Newspapers / Hornets’ Nest and True … / Dec. 14, 1850, edition 1 / Page 1
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. I' T "O a ndrT) T7 it-rc- art A Prftnn'otnr A FAMILY PAPER DEVOTED TO POLITICS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES; MINING, AND, MEWS:-;: -In Advance ' 1 . - .. ' 1 ' T. "IP WE W'OULD PKESERYE OUR GOVERNMENT, ! WE 7t!-n pnviiHY' r i .v 1 s f :i : ' " i ini kv 'ir iv 1 1 .si i .t. iv i: mum i iiif. ai-,i nrv cuui pfflMjEi Q : m&m-. mm:'--- mmmmm t - 1 cii 11 1 1 1 1 1 111 111 ft vi 1 11 1 11 !i h i x 1 h 1 b u 1 11 1 n 1 n 11 11 l it 'ii ill ! 1 1 , . 1 ; 1 11 , n : r 11 . i i -. v n l i ti ji i i t 1 1 t i u 1 - mi s . i . , i i i , u r r I - . I i :1 .P. I;'' . . ) CHARLOTTE, i N C. 1 i SATt7RIJffi vv;-n6.,22; c t j." . '.ii-rtTZCts 01 ine.oentur, , fUfVf the Uousc of Iiej.rcsnitiitiVfSj : 1 ;i; , t ! I 4 - .-- j. - ' I -ih" Mi.Wenlv c.i'.Ird, in the jnic'st of the Ia3l i .-- . " . . j. r .! i: .. ine IVovi.Icnee, to lhS respinsihle station which I jjwjlj-ld, 1 contented my yseif with such to re as tU: .exigency toinmu- l ie.irj.j.'is to the Jcgi jni'(it sf-emcd to of the T;nu ,1 re. fhe country was hr'uJ'Mi in mourning fofjthe loss of l$ venerated .'fi',I-r .Magistrate, and all hearts jwere penetrated vith griif. Neither the lime hor tlie occasion ap - iK'.ired to require or t justify, Ion my part, any 'auiJ'iu Ttrijt of tfie . j.ropmte, if ,1 ayiit myself.Mhis opp lrtumty of llieTC-nssemhliiig of congress la make krtown rny fn'i"V-n;s,' in -a general mnnnerj in regard to the illu-v which .ought to be pursued hy jthc .Govern- ! iiikff, 6ith ir its intercourse witlt, foreign nations, ' i. l in its .management and administration of in-1 t.lV..... . - 1v:iii,il ;tl;.urs. iN ition-N, like individuals in a! s!ate of nature, rv f.jiial and indejnd-'iif, possessing certain t ;li!.v!iii'J owing certain Iu:ies to ;ac!i other, ari- f'ng Ironi. thfir necessary and inavoidahle rela- ;' w lii-h rights and duties thj're if no comrmon iumr:u authority to protect and enforce ' Still Jiey are rights and duties, binding in morals, in. oiiW--nee, and in honor; although there is no tri inal "io w hich an injured . party can appeal but & m iU r tliin: rest d iudumrnt 'o 1 1 ankiiid. and ulti- lankly- ih'. sword, :jAmiug thj acknowfetlr; riu?its of nations is It if. Vt 1 1 1 -T i (kHi firt:rv. i.l esta!ilishiiir that form . ir-wrniiK'nt w hich it ln iv deeiii most conducive I "V "''o !i; h i;iViiiess nnd prosperity of its own, citizens yl', chin Clin-;, a i, chingiu tint form, as circumstances may ic- ind ol inniiagiiig its m'erual affairs accord- I v to'jrs oVn will. The ; people of the United -J t;-uts claim this riifltf for i thetiiselves. and thev i;adily conrt'd: it to orhers.! Ht'ticeit becomes an i:ipi-r;iti e duty not to interfere in the government it i"ut ri.al policy of other nations; and,! although wo miv svmpathiz:' u ith .the unfortunate or tle .: pressed, ewry h'-re, iti their struggles for free- ! uo:n, mir priucipit-s ioroiu: u -,irom taking any part in such foreign contests. ) e make no wars ! promote or to prevent successions to thrones; tj n.a iain any theory of a balance of power: or to m:pr-.ss the. actual governmentwhich any country -thoost-s to establish for itselfJ AVe instigate n) revolutions, nor suffer any hostile military ex pedi- the territory or provinces ofa friendly nation. The r':it law of morality ought to have a national, as jj'41 as a ersonatand individual, application. We fhwuW act towards other nations as wcwish them i act towards u: and justice and boiiFcience sbould Yriirtho Vule of conduct between governnaenrs.in-; j iti 'al4t' tivre powersel-interest, or the desire of ; t tisrtjuidizeinrnt. To mai.itain n strict neutrality j ; ill ltreit:ti ars, to cultivate friendly relations," to i . oe;pXlcatc every, noble and generous act, ana o y frl'ofin, pur.ifally and scrupulously, every treaty i.lldnratioii these .are the duties! which . we owe to Lilier ?aes.' and uv the performance of which We j like treatment from them; ; . i i lst entitle ourselves to like ; t il that, ih any case be refusejJ,.we can enforce Lir o ii rights with justice and -a clear conscience. J In Ur fotnestic policy t- die cbnstitution .will be ,t!iy t'uide; and in questions fof doubt, I shall look '..r its interpretation ta the judicial decisions of that lii'.iunl, which was established to expound it, anfl lh: usage of the" GoverrimcntjanCtioned by the jec piicscence of the country. Ij regard all its pro-t-itin:? as equally binding, j In all its. parts it is 'jtlnill of the people, expressed in the, mbst sol V tun form, anil the conrtitited authorities, are but . liigetit 3 to carry that w ill into effect: "Lvery power ' w hich it has granted is "tOle jpu'ilic good ; but no prctende o ;etiricti n, even of what might c.yercticd for the J " utility, no honest 1 be expedient"; can i jii-tifv the assumption of any power not granted. , ft ' 1 7. -I JThe powers couferrctl upon thei Govcrnmeut and ji'i 'ir ifi.s:ri!u:ion to the several' departments; .are j.iV clearly" expressed in that sacred instrument as jtjie imp.;rlection of huntan ilaiigu'ae will allow ; lii d I deem it my first duty, ict to question its iv.isdorn, add to. its provisions, evade its require- i:ie:"s, or nullify its command. ,'l.pon voir, fellow citizens,' ni the fcprcsentativcs I nf the States and the people, is wisely, devolved j !n.ri-in? ive power. I shall comply with my I.ll, III IMilU OeiOIC 1UU, ...V . . ot-political -opmrjns,. or any-Twj tr nciTi0i ,niut iUU nrjncinler'WiTould' gqv'l Iv b resist such laws astlevTijriiaja! ,n!i.rma,on calculated tor enable you to discharge , fcc aaoptedlt will consequently be mv endedvor .iiruigh and responsible trust,- for the benefit of, fo cause. any further negotiatiorrsj on rtnrpai c m c-iir coinnion constituents. .1 j his Government, which may be requisite for this .