0
PRINTED ANI> rrni.IsilKI) EVEIIY TIIlfRSDAY, IIY THOMAS J. IIOLTO!«....C1IARLOTTi:, MECKIiENnHRii COFNTY, NORTII-CAROLINA.
VOL
TIH KNI>A\% APRIL 30, 1835.
NO. 239.
TIIIE
]»Iiiier«’ & Farnier»’Journal
1 piintoitand publislicdevery Tliursilay niominp
\l Tipv wr aiiuum if paid in •dvnnc*’;
7Vo PuUart and Fifty Vtnti it not paid iii ad
vance ; Dollar* «t Iho end o» liie yiar.
illVKKTISKMLNTS will bo inwrted at Fifty
ctnts wr Mjiiarc (not cxctcdiiig 'iO line*,) for llie
Crjt inwrtion, and ‘i5 ccninfor cach •uercKlinj;
f 1 tor tlirec week*, for one sqiiari.—
A liberal (litrrunl will be made to thouc w ho
,dT. rii-« by ihe year. I/*On all adst’itisrmt nln
c,wm.iuiiicatcd for j.ubliialion. ihc nmiibtr of
in»frtton» inual be noticcd on the margin til the
niamiwrii.l, or Uioy will be conlinuid until
foibia, and charged accordingly.
 • All cuniinuiiicatioiis tn tlit* Editor nuiKt ooon.'
‘fret ol pottoft, or they may not U atlcndid to.
r.KM-iilive IMIroiia»e.
mk. rALiiot» 111 roiM—t '•O.NCLl'nil*.
1,,'t now inquire into tlio cauvs which
tnav it nil tf> (liimnmli or increase tins os-
tiiii.tK'd rcceipl.dunnjr the next •wvrnycurs,
ail 1 tliPir t'wl«ble .-flbcts in the uggreyntc
on ihe iiicoiiie rroin the customs.
'I hf onlv l auso, as is belicveJ, that will
tPiul M iliiiiiui>^h th« ninouut, m Ur as ran
ijow b.' ri>ro-«*oii, ua the graduiil rcdiictmn
of oiif teiilh cwry two \e«r», uinier ihonrt
of III.' Jil Mjn h, l"3n, till th*‘ >ear l^ll,
a>i iui'i iK'rn sl.itcd. It will be w«*n by rt>
l\ f iic” l‘> thi' >talefnent from the Tn'asnri,
a!ria i\ .I'on, that this retlurtion last ycu:
o'l :!ii iin;>'fiuti' ii ol « of
r'lilfs amounted to if,
ho >'"v r, id of ihut amount, th«* iinp'>r
t itiMii ol Mirh aiiicles had b«'en
0(Mi, as il Ha-iMinicd thi y would have Ufn,
in ! mil till-(lerunjreinent of th« currency
prt-'v. i.i. ii, till* reiliKfion oil arcouiil of the
c;,. t iilii iviiuld have inrreosed in the suine
p-'.i(« riii-n, mid would have of course, a-
III iialri) to *0.
,\.’siiist this iiK-rmsed ri'diirtion, there
iMi'i bf sot I If 1 probaWrt cradiial iitrre;i,-e
pfitv-(Jmnestic exports of Ihe chihI»\ ; and
»iih iheiii, :w a ni‘ce«-Mry coi»s4-«^u( nc»*, n
.coirt^fx ndm;: increase of the iiiui»rl8, and
vilh tr>eiu iho r»'-* iroiii th»-i'u-ii>in*.
