fH£aotv£sscom;cric)\
imi:NERS’ & FARMERiS’ JOURNAL..
PKIM’EU AND PUULIKIIKU KVKRY MOMMAY, DV NUUJ.K & 1IOI.TON...CIIAR Wn-rK, Kl.K.MiLllG COUNTY, NORTH-CAROUSIA.
I WILL TEAfl! YtW TO MKIlfK TUB *OWI!l,S Of THE EARTH ANO BKINO OUT niOM TIIK CAV*RNH OF THE MOl'NTAINS, MET.M.S V.UICII WUX OIVK irrRr.XOTH TO OUR IIANUS ANU HU»J£CT ALL NATURt TO Ot'« Vn AND rLXASUII.—OR. JOHNSON.
\ OIa. I.
IWO.MIAY, l>KC E3IUKR 27, ISllii,
NO. 14,
overcoriH*, and they did overcome tliiiii.—
TEKM8. pntriotiwn of tlio i)eot>lo, directfd by a
THE MINERS’AND FARMERS'JOlimAL , imp.rtaiK-C of tlic
Ii printed end publiBhcd every Monday morning, | I'nion, produced mutual con€eH.>iioii and re
al Dollars and Fifty Centi per annum, if | ciprocal forl)earaiice. Strict riglit was incr^-
piid iji advance; Thrte Didlitrt a year, if not j cd iu a 8|)irit ctfcoiiiproiniiie, and the result
paid until afti r the expiration of »ix nioiitim. j has ronfteci-atcd thoir disiiiiterustfd devotion
ADVEKT18EMENT8 will be inwrted at Fifty , to llu; general weal. Tnless the American
cent, per i«iu«re (Ml exceeding aoiiu.K,) for Uieiix'ople fiuve dci;enerated, the same result
firnl iLKrUon, and 25 crnU for each H.iecccdm,; ; «;.'«“'• «lected, whenever experience
week^r*! for tl.re,. weekK, for one «,uare.-j !>«"■*'’ “*«
* ... ... ..... . A .1 I 1 Raim* Uioain» to ui)hol(J tlif* labnc wlucli tlieir
A hberal d„e„unl w.ll J* to tho^e wl.o , ^ ^
advert.*; I.y tl.e year. irOn all udverU« m. nU , ^ „„vernn.ent
comraiinicated for p»it.lieation, U.e ijke ours, or any other,'oix nite with jin ci.-^
in»erUon« niu*t be noted on the marpin of tlie i ytntcs i.itu;it(‘d like thoBe which
inanunrript, or they will b.- continued until i this confcdemcy ; nor i. equality
forbid, and eliarifed accordingly- always iiijns>tice. Kvery iState cannot ex-
(ITAll conJtnunicalioni to the EdilorH muKt coinc j [)cct to slia|iv the iiH-asures of the General
fn-e of jMwt/o/ff, or they may not be allended In. ; (Jovernnieiit, to suit it.x own paiticular in-
(crests. The causes which prevent it ore
pu1 i>Kx^r>s MKssau t.. I seated in the nature of thin;>s, and cannot
t-o!«cuji>i;i). ''**'* ciiti*"*'!.' counteracted by htiniaii means.—
It may »onietui«. hap’[M.-n that the inter-1 ranee, the^lbre, becomes a
CKts of partieulur States w.Kild not l« deem-1 obh-utory u|h«i all, and we may, I uin
ed to coincide with the general interest in! ‘-'-unt on acheerlul oomplnuioe
relation to i.nurorement within such States, j " 'H* ‘I"'* »yunction on tl.e prt ot
But, if the danger to be apprehended from constituents. It is not to be suppose.! that
UiLs source is sutficient to requirt- it, a d.s- ‘>*«y will olyect to make such com}.arative.
cr«li« iniKht be reserved to C’.*»gres8 to nicoi«idorable bi.crihces lor the pre^r-
direct, to «ich iniprovenieuts of a general 'ation ol rights and privileges which other
clmmcter a* the State* concerned might: favored |H>rt....w ol the world have in
not li« dispoeed to umte in, the application vain wa.led through seas ol bl(«K^ to ae.juire.
