. '
' i --
-u
is
V
TPiW-iiiiriW
OFFICE
ON THE
WEST SIDE OF TRADE STREET
$3 Per Annum
CHARACTER IS AS IMPORTANT TO STATES AS IT IS TO INDIVIDUALS, AND THE GLORY OP THE ONE IS THE COMMON PROPERTY OP THE OTHER
JN ADVANCE
W J YA'ffiiES, Editor and Pkopreitoe.
CHARLOTTE, N. C, TUESDAY, MAY 1, 1866.
FOURTEENTH V0LCJ1EN U II B E II 11 1.
Sin
Published every Tuesday,(o) !
by ' !
WILLIAM J YATES. !
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR .
"OTTHffi, S3 PER ANNUM, in advance.
S 2 for six months.
Transient advertisements must be paid for
in dvarfce. Obituary notices are-charged advertis
ing rate3.
Advertisements not marked' on the manuscript
fra specific time, will be inserted until forbid, and
charged accordingly.
$1 per square of 10 lines or less will be charged
for each insertion, unles the advertisement is in
serted 2 months or more.
MEDICAL CARD.
DRS. GIIIBON & McCOSlBS, having associated
themselves in the practice of Medicine and Surgery.
r pectfully tenderjhevr professional services to the
citizens of Charlotte and surrounding country.
From a large experience in private as well as
Field and Hospital practice, they feel justified in
proposing to pay special attention to the practice of
Surjrery in all its branches.
Otfice in Granite Row, up stairs, opposite the
Mansion House.
ROBERT GIBBON, M. D.
Dec 11. 1865 J. P. McCOMBS, M. D.
FULLINGS 6l SPRINGS
Have removed their CLOTHING and MERCHANT
TAILORING STORE, to No. 4 Granite Row, lately
occupied by J. S. Phillips. We are offering our
stock of
ready-made clothing
at cost for cash. Our former friends and patrons
will do wel to supply themselves at once.
We will keep at all times a good supply of Cloths,
6'assimers and Vestings, which will be made to
order in the best style and manner, We will keep
also a good stwck'of Hats, Shirts, Drawers and other
furnishing Goods.
FULLINGS k SPRINGS.
Jan 29, 1806.
Hutchison & Springs,
CHARLOTTE, n. c,
Agents of the most reliable 1YSUII1JVCE
COJtIM1YM ES in the United States.
Be on. the SAFE SIDE and insure your property
against loss or damflge by fire.
Also," INSURE .YOUR LIFE for the benefit of your
- wife nnd children.
RISKS taken at moderate rates.
Call on Hutchison & Springs. No. 4. Granite Row.
E. NYE HUTCHISON,
J. M. SPRINGS,
March 5, 1806 Agents.
Stciilioiisc fc .Hacaiilay
COMMISSION" MERCHANTS,
CHARLOTTE, N. C, and 66 Pearl St., NEW YORK.
Prompt personal attention to tlA- sale of cotton,
cotton yarns., naval stores, kc , and the purchase of
merchandise generally.
Refkrksces John Wilkes and T II Brem, Esq'rs,
Charlotte, N C ; Jordan Womble, Esq, Raleigh, N C;
O G Parslev k Co, Wilmington, N C ; D Paul k Co,
and Robt Mure & Co, Charleston, SC.; Wilcox &
Hand, Augusta, Ga.; Duulop, Moncure k Co, R;ch
mond, Va ; Tannahill, Mcllwane k Co, N Y ; Par
tridge, Wells k Co. New York.
February 26, 1806.
The Southern Express Company,
For the transportation of merchandise, valuable
packages, specie, b:nk ngtes, bouds, Ac, for all parts
of the South and Southwest, in connection with
ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY,
Uuve established their agency at 5f) BROADWAY,
NEW YORK, where orders to call for goods to be
forwarded South will receive prompt attention.
Merchandise and valuables delivered to Ilarnden's,
Kinsley's, American and United States ExpressCom
panie, for the Southern Express Company, will re
ceive prompt dispatch.
For particulars, rat03 of freight, kv. kc, apply at
the office of the Southern Express Company, 59
Broadway. II. B. PLANT.
Dec I J, I8G.'. President.
HYMN BbbKSofall kinds.