(.My opiriions will bo frankly expressed upon the ; nirpose. to be. so conducted as to bring them to, a iVad i ug subjects of legislation; an J if,. which I do peedy and succ'essfnl close, itit anticipate, 'any act should pass the t.vd Houses Some unavoidable delay has occurred, arising Congress w hich should appear to me UTKonsti- from distance and the difficulty of; intercouse be tutional, or an encroachment, on the" just powers tween this Government and that of Nicaragua, of other department", or wittV provisions hastily Ibut, as intelligence has just Jjeen received of tjie aupieu, ana likely to produce consequetircs inju- riiius and unforeseen, 1 should not shrinkarorn the datv of rcturnmi: ii to vou, with mv reasons, for your further consideration, j Beyond the due per- j ;iirir.:mco ot these constitutional obligation?, both j niv resiect lor the ' legislature and Tuv sense of ; propriety wilrrestrain me Irom any ;oitrol or tiitluence your proceedings. attempt to With vou is the pver, tlje honor, and the responsibility of "ll legislation of the country. i "j The (Jovernnicnt of ihe-.l hited States is a limi-1 tin ooviTumciit. it is connnea io ine exercise oi ' fevers expressly granted, and suOjh others as may h necessary' for carrying those pqwers into effect? fxiid if is at all times ait especial jduty to guard , itg iiust nay infruigement on the just rights of the Spates. Qver the'objeets and subjects intrusted to ' C'ongress. its legislative authority is supreme. But ,3iere; that authority ceases, and cv'err ritraen w ho raly loves the constiiution, and desires the con- tiaurincCj of its existence anuks blessings, willrc--psolutely and firmly resist any iuteirlerence in those ilomstic affairs which the constitution has clear ji)y and unequivocally left to the exclusive authori 1 iv of the States. And'every sucty citizen wi'!' al- W deprecate useless irritation i amons the several 1 1 members of the Unin. and all reproach and crim- nation tending to alienate one portion of the coum try from anotlier. The beauty of our system of Jovern'ment consists, and its safety and durabil ity must consist, "in avoiding mu ual collisions and jcncroaclmtcnts and in the regular separate action tath is rcvolirrnir in its own distinct , duty of the rVi'nstitntion &as min ff fliA 1 I'n siileiit to take aarc that the laws be laithfully j .crutcd. . In a Govcrnnient like ours, in which nxt nass(Hl .v n maioritv nfllm rpnnn. i 1 j -- - i ta fives of the people.'nnd these representatfies are ; f - i t . .... e!ioc of oh iocn Jot sucli snort penous, tiiat anv injurious froxious law can very soon be repealed, it j would appear unlikely that - anv jrreal numbers j should be found ready to resist the execution of the laws. But it must be borne in mind that the i ountry is cxtertsite", that thcrvvinay be loc j terests or prejiidicet' rendering aTlaw odious i 1 part, which is not so' in another, and 'ha in one fhat the Jhoui;hlIess Tn tp""'ir.n.tp. thoj ftns. is trampled underfoot, tyranny' rules, whether it 4ppears in the form of a n.iiitar)- despotism or of popular violence. The law is the only sure pro tection of the w eak, and the only efficient restraint upon the strong. Whoii impartially and aithful-.: iv administered, none is beneath" its protection,. 1nd tionc above i:s control. 1 ou, gentlemen, and t'ic. country may Vn assured",' that to the utmost of ny ability, and to tie extent of the power vested i i me,'I shall at all times, and in all places, take f qare that the laws be faithfully executed ' iff . tho discharge, of this duly, solemnly imposed upon j ifie by the con'stitution, and by my oath of office, I! shall shrink from no responsibility, and shall en ; iltavor to meet events aaf tfiCv may arise, with firmness, as well as with prudence and discretion. j 1'he appointing power is one of the -mast deli cate with which the Executive is invested. I re gard it as a sacred .trust, to be exercised with the sole view of advancing the prosperity and happi ness of the people, ft shall be my. effort to ele- dntr ftr' etnr'ilri rri nf rIVirt:i I mvi rl-i-iirrif lir co. i M eting for places of importance individuals fitted ior me posts to wmcn mcy-are assigneu, uy meir Known lniegriiy, talents, ana virtues, m so ex tensive a country,-w ith so great a population, and here a few persons 'appointed to office Jean be mistakes will known to the appointing power, sometimes unavoidably happen, ami unfortunate appointments be made, notwithstanding the grea-ti-st cafe. Iri strclr cases, the power of' removal tnay be properly exercised: and neglect of duty or mal leafairce rn ohice will he no more tolerated m individual5 appointed by myself than in tlrose ap pointed by others .J j J am Ii'ippyjri being able to say