" ' : ' r ' ' ' : '' ' ' : ' - M;" r . .-vF: : .,
J Y ATE-Sj . Editor and Proprietor.
frrmt of Subtrription-Tnt. Dollaes, in advance.
CHARLOTTE, N. C, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1870.
NINETEENTH VOLUME N U U D E II 047.
THE
Western. Democrat
ITBLISHED BT
1VILLIAM J. YATES, Editor and Proprietor.
lMS Tbrce Dollars per annum in advance.
Yi-ortMcmcnts will be inserted at
reasonable
or in accordance wnu iuuhaii.-
r. : ,i. ...m
Ol-ituiry notices 01 over uve lines ui uugiu u
be charged for at
advertising rates.
SMITH & HAMMOND
their Fall Stock of Drngs. Medicines,
,, wlilcli iliny are offering at very low prices,
uholfate ana reiau.
r..u!iirvl Merchants and Jothers
vishing Charlotte
will U well to call and get. quotations.
A"g - . la
Wool Wanted.
K, want to purchase a large amount, of WOOL,
f ,r uich we will jmv the highest market price.
McMUUUAV, DAVIS & CO.
J.tmi
her it, 1870.
Dr. W. H. Hoffman,
DENTIST, .
(Late of Lineolnton, A". C,)
rntfullr informs the citiiensf Cliarlotte an
tii p.:Mic nerally. th.it he hns permanentlj loca
. i :. irloiie. He is I'uilv prepared to attend
j a!! ? -tils relating to his profession.
t ,,..fiil nractics for more than 10 years in
iLU nn f count rjr and in the Confederate amy
j' daring the late war, warrants him in
P
i -;r.. Ui rrices.
Uihre DTer Smith & Hammond's Drug Store.
from 8 A. M. to 5 1' M.
i:.. k:,ck! M. 1. lVri am. Cafhir 1st National
Ciult if Charlotte: Dr. Wm Sloan, Dr. J. H. lc-
nd W. J. Vales. Editor Charlotte Democrat.
' Jn :tl. 170 ly
DENTISTRY.
Th-
!r r-v
i!d firm of ALEXANDER & ELAND is here
vi-d. at the former etaud in Krowu's buiMing,
, ;,l,..jp iIjc Charlotte Hotel. Entire satisfaction is
r:.r-n;.l. mid teeth can be extracted without pain.
Ti! V nrouaga f our old customers is res-pecltullj
!;-. -1
Robert Gibbon, M. D.t
IMIVSUJIAX ASl) SUHGEON.
'f t);lice orer Smith &. Hammond's Drug Store
Ri it-.ioe on College Strri.
Ja:i2l, 1.7U. . '
D
O. XT. lii-UUUiliUO, jjx. J-r.,
T Ti 'M'triArMVlfl T.T
nfrM Li riiofeasioual serfices to the citiiens o
Charlotte and surrounding country.
;ht ml iUv. nrouiDtlr attended to.
1
All calls, both
u.iioe in Drown's building, up btairs, opposite the
Chvljtte HoteL : ,
Oct iMiS- . j .
' Dr. JOHN H. McADEN,
Wholcsalo and Retail Druggist,
CIIAXLOTTX, A. C.t
II, r n tiand a lar?e and well selected stock of TUUE
DRUI.S. Chemical. Talent Medicines, Family Mcdi-
r;iii. Oils. Varuishcs, lvc IStuffs, Fancy and
T..i!.-i rti-l.. wbieh he is determined lo sell at the
Ttrv biwe-t prices.
' Jn 1. 1S70. . .
W. F. DAVIDSON,
A T T O II X K V A X 1 A
Charlotte: N. C.;
OfJcc orer 15. KoirMAx's Store.
1)
c l:i. IS' ill ly ; .
DR. E. C. ALEXANDER,
Charlotte, N. C ,
nr..r h- wTviee no 1'Iivsician to the citiiens of
Charlotte and surrounding country.
oiiosite Charlotte Hotel.
r-v'.IirJ Alexander makes a good Cough Mixture,
Iv-rw than any Patent Medicine-. Try it.
F.b 7. 171. '
o
rB ACT1CAL
Watch and Clock Maker,
AXI HEALER IM j.
JEWELRY, FIXE WATCHES, CLOCKS,
Watrh Muttrialf, Speetarlr, 4"C
Ang. 1807. CHAKLOTIE, N. C. ,
MANSION HOUS K ,
Charlotte, N. C.