1. Presbyterian.
2. Methodist (Southern.)
3. Baptist Psalmody.
4. Lutheran Hymns.
5. Note Books of different kinds.
The Hymn Book? are of every variety, from very
cheap to the most costly styles.
R. N. TIDDY k CO ,
New Book Store, next to Scarr's Drug Store,
March 5, 1806 3m Charlotte, N. C
i -rst
A general assortment, always on hiind, at
Feb 5, 1806 SCARR'S DRUG STORE.
HOOT & SHOE SHOP.
The subscriber informs
I the public that he is engaged in mak
ing HOOTS .V SHOES, in the Hnck
Store formerly occupied by Messrs.
Stephens & Sclmtt, a few doors above the Metho
dic Church. His wctk is WARRANTED to be of
the best material and workmanship.
REPAIRING done with neatness and dispatch.
Feb. 20, 1S0O. 3m K. II. WHITE.
State of HU siil ina Clvnvr land Co.
Court of I'leax .y (Juttrter Session, Feb. Term, 1806.
Sidney II. Elliott et al. va. Geo. W. Logan et al.
Petition for reprobate o. Frank W. Cabaniss Will.
It appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that
Sandford Cabaniss and George Cabaniss, jwo of the
defendants in this cnue, reside beyond the limits of
this State, it i therefore ordered that publication
be mmle for sis successive wfeks in the Western
Democrat, notifying ihe defendants of the filing of
his petition, and that theyie and appear at the
nevt Term of this eomt to be held for the county of
Cleaviland at the Court House in Shelby, on the
Hirst Mon.lay ia May, i860, or the same will be taken
pro confesso mid heard ex parte as to them. "
Witness, S. Williams. Clerk of our said court at
Office, the first Monday in February, 1806.
9-6t adv. SO S. WILLIAMS", Clerk.
BLANKST
FOR SALE AT WESTERN DEMOCRAT OFFICE.
"Conveyance Dee's,just printed on superior paper
Marriage License, Indentures, '
Appearance iona.
Forthcoming Bonds,
Constable bail Bonds,
Sheriff 's Deed
Writs, co and sup. court,
Warrant s,
J ury Tickets,
Scira Facias Writs',
Witness Tickets.
(iiiardian Bonds,
Ca Sa Bonds,
Attach nteuts,
Fi Fas, or Executions,
Subpoenas, couuty court. Promissory Notes
Capias ad -Satisfaciendum, (for clerks)
Commissions to take Depositions,
i'quity Writs ajad Witnes Tickete..
SCALE OP DEPRECIATION.
Adopted by the Legislature of N. Carolina.
Scale of depreciation of Confederate Currency, the gold
dollar being the. unit and measure of value, from
A'ov. 1st, 1861, to May 1, 1865.
Months. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865.
January $1.20 $3 00 $21.00 $r0.00
February... 1.30 3.00 21.00 50.00
March 1 50 4.00 23.00 60.00
April 1.50 5.00 20.00 100.00
May 1.50 1.50 19 00 ...
June 1 50 6.50 18.00
July 1.50 9.00 .21.00 .........
August : .. 1.50 14.00 23 00
September 2.00 14.00 25.00
October 2.00 14 CO 26.00
November $1.10 2.50 15 00 30.00
December 1.15 2.50 20.00 1
Dec. 1 to 10th
in4uive 35.00
Dec. 10 to 20th
inclusive ... 42.00
Dec. 1st to 31st
inclusive 49.00
n. VANCE.
C DOWD.
R. D. JOHNSTON.
VANCE, DOWD fit JOHNSTON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Charlotte, N. C ,
Having associated tnemselves together, will prac
tice in the Courts of Mecklenburer, Iredell, Catawba,
Davidson, Rowan, Cabarrus and Union, and in the
Federal and Supreme Courts.
Claini3 .collected anywhere in the State.
April 2, 1866 "tf
CHINA,
CROCKERY AM) GLASS-WIRE,
At China Hall,
Next door to the Court House.
We have just received a splendid assortment con
sisting of China Gilt-Band Tea Setts, Plates. Cups
and Saucers, Bowls, Mugs, ham and steak Dishes,
Tea Pots, Sugar Bowls Creamers, Tumblers, Gob
lets, Decanters, Preserve Stands, Ac.