that no uhfavor able change in our foreign relations has taken place sr. ice the message at the opening of the last sesion of congress. We are at peace with all nations, and ti n rnninnr1 peace, in a prosperous and growing commerce, :uid in all the form's 'of' amieable national inter course. The unexampled growth of the country, the present amount of its population, ami its am ple means" of self-protection, assure for it the res peet of all nations ; while it is trusted that its char acter for justice, and a regard to the'rightsof other plates, w ill cause that respect to bc! readily and qheerfully paid. ' A convention was negotiated between the Uni ted States and Great Britain, in April last, for fa cilitating and protecting the construction of a ship cja an J. anal between the Atlantic and Pacini Oceans, nd for .other purposes. This instrument has since been ratified by the contracting parties, the exchansre of ratifications has been effected, and proclamation thereof has been duly madeV In addition to the stipulations contained ih this convention, two other objects remain to be: accom plished between the contracting powers.. - Frst, the designation and establishment of a free port at each end of the canal. , j Second, an agreement fixing the distance from tile shore within which belligerent m'aritimw opera tions shall notbe carried on. On these points there is little doubt that the twot governments .will come to an understanding. j Theicompany o citizens of the United States who have acquired from the State, of Nicaragua the privilege of constructing a ship canal, between jj a o j. tha two oceans, through the territory of that State, lave made progress m tneir preliminary arrange- tnents. . J he reaty between tne United fctatcs and Great Britain, of the 19th of A'prif last. above re- erred to, being now in operatiou, it is to be hoped hat the guaranties which it offers "will be sufficient o secure the completion of the work with1 all prac icablc expedition: . It is cTjivious. that , thfs" Ycsult would be indefinitely postponed, if any other than leaceful measures, for the purposd, of harmonizing l -l:r ttUr n tt1a'.,r.rfr otiAnM ;apjoiniiHcni ot an lnvpy lxtfaordmary and Min ister Plenipotentiary of that Government to reside lit Washington, whose arrival may soon" be exnec- bed, it is hoped that no further impediments will .be experienced in the prompt transaction' of busi- ,ucss between the two Governments, Citirens of the Unite J States have undertaken the connexion of the two oceans by means of a rail- road across the. Isthmus of Tehuantepec, under grants o! the Mexican Government to a citizen of that Republic.' It. is understood that a thorough survey of the-course of the communication is in preparation, .and there 4s evey reasop o expect Ithat it w ill be prosecuted with characteristic ener gy, especially when that Government shall- hive jconsented to such stipulations with the Govern jment of the United States as may be necessary to :impart a feeling of security to those, wbomny em jbark their property in- the enterprise. Negotia tions are -pending for the accomplishment of that jobject," and a hope is confidently entertained that, when the Government of Mexico shall becorn jduly senible of the advantages which that coun try cannot fail to derive from the work, and learn that the Government of the United States desires .that the right of sovereignty of Mexico m thelsthy ;mus shall remain unimpaired", the stipulations re ferred to will be agreed to with alacrity: By the last advices from Mexico it would appear; howerer, that that Government entertains strpng objections to some of the stipulations which the parties concerned1 in the project of the railroad 1 deem, ncccssafy for their prolection and secirny. Further consideration, it is to be hoped, or strife . modification of terms, may yet reconcile the differ- ences existing between the two Governments in mis respeci. - - ..,1 Fnjsh instructions have recently been gfven to the Minister' of the United States in Mexico, who is prosecuting the subject with promptitude and abrlfty;. . t J Although the negotiations with Portugal; for;thc payment ot claims of citizens of the United States against that Government, have not yet resulted in a fnin :il treat v. vet a nronosition made by the Go ve rnrrfent of Portugal for the final adjustment knd paymdnt-of tl-ose cfahffs, haS fecehtly been accept- j ed on lhe part of the United States. " It gives fme t fed on pleasure to sav that Mr Clmr fn - 'm t-'m ! i if tiiirusitU,9ischargedt he duties of his appointment w ith ability nnd discretion; acting always - within. the msjri-uctions of his Goverment.i j It isxpected that a-regular convention wilj be fmmediately negotiated for carrying the agreement Betweefi the two Governnnents into enect. . ' I he commissioner appointed . under the act 'of congress for carrying jnto elTect jhe convention with Brazil, of the 27th of January, 1849, has en tered upjm the performance of the;dufies imposed upon him by that .act. If is hoped that those jdu ties may. be completed within the time which it prescribes. The- documents,--Itowe'ver, which the Imperial Govern rtfent, by the third article of khe convention, stipulates to furnish to the Government of the United States, have not yet; been jrecehjed. As it is presumed that those documents f ill be" (es sentia for the correct jdisposition of the claims, it may become necessary for congi ess to' extend khe period limited for the duf-ation of the commission1. The sum stipulated by the 4th article of the c in vention to be. paid to this Government has been received. - . j The collection in the ports of the United Stages of discriminating duties upon the vessels of.Ciili 'and their cariroes has been suf nended. nursuant to the provisions of the act of congress of the 24lh of May, 1828. It is to be., hoped th'Kt this measure will imnait a fresh' impulse tp the commerce jhe tveen the two countries, winch, of late, and espe cially since bur acquisition of California, has to the rrual advantage 'of the parties, Iecn much augmented. ' ' .