TM well-known House having been nwly fur
nled and rcfittel in every department, is uw open
lor the accommodation of the
ti:a yklixc! public , "
I.Omnihusscs at the Depot ot arrival of Trains.
J n Jl, 1870. II. C. ECCLKS.
Stoves, Tin & Sheeting Iron Ware.
Always on hand the best STOVES in the market.
Spear's Chlorine, Excelsior, .Columbia aud Live-Ok
Cookin Stoves. ; ' "
I.ox a nl Parlor Stoves, j
Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware."
Hollow Ware, Japanese Ware, and Tarpons
Housekeeping Articlos.
All wares and work warranted as represented.
rco Orders respectfully solicited.
Feb L'S, li70. . D. If. M'ERLY.
II. . r.CCLES, T. II. OA1THF.B.
of Iredell couufy, N. C. of Mocksvilio, N. C.
ECCLES & GAITHER, '
Auctioneers and Commission Uerchants,
Charlotte, N- C,
For tbe sale aud purchase of Cotton, Tobacco. Grain,
Flour. Prixluce and Merchandize of all kindsj .Mansion
House Uuilding. Charlotte. N. C. ' !
IlF.rEEE.rna T. W. Dewey & Co., Bankers: M.
l'egr-nn. Cashier, First National li.u.k ; W.J.
Vale. Kditor Western Democrat," Charlotte, N. C
March 28, 1870. v
D. SNYDER & . SON
Gun and Lock smiths.
CHARLOTTE, N. C, j
'isns,
-
- - - . "
liinVs. PUtols. Door Locks. Trunk Locks and
VT of nil
Te best of Ciiins. Rifles. c, constantly' for sale
cr 1-rocuved to order at prices low . imiwx. . j
j to the new Jobbing 8hop to.g"t your Arpis, !
""Hs or Sporting Goods, or, have your old work!
f't le a go. a new. '
Suop ia Parka Iialldinw near tlii PiiWirt Snnare. i
i. -- u y
DAVID SN VDER,
A,,o 1S70. W. E. J6NVDEK.
; Management of Brooms. If brooms are
wet in boiling soda once a week, they will be
come very touh, will not cut, the carpet, last
much longer, and always sweep like a new
broom. A very dusty carpet may be cleaned by
setting a p:til nf cold water out by the door,, wet
the bru ui in it. knock it to get of all the drops,
sweep a yard or eox then wash the broom as be
fore and fcwecp again, being careful to shake all
the drops offthe broom and not sweep far at a
time. ' If done with care, it will sweep a carpet
Tcry nicely, and you will be surprised at the
quantity of dirt in the water. ! Tfie water may
need changing once or; twice, if the carpet is
very du!-ty. Snow sprinkled over a carpet, and
and swept of before it haa time to melt and dis
solve, is also nice for renovating a soiled carpet.
; Administrators' Sale. '
I As Administrators of the late W. T, Alexander, we
will sell at public auction, on the premises, com
mencing on Tuesday the loth of November next and
continuing until all is disposed of, all the personal
property of faid deceased, consisting of 5 Horses and
Mules, 15 head of Cattle, among them several fine
Milch Cows, crops of Cotton, Corn, Wheat, Oafs,
Roughness, 3 good road Wagons, 3 Cotton Gins, one
in excellent order; 1 two-horse Carriage, 1 Enggy
and Harness. 1 good Piano, Household and Kitchen
Furniture, Farming Tools, &c. j
I Terms Six months credit with note and security.
' R. II. FLOW, f
! JOHN M. ALEXANDER,
; ' j Administrators.
1 l
N. B. All persqns indebted to said Estate are
hereby notified to pay up, and all having claims will
present them withiu the time prescribed by law or
this notice will be pleaded in bar of their recovery.
JOHN M. ALEXANDER,
i K. II. FLOW,
! Oct 24, 1870 3wpd ) Administrators.
!, Vacant Lot for Sale..
I offer for sale, privately, one vacant LOT between
Gov. Vance's property and the Rock Island Factory,
fronting on oth street. The property must be sold.
Oct '24, 1870 tf S. C. WOLFE, Attorney.
J.
S Phillips & jTrezevant,
31EHCI1ANT TAILOHS,
4 Granite Jiuur, Charlotte, N. C.
Hats, :
assortment to-be found in the
The finest and
best
market. I
; Furnishing Goods.
I Merino Shirts, Drawers, Linen Shirts, Collars of
all kinds. Gloves of all kinds. ' i
! W ater Prcof Clothing as cheap
of Goods can be found anywhere.
' Oct 24, 1S7Q, i
as the samn class
Call and see.
Plaster and Guano i for Wheat.