Also, a good' assortment of Knives and Forks,
Spoons, Castor3, Selves, cocoa-Dippers, Roling Pins,
and numerous other .house-keeping articles, which
will be sold low for cash.
JAMES HARTY & CO.
March 12, 1800 2mpd
IRON AND CASTINGS. .
30.000 lbs. wrought and rolled Iron, Castings,
&c, for sale for cash or barter for corn, oats, peas,
cotton yarn, and cloth of different kinds. My Blast
Furnace is now in operation and t am prepared to
11 orders for Machinery, Cooking Ware, Ac. Terms
cash.
I want to employ eooie good hollow-ware Mould
ers and some good Miners. I wish to make con
tracts for the cutting of 5,000 cords wood; also for
coaling". Apply soon at my Furnace six miles East
of Lincolnton, N. U. J. W. JJEKK.
February 12, J866 6mpd
THE EQUITABLE LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY '
OF THE UNITED STATES.
Accumulated Fund 2,000,000 Annual In
come 1,000,000.
PURELY MUTUAL.
ANNUAL CASH DIVIDENDS.
At the request of their numerous Policy-holders,
this Society have determined to declare their divi
dends annually in cash: The first dividend will be
declared Feb i, 1807. The last divrdend declared
on the quinquennial plan reduced the premiums in
some eases more than 50 per cent, or doubled the
Policy during the next dividend period. It is be
lieved for the future that no company in this coun
try will be able to present greater advantages . in its
dividends to persons assuri.ig than this Society, as
total expenditure to cash premium received was.
by the last New York Insurance Report, less than
that of any of the older American Life Insurance
companies.
The officers of this society desire to present to
the public for their consideration five modes of di
viding surplus premiums or profits, some of which
were never before granted to Policy-holders by any
Lite Company, and present advantages obvious to all:
1st. The dividends maybe applied to the pur
chase of additional assurance for a term of years.
2d. Dividends may be applied to reduce the pre
mium coming due next. At the last dividend, upon
a similar plan, premiums were reduced one-half up
on soiyc policies.
3d. The dividend may be appli-ed to provide for
the payment of premiums at the latter end of life,
so that the assured may be guaranteed against fur
ther payments on attaining a certain age, each suc
cessive dividend gradually reducing the time during-
which the premiums must coutinue to be paid, so
that at last, with the same success as heretofore, a
paid np policy will be secured by quite a moderate
number of premiums. To illustrate A man assur
ing at 25 years old would, on the basis of our last
dividend, be secured by this application of dividend
ngair.st any payment after 45 and probably at an
earlier age and thereafter receive an annual divi
dend in cash.
4th. Dividends may be applied to the purchase of
a certain addition to the portcy, payable with it.
5th. Dividends may be applied to the reduction of
nil future premiums during tbje continuance of the
poliey.
Hereafter dividends on the first annual premium
ma- be used as cash in the payment of the second
annual premium, and so on thereafter; ther dividend
on each premium may be applied to the payment of
the next succeeding premium. Policy-holders in
most other companies must wait four or five years
before any advantage can be derived from dividends.
Call at No. 4, Granite Row, acd get books and
papers-fur further information.
HUTCHISON k SPRINGS, Agents,
For N. Carolina, S. Carolina and Georgia,
Feb 26, I860. Charlotte, N. C.
HUGHES 6c DILL.
Commission 6c Shipping Merchants,
NEWBEUN, N. C
; Consignments of Cotton, Naval Stores and Tobac
! co will receive our prompt attention.
; We have a weekly line of Steamers from Newbert.
and Morehead City, which sail from Newbern every
: Friday and from Morehead City every Saturday at
! 4 p. ii.
: T. J. nCCHKS, NEWBERX. G. W. DILL. MOREHEAD CITT.
August 1, '865 If
Southern Express Company.
The Southern Express Company has opened cem
munication with ail Northern and Western States,
: and is now prepared to forward Freight, Money and
. valuable Packages safely and promptly. Messen
gers leave Charlotte daily, connecting at Raleigh
with Adams' Express Company, and at Richmond
with Adams' and Harnden's Express Companies.
Letters will be forwarded by this Company to all
: points South and North having no mail facilities.
t T. D. GILLESPIE, Agent.