-, .1 s , Peruvian uanohas become so desirable an a'rfT- clc to the 'agricultural interests of the United States; that it is' the duty of the Government toempIoya!l tlie means properly in its power for the purpose of causing that article to be imported into the eounftry at a reasonable price. Nothing will be omitted on my part towards accomplishing this desirable end. I am persuaded that in removingahy restraints on mia.lrjiijic, the Peruvian government will promiote US OTrn nrTTftm , , i i . . r- i . L - r a friendly disposition towards this country, wl will be duly aPDrecratcd.- ; ' . ich The treaty between the United j States and jllis Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Island, whjich has recently been made publicwill, it is believed have a beneficial effect upon the relations between the two fco untried: . ' . The relations" between those parts of th Islnd of St. Domingo, which were fdrmerly-Colifniesj j of Spain and France, i-espectively, are still in ahitin settled condition. The proximity of that islanu to the United States, and the delicate .ques:ions in volved in the existing controversy tneYe rehdr , it desirable that it should be pefmanentlyi and spee dily adjusted. The interests of humanity and of general commerce also demand this; and, asf in timation's of the same sentiment have been recei ved from other Governments, it is hoped that some plan may soon be devised to effect the object jn a rqanner likely to give general satrsfac,tion4 . The Government of the United States! will not fail by the exercise of all propef ffiendly offices, to- do all in its power to put an end to jthe. destructive war"which has raged between the different, parts of the' Islandf and to secure to them both1 the jben efits of peace, and comnercc:. . - j . ; j , . I refer you to the report of tlie Secretary oft the Treasury for a detailed statement of the finances, -". The total receipts into the .Treasury,! for j; the year ending 30th of June last, were forty-seven million four hundred and twenty-bne thousan se ven hundred and. forty -eight dollars and ninety cents, (47,42 1,74S Sro; . . , . j The totaf expenditures during the same period were forty-three mil I ioh two thousand one fmn drcd and sixty-eight dollars arid ninety cents, (843,002,1 (53 90.) , . . m . j The public debt has been reduced, sincej the last annual report from the Treasury Department four hundred and ninety-five thousand two lun dred and seventy-six dpflafs and seventy -riirrt tts". By the 19th section ofTJieactlT"tiie jnriw uary 1637, thp proceeds of .the sales of the jpub lie lands were pledged for the interest and princi pal of the public debt. , The great amount of those lands subsequently granted by congress for.irfil,!-' tary bounties, Will, it is believed, very nearly; sup ply thelpublic demand for'-several years to.cjome, and but little reliance can, therefore, be placed on that hitherto fruitful source of reveuue , . Asidejfrom the permanent annual expenditiures, which have necessarily largely increased a! por tion of the public debt amounting to eight tmllion seventy-five thousand nine hundred and eiwhty six dollars and fiAy-riine cents j($3,075,93j3 59) must be provided for within 'the next two fiscal years. It is most desirable that these accruing demands should be met without resorting: to new loans. -:.' !, ' I All experience lias demonstrated the wjsdonrr and policy of raising a large portion of revenue, fci" the support of the Government, fromduties on goods imported.- Tfie pewejr to, lay these duties is unquestionable, and its chief object, of cburse, is to replenish fhejreasury. . But if, in doin'gthis, an incidental advantage, may bel gained by encou raging the industry of our own citizens, - it is our duty tor avail ourselves of that advantage A duty laid upon an' article which cannot be produced in this country such as tea of epffee' -adds to tie cost of the article, and is chiefly or wholly! paid by the consumer. But a duty laid upon an article which may Ee jroduced; here, stimulates the skill and industry oTIour owii coun try to produce the same article; which is brought into the market in competition with the foreign ar ticle; and the importer is thus compelled ioireduce nis price to mat at wnicn tne aomestic article can j be sold, thereby throwing a part of the dufy upon the producer;o"f the foreign article. Thc continu- aifce of this pfoqess creates the skrlf,1 and -invites. the capital, which will finally enable us to pro duce the article much cheaper than it could have been p rot u red