lf .ir iflkf Ihe Uit fix years frnn t»
'31, tlic last imlul* d, the nvfra:;e aoi.u.il
ioi:i'-ds>j oi’ d(iiii*'«lir eX|K>rls in llM5 |)erioi
Un'ariy j^o.OIKt.dOO, .f wiiu li th*-inrreas*-
m I'-1 w.is JiT VJiM.(Mlil, ;uid in ^9,-
fiii'i.'tOO, inaking in the lart two years an
averu^ tl'c^eav*of^S^,’00,000 ; fhuH>-h«>i*
in ■ H iii'ich more rapid inrntas*- at «!«• rnd,
' ,'i :it ib^ b"^inumi' of the series, ll’to
lad •.»!> add ill -  U.-ct which the de-
truN. i.f diiMfs, uiidf r the art of t;v ‘Jd
Mirr i. imi»t tmve on ihe PXf»orN. lh»-
«id- w and for the xtaple of ihr
tobe I ■■ ' H'’d 'he v ast arn'nini of f-rtili* and
!>•- I 1.1.;d hr'j^ht into market, within the
l.in fivi' \f'ir5, in iho ngion rn»>t conpfii-
iii; 1 I ’ :.'ro*th of cotton, it is b*-li* 'eii
! :-t .1 nnv be -a.elv a'‘'niined, that tin- a»-
c'_• ini.uai ir.creas*; of our domestic ex-
p ;t I'nr ttie next seven years will nt
t.l'nl >' .i'()0,()Ui>. 'I'his increa«! n"isi 1»"
r»'!i I'd b\ a rorre^pi.ndiii;,' in'T»af*'* "t
im;ifirt«, and wi!h them, as stai'^J, of th''
r'C'.i; '* from ihu cnsn.ms. A^^utnfng thal
th'* prop-,rtion bet*ern the free and diiticd
ar;c!e-, in cnns* quence of this increasi! oi
inp- ’!«. will b'* as boon • >iirn:iled, il
* ii idii to the receipts from th« cusioni^
an incr**a»c of $l,flilO.OOO—from
R liriw.’vcr, rnu**t \y dediiet-i S')l),IHM),
cr. I'T. «j il of the biennuil reducUc n of onc-
itii. ■■ ii»*h wiiuld rcdiK'e the iiu rea^io to
If Ihm he deducted Ironi ih'*
avprn^- r'-(iiii:tion of one-tenth, as aU.ve
-'■■'’ri f>ij, we shall have, takiiiji the two
c )»(.s lfi;;i'tlier, the increase of th - eustimis
iiK T'-a- 1 imports, and the derrens*
f'‘ :n the bi'-iinial rediictH'n of mie.imth, a
(,f ri venue equal to S31,000 an-
r>ui'!y ; makmt; in iteven years >^23'‘,00l.
liiit it OiUit b‘ taken into Ih*,- esliinal* ,
li'il the incrraio of r**vf“nue frorii incrc*'«’
'■f f'T!x;rl--, H annuallv adiled, uhile the ri;-
■ i lmnoii .icrount of theon(“-teiith is hien-
fir.lly. 'I'akiri;;j this into litc csiiinale, the
r,f rf'viiiue on account ot" tlr? in
Cr..,f th« exports f>»er the dfci? axe, on
acciniiit Ilf the biennial n dueiion of oiif
t''>iili. Will, in the seven y^arw, equal •S-’I/JO".-
iroM winch take ^'-i-’i'^.OOO, iind it will
If IV an !i3;tr> j;;ii« iticrca^o ovor tho ile-
crv ,,f «;j,(1110,000.
T liis ormcluion, however, rest*? on tin-
I'npiiMi, that the proportion b-.twi-fn
Ircf; and ilmitd urtirlcs will reniain dur-
P*tiim1 the fiarne as i« eitmiat'*d tor
■10 hist yf:tr, hut it is prclwble thal the re
'Jcljon of the price of the free articles, in
toii-cfjiK.tiff; (,f rcpf'ai of theihjlifs, v\!ll
jrpfiily inr:n ii-c th'Mr eons»inipti'n, nnl ot
li.iV‘a corrc«i)Oiihny * li'Tl rn reduc-
'■■i; ihe aiiKjii'.t «f thij dutiable artii lew, and
”i*ti liism ln; rweipts intu tho 'I'reasfiry.
* ‘’--owe '.' r, Iji-lleved to lie ahafe e«tiinatn,
tiiat thn rf'l’iclK.n of the receipts frtrfn tins
'aiiso will ly- more than counterlialaiiced
O' ll^e cxf . Its r.f the increase of inronie
'■'■''n iIk* nKTi as; of export*, over the re-
, ' f' t.'tith bie.iiiiially, as has Ix in
aihl liiat it in.iy therefore Ixi a>.snm-
ronfidence, if no iiiiio-
"■‘Hifvtjii vhotild i -.tervoiio, tiiat the aver-
3_'»; HUM’d n;(;i[Hs froin the cu-itorns will
 'liial to the Hiim f,f ftl;,;j70,0ti0, the
' 'f>i Hhich the rotnmerco of lant j t ar ought
to have yielded, as has be«n bhuvtn, under
ordinary’ cirruiiislaiiccH.
Vour cuniinittirQ v» ill next inquire, what
will be the probable amount of receipts from
Ihe piihlie, landH duriii" the period in ques-
lion. Tho receipts from that source, dur-
in;; the last year, uccordin^ to a statement
from the 'IVeasury, equalled 85,020,910.
H'iiis, liowever, probably greatly exceeds
the [>erniancnl receipts from that source, as
it was caused, prolmkly, by the fjreat quan
tity of rich and valuable laixl thrown into
the iiiarkft during the year. The receipts
of l’r'33, eqnalletl S3,»67,i!?'i, and that of
the last four years averaged S3,70.'»,105.