of the qu.rtas of those States, uiKkr the re- ^ Our course is a sale one, if it Ik,- but taith-
•tnction of c.«du.ing to each State the ex- ‘^•"y Ac,u.s*-^ence in the con-
penditure of lU, appropnate quota. It n.av, i ilutionally expi-es^ will o the nmjonty
Lwever, be a-aui.ied aB a safe general rule, e.xercise ot that w.l in a spirit of
that «ich iinprove.nents as serve to increase n«^eration, justice, and hr^herly kindness,
the prosp.!nty of the respective States in ''•» constitute a cement ^vhich would f.re-
which they are made, by giving new facil- 'er preserve our Lnion. 1 h.^e \vho cher-
ities to trade, aiKl thereby augmenting tlw ‘Uid mcuk^te sentiments like these, ren-
wealth an.1 comfort of their iiihabitunt.s, ‘It r “ '"‘f* service to their coun-
con.t.tule the Mirest m.Mle of c.«.fernn- "■> i wl'dst tho«: who seek to we:iken their
permanent and sul^rtant.al ailvantage^ upHi innuence, are, however consciontm.s and
the whole. 'I’he strength, as well as the praiseworthy tl.eir intentions, in effect Us
true glorv, of the confederacy, is mainly ...
founded on the pros.K-rity ami >.wer of the ; •ntelligcnce and inlluonce of the
aeveral imlependent sove'n-igntic- of which country instead oi laboring to ..ment sec-
it i»com(, .«cd,ai.d theceriaiuty with which .'rcj.i.lices, to be made suk^-rvient to
tiM-y ca.1 1« bn.ught into successful, a. live l«*"y "arlare, were, in go«l luith, .-ippUed
co-..,.erati.m, thnnigh the agency of the causes ol I.ku1 discon-
Fediral Govenniient. , ''V tjic m.provement of our institutions,
It IS, moreover, within the knowl.Hlge »>f
Rich as are
fairs, that scliemes of internal improvement
ranks the framers of it themselves were to | render the adjacent States strong enough to
portbrm the part of patriotic oh.'ervation ! rei>el future invasion without remote aid.—
and scrutiny ; and if they have pasted from | It will relieve the whole State of Missimip-
the stage of existence with an increased pi, and the western part >f Alalwma, of In-
confidence in its gc^neral adaptulioii to our dian occupancy, and enable those Slates to
advance rapidly in population, wealth and
power. It will separate the Indians from
immediate contact with settlements of whites;
free them from the |K»wer of the States;
condition, we should learn from authority
80 )iigh the duly of fortifying the [Miirits in
which time proves to Ikj ex|M>scd, rather
than lie deterred from approaching them by
the suggestions of fear, or the defects of j enable them to pursue happiness in their
mifiplaced revereme. own way, and under their own ruile iiLsti-
A j)rovision which doea not secure to the , tulions; will retard the progress of decay,
|ieo|(!e a direct choice of thoir Chief’ Magis- j w hich ia U'^^si'ning their numbers ; and per-
Irate, but has a tendency to defeat their will, haps cause them gradually, under the pro-
presented to my mi.id such an inconsiiten- j tection of the (jovernment, and through the
cy with the general .spirit (jfour institutions, influence of good couiiwls, to cast ofl’tlieir
that I wa-s induced to suggest for your con-1 savage habits, and Income an intere.sting,
sideratinn, the substitute which a|)j)oariHl to I ci\ ilized, and Christion conmimiity. 'I'hese
me at the sjunc time the most likely to cor-1 cons'quonces, some of them so certain, and
red the evil, and to meet the views of our ^ the rest so probable, make the complete ex
constituents. 'I he most mature reflection .ecution of the plan sanctioned by t.'ongress
since, has added strength to the Ijclief tiiat jut their last session, an object oi’ much so-
the l»t‘st interests of ourct*untry require the ! licitude.