from a broad thereby benefitting5 ,bV-! the producer and consumer at home. The consequence of this is, that the artisan and agri culturist are brought together, each affords a rea dy market for the produce of the other, the whole country becomes pro sperous ; and tie ability to produce every necessary of life renders us inde pendent in war ps well as in peace. ' high tariff can never be permanent.' It will eAuse dissatisfaction and will be'changeo'. ' It ex cludes competition, and thereby invites i the invest ment of capital -0 manufactures to such excess, iliat wheri changed it brings distress, bankrOpty,, is uniformity and permanency, that he 'may' feel a confidence that he is not to be ruiued- by stfdden changes. But to make a tariff uniform and perma nent, it is 'not only, necessary that the law should be specific, wherever the nature of the article Js such as to admit of it. Ad valorem duties fluctuate with the price; and offer strong .temptations to; fraud and perjury. Specific duties, I on the con-, frary, are equal and uniform in all ports, and atall times, and offer a strong inducement to the im'po'rt er to bring the best article, as he t pays no more duty upon that than tpon one of inferior ; quality. I therefore strongly recommend a niodification of the present tariff, which has prostrated some ol our most important and necessary Manufactures, and that specific duteS be imposed sufficient to rafse .die requisite revenue, making such discrimination in favor of the industrial pursuits of our own couii- 'try as to encourage home production, without ex-. eluding foreign competition. It Is also important f'fiat an unfortunate provisiorf ih fhe present tariff, which imposes a much higher duty upon the faw material that enters into uur manufactures than upon the manufactured article, should be remedied. lh.e papers accompanying the report of the Sec retary of the Treasury will disclose! frauds at tempted upon the revenue, in Variety and amount so great, as to justjfy the conclusion that it is im possible, under any system of ad valorem duties levied upon the foreign cost or value of the article, to' secure an h'onost observance'and an eflectual ad rnnijtratibn of the laws. The fraudulent devices to evade the law, which have been detected by the vig ilance of fhe appraisers, leave no room to doubt that similar imposition 'not discovered, to, a large amount, have leen successively practised since the enactment of the law noy,in force. . Tins state of things has already had a prejudicial influence upon .those engaged iri foreign commerce. It, has a ten dency to drive the honest trader from the business of importing, and to throw that -important branch ofemploymen into the hands of unscrupulous and the , obligations of an oath. By These 7 means Tne plaitf intentions of congress, as expressed in the law, are daily defeated. Every motive of policy and duty', therefore, impel hie to ask the earnest attention of congress' to this subject If congress should deem it unwise to attempt any important changes ii th'e system of levying duties at .this ses sion, if 'wilf become, indispensable to the protection of the revenue that such remedies, as jti the judg ment of congress mny mitigate jhe evils complain ed of, should be at once applied." ' As before .-stated,' ispecific'd6ftref-iv6ti.M, in niy opinion, affofd the most jierfect remedy for this evil; but, if ycu should not coricur ih this view, then, as a partial renfedy, I beg leav'e respectfully to' fecommepd that, instead of taking-the voice of the article abroad as a means of determining its value here,' the correctness of which invoice it is in j many cases impossible to verify, the law de so chm'ged as to require a home valuation or apprai saf, fcube regulated in such manner aS to give, as far as practicable, uniformity in the severalpcfrts . There being no mint5 hi California' I am informed that the laborers in the ; mines' are compelled, to dispose of their gold dust at a large discount. This appears td me to" be a: heavy and : unjust tax upon the labor of those employed in extracting this pre cious metal; and I doubff riot you will be disposed at the earliest possible period, to relieve theirf froni it by the establishment ol a mint. In the mean time, as art assayer iS office is established t.hef1 would respectfully submit for your consideratiori the propriety of jauthorizing igold btiltionwhich has been assayed and. stamped, to bo received in payment of Government dues. I cannot conceive that, the treasury, would suffer any loss by such a provision; which wilf at once : raise bulhoh to its. par value, and thereby sate if Ixim rightly infor nTed, many millions b'f dollas to the laborers which are now paid in brokerage to convert this prec'iCus nieial into available funds. This .dis count upon their hard earnings is a heavy tax,arfd to relieve them from. so great a hurdcir. More than three-fourths-of our population are engaged in the cultivation of the sorfj The covri mercial, manufacturing and navigatin'g interests are all to areat extent, dejendent on the agri cultural. It isf therefore, the most important in terest ol the nation', and has ju'st claim, to the of fering care and protection of the Goyernm'ent, ,o'. far as they can be extended coiisistenlly with the provisions of the Const ittrtiorr. As