North Carolina Newspapers

iSTHe &havioie emocrctL &havloUc, Continued from Firet page. tion will be made to finish the wing now so nrr n.nmnlption. and furnish it lor the re ception ot patients. This can be done at an early period of the Summer of 1880, and will give much relief to many distressing cases which cann t fin 1 room in the Asylum at Raleierh. For reasons well known to all who are ac quainted with the 'Vtale of the Treasury, but little has been done toward providing an Asylum for the colored. An appropriation of $20,000 was made by the last Legislature, Vinf m tav was levied to raise money, and at i-.i..uT.nrU,nntifip1lmP.il.it pass the summit, and the track can . y, i it.:ii;., completed to Asheville easily bv mid ha rnnir n fT. rav uiv war. an 13. vj 11 "s. 1 " I ' T 1 .'I Lj . . such work as cutting a Railroad track through our Western mouitains, unaided by all the modern appliances .nnd material now used in such operations, anc? which cost more money than the company cruld com mand. Owing to the geological peculiari ties of the formations through which the track is cut, vast slides of earth and rock, some 01 them as great as ntieen acres 01 surface, have been continually falling into the track as fat as it could be removed. LJut the work is now almost done, day-light is nearly through the great tunnel. In a few weeks from this day the engine will the summit, and the track can be pay my tn An not hi ti tr toward an obiect so much needed, I appointed a board of commission ers, as the act required, and requested thern at least to select a location and make a be ginning. After proper deliberation and ex amination the board finally located the Asy lum near Goldsboro, as being near the cen ter of our colored population, and purchased a beautiful site containing 170 acres on the Railroad and Little River, within one mile of the town, for 5,000, a large part of which ; fnrmintr land. A design has been ae- Summer. Owing to the condition of the Treasury, I did not purchase the whole amount of iron which I was authorized by law to buy, though greatly tempted to do so by the low price for which it was ottered. About twelve miles of rails only were purchased, the cost of the whole being a little over 75,000. The remainder of the appropria tion will furnish the iron necessary to reach Asheville unless it should rise greatly in the market. By the reports of Mai. Wilson, cepted and the foundation of the building 1'resident, it will be seen that the earnings, i'i ,:n k roirt .if the by his estimates as engineer, of 427 hands 7 - , , m ,A, rmmJBalm.nrs Tt. now remains for VOU to taoout uie average nuuiuer iunusneu mini provide means to erect the building, which have been nearly 100,000 per annum, or K .. .. i .1 ... 'Pl. l!9(in mm tnr fhn vpara lR77'7fi i rnnuttn v wnmmpn no none. inc i --,- j " j a. ivjivvvih l .i... - - i . . . . - . care of our insane s a heavy and growing per annum per nana gross, burden, are alike but humanity and the Constitution The cost of supporting, guarding and over s imperative that it shall be done at seeing them has been tor the same tim State expense. Let us nut try to evade a plain duty, but face it manfully, using due rare to nrevent extravagance an I waste in the manner of doing it. The Penitentiary. The Penitentiary sys tern of dealing with our criminals is com paratively new in this State, and as it is now by lar the most costly ot an oiirinsiiiu lions, anu is aiuiusv uan v ucv-uming mvi everything pertaining to it is deserving ot vour earnest attention. The main idea of such a system is to punish offenders with hard labor, either to reform or deter them and others from the commission of crime. The economic problem is to make this labor support the institution. The plan adopted at present is much more than doing this if the work being done by the convicts was paid lor in cash. The number of convicts now on hand and their distiibution is shown hv the renort of the very competent and j i . . . time I x . mi m a a noil t y,ou. Their health has been ex cellent. As nearly as can be ascertained their net earnings, deducting everything and including the sick, the women and all others not at work on the Road from any cause is $121.50 per hand. On the whole the experiment ot construct ing that itoad by the convict labor has been a success. I hope it will be continued, the number kept up and every necessary step taken by your body to finish the Road to its Western connections as heretofore agreed upon. lhe squad of hands employed on the Georgia and North Carolina Railroad has finished grading to the town ot Murphy, in Cherokee county. 1 have received no offi cial report of the work. Col. L. C. Jones, President of the Western Rail road, makes a very flattering report of the progress ot the work done by the convicts on his line. Hav ing determined Li extend it in the direction of energetic Hoard Of Directors and ftUperin- ureeusuoro, me company ugjiu wors ai or near i,,,,,,,.!, 'VUu ahln JVtwokni.t Eovljt in March, 1878, with 100 convicts, and there tendent,sentheiewith. lhe able ioice kept ood prospect of soon seeing this Road cow in the enclosure has been constantly employ- nieted to Creenshoro. It will nncn out a fine sec- ed upon the walls and buildings, and by placing a cash valuation upon the work done, it will be seen th t they have earned handsome wages over and beyond then- keep. The returns from those engaged on the various Railroads show greater wages, valuing their work by engineers estimates. These estimates are very liberal toward the Company for whom the work is done, yet it will be seen that the convicts have earned more than four times the minimum fixed by the Legislature at which the Companies should be charged. Value of Convict L,abor. from this we may draw some valuable conclusions : 1. That convict labor is almost if not quite as valuable lor toad construe ion as hin d labor. 