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i CHARLOTTE, ! N. CI, FRIDAY; Y ; 14, ; WT ,mE rdLCMEKcEkB-'i 8.
IV. . VflTES, AND, PEOPBI
Termt of u4Jcnitto-2. 00, in.advaAce.
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-4J I AVJf 111 V.I U i.AlVA Vy V yJlUX.
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t II E : - :: '
Charlotte "Democrat, ,
v : :.. .J A.M '.I. YATES, .E'littjr iad PruprkUir .
tHMS- Ttfo'. DOLIiAlIS for one year, or
On Polhtr uiJ Twt-nly-fivf Cents for six mouUia
. .iiii.iv.iu.ii m-iint'iiA miiii in advance. . i
vfitiK mfnts will tx; inserted, at reasonable
uiis, (inn acc-'MUiuur i ii .
. .. ... :. nm fitro 1 3 1 1 in IPTiirTh wil
w. r.i..ir.r.l for ut advi-rtisina-rntee. i i - !
E. K. P. OSBORNE,
Attorn a.idCHUageJJor. at. Law,
dharlotte, N. C.
Speeial-attention given to Collections. Loan
Tie,L'otiut-d ou Mui t,r;uf(; and other secuxitie.'
1?" Oflice over liarty's China Store, Trade St.
:iear f!onrt 1 Inisr.
August D, ;.Cm ; :
Dr. JOHN H. McADEN,
IVliolosalo and Retail Druggist,
( If AULOTTE, N. C,
:, l)isn hand a larire and well selected stock of PURE
(IS, (. lieinic als, l'ateni iiedicinps, rainny
Meilieiix's, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Dye Stuffs,
r aney ano ione.1 ivnieies, wuiu uu i utiuunnw
sell at the very lowest prices.
Jan 1, 1ST").
J. P. McCombs, M. D.,
;r. rs his professional s;rviees to the citizens of
h.ii lotle and surrounding omntry. All calls, both
,5 .-lit :ind ihiv. ni'onmllv attended to.
otliee in Itrown's buihliug, up stairs, opposite the
liarlotie J Ion I.
.Ian. 1, lH7:i.
DR. J. M. MILLER,
Charlotte, N. C.
All calls promptly answered day and night
Ollk-e over Traders' National Bank Residence
opposite V. R Mvers'.
Jan. 18, 1878.
DR. M. A. BLAND,
Dentist,
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
OfHccs in Brown's building, opposite Charlotte
Hotel.
(ias used for the painless extraction of teeth.
Feb. 15, 1878. j
Doctor D. STUART LYON,
Charlotte, N. C.
Ofkk k : Corner Trade and Poplar Streets (Of
fice of the late Dr. C. J. Fox ) Residence with
Rev. Theo. Whitfield, D. D.
Calls from City and country will receive prompt
attention.
Nov. 1, 1878. fim. - .
T. M. PITTMAN,
Attorney at Law,
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
Prompt attention to all professional business.'
Practices in the State and Federal Courts. Collec
tions w ill receive bis personal attention.
Refers by permission to Commercial National
Hank, Charlotte, N. C.
ZQ" Office over Dr. Smith's Drug Store.
Sept. Ill, 1878 Gin
Watches, Clocks and Jewelry.
E . J. "all en;
Near Irwin's comer, Trade Street,
. ;haiilotTE, N. CL, ; : !
PRACTICAL WATCH-MAKER,
f?" Repairing of Jewelry, Watches and Cl(x;k
done at short notice and moderate prices.
April 17, 1876. y
D . M. RIGLER,
Charlotte, N. C.
Dealer in Confectioneries, Fruits, Canned Goods,
Crackers, Bread, Cakes, Pickles, &c.
tW Cakes baked to order at short notice.
Jan. 1, 1877.
B. N. SMITH,
Dealer in Groceries and .Family Provisions of all
sorts,
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
Ci.iisignmcnts of Produce solicited, and prompt
returns made, ' , . ; . ,- if ) ? ' ,;-I
Families can find anything' at my Store in the
Grocery line to cat, including fresh meats; '
Jan. 1, 1877. "
CENTRAL HOTEL,
Charlotte, N. C,
Located on one Corner of the Public Square. Re
cent internal improvements have been made for
accommodation of guests, , ,,
11 $2.50 and 2 per day, according to lo
cation of Rooms.