If we take into tho consideration with these
facts, Ihe rapid increas# of our populations;
the steady rise in latidetl projH'ity geiier-
,i!ly ; the vast quantity of lands he!d by tlie
(lovcriiinent; it is b« lievrd to be a sale cs-
tiniale, that the average aiintiai income from
this source, duim^ the fn'iuKl in question,
' vmII be at b-a't equal to'‘U,.'>0ti,000.
j Of thr> n iiiaining sources of levenue, the
k'liik dividt lids IS the only *'ire that r« niires
Inoiii-e. Fhcv amonnu d in 1 ~33 to $»4uO,.
000;* and it is prolKible thal tli»’y *ill give
n:i equal nr.niial iiicom- till the expiration
■ of its chartur, 1 ; after u Inch time there
will lie a reduction from t!ie income of the
frovernii:eiit eipnl to the annual diviiiends ;
bill It i» Im'Ik vi*d by those, v»iio are nn*'t
■ famili.ir uith the vubjrrt, that i retn*nrh-
nvhl in the collev tion ol the i-u>tonis, by a
r«;'..rmation of tb.vt branch of th'- uOiiiiniS'
traMoii, im\ bt;  tT cled, nt lea-l equal to
this reilurti. II. It cost the iJovern nent, it
»teii.«, ?l,3.-»tMHlO to collect
v*hirh IS more than etjual to nine |icr
cent ; n rate, consideririii the facihtv ot
collecting this lir iiicli of the revenue, and
the ilrcriM'f'ii iiid leement to cluiie the du-
tl* s, III fo;,.. (pit tire of tlie "f at re liirtioii
in the rale ol duli*'*, aiti>;:‘ 'n' i ;-xir-'tv «.ai;t.
If thrn.' i nifiilal I - '’I. 'il! -irove r.irr-ct,
the av' ra^'.-incoiiii- of ii>,'(i 'ViMim •!.!. tor
' *he niM M-ven vears, i/ t lodU'i'n” i:k cn' iit-
-li I'ei. will >-t| , ,l aj,
,n the whole i'ri'«il, the u.;ri' sitr siiiu ol
$U to," '0, t»i winch, tl >ve « "I lh>* re-i.
!dueoftli- (IfiV' fiiiiii'iit «t«* li I'l til' 1 (ii!' l
Slat' S Dunk, a-.iou;i!ii to 1 ..nil
wliu h iiiu^t |>ail i:.to the i ic i 'iiy at
tiie ••xpiiati- n of 111 I II nt-r. h'hI ’ •• -'ir-
plus i:i tiie I'n-is-ury on tin ol't o| I* 'em.
Ivr la>f, whui:, :.li' r :*•.(■ tin^ ji j.ou'l,
out), u i;t afjfoiiiit to ' >.V' 1. it w n: z'*'
III ^il'/ “‘.r;i cl r 1 l- 'i! ;i.;*"l ; w e ■.
divideil hv I'V II, ui'i nt.ii-' to- : v« r.i/'-
.iiii.Uiil «'im, ■' t” ' I .: ill II "11 '■
(government I r t • t: \t : vi ii years, a-
uKunt to »•’ 1' 11.
i S'.ich be,:t'l'-pr"' i'll'* nil annual
jinruiiK? a:nl iii. aiii ol tlif (i. \ riiinenl |.»r
the "x v n * ii«iiiii.’ yiMiN, (;,•• [i \t ij'k -ii wi
which pn ’••iit» I’.' Il h r ri>i,.s.d. r.i:i''ii ih,
«hal (Miijhl to l.i - a\ei ,;,'e • v;. liilitMie
|i>r the •iiiii)'- p rKsI !
'I'll*' expendilor” l.ir fhcvear 1“'M, •i'>
i.ikrii t'rom th»- annual r port ot tl,. rt*
tarv of the 'I'n ,i--iry.  qo'dh c 1M I" .'7
aiiii f r the pr--'-tlii,4 ynr ^.’,7 1.1.7 .'j.’l,
deducti'i’, in biih ca-''-. the p on
' .iccuunt of the puh!ie ileht. \ i iir ; >>iiiiHit-
t ‘ an-, however, of thf opinion, t.'i.it ti;' -e
iilioiiiits ftr exi ‘-(I w'.it oUijht t'l the
* i-X|)‘'ij'liliire, f>n a j'lit niid oeonoiiucal vu'e ;
aiil that It iiiaj U; very trf ‘'iy rciln ed
I without injury to th - public rvu e. 'I h->
•alMi are of opinion, that to this t;reat and
extr ivag int ».xp ndiiiir'- liinv Ik; attriUile*!,
in no «ma.l d. gr' e. the dis*a.^> whn h now
threat'I S H.I vrn"!'-'v th- b*«iy politic.
