history of all time, has a confederacy been bound together by such strong ties of mutual interest? Each portion of it is dependent on all: and all upon each portion, for prosperity and domestic securi- ty. Free trade throughout the whole supplies the wants of one portion from the productions of an other. and scatters wealth every where. The great jilanting and fiirminc States require the aid of the commercial and navigating States to send their productions to domestic and foreign markets, and to furnish naval pover to render their transporta tion secure against all hostile attacks. Should t'iie T’nion perish in the midst of the present ex citement, we have already had sad foretaste of the universal suffering which would result from its destruction. The calamity would be severe in every portion of the Union, w’ould be quite as great, tosavthe least, in the .Southern asin the Northern States. The jrreatest airgravation of the evil, and that which would place us in a most unfavorable light, both before the world and posterity, is, as I am firmly convinced, that th«? secession movement baa been chiefly based upon a misapprehension at the South of the sentiments of the majority in several of the Northern States. Let the question be trans ferred from political assemblies to the ballot-box, and the people themselves would speedily redress all serious grievances which the South have suf fered. But in Heaven’s name let trial be made before we plunge into armed conflict upon mere assumption that there is no other alternative. Time is a great conservative power. Let us pause at this momentous point and afford the people, both North and South, an onporti-.nity for reflection. Would that South Carolina had been convinced of this truth before her precipitate action, people WHAT IS TO BECOME OP THE NEGROP This is a question of more importance to the philanthropist at the pre.scnt time than any other. The Southern States now deem it neoessarj for their safety that all free negroes should leave those States, or select masters to whom they are willing to become slaves, if they prefer to remain. This is one of the fruits of the abolition move ment, and taking it for granted that two-thirds of , the free negroes, from 30,000 to 50,000, should de cide to take up their abode iti the North, what are we to do with them? Massachnsetts must receive the largest ihar«, for here the negro is more petted and admired Therefore, I appeal through you to the ! than in any other State. Here he enjoys more of the country, to declare in their might j privileges, and here the greatest efforts are made that the Union must and shall be^prcserved by all constitutional means. I most earnestly recommend that you devote yourselves exclusively to the question —how this can be accomplished in peacc. All other questions, when compared to this, sink into in significance. The present is no time for palliations —action, prompt action, is required. A dehiy in Congress to prescribe or to recommend distinct and practical propositions for conciliation, may drive us to a point from which it will be almost impossible to recede. Common ground, on which conciliation and har mony can be produced, is surely not unattainable. Propositions to compromise by letting the North have the complete control of territory above a certain liney and to give Southern institutions pro tection below th.at line, ought to receive universal approbation. In itself, indeed, it may not be entire ly satisfactorily, but when the alternative is be tween rea.sonable concession on both sides, and the destruction of the L'nion, it is an imputation upon the patriotism of Congress, to assert that the members will hesitate for a moment. Even now, danger is upon u.s. In several of the States which have not seceded, forts, arsenals and magazines of the United States have been seized. This is by far the most serious step which has been taken sincc the commencement of the trou bles. This public property has long been left without garrisons and troops for its protection, be cause no person doubted its security under the flag of the country in any State of the Union, be sides our small army has «.carcely been sufficient to guard our remote frontiers against Indian in- rsions. The seizure of this property, from all apcarances, has been purely agressive, and not in resistance to any attempt to coerce States to remain in the Union. At the beginninjr of these unhappy troubles, I determined that no action of mine should increase the excitement in either section of the country. If the political conflict were to end in civil war, it was my determined purpose not to commence it, nor even furnish an excuse for it by an act of the Government. My opinion remains unchanged that justice as well as sound policy reijuires us still to seek a peaceful solution oi'the que.tions at i.«sue between the North and the South. Entertahiiiig this conviction, I refrained even from sending re inforcements to Major Anderson, commanding the forts at Charleston harbor, until an absolute neces sity for doii'.g so should make itself apparent, lest it might unjustly be regarded as a menace of mili tary coercion, and thus furnish, if not provocation, at least pretext for an outbreak on the part of South Carolina. No necessity for these reinforcements seemed to exist. I was assured by distinguished and upright gentlemen of South Carolina that no attack upon Maj Ander.‘^on was intended, but that, on the contrary, it was the desire of the State au thorities as much as it was my own to avoid the fatal consequences which must eventually follow military collision. And here I deem it proper to submit, for your information, copies of a commu nication dated the 28th December, 18G0, ad dressed to me by E. W. Barnwell, J. H. Adams and James L. Orr, commi.ssioners from South (’arolina, with accompanying documents and copies of my answer thereto, dated the 81st December. In further explanation of Major Anderson’s re moval from Fort Moultiie to Fort Sumter, it is proper to state that after my answer to the South Carolina Commissioners, the War Department read a l^tter from that gallant officer, dated the 27th December. L^OO, the day after this move ment, from which the following is an extract: “ I will add as my opinion that many things convinced me that the authorities of the State de signed to proceed to a hostile act. [Referring to orders dated December 11th of the late Secretary of War.] Under this impression, I could not hesitate that it was my solemn duty to move my command from a fort which we could net probably have held longer than forty-eight or sixty hgurs to this one, where my power of resistance is increased to a very great degree.” It will be recollected that the concluding part of these orders was in the following terms : “ The smallness of your force will not permit you, perhaps, to occupy more than one of the forts, but an attack or an attempt to take pos.session of either one of them will be regarded as an act of hostility, and you may then put yoiw command into either of them which you may deem most proper to increase its power of resistance. You are also authorized to take similar defensive steps whenever ycai have tangible evidence of a design to proceed to a hostile act.” It is said that serious apprehensions are to sonie extent entertained, in which I do not share, that the peace of this District may be disturbed before the 4th of March. In any event, it will be my duty to preserve it, and this duty shall be per formed. In conclusion, it may be permitted to me to re mark that I have often warned my countrymen of the dangers which now surround us. This may be the last time 1 shall refer to the subject official ly. I feel that my duty has been faithfully, though iujperfectly performed, and whatever re sults may be, I shall carry to my grave the con sciousness that, I at least meant well for my country. James Buchanan. Eclipses.