2. That convict labor is more valuable, pieieu io ureensooro. it win ope tion and be a great benefit to the country through which it passes, to Favetteville and to Wilmington. The Chester & Lenoir Narrow Gauge Railroad Company has finished its line to Dallas, in Gaston county, and the grading to Newton on the Western North Carolina Itailmad. From that point to Lenoir, the greater part of the grading is done, and the work is being pushed Willi energy. Ihey have been furnished with fifty convicts, and the number has been kept up. 1 cordially commend Hi is enter prise to your favor. It is reaching out m a direction perhaps more important to the welfare of the stat'i than that of any other Kail road, except the Western North Carolina. It not only points toward the most re lnaruauie and extensive iron and copper mines in the South Cr.mberrv and the Ore Knob but also the s;ilt, lime and plaster deposits of Washington count)', Virginia, the cheap imp nation of which would probably t'o more to renovate the agriculture of our State than am thing which could perhaps be devised. 1 regret to say that work on the Spar tanburg & Asheville Railroad has been suspended used in this kind of work, than employed at jct as it has attained the crossing at the Iilue Ridge trades and mechanical work in close con- the beautiful valley of the French Broad, .. I i wo uuiHiicu uanus iiau ueen Kepi wim m:u com iMitriui uk. pany under a contract m-ide before 1 came m'o J. That the healt h and gent ral tone of office, at a small hire, which contract was respected the convicts is better in outdoor work. In- by my Board until last September, when finding fiuenced bv these considerations lam in- ll,e Company in a failing condition, and unable to j cliicetl io sav that, in my opinion, it is our policy to provide labor for them on public works altogether, after the completion ot the Penitentiary buildilign, leaving within pay, the hands were withdrawn, and placed on the Western .North Carolina work, bevond the Kidge. The Atlantic & North Carolina Railroad has been environed with diflicul ties ever since my ac cession to ollice, some of which were called to the attention of the last Legislature; a suit begun in the State Courts to impeach the validity of the mortgage bonds, on the ground of usury, was fol lowed by a counter suit in the Federal Courts to foreclose the mortgage and sell the Road. These have at length been compromised, on terms w hich it i9 thought will enable the Hoad to live and meet its interest promptly hereafter, the accumulated interest being funded, and tune of payment ex tended, the bondholders surrendering f 10,000 of bonds and coupons to be canceled. When it came into th'j hands of the present Hoard, it was ap parent ly in the last extremity of exhaustion. Its road-bt d, track and bridges, worn out and unsafe. its roiling stock run down, its employees unpaid, its interest really twelve months in default, and a floating debt of about &27.000 due all this has been changed. The road-bed, bridges and rolling stock, are now much improved ; the floating debt has all been paid, employees are paid oft weekly, arrangements made to adjust its bonded debt, an old tax debt due the United States, compromised at $ o.oUU is being paid at the rate of $;00 per month, $1,500 being already paid; and the President re ports $10,000 in the Treasury on the 1st of January to meet tne interest when the nrst instalment be comes due in July next. Its gross receipts for 1877 were about la per cent greater than the year pre vious, and up to date of report were still grealer tor ls. iheseare certainly very gratifying re 1 1 . 1 . i . . , " 1 t. .. , , . , ... suns, iiuu irive positive assurance inai me itoau Jtauroaus, and many rich swamps might oe can tke care of itself, if run on business principles uraiucu in me same manner. in mis way and ny business men. it is a source of much re the increasing cost of the Penitentiary would gret to me that the plm adopted by the Board and l.o tpnt r.w.. nn.l n vosl l.nofi. t tl.n , a. UPPfOTea 1)V 111C to ICaCll this did CaUSed SUCh . . ! liWA I onnii. it un unfl enhu pIpiI all vtnnnrnmi tf r ra n :rtfti til lk-ho. 1 I . 4 x . its walls only such as from feebleness or the nature ol their crimes cannot be sent out side. In addition to the completion of the Koads begun by the State, and to which labor has been already assigned, there are a number of local Railroads and turnpikes greatly desired in many pans ot the Mate, and valuable swamp lands to be drained, at which convicts might be employed with great proht to the Mate, the eunti. s or communities supporting the convicts. i think that whenever any county or commu nity wil obtain a charter tor building a Railroad or a Turnpike, or draining a swamp or dyking a River, anil will undertake to support the hands, they should be given the convict labor, lucre are many fertile val leys of greater or less extent, remote from Railroad facilities, such as the great valley of the Yadkin from Salisbury to Patterson, where well-to-do farmers I am sure would be induced to attunpt the building of nar row gauge Railroads if they were given the necessary labor: and many excellent Turn pikes would be constructed as feeder to our from October to January. It is to be regretted. Ana l nave no doubt is very surprising to tee finance committees or the last General Assembly, mho thought the tax bill would yield sufficient