.y-
V-
J()S. AV. I1-4.MPTOX. i
n e icilL cling to the pillars oj the Constitution, and if it must fall, ‘ive’llperish amidst the ruiyis.^'
Editor and Publisher*
CHARLOTTE, N. C., MARCH 9, 1841.
1 NUMBER 1.
T E It >1 S ;
The " McchUnhur^ Jt^crsijnian'^ is pulii’-shf-d weekly, at
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JS'o paper v.i]I be discontinued while the Fjbecribcr owe? any
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ty-firt Ccnit for t-a:h eontinuanci:—ixcij t C'ourt an i oth’-r
judicial &.iv,-rt;st.nii. nts, winch wiil bt. t har^'- d tirenty-fire per
c^nt. bighei than th-,- abovt ratt~. i. iwin:: to the d> luy, trme-
r.'tiiy, cttcnd int u/K'n A ral '.’is .oua: wdl be
i iudf thosu who ad\trt;.'!- by ih^ yewr.
53. rs to tht. iui’or. '.‘Oi»tain.;’.i.' nion y in sums
♦f I-ire t>r ov-. r, ci'inr Irti-of posts^'’'. t>r th-.’
unioiu:;; paid &1 th‘ofEct* h.re \sii; Iw chariiid to ih? ■v^rii.r,
j-vcry instance, and co!}.*'t d a? othtr nrouunts.
Kentucky wS: Viririiila Resolutions.
FHOSI’ECTrS OF THE
j«rcfelMTl)uvfi Sffm-.^mnian
prrft. :.t is the lir.-t i nort tlinr lia^ btrn i:kiJu
\ ■ 111G LM A R E S O L U TIO X S
Of pronounrin^ llic Alien and Sedition Lcnw
10 be uncon.'titutioiial. and defining llie rights ol
I the ^'tatCc. Drawn by Mr. Madi-son. and proseiit-
■ td and cnlaroi d by Juliii Taylor of Caroline.
I i.v viiu.iMA HOLrfL uF deli;gati:.s, di;c. 21, 179S.
j Hesoli'^d. That the Cnuenil A^?embly of Vir-
I :rinia. doth iniftjuivocally • xprcvs ^ tirni resolution
to maintain and d^ k nd tlic CoiL-titutioii of the I nited
fctates.and the C oiv^titution ot thij; State. aL^iin>t * very
airirression either foreiLrn or donif-^tie : and tiiat ihev
will support tlie Govennnen? >i the United State:i in
all nicasurrs warrantal bv th'.- fonntr.
to establi.-h an or^M!! at the birth-place .f Anie-j As.^cinldy niu^t soleninlv d«clarfsa
rii an Indi’peniifnoi-*. ihrou-jh which tiie Joetnries ofi "’^rni attachinLnt to th*.' I. iiion id the States, to niain-
t:u l>..:ii M r itie I’.irty could be freely jtroniu!L'‘-iti‘d ^ which, it ])kilt:es its powers: and. that for thi«*
u:ij ,1.1, U huli til.- i:r, ;ii priiu-ipk .s ,n' Lib-, i’. k tin ir diitv -.o %v;ik'li ov, r aid oi.p,i vcrv
1 JLK.>. aiui Lheir heroic coiii])atriors iH^i kd ill ; \ i v-uiuiuui., lat
..ii tl:,‘ .May, 1:T5, rouKi at all iau. K iVn.l in, 1 T, . fl'l =‘ .'•‘“'“"i
■uhfci.ri.'iKinir advocate. Its .-ncces> re^ti chietlv wi'h ' diem, can aluU'- eixur- its existence and the
tiie Kepntdioan party of M.-ckU-nburL’-—and to'thcin. i happiness.
ctnd th»* ln'publieap.s ol rao surrouadi-iLT couiitrv the } doth explicitly ainl peremp-
appral is MOW lua*.!*.* tor stipport. * * ~-i i i
1 h*' J'.'ib r-;c)iiia,{-) -will a>»uiinj n.s ix'.litioal creed,
thot.^- landniarki? of the Republican I’artv. the doc-
iriuet- ?t't lorth i.'i thi' Eeniueky aii'.i \*iri.'’iiiia Itc^o-
o: I b*'iievin^'. as the umii rriLrned dot s,
tii.'t fi'ic auI;lnr^ or’ ihe.'^e pajx rs. wl^o bore a con.^])icu-
uup j'art in iraimniT our tyftieni ul Oovernnient, w're ' j i •*
bei-t fjualilitti to hand down to po.^u-rity a correct ex- i ^ dolibt rate. palpabl». and iLin
torily d*dare. 'I’hat it view.- th.- ]»owVrs of tlie Ft d
cnii C;v)vi.-nuueut, as rc.'-ultinfr from the compact, to
wliicli the Stat. s are parties, as limit, d by the })lain
s-nse and intention uf the instrument c'on.'titutmir
that compact, as no farthe r valid than they are ai?-
thorized by the ijrants enumerat'i-d in that compact;
— --I—V* v> II lu piptiTu V a correct ex-I ci. iu... . ana iKin-
5v.«:t:on of its true spirit—the be^^t jtulL’-es of what ! -^''/ous exercise of other j>owers. not L'ranted by tlie
p. u-er;* w^re deIe^^•lted by. and what reserved to. compact, the Statts, who ar»‘parti, s thereto.