Tl A4T BARRELS' of Land Plaster and 100
EL Vir 'i-ysacks of pure Pacific Guano for sale by
i . BURROUGHS & SPRINGS,
Corner of College and Fourth Sts.
A
Steei Cheek, N. C, Oct. 18, 1870.
MessrsT4urrough8 &" Springs: Gentlemen: I
have used tue soluble Pacific Ouano lour years
on twieat, tints ana louon. i use notuingcise ana
still recoil mend it. M v crop ol cotton tins . year is
entirely sati.iTactory.
Vouis tiu'yv
Uct.J4, 1870.
ALLEN H. BROWN.
Cancers, Tumors and Ulcers.
R j H. KLINE, M.-D.,'at the Philadelphia Cancer
Institute, 181 Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa , and
E. II, GREEN. M: D.. at Charlotte, N. C, are making
most astonishing cures of j". '
'CANCERS, TUMORS AND ULCERS
Py new -principles Cancer Antidotes that remove
the largest Cancers and Tumors without an opera
tion with the knife, without Caustic, eating or burn
ing medicines, aud with but little pain.
No other treatment should ecer he used.
For particulars send for a Circular, call upon or
address either of the above.
Oct 870 ; Cuipd
GREGORY & WILLIAMSON.
NEW STOCK OF GROCERIES,
Brgce's Building, CllAltLOTTE, !N. U.
i ' j
The attention of strictly CASH buyers is called
to our largo stuck ol Groceries and Provisiuus, such as
Sugar, Coffee, Molasses aiid Teas, j
Salt, Leather, Fish of all sorts,"
Cotton Ties. Rope and Bagging., I
Pure Liquors and Wines for Medicinal purposes.
And everything usually ; kept In a wholesale and
retail Grocery establishment.
jy-AVe offer special inducements to those who
buy lor Cash. i . I 1
GREGORY & WILLIAMMJ,
Oct 10. 1870. Brycc's Building, Trade Street.
Shoes and Boots, Leather, &c
S. B. JMEACHAuj
In the National Bank Buiding,
Has reeeivicd a very large stock of
BOOTS, S II O E S, V E A T II E R,
Shoe-Findings, Belting,! &c,
To which he respectfully asks the attention of whole
sale and retail buyers. ! ' : ! :
I Tiie examination of this stock by country mer
chants is solicited, as it will be sold on as favorable
erms as can be obtained anywhere. 1 :
All the new styles of Ladies and Gentlemens'
Shoeand Loots will be found in GREAT VARIETY
Remember the place Store iu Bank Building,
next door to Granite Row. j j --!
j Oct lO, 1870 . 3m S-l M EACH AM
I New Fall and Winter Goods .
i AT IJEATTIE'S FORD, N. C.
! We are now receiving and opening by far the
largest stock of Goods ever brought to this section,
and keep constantly on hand almost every article
that can be called for in ! I '
Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware,
&c, &c, &c.
I Our Stock of CLOTHING. LADIES' and GENT S
HATS, BOOTS aud SHOES is complete.
I We deal in nothing shoddy, and warrant all goods
lo be as' represented. Having never beeu undersold
in the past, we never intend to be in the future
Tbe quality of our goods is the best, and our prices
the cheapest. j J
j Call and examine for yourselves the largest, most
varied and best selected stock of Goods you have ever
seen in Country Store. i
! CULP, CONNOR & CO..
j Oct 10, 1870 i' BeaUie's Ford, N. C.
r7h7:io ller & sons,
Wholesale Grocers,
i GENERAL tllODl iJE JjEALERS
! AX1 'j-
Commission Merchants,
! L'oihfHt Stret-t. CHARLOTTE. N. C
I May 10, 187a ; j
. Learn to Cook Well.
The health of the family depends upon it. ' TVe
know that there are those who associate luxury,
effeminacy, and all dependent iris, with every at
tempt of the kind recommended. But we do
not believe th4t health is promoted by eating
raw carrots or Idoughy bread or that to secure
long life, it is necessary to turn cannibal. Nor
were men made to graze like cattle, or eat food
like dogs. f j . ..
Nor is it necessary,' in order to shun the ; er
rors of which We speak, to rush into the opposite
extreme. , Godd cookery does not consist in pro
ducing the highest seasoned dishes, nor such as
foster a morbid appetite; but in preparing every
dish well, however simple or common it may he.
There ore, for instance, families who never'Hfeat
any good bread fr'm j one century to another,
and have no idea of what it consists. Nor are
meats cooked liny better within their precincts.