revenue; and so it would, and more, under a better scheme of assessment. I cannot conceive it possible to devise one which would operate more unequally, unjusuy or preuuiciauy to tne Treasury, l he rule for every county, town and township is differ ent, and the values of property situated iu the same locality aud of the same character, are as variant and unequal as the avoidedarbitrary, and often in different opinions of the assessors 1 may - chance to i . ir i:..l i . J oe. veryjiiwe properly is assessea to anvwuere within the neighborhood of its value, but that does not matter ; the essential idea is to have the assess ment bear the same uniform proportion to the true value of the property taxed. Unless this is secured, one man pays a vastly higher tax than his neigh bor, and one township or county than the adjoin ing township or county, and it is in the power and often happens in practice of the county as sessors and commissioners to defeat the will of the Legislature by lowering the assessments. It be comes also a heavy tax on honesty, and compels the conscientious man to pay sometimes double or treble the tax paid by his less scrupulous neighbor. A remedy for this evil is demanded alike by justice and good policy. What that remedy shall be your wisdom must devise. We do not want an increase of taxes but an equalization of taxes, and a faithful collection ot those which are levied. My own opinion is that the Treasurer, Auditor, or other State officers; be authorized to act as a State Board of Assessors, with power to supervise and equalize the assessment or the county officials whose lists should be summitted to it ; and it should have au thority to summon witnesses, hear testimony, &c.,; and if the county assessors were chosen by this State lioard it seems to me we would almost have a guaranty that uniformity could be secured. bo, too, some disposition should be made relative to the lands sold for taxes and bought in for the State. For ten years these lands have been accumu lating, until, as the report of the Secretary of State informs me, there are now iu his office Sheriff's deeds for 1756 tracts and lots of real estate, repre senting taxes to the amount of nearly $17,000, on which the time for redemption has expired, and the State's title is absolute. In most cases the owners continue happily in possession, whilst their defaults gotoswell the taxes of their neighbors. I refer to the Treasurer's report for a statement of the annual expenditures of the Government, which is so clearly set forth as to need no comment from me. Publie Debt. The public debt, it will be seen by the Treasurer's report, amounts to $16,960,043 prin cipal and $10,160,183.25 interest. This is known as the recognized debt, as contradistinguished from the special tax bonds. What shall be done with it is a question that deserves your best consideration. It is out of the question for us to attempt to pay it at its face value. Indeed I do not conceive that there is any moral obligation on us to do so ; nor do our creditors expect it of us. Quite one-half of our property upon which our bonds were based was wantonly destroyed by consent of a large ma jority of those who held them, and no Court of conscience upon the earth would permit a creditor to destroy onerhalf of his security and claim full payment out of the remainder. But we cai and should pay something. The resolution of last ses sion constituting the Governor, Treasurer and Attorney-General, a committee to confer with our creditors, gave no power to make or accept any proposition whatever; and so an invitation to visit New York to confer with the holders of our bonds was declined as the accompanying correspondence will show. Besides this no attempt to open nego tiations with us has been made. But I have grounds to believe that very reasonable terms in deed can be obtained if we evince a determination to settle the question and be done with it. I refer exclusively to what is known as the "recognized debt. So far as the special tax bonds are concerned, my opinion as expressed to your predecessors, re mains unchanged that they are not binding either in law or good morals, unless it may be as to a very small fraction honestly appropriated to the State's use and accepted by her. For one I vow my readiness to co-operate with you to the full ex tent of my power in devising the method and bear ing the burthens of an honorable adjustment of all our indebtedness, as something which sooner or later will have to be done alike for the sake of our good name and our future prosperity. Federal interference with State Courts. I also call your attention to certain matters which have oc- cuiTikl since your last session, and which give rise to questions ot difficulty and grave importance, in volving a serious conflict between the laws of the United States and those of the State. At the Fall term, 1876, of the Superior Court of Guilford county, one Hoskins and two others were indicted for an assault and batterv UDon Levi Humble. In March, 1877, the defendants having been arrested, nled in the omce of the Circuit Court of the United States for the Western District of North Carolina, their petition under oath, in which they set forth that they were officers of the Internal Revenue department of the United States, and that the acts charged against them in the bill of indict ment I have mentioned were committed undercolor of their office: they therefore Draved that the prosecution against tnem should be removed from the 8tate Ourt to the Circuit Court, in pursuance oi an act ot congress now embodied in section 643 of the lievised Statutes of the United States, and wincn provides