II. C. ECCLES.
Jtilv 5, 1878. tf . t Proprietor.
LEWIN W BARRINGETVi
Son of the late Hon. D. M. Barringer of N. C.,)
Attorney and Counsellor at'Law.
4:ii Walnut Strekt, '-, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Prompt attention to all leiral bnsiness. :Best
references given as to legal and financial responsi
bility. Commissioner fyr North Carolina. . -
Rkfkrenoes. -Chief Justice W. N. II? Smith ;
Raleigh National Hank; 1st NatfonaP Bank, Char
lotte; Merchants and Farmers National Bank.
March 15, 1878 ly-pd
- - -M4-V hi 4fO)
J. MCLAUGHLIN & CO. 1
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
Groceries, Provisions, &c,
Comege 'Stbeeivi jj.iJ Chaulotte,-Ni C,
Sells Orooji ries at .loyFe4t"!rates for Cash,1
and buys Country Produce at
, , , ..highest ntw price, j
dott(,n and other5 country Troddce sold on
commission and prompt returns made.
AUCTION HOUSE. 7
1. U. . MAXWELL. C. yrilAlUlISOK.
'A
MAXWELL & IIARRISjDX, ',
Auotion and ' Com'misloH 1 Mercaant
Buy mid sell on consignment all kiixlsflf Merchan
dise and Country Produqc. Will , give, strict, per-j
sonal attention to all business entrusted to our care.
tW Fonr doors above'Charlotte Tlotel. - l ;
Nov. 8, 1878 tf
' PFEtT8 of Publicity Suicide.
lie 'PirtlaJelfU.Ta "Melical and Surica
RpoMer states that an' Italian Medical So
ftefy which 'meets atr Pisa, recently 'nt a
rt''jm?t ' W the : Va'rioA Italian papers to
cease rcuortiiiff suicides, statin that after
Careful ' ttody of the " snlyect thy had
nachvil the eonctusiori'ihat such 'publicity
tefidrf," nt, 'least In 'Italy,' materially to iiz
eteHKe the number' of those who destroy
themselves. The motive is noinetitnes lm
tat ion: sornetfrae a 'morb d thirst tor no
toriety!1 ' ' 1 ' ' : 1 '
J "7: Mortgagees-Sale.
Pursuant to a Mortgage made to the undersigned
bv Jam s Night and Rtiodv Night his wife, on the
15th of January, 1878, and registered in Book 20,
page 157, we wilfserr arpttbhc auction for cash, at
the Court House in Charlowe, imi Thursday the27th
day of February, 1870, a HOLSE and LO 1 m the
City of Charlotte, situated in Ward No. 2, fronting
40 leet on Second Street and running back 70 feet,
adjoining Armstead Ma3'o and others, being the
l ite residence ot J im JN lurht and conveveu to lnra
by Frank Alexander.
F. S. DeWOLFE,
J. R. HOLLAND,
Jan. 24, 1879 5w - " Mortgagees,
NOTICE.
By virtue of a Mortgage executed to Sawyer,
Wallaces Co. ny J. ti. Steubouse. bearing date
August 28th, 1876, for a Tract of LAND Ivincr in
Mecklenburg county, near Davidson College, con
taining about 208 Acres, the undersisrued will sell
on Saturday the 22d of February, 1879, the said
Tract of. Land at the Court House door in Charlotte,
N. C, far the purpose of satisfying the debts due
under said Mortgage. Terms, Cash.
; , ; SAWYER, WALLACE & CO.,
per Shipp & Bailey, Attorneys
Jan, 24, 1879 5vv
. , Dissolution.
S. S. PEG RAM has withdrawn from the firm
of PEG RAM & CO. All persons who owe the
late firm, prior to February 1st, 1879, must call and
settle with Pegram & Co.
We will continue the BOOT and SHOE busi
ness at the same stand as before, First National
Bank building, Charlotte, N. C.
PEGRAM & CO.
Feb. 7, 1879.
Attention Farmers!
Call at Kyle & Hammond's Hardware House and
examine their ' Dexter Corn Shellers" and "Feed
Cutters" the latest and. best out. Also, new style
adjustable Iron Foot Plow Stocks, a great improve
ment on those sold in this market last season.
We. have a heavy Stock of Steel Plows, Clevises,
Single Trees, Steel and Iron Harrow'Teeth, Heel
Screws, Grass Rods, &c, which we can and will
sell to the Farmers at prices lower than they can
possibty afford to mnke them.