’’ ^ in»>titution*^. ' for arrestijiJ thJ^pr.>!rr. ^evd mid t!i'r nnhi-
:=, ;U‘‘cou‘mr yfro\u "i>hm tli. ir r.,p,.T;iv,. lii,n,>. ,h. uutl,„ri;us.
t:L>r. of our Government. The nio^^t odious leatun
in tills strm is. tliat it robs tfie manv. imperceptibiy,
t;> « nnch flw;—It cioiheb a few w» althv indivi-
^p».‘c;
rights and liberties appertainiiii: te- th.-m
That the General As.-t'mbly doth also expn-ss it
, , . . ' — “ - iiiui>i-j P re£rret, that a spirit ha^. in sundry insane. 
^ witli jMwer not only to control the wa^c^ oflK eu nviuiu-^tca V»v the F, deral (lovemm. nt to . n-
‘l.e labonn^r ^an. but al.^o at their pK-;i.sure to mdate lar-^ its jx>wers by forc.l con-lruction.^f H .-1
or drprt-***; the commerce an.l bu.sine.s^ of the whol.- conMifudonal char^irter wb^ , T
country-cxcitintr a spirit of exirava.rance which it which d. fin-s then?; and.
t. rnunat. e in },.-cxmiarv rain, and too'ott^'n’the inor- ! ^catit.iis h;u e app.-ar.il of a d. siirn to e.xpoimd
'ci! .V^'radauuM of itr, vietiiiiK. 'i■hi^■ svstem nm^t be , ^ {w hi.'h, having been copied
th'^muirhly rrtlT7ntd. beiure we can hope U) ^ee set j hmit-.'ti nraiit of powers in the iTfrmer
r!f d pr"t>p» nt\ hiiiilr alike upon n!l our eitizeiiH. To wvr.* the less lilitTle to be
vud in pro.iuciiiir tiiic re funn. wih be o:\r of tiie main in!-^construeti.)so as to d* >troy th.- meaninir and etft-ct
o. j» ctf:ol tiie Jtil*TK;>iaaii. It w ”
... . - -/ill war aiiainbt (x-
ciura't g. or partial It-L’ ijdatitm. uiuii*r what.-
.vv'tT L'^uis*,- irranit-d by our I.fj-iKlaturf.-;: and. th.'r»'- m.- r
f- re. w:h onjXrt.e the eharterhiL'- of a Fiut. d States ... \‘ , • •
h:;i:K. IntCTjial I].'i|>roveni«'n:s }»y tlie F.-der li CJov ** ^ - t-nd'nc\
p ‘ ' ’ '
of the particular ennmenition which mn:» >varilv ex
plains, and limit.s the tr» tieral phras. s. and to a? to
ci'iisuhdat* th'.- .Stat' ? by d'-L’T*'' s. into on*- sovt-rei'Ti-
»:aik. interjial hiii.rovem.-i,:s }.v tlie Federal Gov-J • T" an i in^-vitable r.-.^tih of
^rnnu nr. a r.'\ival oftlu- 'I'ariti System, and the n.-w | woui.l be. to transform thf pn.seiit Republi-
.It.r;d .scheme of t);e Gem'ral Govmimeut a^.-um- | system of the United Statt-s. into an abs^ dute. or
.v_ ; > . . I ^ inix.,-d monarchy.
I hat the rJt iK-ral A.^sembly dutli particularly pro
test aa'ain.'t the palpable and aJarmino’ infractions of
the Constitmion. in the two late cas-s of tlie •• Alien
an-i Se^litiLii Act.s.^’ pa.x-^.-d at the la>-^si.-n of Gon-
irr.'S^; the first of whicli exercis-.s a power no where
‘'eleirat.-d to the Fedvral (iov.-rntnent, and whicli by
I
.•nL' to )>ay to forLij-n mon. y clianijcrs thr tiro hioi-
d~>d / ill; iiui if do'ltirs. hvVl'jWi \ b\ a lew .State?