tuat criminal prosecutions com menced in any Court of a State against any officer acting by authority of any Revenue law of the I T .. : ...i fcj .. .... .v .. . r . i j much oiaim, un iiranmi ui any acii uone unuer color ot uis oiqce, may at any time before trial be removed for trial iuto the Circuit Court next to be holden in the District where such prosecutions are pending. The prayer of the petition having been granted, a copy of the order removing the case was, on the Oth of March, 1877, served upon the Clerk of Bgainst O. W. Swepson And M. S. Lf ttlefield having 1 been tried, as was alleged, before Judge .Watts in The Cotton Movement. dp. tU o-oolr pndincr Friday night, Jan- 1875, and taken by certiorari to the Supreme Court uary 10th," the receipts of cotton reached ouu ucnug uiuiiuuni iuwc uuiu auiuai iui, was I 121 091 Dales 8 LT SmSl l0,lti uai vuw then decided upon and case remanded ' lor a new . - ' j- 'u ;u Wnmbpr 1 18?8- trial. The circumstances are all set oat with par- preceding week, feiuce September - ticularity in said decisions, reported in 79 N. C, to tne total receipts have been 2,840, oaies, which you are referred. Under a resolution of the against 2,640,769 bales last year, showing Legislature, ratified on the 16th of February, 1874, an increase for 1878 of 199,613 bales. 1 employed counsel to assist. An amended bill Tu prnnrfl) fnr th last week were 105.- 288balee. of which 49,002 were to Great Britain, 20,779 to France, 35,507 to other continental States, ror the same weekjast year the exports were i 126,3 ltlbaTes; a de crease for this year of 21,029 bales. The stocks on Friday night were S5y,lSZ bales; last year 888,1 12 bales ; decrease for this vear, 28,290 bales. The week's sales for future delivery were 461,500 bales; for immediate delivery 4,907 bales. Business opened for the week quite firm for spot cotton and futures. This was the enect ot the snow blockade. The receipts for the week and the .con-eft i pending week of 1878 Were : 1879. against both defendants was found for obtaining money tinder false pretenses, and the case now stands for trial. It is alleged, however, that a com promise was made between parties acting for Swep son and the Western Division of the W. N. C. R. R. Company, which by implication binds the State not to prosecute. 1 did not wish, if I possessed the right, to take the responsibility of deciding whether it does or does not, and so refused to interfere with the due course of law. I respectfully ask your will in the premises, and forbear further remarks as manifestly improper upon a case now before the Courts. State Property held by the United States. The pro perty of the State, once called the Confederate Hos pital, now known as the United States barracks in this city, has been occupied by the United States ever since 1865 ; and although the troops have long since been removed, possession or payment for its use have both been refused contrary, as it seems to me, to both law and public comity. In accordance with a resolution of the last Uen- eral Assembly, I also applied to the Secretary of War to restore the official letter-books of the xuxec- utive office of this State taken by military authority in 1865, or to permit me to make a copy to supply the place of the original in this office. 15otb re quests were refused. The correspondence between Augusta, Ga, 3,911 Columbus, Ga., 1,941 Macon, Ga., 729 Montgomery, Ala., 3, 14 Selma, Ala., 2,124 Memphis, Tenn., 6,021 Nashville, Tenn., 1,316 Dallas, Texas, 479 the Secretary of War and myself in relation to the barracks and the letter-books, is herewith submitted. If : : l . i .. .... i, . iixy uuiuiuu iu imaiu w lucac iiiaucia uciuu lunula- i x a i . . j 0 .. ted in the correspondence itself, I make nS further Jefferson, (estimated) 800 comment. onrevepori, ia., State Oeoloaiit.The State geological survey hav- Vicksburg, Miss., 3,576 ing been made a co-worker with the Board of Agri- Columbus. Miss., (est d.) 622 culture, us useruiness has been thereby greatly in creased to the people. In order that it may be made still more to meet the popular needs, I recommend that it be placed under the direction of the Board of Agriculture, of which the State Geologist is ex officio a member, instead of the Board of Education, as at present. I am satisfied that the dissatisfaction which has for a long while existed with a portion of our people towards this most valuable and im- Bortant work, has arisen from a failure of the latter ioard to direct the labors of the Geologist in those channels in which the majority of the public feel most immediate interest. The Board of Agricul ture, constituted as it is, can surely do this ; and if so, good results may be anticipated. The University. The success which has attendid the efforts to revive the University is gratifying in the extreme. The number of students is constant ly increasing, a large proportion of whom receive tuition free the course of study is practical and thorough, the corps of Professors is ample and ex cellent, and the administration of President Battle has proven able and untiring. I commend most heartily to your favor this cherished memorial of the wisdom and patriotism of our fathers. Militia. To the unceasing energy and persever ance of Adjutant-General Jones we are intebted for the nucleus of an excellent volunteer miutia organ-ization-s-the State Guards. Two brigades of white and eleven companies of colored guards have been already organized ; the former consisting of thirty- two companies, uniformed at their own expense, and armed and equipped by the allowance from the general government. The great majority of them are excellent, industrious young men, the flower of the communities where they live, and not likely to sympathize in any way with lawlessness and riot. in case of emergency they would be invaluable for maintaining order and enforcing the laws. To all appearances the colored companies are equally well disDosed and deaerviner of encouragement. I earn estly call your attention to the memorial from the Eufaula, Ala., Griffin, Ga., Atlanta, Ga., Rome, Ga., (estimated) Charlotte, N. C, St. Louis, Mo., Cincinnati, O. 1,530 713 1,217 1,204 796 3,261 9,024 fi 1878. 