Nov. 1,1878. KYLE & HAMMOND.
A REQUEST!
An Earnest Appeal!!
To those who are indebted to us by Note or Ac
count to come up and settle at once. We have
been very indulgent to . our friends who are behind
in their payments, and as "short settlements make
long friends," we are compelled now to make this
earnest appeal to all who owe us to come, up and
pay tip. it it is impossible lor you to pay all, don t
stay away on that account, but come and see us
and we may be able to arrange the matter satisfac-
luiy. xjuu i mici ims is uic iiisi ui iiauuaiy, ioiv.
BARRINGER & TROTTER.
Jan. 3, 1879.
Plows! Plows!!
;.Tb. celebrated OUveriChUled PlovriClbS Gale
Plow ; the Meihle Plow : the Tate Plow (reversible).
for hillside and for subsoiliug. A large stock of
Steel Plows.
Hege's Feed Cutters.
I expect to keep a full stcck of Agricultural Im
plements.
My stock of rlows cannot be beaten by any one.
I have the best in the world, and will sell them at
ow prices. Call and examine them before pur
chasing elsewhere. '
WALTER BRUM, Agent.
Jan. 3, 1879.
Shuttles and Needles.
Now is. ybur Ttime tot ;tov'the genuine Stewart
Singer Sewing Machine, with all the attachments
complete, for $30.
Shuttles, Needles, Oil. etc., for all kinds of Ma
chines for sale.
Old Machines repaired or exchanged.
Address BRADSHAW & CO.,
General Agents, Charlotte, N. C.
Sept. 27, 1878.
A. A. GASTON,
DEALER IN
Stoves, Tin-Ware
And 0 House Furnishing , Goods,
A CHARLOTTE, N. C.
He keeps the largest stock of Stoves and Tin
Ware ever offered in this market. $100 reward
will be paid to any party that ever sold a larger or
heavier Stove than the "Barley Sheaf." I have sold
the "Barley Sheaf " for eleven years.
Call at my Store under Central Hotel building,
and examine my ..stock.
Tin and Sheet-Iron1 Ware manufactured to
order, and all Repairing promptly executed.
A." A. GASTON.
' Feb. 1,1878:- '' 8 ' '
E. J.i, HALBi & SON.
PnblishcrSvBookseilers & Stationers,
17 Murray Street,' Next York,
Invite orders: for Books of their own publication ;
and for all other School, Miscellaneous and Stan
dard Books, and for al! kinds of Staple Stationery.
Writing Papers Cap, Letter, Note and other sires.
Blank Books, of all grades. ' Envelopes, of all sizes
and colors and qualities. ''' School Slates, best quali
ty, all sizes. Slate and Lead Pencils, Pens, Inks,
Mucilage, &c., &c , .
Those who" favor us with' their orders, by mail or
in person, may rely upon having them filled prompt
ly, and at prices which we believe to be quite as
low as can be had in this market.
.TQ?RCft&iALE & SON,
Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers,
March 2d, i878. ) 17 Murray St., New Y'ork.
- tit I
Window Glass and Paints.
Kf)0 BOXES LASS, all sizes
at prices lower than have been, known in
this city for the past ten years, .
A Full stock of all kinds of PAINTS and OILS.
For sale by
"Oct. 11, 1878. r J. II. McADEN.
Cream Cheese.
100 Boxes selected Cream Cheese on Consignment
and must be closed out, at :
Jan. 31,1879. R. M. MILLER & SONS'.
The Good Old Times. .
A table of wages and the. cosl.oi Hying,
with the price of staple articles t of com
merce, going tack as far as the . year 120$
has been published lately. It show? thai"
wages during the thirteenth century were
about 50 cents a week. In the. next cen
tury they, advanced souie 15 cents, and con
tinued to advance slowly until, in- ihe las
century, ,they had reached, rl 1 . S7. Thg
average. for farm labor at present in, ,'soaiJ
of the Northern and jVyetern States is
a
" Xp w wheat is
worth, wholesale, about $1.46 a 'bushel, or
two and a half days' labor. ' In six centu
ries meat has nearly trebled in price ; but
wages have increased 'more tban.se ven-fold
Thus it will be perceived that the improve
ment in pay lor labor, while it may better
the laborer's condition, does not tend to in
crease his contentment. Subsistence is
surely easier than of old, though the laborer
is not satisfied to live as his ancestors lived.