Thnt .1 jii-!t conc'pti'.ii may In- for.n«d o|
this ev'r.lord'll.ny ificiei-*-, !h*'y hnv> an-
, ni X' d a lalib- of e\|«'inhliir' s, from the \e.ir
I-'.'* to deilueiii.;; the pavmeiil on
nccoui.t of the public debt, by which it ap-
i,r-i,ihat, 10 this short [hnod orieiiyeais,
tin: expeirJitiir'r has rivn liiini ^!>.7"" l,t*O0
to 8J’-’,7 I•!,0(t(l, l>'itig .111 exre-s in ill*- lat
ter, ovr the loriiier, of .ilinosi 91 .‘},000,000,
,1 "-nin eTceediiii;, b} iifarh ft.M.(KiO,til(il, the
\vhoI- ex|«Miditure of iho (loverniiK'nt in
1exrluuitig, as .taled. Ihc public debt ;
■md thi-, I'Hi, durinj; a P'ti'kI o( prolouiid
|K‘rice, wh‘11 not an event hud ocenrr«‘'l cal-
,eij!,ited to warrant any iiiiU'Ual exp ciditure.
Oi this enoriii'His mere.iy, the greater purl
! occurred in ihe li’ I lliree year*.; m which
lime iIhj e\|s*inlilure has riiw-n nearlv Jl*,-
000 iitio, whii h m.iy well account fur the
j pien nl ilntigeroiis >•) mptoiiis.
Vour coimiiiitee have not time t.i give
lth;ii minute a’li nli.m to the ex|M‘nditun s,
iiece^Hiiry to delerinine what parln'iilar i-
j tems can, or ou;;ht to b'*, n ireni h' d ; nor
I do thev deem it inii«irtanl, at pie-ent, t"
ient* r into ««» hil)*iri'iiis an iiupiiry, even if
‘tiiiiodid not prevent. Il is -iifiicient for
th'-ir pur|M'>«e lo assume, th.it the ex(H ndi
lures of were, nt the time, consnlered
HMiple, lo meet nil the just wants of the
IJtivernment, and thm, lar Iron beiiif.'
a jM rHMi (lixtin^ioishiMl by pBi.jiiiu ny, the
then A'lniimstration were t|ioii;.'ht by innnv
to Iw unreasoifithly pro|ii'e,nnd were accord-
m^iy 'he olijeei of Hjhteiiialie iiltack, on
(ircoiint of ilipir •iitiposed extr»vni;aoee.
A-j-iiiiiiing then the e\|«-n'htnre ol
000 to have l, eii ample al that period, the
nmount «f diviil»niN for could not
U oltain' d ffc'ii 'hj Tri i-u-y.
question which presents itself is, wliat ought
! it to b; at present, taking into consideiH*
' tion the necessity of increased ex|K»nditiires
in consequence of increased populatinn f
I 'I'hey liavH already shovvd that the (Jov-
; eminent cannot liear a |»**rnianeiit increu.s**
of ex|)«'ndituro, in pro|>orlioii to tho growth
I of the fiopiilation, which may be estiinuted
al alxnit 3 jht cent, without an increase of
patromige that iiiiisl in its progress inevita-
I bly prove fatal to (he iastilulions and IiIkt-
'tyoftbe country. On this principle, the
exiH-nditure, iiisteud of increasing nearly
j 13,000,000 in ten years, iis it has, oui;ht
' to have increase d much le.sti than three,
‘ and ought not, in ibe opinion of vonr com-
' inittee, to have exceeded ’J.OOO.iiOO at tiie
farlh^M. A^e^uming that sum as a hls-ral
allowance, nt>il adding ii t the f xi>ciuJil-ire
. of 1 >'•,'3, we shall have the sum of ^1 i ,7“* I,-
'000, In-yond which the present expeiidilnre
1 o«i;.'ht not lu iiave (>a'M-d, inchrling the
|p‘iiMons; and, excluding them, jil0,0r-J,-
II’..’, iii'lend o| $J‘.i,713,000, the miiii ac
tually ex|M nded. (H ihe items whu hconi-
: pose the pie^eiit exjicnditure, that for |>«mi-
sions roiifitiUited, la>t yenr, the •^um of «3,-
311 ,‘'77. ConMilermg ih*’ aiivanceil age of
iihe p4 n»ii>ner'*, ther»-ought lots', according
I to tho annuity tables, u d‘‘crease by lieaihK '
of I 1 per cent, aimirdly, wliu b, m wvi-n '
^ years, would diiiimi-h the exp*'iiditure on
(•ensionx, from the fiim aUivc mt nl oned, tu
$l,OIO.''OVi, nniioallv, gi'in^ an annual uv-
»Tsge reduction of t;V..*r,7 »*>; and would re- ‘
duce ihe ex|>enditiir«- on (H-iisir>n», for the
eiiouing iB’ven \ears, to an average sum ot
«.'.U1‘',0()0. Add this sum lef 10,of-MIU,
ihi* sum beyfHid which the pre*»cnt e.\|s u-
dilute tiughl not to extend, exeludini.' the
's’lisions, nnd we shall have •J,OfiO,41 iJ,
.Ts what the annuni average e\|>endilurv iir
thi' next »«» veil \eurs oii^bt to li«*.