Charlotte, June 19, 1865 tf
Follow Mt Leader. A very singular oc
currence is reported by the Ararat Advertiser
of November 7 : "We sup'pose it is pretty gene
rally known and admitted that the tendency
which all animals have to follow a leader is de
veloped in no species as much as ic the sheep,
but we believe that even io this pastoral country
the strength of developement which this in
stinct possesses in these animals is not generally
known. One of the most remarkable illustra
tions of this characteristic which we have ever
heard of occurred with a flock ef sheep aboBt a
week ago, belonging to a squatter on the Trim
mers. A large mob of about 4,000 was turned
out of the sheds after being shorn, to be shep
herded on the side of a creek where the grass
grew more-abundantly than on the plains furth
er back. While pasturing around or near a
very large hole in the river bed, from which all
the water had evaporated, one of the flock, urg
ed by some unaccountable impulse, jumped into
it; another followed, and another, till the whole
flock rushed to the 6pot; and notwithstanding
every exertion on the part of the shepherd, they
pressed en masse into the larf e basin till it was
literally filled with a moving mass of animal life.
The pressing of tie flock behind rendered escape
impossible, until the hole was literally filled to
its level with the struggling sheep. When the
mania died .out for during its continuance the
shepherd had not the slightest control over the
flock they were driven from the place, but it
was found that no less than, eight hundred and
twenty-five were smothered, or otherwise killed
by the pressure. This accident seems the more
unaccountable, as we are informed that there
was neither water cor grass in the hole to tempt
the rush." '
JB" In the year 1763, in the diocese of Ag
gerhus, in Norway, among other singularities,
were reckoned one hundred and fifty married
couples who had lived together upwards of
eighty year's, the greater number if not all, be
ing upwards of one hundred years oPage; seven
ty other married couples who bad lived togeth
er ninety years and upwards who must, there
fore, have been all more than one hundred and
five years of age; twelve marriages, from one
hundred to one hundred and five years' standing;
so that the persons oa an average were one hun
dred and seventeen yeats old; and another mar
riage of no less, than one hundred and ten years
standing, the couple must have baen each, not
less than one hundred and twenty-four vears
old.
:
a Thomas M. Peters, aged twenty-three,
son of the Dr. Peters who shot General Van
Dorn, committed suicide at teo o'clock Monday
morning, In Memphis, by shooting. He was an
exemplary young man, a law student, and left a
long letter alluding to his family troubles. He
was, perhaps, deranged. He dressed himself in
Confederate uniform.
m -mm
Hon. Clement. C. Clay arrived in Petersburg
per City Point train, on the 20th ult. He re
ports. Mr Davis in good health, but suffering
from confinement.
Mlalcish if Gaston Railroad,
Superintendent's Office, Raleigh, April 6, 1866
The public are informed that the speed on this
Road has been increased, and close connections are
made with all Trains going North and South. Pas
sengers do not change cars from Charlotte to Wel
don. To Baltimore and other cities North, the fare
as low as by apy other route, and time as quick.
Through tickets to all places North by both Peters
burg, Richmond and Washington City, and by Nor
folk and Bay Steamers, and to the principal cities in
the Northwest via Baltimore and Otio Railroad.
Baggage checked through.
To Shippers very great inducements are offered.
It is the quickest, safest, and f.s cheap as by any
other route. Freight is shipped through without
breaking bulk from Charlotte to Norfolk.
The connections at Norfolk with superior Ocean
Steamers, commend this route to all interested in
shipping. A. JOHNSON,
April 16 - lm Superintendent.
Dissolution IVotice. '
The copartnership heretofore existing between
Bernheim k Sinclair, and which constituted the firm
kuo-vn by the name and style of Bernheim k Sin
clair, is this day dissolved by mutual consent, Mr
Bernheim withdrawing. The business will be con
ducted as heretofore by Alexander Sinclair, who
from this date will collect all debts due, and liqui
date all claims against the firm.
O. D. BERNHEIM.
ALEX. SINCLAIR. -
April 16, 1866.
To the Public.