*.'‘T local jn;rpos>-^.
As a qia-.-'tion of' ’’ai iiupor'ancr to th*^ South.
iTid on*- AS hii'h. IroL. var!ous c-'.-ises. is evcrv day
-i more nion..-ntnus and awtu! ;i^j>eet, th'.-
-b TFt.iii; fo ill ijot tall to ke»‘p it^ readers r.'iruiarly
acrui- iti ly ailvi.sed of tlie movement
of tin
.^-r:.i.-rn Abo!mom.ts. I: nmst be evid.-nt to all unitinir leiri^lative and judicial powers to thov^ of t x-
fi,I subvert.- the treneral }>rincij)les of free Gov-
-t. I "•?“ and
r n.n-e,i ular.-ai.t, l.-nd our humbie ai-1 to assist ' I 'he Federal (. oiistitution , and
in awa.-;^ ni’i;^^ the People of th»- South tu due viij-i- f 01 which acts, exerci>es in lik* manner, a
K^nro 'ind a .■'ense ol th* ir re-*l dancT-i r. ^ j not d* 1. u’’at' d by the Oonstitution. but on th'*
AYiia* a portion of the rohmm.s ol'the JeiIer:oniaR 1 contrary. expre.->ly and po.sitively iorbidd* n by one
^lil je (:ev..t.-d to political discussion, the iTuat inte- ' of the amendments thereto: a power, which, 'more
r’ e MrcMvNn-^\”pT i produce universil alarm
m«>: «--.»«n.h,. of fr,.dy™;
ipniitity ho-ht r, a;linL'. -'i,- K,lit,,A'.p,-t t,> n-aje.-' ‘y""""" chara.'trr, and in .i.-'iics, and of frto
tis •‘ji. r! a^^ree-.ible and i*rolltable to all cl;u^.-v8 in has
V- , . ' '’“Iv ell.-ctital -ruardian
I>aper. postacr^- p'jtd, addressed to
t!.t- •• Editor ol the Jeflersonian. Charlotte, X. C..*'
V, :il be jiroinptly com])]ied with.
^ 1 '‘>tniast‘'-rs are refjue-steil to net as Airents for
x.>e j ap. r. m recci% inir and ibrwarding the iian:e.s o}
,a:ir).‘>crihers and their subscnptiotis.
T *i* Terms of the paper will be tound above.
r- 1 M AT HAMPTO.N.
* luincj.l^'. TvTarch 5.
.f('u.‘nc cficd.
M
ot every other rio'ht
u*‘*'= C-' invoiition, which
ratihed the I- ederal Constitution, expressly de*clare-il
that among other essentia] riirhts. ” the lib. rty of
conscience and the press cannot be caiicilkif. a-
biidirci. re;^raine(l. or inodihed by any authority of
the L mt.M Stat.-s.'’ and from its extreme anxiety to
2^iard tht.se vii:ht.'5 from every possible attack of ^o-
phblry and ambition, havin:: with other Stat* s. re
commend-d an amendment for that purpose, which
amendmr-nt was. in due time, annexed to the Consti-
IIAMPTOX-v: Q I 1 r t •• ^'J^ion. it would mark a reproachful inconsi.vt* ncy.
the nnrius. tlius declar.-d and .-.cured; and to tlie e^=-
tabh-hment ol a precedent which may be fatal to the
other.
That the cood peopl.- of tins T’ommonwealth.
aMng e^er felt, and continuino-to feel the ino.^t
^incere affection lor their br(-thren of the other States:
loth ultimo. She will eive lesson.s at her residence,
nearly oppositp and very convenient to the Female
Academy, on the lollovtino" terms :
P‘r S^^^ion of fiT-c months, in advnnrf ^16
end of tScss. 'JO
Mrs. H. hope>. irom her exp. rieticc in teachin£r.
and I.y nnrrnmring a.u-mion m .lu- hnprov.mc.", if the tn.c^« an.xicv for taaUiS nn^ne m
SVcr-iSLf ’
^ VT, ‘ “ T"; of inumal
Cabinet of 3Iineral« for Sale.
undersig-ned, a.? Administrator of the late
X Docf. Au.stin, oilers for sale the valuable CAB
INET of MINERALS belong-ing- to the Estate of
the deceased. A considerable portion of the collec-
-on wap made by Doct. Austin himselt' with much
ynd princi^lly consist? of Gold, Silver. Cop-
^“R. and Lead Ores, in their various naniral combi-
^■’nonc. sciceted from the mineral regions of this
^ '-i-try. besides a number obtained from Europe.—
^ ‘^htiiic trentlenien. or literary instimtions wishing-
cair!-*^^/‘‘\'’ 0*' ^he Cabinet,
under-^^ ’*‘rther information, on application to the
Salisb'-^- ^ K. WHEELER, Admr.