4,146 2,405 1,333 2,466 2,233 7,033 1,354 208 450 2,443 3,141 1,092 175 194 1,785 806 887 6,966 3,472 Total, 45,145 47,588 The Chronicle's telegraphic weather re ports are of another cold week in the South; ice and snow are reported in very many sec tions, and at some points it is stated to have been the coldest for many years. The Great Famine in Brazil. Mr Herbert H. Smith, who is now in Brazil, collecting material for a series of papers on that interesting Empire, writes as follows: "r'eople in the United btates know little about this great famine that is raging in the northeastern part ol Brazil. I, myself, had no idea of its importance until very lately. It is enough to state that it affects at least one-fourth of the whole population of the Empire; that hundreds are dying of starvation, and thousands of disease incident to exposure and insufficient food. In the city of Ceara, w hich will be my principal point of study, the normal population of 30,000 has been swelled to 80,000 by fugitives from the drouth-smitten interior country : and among this 80.000 Earthquake nr Florida. Jackson, ville, Jan. 13. A' severe shock of earth quake was felt here 'about 11:45 last night. It lasted about thirty seconds an 1 appeared tq move from Southeast to North wet. Buildings weiAyioIently shaken, crocki ry rattled and doors were thrown open. The t-hock was felt at St. Augustine and down the Gulf coast from Funta Hassa to S'. Marks, as well as over the interior portion of 'the State. Nothing of the kiml wasevt r experienced here before. Cutting Affray. VVe learn that a difficulty occurred a few days ago, rear lhe North Carolina line, between Mr Samuel Belk and his step-son, Mr Fletcher Nixbei, which resulted in MrB. being severely cut in several places by a knife in the hands of Ntsbit. The difficulty originated from some family broil. Lancaster Ledger, Jan. 8th. Hogs, Beeves and Sheep. I have " fat Tennessee Hogs for sale, either at wholesale or retail. I also buy at Cattle, Sheep aud Hogs, paying the highest market price. J. YV. ADAMS, Charlotte, Dec. 6, 1878 . 3m City Butcher. CLOTHING, Gentlemen' Furnishing Goods, kt. L. BERWANGER & BRO., CliOTHlKRS AND PRACTICAL TaILORH, Offer fine inducements to Cash. buyers for the next 00 days, at their Store next to the Corner Store, Irwin's Building. . Drug Their Stock of Gents' Furnishing Goods and; Clothing, and Youths, Boys and Children's CLOTHING, Is immense, and will be sold AT COST sCRrar-Customers. They are bound to sell in order to ws&s room or a new Stock, and a call will amnlv reoav anv one desiriDg anything in their line. t5?Please call and inspect our Goods and Prices. L. BERWANGER & BRO. Charlotte, Jan. 3, 1879 yr SCARR & Druggists, Near the Post Office. . Charlotte. N Physicians and Families supplied ' with Pure )rugs and Chemicals. ALSO, Spices, Lamp Goods. Kerosene and Aladden Oil &c, &c. Jan. 10,187ft. tne aeath rate nas reached the enormous officers of this organization suggesting the means figure of 300 per day. These drouths are of supporting it and promoting its efficiency. The nP:nr1:ai nnnrntr ;n tvpnlv nr. tu-t v ' . 1 t .1 . Dykes Jor the Roanoke. As a further illustration of this idea, I beg leave to call your attention to the situation of that rich and once productive region, the Roanoke l i m f i i . country oeiow eiuon. one time me Egypt of our State and a source of great wealth to our people, those splendid and inexhaustible lands arc fast becoming a wil derness bv reason of the destruction ol the levees which confined the lloanoke within its banks. In the demoralized tate of labor there aud the reduced condition of the planters, it has been found impossible to re place them, and the whole region will be lost to the State for generations if some thing is not done to reclaim it. If the counties or citizens interested will under take to support the convicts and their guard, I recommend that sufficient force be furnished them to rebuild those levees and thus rescue that important portion of our State trom ruin, and enable the citizens thereof to recover their prosperity, and in crease greatly the public wealth. It is en tirely practicable as I am informed. Railroads. The public works have been pushed forward with energy and economy. l regret exceedingly that the management has not been able to have the cars on the the imputation that the great desire of the Board and myself to save the State's property was pur sued without regard to private interests. I believe and earnestly hope that when results are seen, these unjust impressions will be removed. Angola Ikty. It is also a source of regret that the work of cutting a canal through Angola Bav was not undertaken as provided by law. The Board were ready to do so at my request, and offered the convicts: but found it practically impossible to do tue worK, owing to tne omission ot tue act to pro vide the necessary means for its execution, there being authority for neither a survey to be made. overseers to be employed, nor implements to be purchased by the lioard. A little amendment to the law in this respect will enable the work to be done promptly. Navigable Waters. It is gratifying to see that the general Uovernment has btgun to take an interest in the improvement of our navigable waters. Sur veys of the Neuse, theiadkin and the Catawba are in progress or contemplation ; and if reported upon favorably, I would suggest that a resolution of your honorable body in this behalf would mate rially strengthen the hands of our representatives in congress in obtaining the necessary appro priations. 