In accordance with the above Notice of Dissolu
tion, I would respectfully .inform the Public, that
the business as heretofore conducted, will "be con
tinued by myself at the old and well known Stand,
Springs' Corner. By close and strict attention to
business, I hope to retain the hitherto liberal trade
of my friends and patrons.
ALEXANDER SINCLAIR.
April 16, 1866
Just Opening-,
My SPRING STOCK of Calicoes, Poplins, Mohair
Lustres, Lawns, Organdies, White Goods and No
tions. ALSO Boots, Shoes, Hats. Hardware, Wil
low-ware, Creckery, and almost everything found
in any other Store in our City, all of which I offer
at unusually low prices.
April 16, 1866 ALEX. SINCLAIR.
ENCOURAGING TO FARMERS.
If you want to save money go to BARR1NGER,
WOLFE k CO's to buy your Goods of every kintf.
M. L. BARRINGER,
S. C. WOLFE,
April 9th MARSHAL E. ALEXANDER.
LATEST BIT EXPRESS.
Cochrane, Wilson & Co.,
Have just received large additions to their
Spring Hats, a great variety,
Elegantly trimmed Spring Bonnets,
Beautiful French Flowers,
Dress Trimmings, a good a6srtiietit,
Fine Solid and Fancy Cresse Marettes,
Fine Solid and Fancy Delaines,
Spring Poplins,
Muslins, of all kinds.
And every style of Goods found in a well furnish
ii Riore.
jSy- Just received a splendid lot of Silk MAN
TELS. C, w. tu.
April 9, 1866.
SPEECH OF PRESIDENT JOHNN80N
To an assembly of Soldiers and Sailors in
Washington on the ISth of April.
President Johnson said :. It is not affectation
in me to say that language is inadequate to con
vey the heartfelt feelings produced on this oc
casion by your presence here, and by the pre
sentation of your sentiments as expressed by
your representative io his address, and io the
resolutions which you have thought proper to
adopt. -"I confess that in the peculiar posture of
public affairs, your presence and address gives
encouragement and confidence to me io tcy ef
forts to discbarge the duties incumbent upon
me as Chief Magistrate of the Republic. And
in what I have to say, I shall address you in the
character of citizens, sailors and soldiers. I
shall speak to you in those terms and none
others.
I repeat my thanks for the manifestation of
your approbation and your encouragement.
Applause . We are to-day involved io one of
the most critical and trying struggles that have
occurred since this Government was spoken into
existence. Nations, like individuals, must have
a beginning must have a birth. .In strug
gling into existence a nation passes through its
first trying ordeal.
It is not necessary for me sow to carry your
minds back to the struggle when this nation
was born. It is not necessary for me to allude
to the privations and hardships of those who
engaged in that struggle to achieve the national
birth. It is not necessary to point to the blood
shed and the lives lost in accomplishing that re
sult. The next ordeal through which a nation
has to pass is wlieh it is called upon to give evi
dence that it has strength, capacity and power
to maintain itself among the nations of the earth
In giving such evidence we passed through
the war of 1812, and through the war with Mex
ico; and we passed' through all the struggles
that have since occurred up to the begiuning of
the rebellion. That was our second ordeal.
But a nation has another test still to undergo,
and that is to give evidence to the nations of the
earth and to its own citizens that it has
power to resist internal foes; that it has stretgth
enough to put down treachery at home and trea- .
son within its own borders. Cheers. We
have commenced that ordeal, and trust in God
we will pass through it successfully. Cheers
I feel complimented by the allusion of your rep
resentative to the fact that I stood in the Sen
ate in 1860 and 1861, when the nation was en
tering on this third ordeal, and raised my voice
and hands against treason, treachery and traitors
at home. Cheers, and cries of 'good.' I
stand here to-day holding to and maintaining
the same principles which I then enunciated.
Cheers. ,
I stand here to-day opposing traitors and trea
son, whether they be in the South or in the
North. Loud cheers I stand here to day as
I then stood, using all my powers, mental and
physical, to preserve this nation id passing
through the third phase of its existence. The
organized forces and combined powers that re
cently stood arrayed against us are disbanded
and driven from the field, but it does not follow
that there are still no enemies against our pre
sent form of government and our free institu
tions. Applause
I then stood in the Senate of the United
States denying tba doctrine of separation and
secession. - I denied then, as I deny now, that
any State has the right of its own will, to sepa
rate itself from the other States, and thereby to
destroy the Union and break up the govern
ment; and I think I have given some evidence
that I have been sincere and io earnest; and
now t want to know wiy it is that the whole
train of slanderers, calumniators and traducers
have been barking and snapping at my heels.