It is with him as it is with all of us his
desires have augmented more rapidly than
the means to gratify them. Our wants are
innumerable, and, to a large extent, artifi
cial. Luxuries, as they were once consid
ered, have srrown to be necessities. We
think sometimes that we can dispense with
necessities, but, luxuries are essential not
only to our contentment, but to any tolera
ble degree of well being. N. Y. Times.
Comparative Wealth.
Now that serious labor fe financial troubles
assail Great Britain, comparisons are being
made between the wealth of that country
and France, and it is found that the latter
is much the richer of the two. In ' France
the real and personal property is estimated
at $43,110,000,000, and public property
$3,000,000,000 total $46,1 10,000,000. The
same values in England, Scotland and Ire
land are $42,500,000,000. The highways
in Fiance are valued at $1,525,000,000.
These are not included in the estimate of
Great Britain,' which country has about
$200,000,000,000 less wealth than France.
The real property in Fiance greatly ex
ceeds that in England, while in the latter
the personal property prevails over that m
France. The increase of wealth in France
during the last ten years has been $7,500,
000,000, or at the rate of $750,000,000 a
year. At this rate of increase the German
indemnity of $1,000,000,000, enormous as it
was regarded, was overcome by the savings
of sixteen months.
1 1 1 1 -
Beer and Wine-Drinking. It has
been claimed that beer and wine drinking,
in European countries, are preventives ot
drunkenness. The following, from the
Katholische Wochenblatt for Schlesien,
may throw some light upon this matter.
It says: "The 8,886 whiskey distilleries of
Prussia use up the whole potato yield of
the kingdom every fonr years, and every
twelve years the whole yield of rye. In
1870 they paid tne Government more than
13,000,000 marks of whiskey tax, and fur
nished nine quarts of whiskey , for every
inhabitant. Abont 10,000 pel sons die an
nually, in the, whole of Germany of de
lirium tremens." ; - - ,ii v l
At a temperance celebration in New
market a little lad . appeared in the proces
sion bearing a flag on which was inscribed,
Airs right when daddy's sober." ;;
Seed Potatoes.
200 BARRELLS choice Northern . Seed Po
XJJ tatoes, Goodrich, Peerless and Early Rose,
specially for planting, at . ' i t
Jan. 81, 1879. R. M. MILLER & bONS'.
The Etiwan Acid Phosphate,
For money or Cotton, at
BTJRWELL & SPRINGS'.
Jan. 31,1879. , ,
Just Received at ,!
TIDD Y'S BOOK , STORE.
Knights' Popular - History!, of ; England, 8 . vol
umes, $10. . . j f ),..
t roude s History of England, 12 volumes, $ 15.
Aunt Charlotte's Story of English, French and
Greek History.
The Family Library of British Toetry, $ 00.
Glenalban and other poems by Annie. Y. Duffy,
$1.50. , . .
Tbe Angel in tire Cloud, by E.'W; Fuller,- $ 1.50,
The Vision of Ecbard, by J. G. Whittier, $1.25.
Resumption and tbe Silver Question ; a hand
book for the times, for sale by
Jan. 31, 1879. . T1DDY & BKO.
Jffogs, Beeves and ' Sheep. ,
I have fat Tennessee ! Hags for;sale, either at
wholesale or, retail. . , . , ,
I also buy fat Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, paying the
highest market price. ; ( I . .,.; j
j. - yv. alaw., ,
City Butcher.
Charlotte, Jan. 24, 1879.
1879. ..... .? , .r, ,1879.
BURWELL r& . SBINGS, ;
Grocers and Provision Dealers,
Have always an stock Coffee,' Sugar,' Molasses!
Svruns. Mackerel. Soans. Starch. Meat ' Lard. Hams.
Flour, Grass Seeds, Plows, &c., which we offer to
both toe Wholesale ard Retail trade.' All are in
vited to, try us : from, the smallest tq, the .largest
ouyers.
Jan. 17, 1879. p .
; HARDWARE 1
. . - ... , -t . . '. . . . f
We are now receiving the most extensive stock
of HARDWARE purchased "by apy one house in
the State, and are prepared to offer WHOLESALE
BUYrERS greater inducements to buy in this market
than ever offered before Merchants will find our
Stock the most complete and pur prices the, lowest
Nov. 1, 1878. .. KYLE j& HAM M OND.