’I’like liiii from the 'um ol C-’I .Vf.'ly.'J! 1.
, "Inch, a-i has ls*cn t.lriw!i, will Ik.* ihe pro-
b-.LI" n^eannual (iK-ans ol ibu (iov. rii-
iiiei;t I r Hit- • :ve [ eri>Hl,nrid It v»iMild Ici''*
g't. 17i). 1‘ t: or, 1.1 munij nuiiil»*r>, for tlie
f.n.itv o: ■ ..Iriii ition. *>.0011,(100, ns theav-
,i.-. iiurt'.({ the |H nod, nt
t!ie (io\* riinwMil, on the
• '., en,litiir •• will lie r**-
••iiiii.»tl wants of tl.c (i A-
'TH’M- siirjMis II
«h' di-: o-,tii>fi I
•i|*p>- I'e II 1 ’
ill|i eirt.'> Ui'* I
en.riV't.
II .V„: r 'ho ,
>Mirplu fv ii’.
ri'i'iii-'d 1.1 ii> p
vt h
’ '.it ,v‘!l 1 e ’lip prol.ril*!*'
•u.d the eX(K-ni!itur»- !>«•
■r hnals, llie ci'iiiiiiills
■ >(1 r. w il' ' II* r iiikI'T
s.-tri;; circiini'iunc-s llu- rt'veuiM; can Iv
r'-'iij.-eil.
two I rr: t >. 'in.' of ri v i Me ore
!r- !i!. in') i-ii-tiKi.-. I r I’, '-p ■'ii,t inclii.!-
IIIhe p I of' uiiuii !• n paiil' ulir
■ ii.l; are ot .(iiiail ai;ii'i;:.t. I' r a ■ if lul
I . ‘■"'i^.'.ti'i’i, \ . or (• .(iviiilI*—a I ■ ol o;ii'i-
ion, tl.. ! t'.i' act ..1 -J.I *•! rch. 1 Ita.. f-
iu'’'‘d I’io iJulfM ii'i in; ri'-, 'Mlii n e i >
c ; ti- n«, ss I ir a^; 1“ praelirnSle iiii'.'er '\-
i-jtiri ' r (rriirii'.».l • co|ii!*>telitiy wii!l the
Hit. r.l ;il:>! spirit "1 Hi'' art.
Tlie t lilH, umoTiJ other ihillC",
thal. sfi. r th«'81-tdav ol i rii.twr,
iTi hII ct I'' w h' re ihi' dule • nh.ill « xi eed
,0 jier eeiii. !iil valoreni, f‘U* k'lith pail nl
xiirh exi i-*. ^hRll l>" redui * d, and in lik»'
ii'.’inner one t''i.'li jwirt e\'‘rv lv\o \eiirs, till
ih" 'Ust of Peceiolw;r, I; iilal lliat on
ihe Hist of Decen.lier, I'll, one hill of
ihe resiilue of .‘•uch e xce.»s ••hall l>e «ledue|iil ;
and in the 30th ol June, 1 *• I.’, li.e re*ilue.
It aU> proviil's thnt, until the 30th .•iin**,
1 ~4'J, the duties imp -s d b% the then exi-l-
ing law shall remain uiich.inged, excejit as
provided in the (ith m i-(ton.
Vour coiiimittee do not d'“eni it necessary
to inquire whether the circuiii.slam.e!, under
which It pan-til, involves an\ thmt’in the
nature of a pled"e or l oiitrnct, w hi« ii wuiild
forbid aiiv alterations ol its proviMons. Il i>
'iiflicieiit for iheir piir|M*-e tl. siiilc till' Ihi I,
that the act is the leMill of a coiiiproiiii'ie
iM’tween greal s>'Ctioniil interests, liioii^ht
into conflict imdi’r ( ..c;J!:!n1.iih-s which
ifirratened the f^-ace nnd safeiv /l the coun
try; nnd thal it conlinm •* to U; the only
ground on which the aijiiHinieil ot the con-
irovi rsyi un -land. I nder the-;* circuiii-
-tances, to disregard the (>ro\isoiis ol lii"
act would Is- lo o|K II a coiitroverwv which
your committeo hojie is chwetl lon ver ;
a controversy which, if renewed, w.mlil
do iiKirc to ini ren>.' the power and in-
(In' iice of the Kxeculive th in any otlv-r
esent tlial could H-riir. itli the nii-
'pres-ions, then, thul lie- piovimons ol the
.let cannot Is! distuiU if without endaiii/cr-
mu the |ieae.> of ih'-coii'.try, and lulding
'^realK, hy Its coi seqii' iici M, t« Kxeculive
jMilronaire.’ your coiiiimliee have Iimil'-d
their inquiries to the M'li'ictioii « f the ilu-^
li. « on such ailitles, ns bv the provisions of
Iho act are subject lo Ix-r'-dui ed ; nnd al
ter a careful mvestigaiion, they are i-f o-
■ inion, that all the reductions which c;,n
lw*« (P*cted consistently 'vilh the spirit of
the compromise are inconsulerahle, anti
that to make th«.se ih it might l>o made,
would retpure toi much lime and inve»tigii.