Cheers. Why is it that they array themselves
against me ? Is it because I stand on the side
of the people, and when I say the people I in
clude the sailors and soldiers. Cheers. Why
is it that they are arrayed in traducing and vil
lifying and calumniating me? Where were
they during the rebellion ? A voice : "Home,
in bed." Laughter In the Senate I raised
my voice against it; and when it was believed
that it would be to the interest of the nation,
and would assist in rutting down the rebellion,
did I not leave my place in the Senate a place
of emolument, ease and distinction and take
my position where the enemy could be reached,
aLd where men's lives wero-in danger 1 Cheers
and cries of "That's so."
While I was thus exposed personally and pub
licly, and in every way, some of my present tra
ducers and calumniators were far removed from
the war, nd were enjoying ease and comfort.
Cheers and laughter. But I care not for them,
I care not that slander, the foul wbelp of sin,
has been. turned loose against me. I care not
for all that; and let me tell you here to-day that,
although pretty well advanced in life, I feel that
I shall live long enough to live down the whole
pack of traducers and slanderers. Applause.
They have turned the whole pack loose to lower
me in your estimation. Voices "lhey can c
do it. "J Tray, Blanche
dogs and all, came along
at my heels, but 1 heed
The American people
and Sweetheart, little
snapping and snarling
them not. Cheers
-citizens, soldiers and
sailors know that from my advent into public
life to the present moment I have always stooa
unyielding and unwavering by the advocates
and defenders of their rights and interests.-
Cheer?.
We are now in the nation's third ordeal.- We
are not yet through it. We said that States
could not go out of the Unioo. We denied the
doctrine of secession, and we-have demonstrated
that we were right we demonstrated it by the
strong arm. Yes, the soldiers and "the sailors,
God bless them, have demonstrated by their
patriotic hearts and strong arms that States have
cot the power to leave the Union Applause
What followed? The Confederate armies wert
overpowered and disbanded, and there was a wil
lingness on the part of the people of ibose States
to come back, be obedient to the laws and ac
knowledge the supremacy of the Constitutioo of
our fathers. For hat have we passed through
this third ordeal ? . It was to establish the prin
ciple that no State bad the power to break op
this Government. It was to put down the re
bellion. The rebellion has been put down, and
for what ? Was it to destroy the States ?
Voices, "Never." For what have all these
lives been sacrificed and all this treasure ex
pended ? Was it for the purpose of destroying
the States ? No, it was for'the purpose of pre
serving the States is the Unioo of our fathers
Co
Cheers. It was for that you fought; it was
for
r tnat l toiled: not to break ud the covern
ment but to break down the rebellion and pre
serve the union of the States. That is what we
have been contending for, and to establish the
fact that the nation can lift itself above and be
yond intestine foes and treason aod traitors at
home.
When the rebellion in Massachusetts was put
down did that put Massachusetts out of the
Unioo and destroy the State? And when the
rebellion in Pennsylvania was put down did that
destroy the State and put it out of the Union ?
So when the recent great rebellion was put down
and the Constitution and laws of the country
restored, the States engaged in it stood as part
of the Union. The rebellion being crushed, the
law being restored, the Constitution being ac
knowledged, these States stand in the Union,
constituting a part of the glorious and bright gal
axy of States. Loud cheers
In passing through this ordeal what has been
done ? Io Tennessee, under the direction of
my lamented predecessor, we commenced the
work of restoration. We had succeeded, before
I came here, io restoring the relations which bad
existed between Tennessee and the rest of the
Union, with one exception, and that was the re
lation of representation. I came to Washington,
and under extraordinary circumstances, succeed
ed to the Presidential chair. What then ?
The Congress of the United States had adjourn
ed without prescribing any plan. I then pro
ceeded, as I had done in my own State, under
the direction of the Government, to restore the
other States. And how did we begin ? We
found that the people had no courts, and we
6a id to the judges, the district attorneys and
the marshals, "Go down and hold your courts
the people need the tribunals of justice to be
opened." Was there anything wrung io that ?