WILSON & BUR WELL,
' 'Wholesale axd Retail 1
, ; VDroggists.-;: ;
Trade Street, Ciiablottb, N. C.h
August 16, 1878.
Ii!-t
'ao-acl hi .the lastT General' Assembly
of MdrVlaiid. approved' April 5, 1878.11 was
fna.le obligatory on any. person set ling or
wucmijj io seu fiiif arnuie or suosiance in
semblance of bmter or cheese.hot the leariti-
mate nrodtict of 'the dairv. and not'taadd
'exclusively of milt 'or cream, bat into which
uiurs as a uumpuueui P,arr t-nereoi, 10
ct prd
the seller shall
deliver' 'with' - each, article a
the act .'' This stringent law has prevented
the. introduction "of oleomargarine biltter
into our markets, none being at least specifi
cally sold under that title. It sold at all it
must, therefore, be sold surreptitiously and
with a full knowledge of the risk incurred.
Elsewhere, in other States of the Union and
in foreign countries, this artificial butter
finds a sale limited in the first case, large
in the last. Yet the manufacture flourishes.
It is reported, on what appears to be good
authority, that in the United States two mil
lions of dollars have been invested in the
business, the largest factories for the manu
facture ot this artificial butter being in New
York and Philadelphia. ()The New York
company sold, it is said, in one large con
tract, in. 1876-7, no less than 3,295,000
pounds, and in another contract, in 1877, no
less than 1,000,000 pounds of oleomargarine
butter, j Up to the end of February last, ac
cording to Dr. Mott, it had reduced no less
than 8,000,000 pounds of animal fat to but
ter, which, allowing, as estimated, one-sixth
of the weight of the crude material for loss
in manufacture, would leave over six and a
half millions of pounds of this artificial but
ter to be disposed , of either for domestic
consumption or for export. The great bulk
of the demand has been thus far for ship
ment to foreign countries. This new com
mercial product, though highly approved
by experts abroad, and regarded as a valua
ble adjunct to the food supplies, has never
attained to any large" sale with us. Else
where it is otherwise. In France it is said
to be'in general use, nearly all the hospital
using it. ' In Austria one factory manufac
tures two hundred tons annually, chiefly for
export, and there are also oleomargarine fac
tories in many parts of Germany. W heth r
the quality of this product be good or bad,
whether it be, as alleged, quite as nutritious
as real butter, there, appears to be almost
everywhere a popular prejudice against it
when it is effered for sale as oleomargarine.
Abroad, where it is put up in firkins and
sold as genuine butter, it finds many cus
tomers. There is no law there making a
distinction between the real and the spurious
article, and the very fact that many of the
factories profess to be large exporters of
their product is proof that it is difficult to
force its sale for domestic consumption in
the vicinage. Laws like that of Maryland,
making it a misdemeanor to sell eleomar-
garine for other than it really is, would have
a marked effect in restricting its consump
tion, even though all the analytical chemists
should declare, as some ot them now do,
that it contains all the constituents of gen
uine butjter, and is better than much of it.
Baltimore Sun.
A Great Preacher's Poverty.
Jonathan Edwards, by general consent,
holds the first place among the original
thinkers of America. Mr Parton, who has
no sympathy with his religious views, says
of him, "Upon every person reared since his
day in New England, he has made a dis
cernible impression, and he influences to
this hour millions who never heard his
name."
Bnt this great preacher fought a hard
battle with penury in his last years, and
Was often sorely perplexed to find food for
his large family. Dismissed from the
Church in Northampton, Mass., over which
he had been pastor for a quarter of a cen
tury, he removed to Stockbridge to labor
among the Indians. Me was obliged to
support his family often children on a mere
pittance: In this seclusion he wrote his
treatise on the "Freedom of the Will,"
which is regarded as a masterpiece in theo
logical literature. So great was his pover
ty at this time, th&t the treatise was writ
ten largely on the backs of letters and the
blank pages of pamphlets, as letter-paper
was beyond his means to purchase. His
daughters, who were all young women ol
superior mental powers, made lace and
painted fans for the Boston market, that
they might add something to the family re
sources. Youth's Companion.
am
Why" People so Crazy.