Those little,
simple, and healthy delicacies.
which the good' bousf keeper knows intuitively
how to produce are never seen here. Even a
dish of potatoes cannot get themselves well boil
ed. A member of the family might as well fall
among Hotteuiots, as. far as any proper nursing
iscoucerncd. jThese. things ought not to be,
nor is there any need of their existence, if the
wife has any just notions of her obligations to
herself and those about her. ' ; !
jThe science jof. bread-making, meat-broiling,
stewing, roasting, and boiling, of vegetablecook
ing, and of preparing the multifarious small
dishes of all sorts, which go to make pleasant
the table, and ill about, arc hers hers to under
stand aud practice.
Good and Cheap Groceries.
B. M. PRESSON,
;. Next dopr below Bryce's '.Building,
Keeps for Bale k choice assortment of heavy Groce
ries, such as J '
Bagging, Cotton Ties and Rope,
Molasses, Sugar and Coffee y'
Salt,! Leather, Bacon and Lard,
Corn, Cornj tMeal and Flour,' j .
Shoes, Sheeting and Shirting, !
. Pure Liquors for medicinal purposes.
And everything wanted in the Grocery line by pur
chasers, i i . !
I will sell very low for cash, and for cash only
Produce of a
1 sorts purchased at market rates.
Give me a ca
Oct 17; 1870.
1 and hear my prices.
B. M. PRESSON.
y ' !' B
I (The
KOOPMANN,
old Charlotte Merchant?) . ;
Has just receiv
ed a large and complete assortment of
DRY j GOODS, MILLINERY GOODS,
Ready
Made Clothing, &c,
Which he will
(sell cheap. His old customers and
the public generally are invitedta call and see him
since bis return from the North.'
Oct 17," 1870. ! I B. KOOPMANN.
Nursery Stock.'
FRUITj TREES, VINES, &c.
The Proprietor of the Yadkin, Valley Nursery offers
for sale a large lot of well grown Apple, Pear,
Peach, Plum, Cherry and Apricot Trees. Also,
Grape Vines,Strawberry.and Raspberry plants of
Address
; j A. E. CONRAD,
3m Vienna, Forsyth co., N. C.
Oct 17, 1870
t -
y
KO 8ECEET.
At Smiths' Shoe Stores.
You can buy the best and cheapest Boots, Shoes,
LeatherJ
Hats, Trunks and Tobacco.
Oct 17, 1870.
p. smith & CO.
Wheat Fan.
A first-rate Wheat Fan, in good order, for sale at
half price. Apply at this Omce.
Oct 3, 1870. j ,
COPPER-SMITH,
Mun-Smith, &a
The undersigned has opened a Shop in the Brick
Building next
to the Charlotte Hotel, where he is
reauv to uo any
work iu his line, such as making
aud repairing
C OFFER STILLS,
GUNS, LOCKS, dc
He i3 an experienced workman and
has a good
Gun3 and
assortment ot material on nana; also,
Pistols for sulci
Give Jinn a call, if for nothing else than an ex
ainination, as the is willing to always guarantee
satisfaction. F. KUESTER
Sept I'li, 1870
Jm-pd
! Astral oil.
The only objection raised against Astral Oil is its
cost. Consider this for a moment. Gil is one ot the
cheapest articles of household expenses. An ordi
nary family w 11 burn say ten gallons per year.
Astral Oil may cost 20 cents per gallon higher than
Kerosene. Here then is an additional expense of
$2 per yearv a little over half a cent pgr day, and for
this small difference you are insured a clear uniform
and beautiful light, together with the assurance of
perfect safety. !
Is there danger in the use of Kerosene Oil I j If
so, and you can insure tue perlect satety or your
family tor two dollars a year, should the small dfi-
tereuce' iu cost be considered ?
Wholesale and Retail by .
SMITH & HAMMOND,
Sept 19, 1870. Druggists, Charlotte, N- C.
Read
jtiONEY
This! Read This!!
SAVED IS MONEY MADE.
OSjBORNE & SCHIFF,
- 3faufacttrers nf llarnexx and Saddles,
Hare removed from oppecite the First National Bank
to the store lormeriy oocupiea ny x.. Lwengaru,
two doors above Messrs. Brem, Brown & Co's Hard
ware Store, where they keep the most extensive
stock ever kepi in this market for
Wholesale and Retail.
They will compete in prices with any house in the
UniiedSUtes 1 j
I Leather for Sale. j
Depot for SCHIFF & BEO'S Tannery.
Oct 111, 1870.