The courts were opened. What else? We
looked out and saw that the people down there
had no mails. They had been interrupted and
cut off by the operations of the rebellion. We
said to the Postmaster General : "Let the peo
ple have facilities, for mail communication, and
let them again understand what we all feel and
think that we are one people. We looked out
again aod saw that there was a blockade; that
the custom houses were all closed. We said :
"Open the doors of the custom-house and re
move the blockade. Let trade, commerce and
the pursuits of peace be restored," and it was
done. . We thus traveled on, step by step, open
ing up custom-bouses, appointing collectors,
establishing mail facilities and restoring all the
relations that have been interrupted by the re
bellion. Wait there anything undertaken to be
done here that was not authorized by the Con
stitution, that was not justified by the great ne
cessities of the case, that has not been clearly
concurrent with the Constitution and the genius
and theory of our government ? (Cheers )
What remained to be done ? One other thing
remained to demonstrate to the civilized and
Pagan world that wc had passed successfully
through the third ordeal of our national exis
tence, and proved that our government was per
petual A great principle waa to be restored which
was established io our revolution. When our
fathers were contending against the power of
Great Britain, what was one of -the principal
causes of their eompiaict; It was that they
were denied representation. They complained
of taxation without representation. CheerB
One of the great principles laid down by our
lathers, and which fired their hearts, was, that
there should be no taxation without representa
tion. How, then, does the matter stand? Who
has been usurping power, and who has been
defeating the operation of the Constitution ?
And what now remains to be done to complete
the restoration of these States to all their for
mer relations under the Federal Government,
and to finish the great ordeal through which we
have been' passing? It is to admit representa
tion. Cheers. And when we say admit re"
presentation, what-do we mean? We mean re
presentation in the constitutional and law-abiding
sense, as was intended at the beginning of
the Government.
And where does that power lie? . The Con
stitution declares io express terms that each
house, the Seoate and House of Representa
tives, each acting for itself, shall be the judge
of Ums returns of election add qualifications of
hs own members. It is for each house to settle
that question under the. Constitution, ' and un
der the solemn sanction of an oath; and can we
believe that either house would admit any mem
ber into its bodyjto participate io the legisla
tion of the country . who was not qualified and
fit lo sit io that body ssd participate io its pro
ceedings. They kae the power not the two
hoosee, but each bouse for itself.
. The Constitutioo further declares that no
State shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in
the Senate of the United States without its con
sent. Then where do we stand? All that is
needed to finish this great work of restoration is
for the two houses respectively to determine
these questions. "Ob!" but some will ray, "a
traitor might come in!" The answer to that is:
Each house moat be the judge; and if a traitor
presents himself, cannot either bouse know that
he is a traitor- applause, and if he is a traitor,
eao they not kick him out of the door and send
him back, saying to the people who sent him,
'You must send us a loyal man." Cheers,
and a voice, "That's the logic." Is there any
difficulty about that? Cries of "No no." J
If a traitor presents himself to either House,
cannot that House say to him, "No, you caooot
be admitted into this bojv. Go back. We
will not deny your people of the right of repre
sentatioo, but they most send a loyal represen
tative." rCbeers I And when the States do
send loyal representatives, can you have any
better evidence of their fidelity to the Constitu
tion and laws? There is oo one learned io SQB
stitutional law who will say that if a traitor hap
pens to get into Coogieas the body caooot t
pel biui aftkr he gets in. That makes aasuraac
doubly sure, and conforms the actioo of thee
government to the Constitution of or fathera
11 e nee I say let us stand by that Constitution,
and io standing by it the covenant will be pre
served.
While I have been contending against trait
ors and treason and secession, and the dissolu
tion ol the Union, I have been contending at
the same time against the consolidation of pow-.
er here. Cries of good I think the consoli
dation ef power here is equally daogoreus with
the separation ef the States. Cheers. The
one would weaken us and might ruo into anap
cty, while the other would concentrate aod run
into monarchy. Cheers and cries of "Can't do
it." O, but there is an idea abroad that one
man cao be a despot; that one man ctn Jse
usurper, but that a hundred or two hundred
men cannot. .