lion to permit it lo ls> done nt this session,
us will apfwir by a reference to the leitcr
of the Secrf-lary of the Treasury herewith
I mnexed ; but in order llmt the suhject may
I lie lok'ni up with full mformatim at the
'next •essioii, they have instructetl th'ir
('hairinaii to Biibinit a reciolution for the coii-
Hiih ration of the ^ iiate, directing the Sec
retary of tim 'I’reasiiry to report, at the
coiniiicnccmMit of tho next Btiwion, whal
duties under 20 r>er cent, iid valorem may,
v. ith a due regard lo llfu nianufacluring in
terests of the country, be rejR-aled or re-
diiced, with an estimalu of (he probable a-
iiiouni of reduction.
In turning from (he customs to the pub
lic lands, your comnutlee find thnt the dif-
ficnliy uf leducing the revenue fruin thal
source IS not less considcrablo than thal
from the cu»ion s. 'i'liey fully agree in
llint lilK'ral policy in relation lo thu public
lands, that n-gards ihtin as the means of
seitlemeni, ns well as a sonrcc of revenue ;
and tlial they slmuld lie i!is|HiKed of accord-
iiit^lv. III the inaiiiier !>«>l calculated to dll-
luse a flonrisfiKii; nnd huppy jKipuiatitin e.
VI r the vast regions placed under our do-
niinion: a p'dicy, tho wisdom of which is
Is St illustrated by the wonderful succe.>«s
with v\hich It has l>ecn ncconipanied. 11
is an tssfiitiiil niHXiin of this noble and
generf'US (wilicy, that the price of public
lands should be fixed us low as to lie acces
sible lo ihe greiit mass c f the citiz* ns, and
at the ^jme time so high ns net to subj ct
them t'j the monoptily of iho gr at cupitnh.'fs
t.( the ceimtry . \ irtjr coniinitlw are of o-
(>mion that this li:ip|>\ niediuin is attameil
hv the preM-nl prite; himI, judging from
ni'inv iiiflicalions of lati-, no con«idoniblt
re.locln II tan Is? made in ihe price, with
out inukmg iheni ti e pr»*y cf l.ungry anu
vorncious cpeiulalors and inono|s.hst», to
Ihe ijreui injury of the hom-sl and iiiHits
trious |Hirfioii of the conununity, as well as I
to the [H)r*ion td the country where thi-
lands mav Is- situatei'. I’-e this, howeve r,
IS It may. It IS uf l^’ast certain, that the
ni'metiinte el!! it of nducti'n would l*e to
ii,ciea«--. rather ll an diiitini"h the revenue
fioin hiiid?5, nnd, of coiir**, to augment, in-
»l' 9il of r dill me the public incouie.
T’lihi 'iti- ' e .n!d»-d nnothcr, Hi;d, i:.i-
.!« r i rdmsrv c iicumstHnce!t, conclusive ub-
j. cti. ii agiiiiisi Ihe rrdocln.n. 'I he r liuc-
iii.n of ihe pr!'*e of public Isnds, while it
wt iild ad III die. I 118 a Isiunty to the pur
1 liHii r> frtim li.e (iovcrnii ent, by enabhii;:
ilieiii lo a*’i)Uire inor- I ;i.d l..r thu same
'^iidi of li.oi't V, nniii'l :i( t -it tiie hame tune
a-* a I'XUjH.n the eiiiii.! l>o!v of laial hoi-
,,.fs who cini-titute the r'ct mass of our
|w,| iilaiioi!—u 11\ on th 111 immeasurivfily
"r> a’ r !>,.in tl; Iwniwty  I th'- purrlia^'rs.