^-^'' r^cc. 4. 1S4L ' 1—F
Apprentices Wanted.
of atr,^^^^jn BOYS, from 12 to 16 years
ct's to the PrimintT Office as Apprenti-
^ ojiid be prcferr.^ Boys Irom the country
f'tmily. a,^(j » p^'-y will board in the Editors
^nd intellectual paid to their moral
' '’H'ertr.n.^^ ^f'chanical improvement.
' • - - ^ r.ar.ott''
J { Ol muuiai
. ndJnp. and instrument of mutual happiness-
Hie General Assembly doth solenmly appe.Zo the
like dir^positions m the other States, inconhdence that
they will concur with this Commonwealth, in de-
clarinir, as it does hereby declare, that the acts afore
said are unconstitutionaland. that the necessary
and proper measures will be taken % each for^ co
operation w’iththis State-, in maintainiri£nmimpaired
the authorities, ri^^hts and liberties, reserved to the
States respectively, or to the People.
That the Governor be desired to transmit a copy
of the foreq-oing resolutions to the Executive author
ity of each of the other States, with a request that
the same may be communicated to the Legislature
thereof,^ and that a copy may be furnished to each
of the Senators and Reprc'sentatives, representing^
this State in the Congress of the Unite-d States. °
Attest, JOHN STEWART.
179S. Dec. 24th. AtTeed to hv the Senate.
II. BROOKE.
A true copy from the original, deposited in the of
fice of the General Assembly.
JOHN STEWART, Ke»-per of the RoIIf.
Extracts from the Addr.,s6 to the People, which ac
companied the forc^ing Resolutions.
Fellow-Citizexs : Unwilling to shrink from
our rej»re.sentative respe»nsibilitirs."conscious of the
purity of our motives, but acknowleaiging' your
right to supervise our oviduct, we invite your'seri-
ous attention to the emergency which dictated the
suojoiiu d rt*solutions.—WhiFt we disdain to alarm
\ ou with ill-founded j^iflou.^ies. we^ recommeiid an
investigation guided by ihe coohi.-ss of wisdom, aJid
a deci>ion bottomed ou nrmn* ts, bu! temper'.d wiili
moderation.
^ It would be perfidious ii^ those entru.stcd w itli tlie
Civiirdid?iship of the Stite ^'^ovt'reiutity- and acMncr
under the solemn obligation of the f(.>liowing oath:
** 1 do swi'ar tliat 1 will suppon thf- Constitution of
th'^ United States, ’ not to warn you of t-ncroach-
meiit.>. which though clothed with the pretext of ne
cessity, or disguised by arg^umenta of expcdi. ncy.
may yet establish prcctileiits. which nuiy uhiinat'.‘iy
devote a generous and imsuspicious people to all the
consequences of usurped power.
Encreiachments springing from a goverruncnt,
whose Organization ^&nnot be maintained icithovt
tht co-opcration of the States, Airnish the .siroiii'-.-.st
excitements upon the State Legislatures to watchful-
ne*ss, and impc>se upon them the strontrest obligation.
to preserve unimpaired the line of partition^
1 he acquies* nee ol tht- States uiidor infractions of
the Fttie-ral Compact, would either beget a speedy
consolidation, by precipitating the State Ciovern-
meiits into impotency and contempt, or prepare the
Way for a revolution, by a repetition of these infrac
tions. until the peopk* ar.* arousetl to aj)j)* ar in the
maj. sty of tluir >trt nirt!i. it i^ to avoid these ca
lamities that We exhibit to tin- peopl'-. the moinent-
ems questit.'ii. w h. th. r th* - Constitution of the Unit-.d
M.Ues.'haH yi'-M to a construction, which deti.-s ev.--
ry restraint, and overwhelir;s the be:^t hopes of Ue-
publicaiusm.
Exhorutions tu disre_:ard domestic usurpation,
until loreioii daiig- r ihall have pjist. is an artifice
which may U forever used: because the possts.'^ors
ot pow* r. \vho are the adv.x:ate,s for it^ extension,
can t ver create national ♦ mbarras.smentr, to be^uc-
Cissively employed to s\>oth the people into sleep,
whilst tiiat power is ^welhn£^. bilfntly^ secretly, and
fatally. (. »t the sam.- character arc in^inuatitins of a
tbrtiirn iniluence, which seize upon a laudiible en
thusiasm against dang«-r from abroad, and distort it
b\ an unnatural application, so as to blind vour cvt-s
against danTor at home.