s|»eedy adoption of some plan calculated to Toward the al)origines of the country no
eir»*ct thisend. A eontingeiiiy which some-' one can indulge a more friendly feeling than
tiii.es places it in the power of a single ^ myself, or would go further in attempting
member of the Moust; of Kepresi ntatives , to reclaim them from their wamlering hah
to decidf! an election of so high and sjliMiin ' its, and make them a happv and pros|>erous
a characti r, is unjust to the [icople, and Ik>- j people : 1 have endeavored to impress ujwn
comes w hen it occurs, n source of embar-; them my ow n solemn convictions of the du-
ras.--mrnl to the individuals tiius brought in- ] ties and |)Owers of the General (Joveniment
to (K»wer, Olid a cuuso of dist/ust >f the . in relation to the State authorities. I'orthe
re|>rc8«-ntalive h^dy. Liable as the con-j justice of the laws passed by the States with
feilei-acy is, from its great extent, to parties ! m the scope of their reserved powers, they
founded ujMin sectional interests, audio a are not resjxmsible to this Government. As
corn'sponding multiplication of candidates inrlu’iduals, we may entertain and exj.ress
for the I'resi.lemy, the tendency of the con- „ur opinions of their acts; but, as a Gov-
stitiitional reference to the House of Hc[>- ernna-nl, we have as little right to control
reseiitalives, is, to devolve the election up- them as we have to prescribe laws to for-
oo that l)i>dy in alm»sl every ins:ance, and cign nations.
w hatever choice may then U- made among ; With a full understanding of the subject,
th(? candidates thus jirescnted to them, to j the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes have,
swell Ihe influence of particular int‘resls with great unanimity, determined to avail
to a degree inconsistent w ith Ihe general, themselves of the liberal olFers presented
good. The coiise([uence of this leature of! by the act of Congress, and have agreed to
the constitution ap[K;ar far more threaten- remove l>evond the Mississippi river. Trea-
ing to tlK- |)Oaci! anl integrity of the I’nion, ties have iieen made w ith them, which, in
than any which 1 can conceive as hkcly l*» due season, will be submitted for considerji-
result from the simple legislative ai tiun of tion. In negotiating these treaties, thi>y
the Fedsral Government. ' were made to understimd their true condi-
It was a leading object with the framers ' tion ; and they have preferred maintaining
of the ConstiluluMi to kc-ep as S(!|>iirate as their independence in the western forests to
IKjssible the iu;tion of liie I.egisiative and submitting to the laws of Ihe States in which
at ull conversant w ilh public af. i c.Mulition of t he times, this task w.nild prove j Executive branches of the (Jovermm nt.— they now reside. 'I’hcsi! treaties Ixjiiig
_rlieme» of internal improvement *css ditficulty. May we not hope tins object, nothing is more es- probably the last which w ill ever be made
iwve’'fmm time to time be-n preiK«ed,' the obvious interests of our common aent.al than to preserve the former from Uie with them, are characterized by great lib-
whic’h from their extent anl Heeining map- cmntry, ami the dictates of jui enlighleued tem,.tatioiis of private mtere.t, and there- eraUty on the ,.arl of the G«vernmei^ 1 hey
- —• iL'ill in pnil. tf.^1 lliK nuliiir c i; . i..ri\-n llie Indinns a IilK'ral sum in Consideru-
nilkence, were reganled of nati.-ial con-, painoU»m, will, in the eml, load the public
ccmaient; but w hich, upon fuller c«»wi«to. ji i itJ!H-t
Jli n .Mi fi.Hl 1_ ». w|l ■ ■■■ ■' rptnn Wtiolly ri’ee fn.m objec-
rejm ted with great nnainmitv. ^ That which has, for .some time, been
That Ihe plan under cMWideratic« w.Kild , nerhai*. the w or>l that could
derive im|K>ilMiit advantages from its err- ^ r ad\ance that con be ina.ie
rations from ever)’ thing, luriiniate and inoa
imate, with which the young In^art has be*
come entw ined 1 Far from it. It is rather
source of joy that our country atlbnin
scope where our young population may
range unconatraincd in body or in mind, de
veloping the power and faculties of man in
their highest perfection. These remove
hundre'ds, and almost thousands of miles,
at their ow n expense, purchase the lauds they
occupy, and support themsClires at their new
home from the moment of their arrival.—
('an it b; cruel in this Goveninient, when,
by events w hich it cannot control, the Indian
is made discontented in his ancient home,
to purchase his lands, to give him a new and
extensive territory, to pay the ex|>cnse of
his removal, and support him a year in his
new abode T Ilow many thousands of our
own people would gladly embrace the op
portunity of removing to the west on such
conditions! If the oflers made to the Indiaim
wer- extended to them, they would be hail
ed w ith gratitude lyid joy.