—During the year 1861 there will be fo«r eclipses; two of them—both of the sun—will be invisible to us. On December 17, there will be a very small part of the moon eclipsed, visible here; and on December 31, the sun will rise with about one-third of it eclipsed. The planet Mer cury will pass over the face of the sun on Novem ber 12, but the phenomena will not be visible here. by the abolitionists to reduce themselves to a level with him. There are many towns in New Hampshire, Ver mont and Maine, where a negro cannot reside ex cept as a pauper, at the expense of the State. The people have no business for a colored man or woman, and soon starve them out if they attempt to settle within their borders. Massachnsetts must, therefore, take the largest share of the fiee negroes of the South, and sup port them. In the present state of business there is not a sufficient amount of labor for those who are now here, and there is already more than the usual amount of suffering among them at this season. If 20,000 negroes or even 10,000, are crowded into our fcities during the coming month—what are we to do with them ? We cannot blame our Southern brethren, under the present excited state of things for providing for their own safety, and if according to the doc trine of the abolitionistji, we cannot exist as a country, ‘ half slave and half free,’ we cannot ex pect that the slave States will consider themselves safe with a population of negroes ‘half slave and half free.’ The principal cause of this movement has been the employment of free negroes, by the al)olition- ists in running oflP slaves, and even if no secession or dismemberment of the Union takes place, it is evident but that few if any Southern States will permit free negroes to reside within their limits, and we apprehend that all laws by which slaves may now become free, will, of necessity, be abolished. The people of the South are now sat isfied that they must take care of themselves. If any means can be adopted by which they can do so with safety, and remain in the Union, their statesmen and we believe a majority of their people will adopt them. If not, a dissolution must take place, and the North will be flooded with negroes of all ages and qualities—those who are enabled to run away, and those whom the South will compel to leave. The negro population of Boston now exceeds the demand in the ration of three to one, and if we are to have ten thou.sand more thrown upon us, we hope the Republicans will devise some means to take care of them, without permitting them to become a burden to the State.—Boston Post. TAKING THE VEIL. The Journal du Loriet relate.^ the following: •‘Mademoiselle Blanche de Beauval, a wealthy heiress of Orleans, was, about eight months ago, to have been married to the ’\'iscount de Chamoy, but as the bridegroom was in delicate health, ho was rccommendcd to go for a short time to Italy, and the ceremony wjis postponed to October last. The Viscount, however, never reached his desti nation, having died on his way thither, and the lady, overwhelmed with grief, determined to take the veil. Her resolution was carried into effect three days ago, at the Carmelite convent in the Faubourg du Roule, at Orleans. At the hour fix ed for the cereniony, the chapel was filled with the persons who had been invited to be present, and soon after a door lending from the interior of the convent opened, and Mademoiselle de Beauval, ia the prime of youth and beauty, entered, leaning on the arm of her uncle. She was dressed in a bridal costume of white satin, trimmed with rich lace; a wreath of orange blossoms encircled her hair, and a large white veil was over her head. She took the .seat prepared for her, and the ofllicia- ting priest delivered a short address. She then quitted the chapel, which i« divided into two parts by *ii iron railing, closed by a curtain. In a mo ment afte*-, the curtain was drawn, an3 she was seen on the other side of the grating on her knees. The priest approached and asked whether she stilt persisted in her resolution to quit the world, to ; which she replied in a firm voice, 'Yes.' On this, I one of the nuns who was standing by, removed the j bridal wreath and veil from her head; let her I beautiful hair fall on her shoulders, and then, with ! a scissors, severed the tresses close to her head. A I murmer of regret was heard among all persons i present when this sacrifice was commenced. Made- ■ moiselle de Beauval then left the chapel, but re- j appeared in a few minutes after, dre.ssed in the , garb of a Carmelite nun. She lay down on the steps of the chapel, a funeral cloth wa.s thrown : over her, and the priest recited the prayers for the j dead, and the ‘De Profundis' was sung while the ■ persons in the chapel were retiring.” ; Am AM) Water.—vSet a pitcher of water in a roijm. anti in a few hours it will have absorbed I nearly all the resf>ired and prespired gai«es in the room, the air of which will have become purer, but the water utterly filthy. The colder the water is, the greater ie its capacity to contain these gas es. At ordinary temperatures a pint of water will contain a pint of carbonic acid gas, and several pints of ammonia. This capacity is nearly doubl ed by reducing the water to the temperature of that of ice Hence water, kept in the room awhile is unfit for use. For the same reason, the water in a pump stock should always be pumped out in the morning before any is uued. Impure water is more injurious than impure air. Scrupulous Corrksk)Ndknth —The Po*?tma»- ter General has directed that when letters are de posited, endor.-ed ‘ to lie over on Sunday,” the writers’ conscientious scruples are to be respected by the post office officials, who are to detain such letters accordingly. AMAUiAMATiON.—A poHceman of Cleveland informs the editor of the Plaindealer of that city, that he personally knows of over thirty negroes, who are living as man and wife with white woffien in the city of Cleveland.