77- 7 ' 'i rr . . ... nitanciat. ine k reasurer s report will engage your earnest attention. You will see that whilst the utmost economy has been practiced, vet the funds in his hands have not been sufficient to meet all the objects provided by law. The reason is simply that the last .Legislature increased the ap propriations without increasing the taxes. But little over half ot the $140,000 appropriated to buv irou for the Western North Carolina Railroad ha cost of uniforms, loss of time and expense of ration ing themselves when assembling for parades, re views, cfcc, fall quite heavily on them. 1 he Mate Uuard really do all the duty, and nil all the functions of the whole militia contemplated iu the Constitution, and should be encouraged and supported liberally. I respectfully recommend that the Adjutant-lienerars pay be increased to $01)0. tfis duties are now considerable, and are daily in creasing In laboriousness and usefulness. Provision also should be made for a speedy and cheap enrollment of the militia by the tax-listers, or otherwise, and a small sum levied as an equiva lent for exemption from duty for the benefit of the school fund, as provided in the Constitution. Acts of the Legislature. Complaint is frequently made by the Secretary of State and others, at the careless and insufficient manner in which many of the acts and laws in the original are kept and en rolled. Some that were passed by your predeces sors were lost entirely, to some the amendments were lost, and could not be supplied from the jour nals, being often mere scraps of paper pinned to the originals which were lost in handling, together with other inaccuracies, which made it difficult to pre pare proper copies for the printer. I trust your committees and clerks will remove all further trouble in these respects. It is of sufficient impor tance to be looked after closely. Executive Clemency. -Much criticism has been made upon this and preceding administrations in regard to the exercise of executive clemency toward criminals, in accordance with law, 1 herewith submit a list of those to whom clemency has been extended by me, with a brief statement of the rea sons which influenced my action in each case. It will be seen that the number amounts in all to 106. the Superior Court of Guilford countv. and when. o which Id were commutations and 3 were simply at the ensuing Soring term of that r.mirt t.h cise respites. Counting those in confinement at the be- . . - . . ' I : r . i . i . i p wascaiieu, tne ueiemiants obiected to further pro- &'"u"goi my leriu.auu mose couvicieuoi oaences ceedinffs in the State Court nnnn th (rrmmd that during the past two years, the whole number of the Court no longer has iurisdic.Hi.n nf thp rase, offenders cannot fall short of 3,000, of which those I 1 1 . 1 V Upon argument before the Hon. William R. Cox. paraonea ana commuted wouia De one ana one-nan then holdincr the Guilford Snnorim- ivmrt that per cent per annum. It is quite possible that in officer was of opinion that he could proceed no some ca8es 1 have been imposed upon, though in iunuer in me matter, ana so decided From his vases oi iiuportauce j. uave maue ii a ruie io decision the Solicitor for the State appealed to the consult both Judge and Solicitor, and obtain their Supreme Court. Recognizing the important and approval. And it may also be that in some cases 1 delicate nature of the Question nresented I deemed have yielded to the importunity of friends human . . 1 I . u i . i it to oe my uuty to assist the deliberations of the "aiure uouiu scarcely avoiu mis in a government Supreme Court with a gument from counsel Pe ours but in the vast majority of the cases learned in the law. I accordingly pmnlnvnl mun. acted on, 1 exercised this grand and majestic attn eel to aid the Attorney General in nresentinir to ih oute of the collective sovereignty of the people. . . ... . -. . . . a I : i. : j - . . i i - . i-oun ine views entertained bv the iTovernment of wuii a oiucere uesiro u promote uie puonc goou. the State. After a full discussion by counsel the ana m tue fear of that God who is to pardon our Supreme Court, with one dissenting voice, affirmed transgressions, as we trust. The subject of the pro- the opinion and judgment of the lower Court and Per exercise of this prerogative is so grave, the re- dismissed the appeal. The same Question was ore- sponsibility especially in capital cases is so great sen ted to the Supreme Court at the same time in that tue criticism of those unacquainted with the lhe case of the State against William Heaver an. facts is often dangerous as well as unjust, as tend pealed at the Spring term. 1877. of the Superior In to force executive action one way or the other Court of Rutherford countv. from the imminent 1 contrary to judgment or conscience. I have tried years : it seems to me, therefore, that a study on the spot will be of very great im portance; it is entirely another side of Bra zil from that which I have before seen and written of." A LOSS. We have this day marked down about 40 pieces of Dress Goods to 25 cents, worth 50 cents per yard. Also, 30 or 40 pieces to 20 cents, worth from 33 to 45 cents per yard. A lot of Dress Goods to 8 and 10 cents, worth 12 and 15 cents. These Goods must be sold, and if you want cheap Goods this is the place to get them. ALEXANDER & HARRIS. P. S. Our whole Stock must be reduced, and in order to do so will sell very cheap. Jan. 10, 1879. A. & II. Begin the New Year By buying all goods in the Drug line of Dr. SMITH, Druggist, Charlotte, N. C. T. C. t3 FOR 10 years past, entering now upon his eleventh year, Dr. T. C. SMITH continues the Drug business at the same corner opposite the Cen tral Hotel, with increased facilities during 1879 for supplying the wholesale and retail trade. 