, f At, the instance of the New Jersey State
Board of; Health a leading physician ol
Newark. has; been making an investigation
into the causes of disease among hatters,
the result pi which is to ;be submitted to
the Legislature, which meets in Trenton in
January. He finds that much injury to
health, is caused by the use of poisonous
tuff used in hatting, which is composed of
nitric acid and quicksilver, and because of
its resemblance in color to the vegetable of
that name is called in the trade carrot. It
is stated .that the poison affects the brain,
driving men almost to idiocy, and that it
wastes the muscles, enters the pores of the
akin, and causes injurious eruptions. Scien
tists have long been endeavoring to find a
substitute for carrot,. but thus far withont
avail. This same, poison also affects those
who wear the hats. This is a new theory
for increasing insanity, noticeable in many
cities, ; f , ,-: .
SSIT Judge Nelson, of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
said to a lawyer, the other day, who was
talking about a lady, "Better call her a
woman; God made woman, but a lady is
only a modern fixture in a fine dress."
: Artificial tlutteiuf
Jtamp, "bVand r ' ',oh btyj,dbs,-'box,
nrkl ffpr pakagethe word " Oleomargarine."
Jri'caseor retail sale'the' act provides that
ivritten or printed label bearing plainly the
word Oleomargarine, under , the "penalty
of one Hundred dollars for each violation of
j . : ' y rr. . m : : 1
ii i-i Mystenr, of .Africa, fi!E
o ' From Harper's Ytiekfy.i; -J i
'Mr 'Stanley's suecessfal 'erploratKm of
the great African1 river has revealed almost
the last secret of the mystery of ages. It
Id dn!y;withiri the 'FastT twenty-'years that
civilized "hatiohs 1 haVe 5 beea' 1 able to form
any!ele'fitinbtion-:bf the raterior of the vast
continent of the1 black races-- Nb! one knew
whence came tbe-'rWera that on" either ; side
made their rway to the' Atlantic, tb Medi
terranean and the Indian Ocean : no civil
ized eye had rested upon the1 lofty ' peaks of
the tabfeland In whose bosom lie the deep
Chasms that' hive" held the' African Makes
hidden to all the past: The sources of the
Nile, the' growth of Egypt, its' off spring,
and the earliest scene of : mental ' progress.
the annual overflow, the boundless fertility1
that follows it,' had touched the Curiosity ot
ancient travellers. The question was de
bated at Rome and Athens whence came
these wonderful waters. It was decided
almost with correctness. Strabo. in the
age of Virgil, points out the annual rains of
the interior as the cause of the overflow,
and hints at the existence of the African
table-land. But the tnggestion was lost or
neglected. The Nile was the mystery of
the Middle Ages. Home, Uarihag, even
the Arabs, seem to have known nothing of
the immense population that existed beyond
the desert, the vast lakes shut in on all
sides but one bv a frowning barrier of
mountains, the misrhtv streams that brokr
from the everlasting hills, the Congo sweep
ing through forest and iuhjrle thousands nf
miles to the Allan tTc7l he White Nile car
rying the waters of the Victoria Nyanza to
the port of Alexandria, or even the rivers
that fall into the Indian Ocean.
The Nile was tbe first pathway of the
discoverers, but failed to lead to any clear
knowledge of the interior. Nearly fifteen
hundred miles from its mouth is Khaitoom,
where the river divides into two affluents
that come from the heart of the continent-
one is the White Nile, the other the Blue.
The Blue is a bright, clear, rapid stream
leading into AbysMnia. At Khartooni it
ha 'a swift, brilliant flow. It seems the
real continuation of the Nile ; and Bruce in
the last century passed up its (ertile valley,
discovered Lake Dembea at its source, and
fancied he had reached the famous spring
head ol the Egyptian river. He claimed to
be the discoverer of the sources of the Nile,
and was mistaken. But the White Nile,
the other branch, was long neglected. It is
a slow, hluggish stream, hidden at its mouth
by an island, its depth and volume scarcely
to be discerned until one embarks upon its
waters. Bruce neglected it. It was not
until 1827 that a French traveller, M. Lin-
ant, visited it, explored its shores tor some
hundred miles, and bi ought it to the notice
of the Egyptians. From that time it grew
rapidly to be a great pathway lor the tral-
fic in slaves, ivory ; its shores were found
to be populous and prosperous; the Egyp
tian traders covered, ravaged them with
the horrors of the slave-trade, and fixed its
seat at Gondokoro. Here the exploration
of the White Nile ceased. No one was
able to pass far onward to the vast hills of
Africa, its unrivalled lakes; and four hun
dred miles from Victoria Nyanza the pro
gress of discovery was checked. So short
was the distance that separated modern
curiosity from the revelation of the geo
graphical mystery, yet its hopes seemed
vain ; the wilds, the savages, the cruelty of
the Turks, the fierce hatred of the natives,
had apparently shut the gates of the in
terior to European science.