this cannot be oJone by the ordinary, modes of legislation'; I re spectfully recommend the establishment of an Ag ricuTtural Bureau, .to be charged -with the duty of giving to this leading branch o I American industry the encouragement Which itisO well desefves. In view of the immense mineral resources of out country, provision should also he made for the employment of a competent nri'rtei'alogist and che mist, who should be reqAdredi under the direction 1 ofjhe, head of the bureau3, to collect specimens of the various minerals of our country, and to as--certain, by carefuf analysis, their 'resprci7e ele ments and ptoperrties, and their adaptaUon fo use ful purposes. He should also be required to e- amine' &rn$ report upon the mialities of different soils, and th manures best calculated to improve their" productiveness. By publishing' the result of s'tfch experimentsr with suitable explanations, and by the collection' and distribution of rare Seeds and' plants, w ith-instructions-as' to the best system of cultivation, much may be done to promote this great national interest. Vn compliance with- the act or congress j passed on the 2d of May, 1850, providing- among- other things, for taking the seventh census, a sUperin tendent was appointed arid all other measures a- i dopted which were deemed necessaay te ensure the prompt and faithful performance: of that duty. The appropriation already made, will, it is belie- the work; ! but further legislation may be riecessa rv in regard to the compensation of itjome of the marshals ot tfieTerritofi'es; It will also be pro per" to make; provision t by law, at an earfy day, for the tVubIiction of such abstracts of the returns as the public interest may require. " ' -The unprecedented growth of tffff, t crritories on the Pacrfie in wealth and population,' and the consequent increase of their social and cominefcial relations with the Atlantic States, seenv to render it the duty of the Gorernment to use all its con sututional fwwer to improve the means of inter, course nvifh theni. !Tne importa nee of opening a 'line of communication, the best and most cxpe the Pacific, was brought- to your hoficoxby my predecessor, in ,his - annual inessage and as the reasons" which he presented Jn favor of thff meal sures still jexist iii fall force, I beg leave, to call yjour attention" tejthem. and to repeat life fecdin mendations then 'made by him. r , The unceftiiip'ty Which exists in regard ! to the validity o" laiicf titles inCalrfornia is a iubiect whrch demands yaar early consideration. Large bodies of Uafid in that , State are claimed under grants sait to haVe been made by authority of the Spanish aild Meican Government Many 6f these ha Ve not been perfected, others have b6eii revoked, and some are believed to be fradiilent. But uhtil they shall 'have ."been judicially 'investigated, they will, continue to retard the settlement and improve! ment of the country. I, tfieiefore,respecfully rccom menti that provi's ion be made by law,' for the ap ppintmeht of eomhiissioners to ex'amine all such claims with a view to their final adjustment. : . I also be leayei to call your attention t6 the pro priety of extending1 at an early day,our system of land Jaws, With Such ATopm cat fop's as tHny ne cessary over the State of California and the terri tories of Uftah and New Mexico. The mineral lands of California will, of cotfrse. form5 an excep- fion to ahylgenerat system which may be adopled." ' Vuriotrs methods of disposing, of thein have been suggested, t was at first inclined tP favor the system of leasing, as dt seemed to ' promise the largest, revenue to thef Government and to aflord the best security against monopolies ; but further rejection apd our experience in leasing jthe lead .rrrmes a n d ! sel I i ng I a n d s u poir, c red it , 1 1 aye broiig fi t my mind.to' the conqjusioh that 'there' would be great difficulty in coilecting the rents, and , that tlie relation of. debtor and creditor, betweeh the c'ltjizens and - the ' Gofeftitttetit Would be attepded wifli man: mischievous consequencbs. ; I here fpfe recommend that, insteadof retaining the ipi nje'ral lands u'nd'er the perfftahiet cojhtf61 61 fhe"'Go- rernmeiTh into small parcels and f fW? iasw il I i n s u re ih o fx;st price," and guard, mbst effectually bgainst combihations of capital isfs to obtain monopolies." . . ,, '-.; ,:The. annexation' of Texais and the acquisition of California and .New Mexico have given incieased importance to our .Icdian relations. The various tribes brought Under our jurisdiction by ihpSe en- fargementsiof our boundaries areestimajd fo m- brace a popujatiofi' of One liuhdred and twenty four thousand'- ' ':. Texas arid New Mexico' ar esrirroinded by fow erful tribes of fnifitiik, who are a sotfree of constant terror and annoyance rto the iuhabitaijts. Sepd rating into! small predatory'bands, arid always mounted, they overrun the country,, devastating farms;, destroying crops; driving off whole herds of cattle and occasionally murderirta the inhabi tants or carrying, theiri i.ntfj" capti ity. The great: j iuuus ivuuiiig io uiu counn y are iiwucieu u iw; uium, whercbyf travelling is rendered extrerrrdy dan ge rous, and immigration' is almost Entirely arrested The MexiPanlrontier, which by the 11th article ofithe treatyof Guadampe., iiidaflgo; we are bound to" protect-.agairis't tie Indians within oirr hefcet1, is jexpose.d lo.these incursions equally with oir oiyn.7 The . rtrrl it'ayforce syatlJohe in that c'oun tr(al though' forming a large proporti6Yi of the ariny is represented as eritirely inaderuate to our owrr protection and the fulfilmentof our treaty sti pulations with Mexico.