'Goods well bought" "are half sold". Dr. T. C. Smith buys his Drugs and Medicines for cash. securing the largest discounts for the benefit of bis customers remember this. Country Merchants, Will find everything they need in the Drug line at Dr. T. C. SMITH'S Drug Store prices as low as any Drug House in the United States for the same quantities. 1 ry him. Flavoring Extracts, Green Tea. Macaroni, Tapioca, Spices and housekeeper's goods generally. best quality, at Dr. 1 . U. Smith s Drug Store. E3J Nobody undersells Dr. T. C. Smith on Ker osene Oil, or other goods in the Drug line, in either large or small quantities. . Try him. Bring Prescriptions To Dr. T. C. Smith's Drug Store and have them filled best quality of Medicines used and lowest possible prices charged. Western JSorth (Jarolina Kail road runniiiir been expended, none of the $20,000 appropriated aerosa tho HIiip 1!i1r W tl.U t5. n -o to t,ie colored Insane Asylum, whilst 15.000of the confidently expected wllen y..ur ulvdece,- I WSS 'K or aujuurueu. jio energy or aeiermina- which could be so postponed have been carried tion has been wanting, but iusuperahle ob- vtr into this year's account in order that the Rtacles up foiin,! in th nfitur.. f tho Treasurer should not be compelled to borrow country and the insufficienev of funds This deficiency, it will be noted, is only in regard j feting the collections otthe internal revenue of the It ., ? J , lUe umciency ol lunds. to tue M appropriatioil and i3 to ' nt United States. asea laoor can mate utile progress m attributable to.the lengthening of the fiscal year! State Prosetutions.-Xn indictment inaugurated of the Hon. John M. Cloud, the Judge presiding. Deaver and another had been indicted for a cou- spiracj' to extort money from one Henry Summit anu iiau obtained fn-m the Circuit Court of the United States an order of removal similar to that obtained by Hoskins. The decision of the Supreme Court was the same in both cases. Impressed with the importance of havini? the earliest possible settlement ef a question of so great moment, I directed the State's counsel to carry, by writ of error, both cases to the Supreme Court o'f the united Estates, where alone such questions of such a nature can be finally decided. Transcripts of the cases have accordingly been prepared and forwarded, and the cases are now depending in the Supreme Court. I am advised, however, by the State's counsel that there may be difficulties grow ing out of the peculiar constitution of the Federal Supreme Court, which will prevent an adiudication in these cases of the question 1 desired to have pre sented, i nave reason to believe that similar diffi culties have arisen in other States, and that public attention and discussion has been excited thereby. I therefore refer it to your honorable body to de- ciue wnetiicr l snail iurtlier prosecute the cases now depending in the Supreme Court of the United btates: or whether it more comports with the die- nity and gravity of the question, that you should instruct your Senators and request 3'our Represen tatives in Congress to call the attention of that honorable body to the fact that persons indicted under the criminal laws of this State are seeking and obtaining immunity from prosecution, under a Federal law enacted for the onlv purpose of nro- to avoid this ; but it is hard to hold the balance even amid buch complicating clamor. If error there has been and undoubtedly there was some I am glad to believe that it was on mercy s side. The reports of the Secretary of State, Auditor, ana superintendent of Public Instruction are here with sent and commended to vour attention. Thev evince economy and faithful work on the part of those officers. The Auditor requests me to say that he reserves his special suggestions for the various committees of your honorable body, before which he will appear from time to time. The Superintendent's report shows an encourag ing increase in the receipts and expenditures of the school fund and m the attendance of pupils. I also send in a communication and report from the Grand Lodge of Masons in this State relative to the Oxford Asylum for Orphans, and commend it to your attention, in connection with section 8, ar ticle XI, of the Constitution. And now, gentlemen, having briefly reviewed the condition of affairs and made such suggestions as I deem calculated to aid you in the performance of your important duties, I commend you to the Spirit of all Wisdom, praying that your labors may be such as will redound to the welfare of t'je great people wuose servants we are. Very respectfully, -our fellow-citizen, Raleigh, Jan 9, 1879. Z. B. VANCE. Seven members of the present Con gress have died since the beginning of the session, viz: Quinn of New York, Welsh f Nebraska, Leonard of Louisiana, Wil liams of Michigan, Douglass of Virginia, Hartridge of Georgia, and Schleicher ot Texas. ''The perfect Tooth Brush," penetrates the interstices between the teeth and cleanses thorough ly, while the ordinary brush does its work very im perfectly sold by Dr. T. U. bmith, uruggist. For a