'i .«■ Ii »eiainent of the I luted rilates
,s. in f.i' l. Il; • i.real lain! 'it .der of the t t un-
ti\. a::il. --uc*!, has ti.'* jien'-r, by l iising
I r rt'.I’icir lit - prief* oft'. Isn. s, lo n hit e
or r ii'C, Ml I trciler or !i '.-> ilegn c, ihe
vtlii- of irtiiu  ' very w h' re ; :uid, ol C' i>rs«-,
| . :ili;-i I ID lliesone d'i.'r''elhe property
ol lanit-h'iliiers ilmKi^liout thi> I'nion- To
wliil cMiiil any ;;iv n ledui tion of l!ie
price of {Hil.li. lands inny «lfect th** price
II laiii'H geiii-ialK, wouf'l Is- ditlicu't, il
if not inijMi.s'iliU- to a-«'t'rtain. It wudd t>e
i,realer or h-.ss, nctoriiii;:^ I'l the circuni-
hlaiict The pric*- ol'lnr,.! in llie ar'jaccnt
por;i nof Ihc c.ut.try, or that I'roni whiih
eiiiigralion (iriiicipallv li iwed, wouhl be re- j
linctil nearly in the •nine propoilion with]
tb it of the p’tibhc laniis : that i-, if rhe price |
of (.ubhc htiiiU Is* refill.-'tl oin--lialf, l.intls
a'ljaceiil, or Ivmu'in th*r emigration p"r-
In n of the coniiirv, v.m’d t>i ii rally fall j
one linir, whde the-ni >ie re:ii'le w ulil l>e
|e>, iifii'cted in pioporlitiu to distance iiiid
ihe absi'iicc of emigration.
I5ul, i: limy l)C nalt h assumed, faking the
wh' h- country, that the acliial fall in the
vaUie of lanils eem-rallv, in iht- hands of the
ho'd* r», would greatly exceed the acluil
reiliictioii of the price of public lands. To
illustrate ; if ili- prireoflhe hitter Is* reduced
one-half, which at prt-M iil wi.uld b-sixty -two
iinti oiie-half cci.ls [«-rar,-e, lands geiieralh
throii^houl tho country would bo reilnced in
value p r acre niu h ii.ore ihaii that sum ; I
anil, ll th'- fur greater (|uaiilil\ hehl h\ the;
whole IkkIv of l.iiul proprietors, compareil j
to ihi,‘ quantilv sold h\ llie (ntvernnicnl, lie
laken i ito the e>liTnale. some ide.i may Is-
form' d how great the a:js;reeate loss of
the pioprielt.rs, getiemil*, would lie, on
any n>duc||on ol pii. r, eoinp.ired with the
agurejinie gam of t!ie piircbascts. As
great, howi u r, a« it must be, none, who
know the public spiiit and i nhghlenul pat
rit lisniof that great anil res;H'ctabli' por-
ti >11 of our citizi'iis, can doubt their chi-er-
ful at quies«fiicf III tho sacrilii e, sho-jlil ihe
pubhc inlert-!.t, or (hi^ fuiidnini-ntal maxim,
which ou”hl to *{overti m the di'pisilion ol
Ihe public laiitl^, ri ipiire it ; but, otlierwiM*,
It wouhl Ih> a plum and p.dpuMe sacriliie
of one, and that tlie large-t |M)rtion of the
community, t* the «itht r, without a cor-
res{H)iidmg benelil. In pn->,‘uting this view,
It IS iiol the intention of vour conimitlee to
ofl'cr any opinion on iht; propriefy of a
gradimted Tedui lion, as a ireaHiiro of g-ne-
ral policy, in tie; price td Mich hiuls n-
have reiiiaineil long in the niarkd unsold,
and of which there i-^ no imniediHle p.ros-
[>ect of making sulc al the pri-^ent price,
Is-causc of their iiiferi'ir quality—tht ic
cn«e IS di.stingnishalile frtaii that (I thi
•rrcat body »'f ihe public Und-—Isn au-e th'-
nmnediato eil^-cts of such n-ductioti wouM
obviously bo lo raisii injtcod of rnt’ticinj lliw
revenue, and would of course increast; in*
Mtead of (liniinishitig tho difficulty uudvr
consideration.
Having now shown that no other reduc*
tion of the revenue can be effected under
existing circumstances, than the progros*
sive reduction already provided for by iho
act of 2d IViarch, 1^33, in either of tho
great sources of our public income, with
tlie exceptions already stated, your commit*
ti e will n'xt proceed to inquire whether
e,\(-cLlivo patronage can be reduced by re
ducing the ex[ enditures of the Govemmeut.