And is it sujtposed that the wandering sav
age has a stronger attachment to his home,
than the settled, civilized Christian? Is it
more afflicting to him to leave the graves
of his fathers, than it is to our brothers and
c^iildren? Rightly considered, the policy of
tlie General Government towards the red
man is not only liberal but generous. He
is unw illing to submit to the laws of the
Slates, and mingle with their |Kipulutioii.—
To save him from this alternatiye, or [>er-
haps utter annihilation, the General (Jov
eniment kindly offers him a new home, and
proposes to j>ay the whole exi)ense of his
removal and settlement.
In the consunnnation of a policy origina
ting at an early jieriod, and steadily [pursu
ed by every administration within the pres
ent centurj-—so just to the States, and so
generous to the Indians, the Executive feels
it has a right to ex'pect the co-o|)cralion of
Congre-ss, and of all good and disinterested
men. Tlie States, moreover, have a right
to demand it. It was substantially a part
of the compact wliicb made them memlH-rs
of our confederacy. W’irti Georgia, there
is an express contract; with the new States,
an im[»lied one, of equal obligation. Why,
in authorizing Ohio, Imliana, Illinois, Mis
souri, Mississippi, and Alabama, to form
constitutions, and become s*>|)arate States,
did (Congress iiKlude within their limits ex
tensive tracts of Indian lands, and, in some
instances, powerful Indian tjnbj>ftiu-^asjt
their limits, and that, with all convenient
despatch, the General (Joyemment should
extinguish the Indian title, and remo\e ev-
obBtruction to tlie complete jurisdiction
tier j g*'"® Indians a liberal sum in considera
. - r"^^1^,t“tc^ir'rearinterest to maintain t
that every precaution m this rcsi>ect is » _ ^ p^i^t^nce, they will there be at lib-
valuable siifeiiuiird of lib»!rty,:uHl one which ■ ^ ^ without the inconveniences
mv rellectmns ujion the te.Mlcncies ot our , J , „,.y— _ .
systeni,iiicline nietothink^shouM^^n^^^^^^^^^ Alabama and of the State Govermnent^ over the ^.il.
It was tor I IIS rcas* n i ,
, Humanity has often wept over tlie fate
-' of the aborigines of this country ; and phi
lanthropy has U>en Ions busily eni|)loyed in
I- devising'mcans to avert it. But Us progress
shll has never for a moment b'en arre.sted ; and
one by one have many [K.werlul tribes dis-
■ared from the earth. To follow to the
coiuily^of the s:::n.me..t wuhm the sphere intemi...i i.y
ithm the sphere- intended by
lellcd and thosc^ who adopted
VVc It—which shall lead to the extinguishment
of the natioaiil il*U in th* Hhortest |)orixi,
rsv:::;—
make room for anc
■Ills and fortresses of an unknown people
it has creatiHl. The agent iiK«t likely to to make rwm lor .mother.
contravene this design the C«istilution
is the Chief Magisti-atc. In order, imrtic-
ulurly, that his appointment may, as tar as
possible, be placed b«'yond the reach ot any
improjHT influences ; in order that he max
appr.»ach the solemn responsibilities of the
In the monu-
spreail over the extt'nsive n'gions of the
West, we behold the memorial of a once
jH)werful nice, which was exterminated, or
Probably not one of those States w ould have
accepted a separate existem c—certainly it
would never have been grunted by Congr ss
—had it been understood that they were to
l>e confined forever to those small portions
of their nominal territory, Ihe Indian title
to which had at the time been extinguished.
It is, therefore, a duty which this (iov-
enimcnt owes to the new States, to extin
guish, as soon as possible, the Indian title
to all hinds which Congress themselves have
inchuled within their limits. When this 13
done, tlie duties of the (General (Jovernmiiiit
in relation to the States and Indians within
their limits arc at an end. The Indians
may leave the State or not, as they choose.