From the discoveries of Stanley, Spike,
Livingstone, Schweinfurth and Burton, it
appears that in the heart of the continent
an immense group of mountains; elevated
plains, walls of rock inclosing inland seas
a country where the heavy annual rains fill
all the soil with water, all the chasms in the
rocks with lakes compose a singular ter
ritory, the chief source of the fertility of
Africa. It is a mysterious, unknown1 land,
that had escaped for ages the scrutiny of
civilization, and even a few years ago was
never dreamed of by geographer or poet.
Its people are black, savage, ignorant, yet
formed into despotic monarchies not unlike
that of Louis XIV or Napoleon, at least in
degree. The Emperor of Uganda is ' the
State, the law; his nobility his, cooks and
barbers ; they grovel on the ground before
him, whine, make strange noises. He cut
off his subjects1 heads for pastime enforced
upon them all an attention to 'dress, form,
obedience, ceremonial, that strongly recalls
the usages of Versailles. ' His thousands of
wives lived in comparative splendor; but
the carrion crows hovered perpetually
around the palace of the King, never disap
pointed of. their prey; an execution' took
place every day. Schweinfurth ha a still
more remarkable picture 61 an African
prince. , It is a can nil, the lord of many
lands, who leeds . each day on human , food.
He hasi immense palaces of wood, lofty
halls. He sometimes dances in the nadst
of his wives andcOurtiers alone. On hi
bead is the skin of a black baboon, oyer it a
plume of feathers ; he was adorned with the
claws and tails of animals and danced with
furious getures for hours., , lie was tall,
slightly formed, yet powerful, we , are told;
of immense strength, with a European nose,
but, as one might suppose, no pleasing ex
pression. .One. who feeds ,on human , flesh
could hardly look candid, and complacent,
however sincere But the most remarka
ble trait of this singular region is that it
should fo long have remained unknown
and unexplored. , About thirty years , ago
the report of two Protestant missionaries
(1849) opened a new path to the heart , of
Africa. They , bad settled on the coast
near Zanzibar, and .made their way into tbe
interior. . They brought back a report of
high table-lands, of mountains covered with
snow, of vast lakes ; and to Messrs Reb
mann and Krapf we owe . the first step in
the discovery of the mystery of the conti
nent. The attempt to reach the sources of
i :"' 1 u : i fire rr-1
the Nile fronij.Gontwrjjwas, apparently
abandoned ; all future travellers would
start from the easlerii Coast, ah,d follow the
path so natural, yet so long coucealedj ft
is difficult to seeV noi$ thatXthe way is
pointed Cut, why nd- European-) had before
attempted to ascend the slowly Ttsibg coun
try from. the coast, why .the,, Portugese had
never explored H, or the, Arabs, .tko -Egyptians,
and Abyssiniana, j-jW-hen roncethe
discovery-iQf the, missionaries. had een
made public, the great Jakes, and mountains
of Africa filled the. f anqyi;of . the; Ad ventur
ous ; the hero si of travel turned their
attention to the new problem; it was soon
solved. , j fnf, .. , .M1li ; . , ,v
In. 185759 Burton and Speke made their
way from; Zanzibar! to T the -rUnog-i land.
Barton fell.ill ; . Speke went . on alone, and
reached the - shores- j pf an ; immense .inland
sea, said to be lour hundred miles in length
it is really two hundred the Victoria
Nyanza. He had found the source; of the
Nile, for from this great .ravine or cleft in
the rock flows down the sluggish waters of
the White Nile, to mingle at Khartoom
with the - father of rivers. He had reached
a point about five hundred miles above
Gondokoro when he was iorced to ? return.
Once more, in 1860, Speke set out with his
friend Capt Grant from Zanzibar , to com
plete his discoveries, and tprove, what he
had already, fancied, that he bad solved the
problem of ages.t-lt was a difficult but not
unprecedented joumev, not so remarkable
as Stanley's, not. so painful as an arctic
voyage. , llie two friends reached Ivazeh
in October,' 1861, plunged, iuto the wilder-
ness, ana were lost ; to,: sight. . u Xhet. re
mained hidden for more than a year.-'- No
civilized eye watched them as they slowly
made their way through lobbers, savages,
disease, impending death, , the , native ty
rants, the horrors of the waste; no friendly
hand was near, except among the ' natives.