bad cough try Fox's Cough Mixture it will relieve the worst cough has stood the test for years. Sample bottles at Dr. ; T. O. Smith's Drug Store. t5? If you purchase only a few bottles of Medi cine in a vear. vou mav save enough for vour trouble by coming to Dr. T. C. SMITH'S Drug store to buy. J ry it. Charlotte, N. C, Jan. 10, 1879. MATTHEWS INSTITUTE. Male and Female. x The First Session of this Institution of learning, situated 12 miles East of Charlotte, on the C. C Railway, Mecklenburg county, N. C, will begin on Monday the 13th of January, 1879, and continue 20 consecutive weeks. Charges will be made strictly from time of en trance at Sl.23, S2 and S3 per month. Penmanship will be thoroughly taught and the Kindergarten and Chart svstems for children wil be introduced if desired. Board from $8 to $9 per month. The Village of Matthews has long been prover bial for the health, morality and refinement of its citizens, and is free from many of the allurements of vice and sin common in many sections. For further particulars address A. J. HARRISON, Principal. Jan. 10, 1879 2wpd Matthew's, N. C The Farmers' Friend Plow, At BURWELL & SPRINGS'. F CO. FEED! FEED!! 200 Bales Timothy Hay, 200 " Clover Hay, 20,000 Pounds Wheat Bran, 20,000 " Shipp Stuff, Corn, Oats, Peas, Wheat, Fodder, Jbc. W. W. WARD, Rear of Central Hotel, College Street, Jan. 10, 1879. Charlotte, N. C. Salem Almanacs. We are Wholesale and Retail Agents for the "Salem Almanac," and have now on hand a supply. Jan. 3, 1879. WILSON & BURWELL. LIVER. This important organ weighs bot about three pounds, and all the blood in a living person (about three gallons) passes through it at least once every half hour, to have the bile and other impurities strained or filtered from it. Bile is the natural purgative of the bowels, and if the Liver becomes torpid it 13 not separated from the blood, but car ried through the veins to all parts of the system, and in trying to escape through the pores of the. skin, causes it to turn yellow or a dirty brown color. The stomach becomes diseased, and Dyspep sia, Indigestion, Constipation, Headache, Bilious ness, Jaundice, Chills, Malarial Fevers; Piles, Sick and. Sour Stomach; and general, debility follow.. Merrell's Hepatine, the great vegetable discovery lor torpidity, causes the Liver to throw on from one to two ounces of bile each time the blood passes through it; as long as there is an xcess Of bile ; and the effect of even a few doses upon yellow com plexion or a brown dirty looking skin, will astomsu all who try it they being the first symptoms to disappear. The care of all bilious diseases and Liver complaint is made certain by taking Hepatine in accordance with directions. Headache is gener ally cured in twenty minutes, and no disease that arises iiuu meiiver cau cxim ii aiainruu la given. Sold as a substitute for. Pills by all Druggists. Price 25 Cents and $1. L UNO S . The fatality of Consumption or Throat and Lung- Diseases, which sweep to the grave at least one third of all death's victims, arises from the Opium or Morphine treatment, which simply stupefies as the work or death goes on. $ 10,U0U will be paid if Opium or Morphine, or any preparation of Opium, Morphine or Prussic Acid can be found in the Globe Flower Cough Syrup, which has cuied peo ple who are living to-day with but one remaining: lung. No greater wrong can be done than to say that Consumption is incurable. The Globe Flower Cough Syrup will cure it when all other means have failed. Also, Colds, Gough, Astbma, Bron chitis, and all-diseases of the throat and lungs. Read the testimonials of the Hon. Alexander II. Stephens, Gov. Smith and Ex-Gov. Brown o! Geor gia, Hon. Geo. Peabody, as well as those of other remarkable cures in our book free to all at the Drug Stores and be convinced that if you wish to be cured you can be by taking the Globe Flower Cough Syrup. Take no Troches or Lozenges for Sore Throat, when you can get Globe Flower Syrup at the same price. For sale by all Druggists. Price 25 Cents . and $1. . .- , , . B LOO D . Grave mistakes are made in the treatment of all diseases that are from poison in the Blood. Not one case of Scrofula, Syphilis, White Swelling, Ulcerous Sores and Skin Diseases, in a thousand, i treated without the use of Mercury in some form. Mercury rots the bones, and the diseases it produces are worse than any other kind of blood or akin disease can be. Dr. Pemberton'a Stillingia or Queen's Delight is the only medicine upon which a hope of recovery from Scrofula. Syphilis and Mer curial diseases in all stages, can be reasonably founded, and that will-cure Cancer. . $10,000 will be paid by the Proprietors if Mercury, or any in gredient not purely vegetable and haimless can be found in it. fST P" b? a11 Druggists $1. Globe Flower Cough Syrup and Merrell's Hepa tine for the Liver for sale by all Druggists in 25 cent and $1 bottles. A. F. MEURELL & CO., Proprietors, Philadelphia, Pa. Jan. 3, 1879 ly TJH w Senal tortal for U. memb Merri" To asceru sire fo States bear til I ha cratic ship, i my na II friend genen behalf feelin ventu to reg in me A c 1 slat u if Vane malio now ture v junce v Tin sage we w late ii ence 1 infon deal o ing. 'I)c Hatc 1880 i tors a Dem ted f Court Btate 8peaU inde two i not " them Govt1 the fl of ofti thing renpe A i L. Bn for tl we h .Btatis In coun pays show .the t t at an Tre;i "I'nii W or N 'Caro Wed cent of ten acte peop puhl pi "Hit crea' of pi men If men it w and nrt'u did the in g lv M by Tit lire rup sick SI nam this him the put log 1hr T cau-l the inur real and .TetrJ Lin nig lyin his tha fan! Extj Atti Deal UlwJ Gen Harl Not! Grol Oral FcH T.I Iroil 8. S 2,