BUSHELS of Trince Edward Island Oats,
for Seed, " ' -
25 Bushels Norway Oata, for Seel,
73 Packages of New Mackerel. 1870. Cheap.
60 Box e. Cheese, Tery fiue Factory & Goshen
Good Rye and Corn Whiskey for medical purposes,
Good Apple Brjahdy from Estern North Carolina
'Oct 13, 1870; E. M. HOLT & SO.
t Found Out
; j"A fool," sajs the proverb, "will pass for I a
wise man if he will only hold his tongue." j We
remember, however to have inet somewhere with
a very amusing anecdote designed to show that
this is not always the truth, j I '
; A Very iutellijnt lady, goes the story, had
the misfortune to he joined to a husband so fool
ish that he could qot open his mouth without
betraying h is stupidity. Having been invited
oq one occasion to dine m a company ot very
distinguished scholnrs, the wife, feerful of being
mortified by some display of her husband s inca
nacitv. charged him not to sav a word during
the whole ereuing, "and then,'r said she, "they
won t know you re a fotdjf The good man
promised compliance, and stuck to his promise
most faithfully : for beiDir seated .. at j table be
tween: two strangers, each of them courteously
addressed some i remarks to jhim, to ' which ! he
vouchsafed no reply. After this had: been re
peated two or three times, one of theni. annoyfed
atf his' apparent' iimpoliteness, pronounced him
fa fool." '-Wife ! Wife !" cried out the poor
follow. "T haverk't said a I word, and thru ee
found me out.' y, .
I Poor Grant seems to be somewhat in the same
fix.! The only virtue we ever heard attributed
fco; him was that of reticeucel and; that he has
(certainly retained. Since he has been Presi
ideut he has not said a word, and yet- the people
have very generally found hint out. JSorjolk
' T ? 1 . i . i , - i :t ! V
journal. - ; ,!; . ...
A ;Man "Eating His Wouds." Can
a
man feat his own words"" ; Let us see.
It is
actually recorded, on j good authority too, that
the author of a volume which appeared at Wos-
cow some years ago, ana wnicn uiseussea me
'government freely, was seized by the authorities
and put into prison. ; W hat followed is thus
described by a traveller: who was present at the
scene;: ' A scaffold was erected in one ot the
most tmblic streets of the city : the imperial
nrovost, the magistrates, the physicians and
surgeons of the Czar , atteuded; the book was
separated from the binding ; the! margin cut off
aud every leaf rolled up like a lottery ticket out
of the wheel. The author was then served with
them' leaf by leaf, by the provost, whoput them
into his mouth to the no small diversion of the
SDectators : and he was obliged to swallow this
unpalatable food, on pain of the knout, in Rus
sia more feared than death. As soon as the
medical gentlemen were of opiniou he had receiv
ed into his stomach as much at a time as was
'consistent' he ; was taken back to prison to
digest his thoughts over again ; and, after awhile.
he had swallowed every dear. ' ;
T ' V: Li
laughable thing took place at a revival
meeting somewhere in Mississippi not long since.
The minister noticed a seedy looking chap m
one of the seats, looking ."as though jhe needed
jreligiorr or a good Square meal, j So hestepped
up to him and asked him if he was a jChristian.
"Nojsir," said he7 "I am the editor of the radi
cal paper in this place." "Theujin the name of
God, let us pray," replied tlje devoted minister.
Administrator's Sale.
By (virtue of a Decree of the Court of I Probate of
Mecklenburg county, JN. U., l suau sen at ruoiic
Auction at the Court House in Charlotte:, on Satur
day the 2Gth of November, 1870, Tweuty-five Acres
of-JLAND belonging to the late James Al Johnston,
on the waters of McAlpin's Creek, adjoining the
Lands of Nicholas P. Tredenick and oithers, on a
credif of six arionths. The Land will be sold subject
to the Dower" estate of said Johnston. I
. X ARTHUR GRIER, y
Oct; 17, 1870 6wpd, " j Administrator
The Old Fish and! Oyster Man.
j JOHN RIGLER,
'Opposite the First NatioimlBanlr,
Has made arrangements for receiving every morn
ing Fresh Oysters aud rish. j i 1
He hopes his old customers ana tne puouc gen
erally will give him a call at thej house next to
Cochran's Saloon, i
OctllO, 1870-
JOHN RIGLER.
NEW MILLINERY GOODS.