The purchase of their lands does not alter,
III the least, their per.sonal relation with the
State Government. No act ol the (lener-
ItlJ^ - - . -
l',rrlVest office ill the i;ii\ of a free iK..i)Ie, in this, which, uiK>n a compre'hcnsive view
I,; ;C'.r 3.Tl'» Slal.- roc.-..- ^ ..y
its quota of the national n venu.- for domes- i‘l['',uld my diUv" were’ 1 to
S,„,.ry h. ,h... A.
fathers. What gKHl man woul.l pi-efer a
coui'.trvcovcn'dv.ith forests and nu.ged by
a few thousiind savages, to our extensive re-
rendered as strong as the nature of i>ower,
ami the weakness of iU possessor, will ad
mit, I cannot too earnestly invite your at-
render him ineligible af^er o.e term of ser-, or indus-
*'* . . . ... r'..« ovviiti>! fKTiii»i(‘d by more than twelve
ai nsc of duty to l)0.stow ui>on them. t can- ,:,,q„|re to Ik; reminded
not require’ arguiiH*nt to prove « ^ ^ ‘ jJ- , ,i,emst'lves to rein-
two courts is -osl c.^pmd,^ ^ vital a prt of
finency or ret.|H-clabdif> ol the ' their system. While they arc sensible that
enimentH. , „„;i ..ttendant ui)on its oticration is
. epted the provisions made for
al at the last scssi»>n of (’’ongre.ss; and it is
U'lieved that their example w ill induce the
remaining tribes, also, to seek the same ob
vious advantages.
The consetjuences of a spe^'dy removal
will iiii|)ortant to the Uniteil States, to
individual States, and to the Imliiuis thcm-
selve.s. I'he jna-uniary advantages which
it promises to the (Jovernment are the least
of its recommendations. It |Hits an «nd to
all |K)ssible danger of collision lietweeii the
authorities of the General and State (^«ov-
on account of the Indians. It will
which occupied the countries now coiistitu-
States were annihilated, or
ting the easlern
have melted awav, to make nwni lor the
whites. The waves of |«>pulation and civ
ilization are rolling to the westward ; ami
we now pro,vise to acquire the countries
occupied b\ the red men ol the stnith and
west by a fair exf hangc, and, at the ex,iensi-
of the Vnit. d Stales, to s -nd them to a land
where tiieir existence may Ih> prolongi'd
iu«i p'ri.ai>s made i.eri>otuul. ‘-‘“"‘'.'‘T; ‘
will le iwxd^d to h ave th.' graves of their
fathers; Imt what do they more lhan our
, I* * I OVA imiv
•sary to give the States jurisiliction over the
(Arsons of the Indians. That they possess,
by virtue of their sovereign power within
their own limits, in as full a manner belorc
as after the purchast' of the Indian lands ;
nor can this (Jovernment add or diminish it.
May we not hoiic, therefore, that all g(M>d
citizens, and none more zealously than tlutse
who think the Indians oppressed by subjec
tion to the laws of the States, will unite in
attempting to open the eyes of those chil-
dren of the forest to their true condition,
and, by a speedy removal, to redieve them
froin the evils, real or imaginary, present
or pros[)ective, with which they may bo
supiK>«ed to l>e threatened.
Among the numerous causes of congrat
ulation, the condition of our impost reve-
nue deserves s)K?cial mention, in as much a*
it promises the means of extinguishing the
iHiblic debt sooner than was anticipated, and
furnishes a strong illustration of Ihe practi
cal effects of the present tariff upon our
commercial interests.
The object of the tariff is objectctl to by
some as unconstitutional: and it is consul,
ered by almost all as defective in many ol
its iMirts. .
The iiower to impose duties on importa
)rigiimlly belonged to the si'veral States.
I'he right tc» adjust tho.se duties w ith a view
to the encouragement of domestic branches
icn the southwestern fr.>ntjer, and l>'es
iinntii
nut I- l.iw tors. 1 he I onsTiiuuoii «u.'«n '
influence of winch our W'^'ed ‘ . ; „„,,„„itted to Ihe virtue aiul intelligence ol I ment of