Mr Jefferson, the apostle of liberty, tolls us,
so does common sense, that tyranny and despot
ism can be exercised by many more vigorously
and more tyrannically than by one. What
power has your President to be a tyrant? What
can he do? What can be origiuate? Why,
they say, he exercises the veto power! Laugh
ter What is the veto power? (A voice
"To put down the nigger." Laughter.
Who's your President? Several voices
"Andy Jobn6onl" Is he not elected by tba
people through the electoral colleges? The
President is nothing more than the tribune of
the people. His office is tribunal io its charac
ter. In olden times, when tribunes were first elec
ted io the Roman Republio, they stood at the
door of the Roman Senate, which was than
overreaching on the popular Tights aod putting
the heel of power on the necks of the people.
The people chose a tribune aod pjaeed feisa at
the door of the Senate, so that when that body
ventured ao oppressive act he waa clothed with
power to say "veto" I forbid. Your Presi
dent is now the tribune of the people, aod,
thank God, I am, and I intend to assert the
power which the people have placed io me.
Cheers.
Your President, standing here day after day,
and discharging his duty, is like a horse on the
tread-wheel; and because he dares- to differ in
opinion in regard to public measures, he must
be denounced as a usurper and tyrant. Can be
originate anything under the veto power? I
think the veto power is conservative in its char
acter. All that can be dooe by the veto power
is to eay, when legislation is improper, baatyr
unwise, unconstitutional, "stay, stop actioo.
Wait jl this can be submitted to the people,
and let them consider whether it is right or
wrong." Applause.
That is all there is in it. Hence I say that
tyranny and power can be exercised somewhere
else than by the Executive. He is powerless.
All that he can do is to check legislation to
bold it in a state of abeyance till the people
cao consider aod understand what is beiog
done. Then, what has been done?- I have
done what believed the Constitution required
me to do. Applause. I have dono what I
believed duty and conscience required me to
do. Cbeer. So believing, I intend to stick
to my position, relying on the judgment,' the
integrity and the intelligence of the masses of
the American- people the soldiers and tailors
expressly. Cheeis
Then, for my life I cannot see where there is
any tyranny. It is very easy to iuipugo mo
tives and suspect the purity of the best acts of
a man' lite If you come forward aod propose
a certain thing, your motives are suspected and
condemned; and if you withhold your opioioa
you are regarded as being opposed to the mat
ter, so that it is very hard to move one way or
the other, 60 far as certain perseos are concern
ed, in all questions pertaining to the interest of
the great masses of the Americao people, for ia
them is my hope and the salvation of tbo coun
try. I am with you citizen, soldiers and sailors,
Who has sacrificed or imperilled more than the
humble individual who addresses you? Has
not my all been put upon, it? My life, my pro
perty everything" sacred and clear to man
have been, staked upon it, and cao I now be
suspected of faltering at the close of this third
ordeal of the nation? - '
Who is' he, in public or private life who has
sacrificed more, or who has devoted more of bis
time and energies to the accomplishment of the
great end than I? And I have done it from
the promptings of my own heart and conscience.
I believe I was right, aod with your help aod
your countenance aod your 'encouragement, I
shall go through on that line.- Cheers and
laughter
And when I come to talk about sailors aod
soldiers; about this to be dooe and that to be
done, all I want is for yob to wait aod -see, so
far as the future is concerned. Wait and aee if
I do not staod by you, although every other
may falter . and fail. Cheers I want to aae
measures of policy brought forward that will
advance the interests of the people, of that por
tion of the people who have constituted the gal
lant and brave men who io both branches of
the service have upheld the national flag aod
sustained the country in the recent struggle.
I thank you, gentlemen, for the eoeouaga
ment. I thank you for your coon teo a ace 09
this occasion. It cheers me 00 and gives me
strength to perform the work before me. Ifwe
are true to ourselves ifwe are true to the Coo
stitution, the day is not far distant when thic
Government will be restored. Let as enlarge
the area of oar commerce and trade. - Let ua
not only inspire confidence at home, but respect
abroad, by letting the pation resume it career
of prosperity qd greatness.
As the President closed his speech he was
loudly and continuously cheered. The band
performed some more patriotic airs, and the iov
mense crowd dispersed. -
Reports from Europe say that the eatga
plague is 00 tbe decline.