- The principal deficiency is in cavalry, and t r6commendetf that Conjfi? shjould at as early a period a pra6'licable, provide for the raising cl 6ne or more regiments jof m'otirri ' ted men. . , ' ."'.; :. '- ' .' jFpr further stiggestionf bn.this snhject, arrid oth ers' connectfed with du domestic interests, a rid tlie, defence of 6Ur frontier, I refer y6dto th'e 'fp6rtof the Secretary ofVWar. t , '..'. i , 1 commend also to'your favorable consideration the tfggestioh contained in the last(rncritioncd re poft. and in tlrp Tefte of the genei-ar-iri-chief, rela tive to the establishment of an asylum for the re lief of disabled aed destitute soldiers. This sub- !fttecirnppears str-tftWtjr-- yfk sy'rfipathies' that it would be 'stiperflUou's in' .fn'e tp'.say -any thing more than barely to express my Cardial app'robatiorr; of the proposed object: yv - i I The n'avy Con u'n lies to Vgjye 'protection- to our commerce andother national interest iif the dif ferent quarters of the globe, and, w ith the exebpj t'fonf of single steahier on the NortfibrrVrnWe? the yessefs in commission are distributed in six difler ent squadrons. :! ''.'',' !' -' :! ' The report of the head of that Department will exhibit Yne'ser vice of tlie several vessels employ ed in each during the st year. It is a source ' . .'AT of gratification that w-hilr theypafe 5eh constantly prepared for any hostile emergency, they have eve ry where met w ith the respect and courtesy due as well to the dignity as to the J peacefiil dispusiliuns and just purposes of- fhe nation ' ; , j The twq brigaritines acTceptei by the G"overri ment from a generous citizen of New York, and placed under commantf of an officer ol the Navy, to proceed to t he A-rctic seas iti'qtiest of the Bri ish commander, SirJohn Franklin, and' his compaijj. ionsin compliance with' the act of Congress, ap proved m'Mny last, had. when last heard- from, penetrated into a high' northern' latitude, but the; success of this noble and hum ane enterpvisoi s yef uncertain., j T invite your attention tothe idV of our present naval establishrr.erit arid ' resources, presented in the portf Qf -the' 'Secretary' of the riavy, and tlie suggestionsj therein ' made for its improvement, to gether with the naval policy recommended for the security of our Pacific Coast, and the 'protection nnd extension of our cOmtnercO with Eastern Asia. Our facilities for a larger participation in the trnje ofthe East,. by means of our-recent settlements oiv. flie shoVcaofthe Pacifi6, are topobvious to bcvor- ; loiitpd oc ' Lifisreirjirdeil. i " . .' " The questions; m relation to rank in the army . eorid navy, and rLrative ratik between cfHrs of the two branches of tne service, prescnieu io im- Executive by certain resolution of tfie House of Representalivesnt thq last eessfou .of corigres,, ha,ve been subrnftted to a', board of officers m fieh braheh ol the service, and their report may le ci- ; pecteil at an early day. J ' I also earnestly recommend the enactment f n law authorizing Officers ol t'he oriny antl nrfv'y to bo retired fromrthc ervice4. when incompetent (or it viiorou3 anil iVcitvb duties, king Care io make suitable provision for tlidsc w ho have fiii'lV" fully served thtir cduntry, end uwardti'ig distinc- tinnr.: retri n i hT f riu p propria u. ci.xnani.3 U osc I " "ill la 1 1 in i ii ii ri ii lii i i loii'iif fnj uni !aht-oh.3f good conduct. ! While the . Uigatiorf of the ijiountry t . mainluiii and honor those wlio. to theexclusioh ofothejr 4)ursuifs, have devo:i J' . tnerrtseives to its-arduous service, tln obligati.Mt should not be permitted to' interfere with I lie ciTm ciencyof the-serf ice itself. ' ' I am gratrfiedlin. "being able' to . rtate,Jth)it tfid esuVriotes of expc nditurefnr the navv in, the c fisu-. ' ingyeflr are Ies, by-; more than o.k; fni'Ihoa of dollars, than the e of the present, t-'.t ?';pti;ig the approjirhViion which Tnay.- become fiecc-sfcafy lr the coiistiuction f rf docli on thu.coaAt of the Pa cific, proposittiu; i for hich are now. being consid-' , ered, and on wh ch a, special report iay Le cx-' . pected earl) . in wr present session: there is tin e5tlei ident justness in the' sugejtions t, thiit Hppropriatrohs for the iiav of the same it val service propy' stiuuld be separated ji'om. lhe for fixed hud r; pnueiit oiiprt.-:, uch as bu.udirii docks and navy and from i'e e.t o( the Depart rnrli rafdst nnd thfc fixture? attaclic'f ; aqrdi nary objects under the cate t which, however importunf, are nbl fnoi)iinIJy iinivaf. A revision til liie cope lor . . . k the ovcrrir nt cr the navv c'riYs' lb tcouira fhe i'mWdiVte conside ration of congress',. Its system of v'finies and pucishment had t ndergone no change for half , u. century, until tlie lasi session," tlieug'i its 'defects have been .often tmd ably pointed out, and the ab olition of a partici tar." species' of corporal" punish met:t wiiieh then fooR pJace, :. itboii pr.tuJiiig any substitute, U:p left the service in astate of 'J deffcliveness, which cjills for, prompt corietiion. 