MRS. QUERY
Has just returned from-the North with a large as
sortment of Millinery Goods. She invites the Ladies
to call and see the latest styles and fashions
Oft; 1 0. 1 870. J
Office of County Commissioners,
MECKLENBURG; COUSTA,
r October 3, 1870. '
sealed Proposals be received
It was ordered tha
at the! next meeting of the Board, on the first Monday
in November, for some one to take charge of the
Poor House as Steward, and also for. Physician for
the Poor House. J The Board reserves tbe right to
accept any bid or reject all. T. L. jVAlL,. :
Ch'n Board of Comimissiouers
BANKING HOUSE. !
The undersigned have entered into a partnership
to prosecute a Bankihg, Brokerage and Exchange
business in the City 6f Charlotte under; the name
and style of ' 1 ' 1 1 -y :-
THOS. R. TATE & THUS. W. Utwix. j
The business will open this day (Oct. 6lb) and
carried on iu the Banking House heretofore occupied
by Tboa. W. Dewey & Co. ' , '
. 'M.-fj ".; ! THUS. U.i l AlIi.
Oct 11, 18G9. . THOS. W. DEWEY.
Saddles, I Harness,
&c.
; W- E.
SHAW
Would respectfully inform;
the public that he is -now
carrying on the ;
Saddle andl Ila mess 1
ous branches'. He can
be found in thebasemenf
nnder McLaughlin & Wal-j
tcr Brem's' Hardware
Store, at the sign of, the BEE HIVE, where he will
be pleased to see those wanting Saddles, Harness,
Bridles. Collars, &c , &c. i I
Repairing of all sorts in his line done at short
nolice. Trunks covered and repaired. : j j
The eo partnership of Shaw and Andrews was dis
solved by mutual consent on the 18th of Oct. W. E.
Shaw will attend to tne settlement or me numness.
Oct 21, 1870. i i W. E. SHAW.
! R. P. WARING,! -
i 4- ' w ' n 4- T. TTT I
CHARLOTTE, N. C. i :
Office up stairs in Crick Building opposite Uewey e
ink.
Oct 10, 1870. J I
. Instruction for the
Dear. .. Young -Readers Have i you ever
thought anything of the amount and kind of
preparation necessary,' after j we have eaten one
of our daily meals, to fit it for the nourishment
of our bodies? You all know, I am sure, that
the fod we eat stops for a time at the stomach,
and. mkny suppose thatV there the whole of the
process of digestion, is performed. This is a
great mistake, and I know of no better way to
correci so common an error; than to give you a
propei idea of the stomach digestion. .
In speaking of our food, it is better to sub
stitute the word aliment, for then you will easily
under stand the meaning of the term "alimentary
canal." This, let me explain td you, is the chan
nel by which aliments are pdnveyed thrpuh the
body, snd the useless parts I removed. It cooi-
meuces at tbe mouth . and j runs contiuuou&lyJJ
tnroun the entire length or the body. The
most important part of this canal is the stomach,
and fibin the back part of the mouth is reached
by a-muscular tube called j the oesophagus or
gulletJ j The stomach is anj! expanded,; pouch-
like rt ceptacle, situated in the upper region of
the bowels," beneath the lower; ribs of - the left
side, extending across the spinal 'column to-the
right ind terminating in the(first division of the
intestines, called the duodenum! It is composed
principally of muscular fibres, lined by a mucous
memb -ane which pours out from millions of
little tubes, the gastric juice or chemical fluid
that a ;ts'upbu certain parts of the food, and dis
solves them. The movement of these piuscular
fibres is an important one,' for they are so wisely
arranged that by iheir contniction; the solid ali-
iiieut is. moved about and brou";htverywhere in
contact with the gastric! fluid and its superficial
portion removed as fast as it is softened by diges
tion, j At the rightj and smaller, called the
pylorij; extremity, they are arranged in a circular
form, and constitute 4 gateway to the bowels,
and iti health retain the food within the stomach
until jt is limiefied and fitted for absorption and
further digestion in the intestines. A similar
arrangement exists at jhe larger extremity, called
the cardia. and prevents the; return of the food
thn ugh the oesophagus Since the peculiar ac
tion of the stomach depends':! upon its secretion.
jlet us study its nature and Jearn; something of
tne conditions most favorable to its action. The
lining; membrane of Jthe stomach is that part
from which this secretion; is derived. Like the
muscles, it must havei rest to' retain healthy ac
tion, therefore, the secretion of gastric juice is
suspended during the intervals of digestion.