But here they were evidently disappointed
or overjoyed to find that men have human
hearts even in the wilds of Africa. On the
fair uplands ofKaiagwe they met with a
liberal King, a fine country, hills covered
with cattle, a delightful region sloping
down to the lake. The next Kiug. ihev
met with was Mtesa of Uganda; it was at
his court n the upper shore of the Victoria
Nyanza that they saw the refinements of
African courtesy, the peculiar: parody on
the despotisms of Asia and Europe. Mtesa,
King ol the lakes, had made all his people
neat in their dress of bark cloth, their robes
of antelope skin ; ithey were quick and live
ly in their movements, at the peril of their
lives. They grovelled on the earth, whined
like happy dogs when their.master awarded
them a present or a whipping. Mtesa was
a young man of twenty-five. He was fond
of yachting, sport, and even used, we are
told, a handkerchief was ; very neat.
Speke became his friend, and, unlike some
Americans at European Courts, refused to
grovel, whine, even 6tand in the sun before
the royal despot, and was excused. But
the most wonderful of all the objects they
saw in the new land was the magnificent
Nyanza, whence flows the broad current of
the Upper JN lie. The lake is. 3740 feet
above the level of the sea. It lies in, a vast
rift or ehasm several hundreds of miles long,
shut in by mountains. I Yet its sides are
low, marshy, covered with reeds, its : form
that of a boy's top, the sharp endu pointing
nearly directly Sontb. The climate is fine
and healthful, the views often soft and
graceful, sometimes awful grand ; the land
is fertile, andu busy population might some
day gather around this mighty lake. It is
only a lew hundred miles irom tne Indian
Ocean, and a railroad may at no distant pe
riod connect the head of the Nile with the
harbors of Zanzibar. . .
Soon Speke was anxious to press on to
the haunts of civilization, the bearer of ex
traordinary news. He passed, after a long
delay, down the fair waters of the White
Nile, left it to cross the country to Gondo
koro, and was met there with wild, joyfal sur
prise by Baker (1863.) ' His wonderful dis
covery filled the world with' curiosity and
delight ; : 'yet it should be j remembered t.o
their honor that it was the two modest mis
sionaries who first, saw "tb6 silver-crowned
summits" of the 1 heart '-of" Africa.5, Since
1863 the path tO Uganda has become famil-
? o fn P)ir!tiiii'anl ' Avail 4 Vi A Vie itA ni
the explorer; Livingstone,Stanley and Baker,
added to the progress of 'knowledge. The
chain of lakes was defined, 'the' table-lands
described ; '"the 1 sources of; the5 Nile 'are
as well known at last1 aS'thOsc of the
Hudson. I ) ' '. ' '
Yet one question remained, perhaps the
most important of all: , J)id any great river
flow lrora thjj ceptral lakers into the '.Atlan
tic ? ' .To decider It, Stanley "threw .'himself
mio.ine WiJuesi na-unis (oi ine negro, vue
unknown centre of the continent, sailed
down the mighty Congo,' discovered , an
other. Mississippi, gave it to t mankind. It
seems the last great achievement in explore
tion, There is nothing lefvfa. rival it.,. No
other river remains to be scpyered The
earth is( exhausted The' heroes" ol.travel
must sigh for new'.worlds of wonder. It. is
impossible, to say? what , may, be, the future
nistory or tnese . immense outlets pi ,iramc
arid travel, these mighty rivers .that nearly
meet iathe lakes of Middle Africa; ;'of the
fair and fertile region so recentfdisepvered,
so well suited to the wants of man.,1 Imagi-
Nile . converted intb scenes of fri&j. trade,
their banks lined with villages, their sources
joined by canals, their cities splendid,' their
people content, lev it ; is oououui ,j any
age can show 0 more 'perfect solution of a
great problem. One rejjrets ( that'. the nrys
tery of Africa exista no Mbrei,;. :",n-lf
Euoehs Lawbskcs.
1ST No matter how ffoodnatured a man
may be, he will invariably get' mad when
he discovers tbat thereis.no towel in iihe
room; and Is compelled ! to'dry' hW -face , on
the bed quilt.