1 .therefore-' rccoinniotid' t tfat the jhwle sul j-2t bo revised without difv, and such a-' system estab lished for'' the eiifijrce'm'ent .of a discipline, as' shall be at once hunhe.nn'd JfIectlia1. " : i ; ' The otCot-rt'pnrihig.feptrt of, the fytVfo' General, preserifsl a satisfactory view of two ope rations and condition' of that Department.- ' ' A.t JWclose oT.jh'D last fiscal yen Oi length Of thcfnlafid fn'att! foutei in the L'fiiri d'S'afes (n.'.t huiiil i'ed Lri'd' was'one seventv-eiclit thousand hyndedand-cvci4v-milvs.he arinuaT transportation-. six thereon for;y-six t'u ill ion .five Irc'njfed .and forty'--6ri'e thotrsafi'd iburhuhdid. and fwcAtythrt ihilex; arid th'e annual ' cost' ofj nvtiU' iratisportalion two millions seven" hundred tn'l twcntv-Jbur thousand' fcur hundred iahd twcrity-siv dMlars. i , ihe increase of'j ihtii of tlie prer:i! 1 lie iimiual rHiifporlni ion ovvr'u ingyertr," iis tliree iiii'Itmif iiiiio.'i l.uinlre('J and hiiiel) -.evn flioueapj llue Iitirirrril and tiliy-Iour miles. iml ij.i.e increase in rntr wa ihree hiiiulred and f?iy t,'0"tboudtid four hOnJird and Joriy ;f6.lfar;-j ' 'i : v" ,- ; f; Tf.fe iiuiiilierHif post (iHces iri t he United Stiffs, on the fir si -tfay ol July lant whs triyblt-eji iIkjiiuhihI lour lniiiir-ij iiiid efVtfilee.i) tit-in i '' iiTreae id eiteeii 'huufed nTuf aeveniy durijg line precetdui year- .! "' l -' ; ' ' The grrtes rcyeixie ot the Department' hT ihc fi rvl year ending iiine 30i h.. 1 uwtuwit'd fo lim .millions five iiitrdred - and lit'ly-f wo ilindeaml niiM? hundred rtiufi sevenly one dollars und' filfy-iMbt ,crrit,'if!clu!d?ii g l he animal rtppropriniiort ol'l wo hurt-' tired ihoPdAud illars for l lift. franUeJ' uinticr of ib deparim'enV, iniil cxeluOin tlie foreiyn ijumtaeeii f otledfcil fur i and payable lo l!i: Briti.li Gjveru men t. : ; . f - - '' " . The expenditures fori thepatrtf ptMfxl. trerefy-' inillforii two Ibiindied aiid t'welvp ihiS.ilaii'f nine hurulreil and filiy lliree dollars", tindloriy- hree e in leaving a balance ol retfemle ovt-f exin,iMliiir of lltree hundreii aiid ll'orty'tlidgiilid aiid'tihtci'ii d ji-', lars and five cents. .. i- i I ini happy o jiinl lHat' t!ie- fitV.al roiulitimv of " Ihe Deartinent irf-picll to juti.ly the P'.-tiiwni.T Gcneialiii rertiftil?iiilitiu' ll.e .reduction l our in land teller potae fo three cepi ibU ii.fl h'tlei when prepaid, ami fWi-ViM.-ls lien rlo:'pr pai l. 11m aieo recomniend-' iat line prepaid ran; l.iirbM Wiiced to iwo r'eids'wherrt.-Ver ihe revHmi'" "f i C Deparlnieu.r, alVdi ihM ri'iloriion, tlmM .m J I expendiiirretf by ' niAJ'e ifiaii. five per cent,; f.ir 'iw. -consecut;v yearp ;; i hut. il.e yo..: upon. Cd:t.r. ., nia and1 bilier leiltirs enf by our oiean Meau.cr- shall btt uiurh eiiiVcei ,-f nl ihaMe rie of pen age on i:iwjpaperi, jmrtiphlel. periodu-Hl-, an I oilier 'jirinied mailer vhatl bVi' tiro Jifu'd, anJ ifumu : reductioiv therein' irtiade.- - . .li choiol hedoubtlul tlnftlw propoirr.J rted unions wit'., for lh!e prvr..ili.t.inlli ihe revenue of'lle". ' DeprtTlmcnt. rj i believed lhat Ibe i)f'fi-;yI-after the. surplus alieadv H(enTn()J.ii ed ulill fieVx-' haur(4li ihay bjl njinoel vhntry tt. eif'aer.by a1o, lishina' tlie exitinJ priv ile j'en ol'ieiiding X'tvS witter' throiiah 'he niailf.or by' pay ing out ol loe. Tr-am v lo the Pobl (Jtfice DVparifiiein H',im Vq-iivalem i llie poetae. ot whif il ii ih-privell by U peivv legesi Tlie lar is toppofrt". ,i Le flje prrlrr.il. M iiio.ie, and will, if iioiVemirely, o nrjirly Vnpply il a' deficiency as to inakejiny ftlnlier npptopriAii.n tlnl rn iy te found iHM-eary so ineoneidrniuli; u l foini1, no obstacle to AS proyoufd l-e liiCti''' " . ' I I enter'ta'i'u io d.u!i of the amUoriry of Conarri-ir' to make appiopri itial -sSlr ln.ni ot j- ru' fn -a' class of public work, eompriit'ir h l 'are vi-aHy called" worlfK of iolrrnal i'uiprtieii e t. 'Pie thorny f i.uii!pte Ur f.e driycli Vl.it'y Irom : ihe power of rejjjutaimg coiinnerVe wi;llftVeit'n 4ialitt.i, and tnnoiiif tin; StUle, n. llie povyer oj'f.iviilir 1, Wdieciiiig lhlipo-t Wt.ere trttiifiyr' i-.n he;. r:ed no. and inijWfn Cirtlei'led there irtj-f t"' '" st ml hHTh'ors.-Hwtdl a Vha,rves ami cu y b"'i-r-. Il'fhinladrii Willi vahiab'e r:trv'"-H. appro lb v :.t., -..il ..!..rA t.'., V,l:.kt' liiflll..(Mif 1111! iiet-r i:h - r. t. pern j aul -propeiiy. uiner( 1'icjlliefi Mll It I w roiiiiiiercand iiavjat..n r.e.liArdfy te -iaip'Tiai.t and Illume t laur .f Ihe CiMWiAni: HiertMor.-i W hich I have refej-i'edV have n- ivd tr-.i! l.e inlmd" tbtt.G'weriiiiieui n jii'rat and U"in-(n;iitl.cou-cTiuciiau: roV 'dy ftav IfVid-jHiNnoif. Imi . sr...!' beacons hern hlatd ihrd. iuid flualn UM- tiu lail'l'll, Mil liillinr lifor nrrii tunivn . i ... j v, . . .. piers cinsiiiici'e'd ml evoi UjeaU w.iers for Mc tale iy ef kliippil'j Hi" "eit1 tt iUH 'O i i, 1 1. i troiu.lH'iH j:t-iM.p, luifi-remiyirt. 1 & Mi jiciion of fl.f orenn, iw. 4u i;l eivcii't at wry U" Vxpeiise.- Aed ll.U r. uin'cr., ,i i.a- Con" ;ilill'il1VUIU.J' n vi'i"'v , V 4 . rs'i-.if I'Vriu'ii rl' i- . "It i .it- i '
Hornets’ Nest and True Southron. (Charlotte, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 14, 1850, edition 1
1
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