'i he result of their investigation on (hi*
point is, thnt lor reasons, which will here
after be ofli-red, a reduction of expenditure,
under existing circuuisiaiices, would tend
ii» ihcrcnsc, m«teud of reducing Executivo
p:itri;n:-ge. Uul, if it were otherwise, it
found utterly nnpructicable for
reasons already assigiie ', to reduce (he ex-
pediluro ‘much b«-low Ihe income. Ex-
|)ericnce has ab>jiidanlly proved, (bat so
long as iheio is a large surplus m th®
'^rea^'^lry, tl.e interests m favor of its ex-
(teiHiilare viill ever b*- stionger than those
»>p|s.s-d to it; and ibat no prudential con
sideration, arising frtiin ihe necessity of
.icciiniulaiitig fiinds to mi-et future wants,
or tiio hazard of enlarging Kxeculive pat-
lonuge, or the danger of corrupting the po
litical and public morals of the country by
iisi le.^s and profuse expenditure, or any
other whatever, aic suflicient to resist the
lempiaiit n lo ex|»end.
ll one unworthy object of appropriation
isdt fi-ated, another, with no greater claims
nn the public bounty, or justice, will ever
stand ready to urge its claims, till the fru-
snl and [Milriolic are weaned out with in-
(>••^111 and us«dess efTorts lo guard the
I'n’asurv. I5ut were il practicable, with
an t.vertiowmg I r'-asury, lo bring the e*-
(icndiiures w ithin projier liuiits, such is the
prey-nt crKidition of things, that to reduce
eypeatiiiure, would, ns bus Uen stated, in
crease ihi* |>«lronage of the Ejrciitive, and
llial lo an ejient so great, thal no object of
er|K-ndituro can be suggcslcd, having »
plausible claim on the justice, or bounty of
tlie public, which would tend half so much
lu increase his pTtronage, as leaving the
public money uiiex(s nded to accumulate,
us surplus revenue in ihe TK-posite Banks.
To rc-nlite the truth of ihis ramnrk, it
must be borne in mind, that the de[SMHe8
are umkr the cxclusiv»* control of the Et-
rcutive ; that they are dejsisited in bunk*
si-lected bv him; lhal they have the free
u-r of them without coin|Knsation to tho
public, and they may lu* continued or dis-
inissrd, as de|s;.'.ilaries of the public funds,
It (he pleasure of the Kxeculive.
With these fads b* fore us, the result
must be obvious. To ucciirnmulHte a per
manent surplus revenue in the bunks, is, in
fad, Uil to add so much additional bunk
capilid—capital, in tins cas*-, exclusively
under Kxrrutive control, without check or
limitation; and with its increasing amount,
ij iilv giving to him a greater control ovar
li.e Ue^Hisite Banks, ami, throuch them, o-
vi-r the Iwiikmg institutions of Ihe country,
gfiiernlly ; Ibus adding the dt-ep and wido
apread inlluence of ihe Iwiiks tu tho alrea-
*y almost overwhelming patronage of tho
Dxpculive.
As the expenditure cannot be rcduced,
the next inquiry i«, wheiher some object
of general utih'ly, in which every porlma
of the counlry ha^ an interest, may not bo
se|c» lt-d, as a fixed and |M-rmanent subject
on which to exjicnd the surjihis revenue.
Your comnnliee admit that if such an ob
ject of ex[)eiidiluie couhl be selected, under
a wi ll regulated sysl'in of disbursements,
esiabhsht'd by law’ much of the patronage
incident to the pres nt low and miregulat-
I'd disl»urs nieiits, mi»ht lie curtailed, but
thev are al a loss to find su«;h an object.
Internal nnproveuienl Bi»prnaches the near
est, liut ihi-re IS opposed to it, w ith the object
in view, insii|>erable r.bjtH-lions. To pass by
the formidabl® difFiculty, the long establish-
ed diversity c»f opinion as to its conslitulioo-
ahty, whit h divides the two great section*
of the country, exp«-ricnce has shown that
there 18 no ex|s-nilituie so little susceptible
of Ix'iiig regi lated by law ; none calculaleJ
to excite dtejicr coin|>etilion, or to enlist a
gicater numlx-r iii its favor, in profwrtioB
to the amount ex|M'iidetl; nnd, of course,
ealcii ated to ndd imuti to Kxccutive pat
ronage. To these, nn addition.-il objeclioit
of u recent origin may I)c added. \ our
coiiMiiiltcc allude to the Kxeculive veto, as
applied to infernal inipn>vi-ments, tho eflisct
of winch has In-cn to increase very consid
erably his powir tind patronage in refer
ence to this branch of expenditure. The
Kxeiulive, in his Veto Message, assumes
the ground, that internal iinprovenienls
m.'iv, or may not, Ik' conclitiluiional, ac-
ctinliiig lo c ich pniliculnr object; the dis
tinction to be determined by him in tho
11 xerci'O of b-s cMrstitiiiional function, of
gi\mg or wiibboMing his approval to ade
(if Con^iess; the i>ra-ticnl . ff ct of which,
I IS Iti iltaw wiihiii Its ci'iitrril the power and
inllut-iKO, wbicli npp' liam, not only to the
I adiiiiiit.-^tr.ilioii, but r.lso lo ihe enactment of
I law ; nntl,ol course, to increase in thu sanBt
' iioniinwtl on fourth /xu'f.