No sooner, however, does tire food pass the car
diac orifice and enter the cavitv of the stomach
than a flow of blood takes place in; its vessels, its
lining meniDrane oecomes swollen and congested,
and its little tubes begin fco pour out a clear,
watery, ac1 fluid. This fluid exudes from its
surface in a multitude of ! nuniite drops like the
perspiration from the surface ;ot i the skin, and
comnig in contact With the food, 'begins at once
to act upon its different parts, h At the same
time the muscular coat is stimulated to contrac
tion, and produces a kind of gentle kneading or
Bteaay cnuruing oi ine ; inoai by winch it is
tooved lowl-y about and more readily penetrated
by the gastric juice lin the same manner as the
saliva, by means ot mastication, 1 moistens the
food that it may be swallowed With greater ease
The effect of the gastric juice upon the food is
to convert it into a pulpy mass of the consistence
of cream, and it is theu -called chyme. If we
examine this fluid more minutely, we will find
that it is only the albuminous constituents of
the food or such as contain nitrogen, that are
dissolved, while the starchy and oily matters are
uot altered. - This will not sCcm plain, unless
you are toJd that the starchy, and .oleaginous
substances are held together by a coverinjr' of
albuminous matter, the solutionof wbichT by
tne gastric juice, sets free their minute, yet un
changed particles. "j The peculiar! action of the
gastric juice is due to the presence of a sitb-
sta nee called, pepsin, j together ;with a small
qu.mtity of -Jactic acid, for the pepsine will not
ctupon the food unless it be j dissolved in an
cid fluid. ! 13y it, all the different albuminous
materials are converted' inth ia new substance
called albuiiiinose or peptone.! i It "is further
necessary in orderto produce its effect, that the
pepsine have a mode'raiely warm i temperature,
neither too hot nor tnopold. j Its greatest ac
tivity is about 100 Fahrenheit,' which is the
medium temperature of the iuteno of th'e living
stomach; . - - '! 1 i N
Now that I have given you some idea of the
physiology of the stomach, Jet! me giveyou a
few hints of the conditions nccessaty for healiuy
digestion. Although the process of digestion is
principally a chemical one, you must not consider
the stomach a kind of retort lh.it will not be in
jured by the introducf hp of improper substances. .
Ilemember that the gastric juice is the product
of a living membrane, and no produced as are
the various materials in. the chemist's labratory.
Nature requires that t ie healthy action of the
digest iver process be provided for by careful at-,
tendon to many particulars. jThe food should
be of good quality, and properly cooked. We
have seen that fatty substances are not digested
in the stomach, and you will; readily understand
that a process of .eookmg,- by which fats are
allowed to be soaked, through the food, will pre
vent the gastric j'jice'frora 'acting freely upon
the albuminous particles, and overtax the mucous
membrane by a longer continuanceinf its swollen
and congested state thjm U j natural. For this
reason1 the best methods of cooking are the sim
plest, such as roastingj broiling! ;or boiling. The
food should also be taken in moderate quantities.
A large : quantity of food taken at one time,
'exerts a paralyzing; influence! Upon the stomach.
and lessons the energy with which its fluids
otheiwise act upon the alimentary materials.
This danger should be specially avoided when
the appi'tite is voracious, for Jlhls desire is an un
natural one, and its gratification will pretty cer
tainly lead to derangement of he digestive func
tions. ; .Our meals should be taken with regu
larity. 1 1 Our own ' observation teaches ua that
digestion, like sleep is subjected to the influence
of habit, and sooner or !atier! every one must
suffer who continually fails to obey a law which
experience so plainly inculcates. , ;
The results of all experimeintors .convince us
that any meural disturbance such as anxiety,
anger r vexation, not only takes away the appe
tite, but interferes with digestion. The old
maxims,; that a contented mind is the true efixir
of life, and that to laugh, is to grow rat, forcibly
asserts the necessity of contentment and cheer
fulness as regulators of vital action, and in oono
ire these mental conditions more needed for
healthy activity, than in the onV'we have beenr
considering. The practice now so common ia
fashionable life,; of eating ico , cream, and auch
cold dishes, however agreeable ii may be at the
time, are not in harmony with physiological
principles. .
It has beer4 ascertained by direct experiment,
that lowering the temperature of the atomacb,
interferes with, and retards tbe process of diges
tion. Drinking cold water also exerts the same
injurious efleot. I -hope I need not- tell any of
you, for your own sakes, that alcohol in any
form, destroys the power of the gastric juice, by
throwing down the pepsine in an insoluble state.
In this way we are to account for the vomiting
that so often follows drunkenness, for the food '
remaining bo long in ' the stomach, in an nodi
gested state, acts as an irritant, and nature ex
pels it. j This is not inconsistent with the fact
that a small quantity of spirits taken after
hearty meal, aids digestion, for in such a case it
stimulates the paralyzed organ to activity.
There are other important facts I might add,
but I have already made my letter longer than I
intended when I began, and I will perhaps have
more to say on. the same subject in a future
letter. Yours very cordially, "Doctoo."
'V . m ' i ,. -
Good Health.
Good health is so necessary for enjoyment of
life, to sound thinking, to prudent and success
ful workiug, that every man's duty is to secure
sound health. There are thousands of people
who pass for healthy men who are far from Do
ing so. It is true that they need no physician,
that they require no medicine, that they lose bo
time", but keep on regularly with their business.
But they do not get out of their body half of
the work of which it is capable, and they alto
gether fail of that enjoyment which the Creator
has provided for perfectly healthy persous.
A man may have neither dropsies, fevers, nor
any marked disease, nor even be ill, and yet he
may lack tone, strength, buoyancy, and cheerful
ness of spirits, and that courage which is apt to
go with lull health. He may drag himself
through a business operation consuming hours,
when half an hour only would be necessary if
oue was sharp and clear. With a dull axe one
may hack and pound upon a log four times as
Ioug as would be needed with a sharp axe. Our
faculties are tools. They must be well tempered,
and be kept with a cutting edge.
If a man suffers depression of spirits when ho
first wakes in the morning, snd requires two or
three hours before he gets warmed up to his
work, he surely is not in good health. If one
suffers from drowsiness after meals, if at evening
all his powers are flagged, he is not io good con
dition. A real healthy man is bright and cheer
ful at waking in the uiorniogoes to bis meals
with good appetite, and thinks no mora about
his food after it is eaten than a mill does when
the grain is in the hoppers, works and thinks
with alacrity, directness, and efficiency, looking
before him all the time with gentle hopeful! n ess.
The natural and healthful action of faculties and
organs is pleasurable. A gentle pleasurableness
is. a sign of health. The absence of it marks
either disease or an under-tooo of the system,
out of which diseases are easily developed.
While physicians would classify in a scientific 1
manner the ailments of men, it is enough for our
purpose simply, to refer to the most frequent
causes which contribute to produce a low stats
of the human system. " ' '
First, is over-eatinp and drinking. When
boys are growing, and the body is building it
selfataripid rate, the appetite, though vora
cious, is natural and heathful. . Hut after the
age of twenty-five, growth is usually at an end :
all that the systeih then needs is a resupply of
material wasted day by day in labor.
Those who are subject to hard material labor,
and in the open air require-and will bear tuore
food than those who are sheltered, scdeqtary,
aud subject to very moderate exertion. If men
eat more than they need, all the digestive ap
paratus is overworked; the-various parts of the
body are over nutriated, the brian is dulled, the
stomach i at length enough impaired to keep
up a complaining siatc.
The higher the civilized conditions of society,
the more apt are men to suffer impaired vigor
from over-feeding, because viands are multi
plied, and made more tempting because men
have more leisure and atjog becomes a luxury
as well as a necessity -because people are les
addicted to work, get less fresh air, and tiro less
w. sunlight. Every day we see inen of cood'
morals, of position in society, of estimable qualu
ties, who are inferior or unhappy for uo other
reason that they ate not wise in estjog.
There is many on irritable man, fulijlooded4
florid in. face and quarrelsome, who would be
come peaceful and contented if half of his tuea?
rations were knocked off. .
nother fountain of ill health is food v
over-celcbral excitement snd onderslecp. Theae
causes lower the working power of society we
should think one full third. Peoples Journal,
i A Warning to Prefers.
A little girl, wlu man sitting wearily on
summer day while a very celebrated aud equally
pompous bishop was holding forth, whispered to
her mother, ; -O, come away, mamma cooe
r i
away. J?e so tired.
"Not yet, my dear: he will soon be done.
said her mamma; Het us wait a little longer..
The birds kept singing and the preacher
preaching, till the little girl, all worn out, an
longiug for relief and freedom in the. opco V
pleaded. ' Do come now, mamma."
"Hush, dear, was the response, he 11 sooa
be done just iu a minute."
This was more than little patience could stand;
and while the tears were running down her
cheeks, she said, as she looked hopelessly at the
expanding preacher:
Ob, no, mamma; he is just- puffed for au
other blow." .
Kind Heabted and Practical. A Kan
sas lady on retiring to her room one night found
it? literally filled with martins, which had flown
in during her absence. Instead of harshly turn
jug them out into the cold' the kind-hearted
lady captured nearly all the little creatures and
ud them served up the next day in a pot pie.
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