1 he ^edition Act pre*scnt5 a scene which was
n* Ver exj)ec:ui by the ra.rly friends of the Consti
tution. It was then admiU 'tl, that the State sovereiLni-
ties wt-r*.* only diminished, by powers specifically
enujueratC'd. or ne'Ctssary ’o carry* the spt.-cirioi po\v-
ers into Xgyy nJ »*ini>oriiy is d('«luCKl
from implication. ajiTfiv^ rtic t x’>tonc(- of State law*,
it is inlerr».-d. that C'ongrtss posse.ses a similar pow
er ot leL’^;>lation; w hence Cumrrcss will Ih; endowed
with a power of l#-riiilation, iix all cai-ey whatsot ver,
and the St it. s will be stript of every rijrht res.-rvtd
by concurr. nt claims of u [Kiramount Leirislature
I he Sedition Act i> th* olisprinL'' of th* se tri in.-n-
dous i)retcnsioiis. %\ hich inflict a d*-ath-wotini e»nthe
sovereignty of the States.
tor the honor of Anierican unif•r^^a!^:iin(:. we
ill not Ih-]!., Vf. that ih*.“ p. ojil*' ha^■e i«.'(.-n allured
into the ade*])tion ot th* (_ on'';ituiu»ri, bv an atiec-
tation of d. finiiiL’- powers, whii.-t th-- yreainhU would
admit a construction. wh:ch wouM er.ot the will of
 'oiiLness i^ito a powt r paramount in all cases, and
th* retore limit*-d in non*. (>n tlie C'>ntr;irv, it is
vid* nt tiiat the obj.'cts lor which the (i’onstitution
was torin. d were deem*d attaiiuble only by a par
ticular ?num*-'ration and sp* cilication ot each powe r
errant*tl to the F'.^ieral -iov* rnment; r(rvin■j’:i 11
I others to the people, or t** th* Stat. .V An 1 y. t it is
j in vain wt search tor any sp. ciiie-d ]>ow* r. embracimj
the right of 1* Ln^lation agaij:>t the freedom e*f th*
])ress.
Had the States }>v. n d*'pt)il. d of th- ir sovereiim-
ty by ihf^g. nerality of th*- pr* :imbl.-. and had Th*'
Federal Gf»virnment be* a en loweti with what*>v* r
they should judL'e to b*- in.'trum* ntal towards the
union, justice, trampiillity. coir»’non defence, Lreneral
wcltare. and the pr.-M-rvation of lib* rty. nothin::
could have been mure f.'ivol..)U.s ihiUi an enumera
tion of powers.
All the preceding ari?”nnents arising" from a de
ficiency ol constitutional pe>w* r in Congress, apply
to the .ilien .Vet. and ilii. act is liable to other ob
jections pe-culiar to itsf If If a suspicion that aliens
are dangerous, constitute the justification of that
])Ower exe rcise-d ove^rthem by Ce>ngress. then a simi
lar suspicion will justify the exercise of a similar
powe-r over natives. Because there is nothinfr in
the Constitution distinguishingbetween tlie power of
a State to pe rmit the residence of natives and aliens.
It IS, therefore, a right originally po.«tsessed, and
never surrendered bylhe r( spe ctive States, and which
is rendered dear and valuable to Virginia, be'cause it
is assailed through the bosom of the Constitution,
and because her pe'Culiar situation renders the e■a^y
admission of ailizans and laborers an interest of vast
importance.
But this bill contains other f.-aturcs, still more
alarming and dangerous. It di^penses with the trial
by jury ; it violates the judicial system; it confounds
legislative, executive, and judicial j)owers; it punish
es without trial; and it be.st*5ws upon the President
de.spotic power over a numerous class of men. Are
such measures consistent with our constitutional
principles ? And \till an acrumulation of power so
extensive, in the hands of the Executive, over aliens,
secure to natives the blessings of Repubhcan liberty ?
If measures can mould Governments, and if an
imcontrolled power of construction, is surrendered
to those "vvho administer them, their procuress may
be easily foreseen and their eiKl easily foretold. A
lover of monarchy, who opens the treasure-s of cor
ruption, by distributing emolument among devoted
I^nizans, may at the same time be approaching his
^ject. and deluding the people with professions of
Republicaaism. He may confound Monarchy and
Reptibhcanism by the art of definition. He may
varnish over the dexterity w hich ambition never
^ with the pliancy of language, the
seduction of expediency, or the prejudices of the
tunes. And he may come at lenirth to avow, that
so extensive a territorj' as that of the U. S., can only
be governed by the energies of monarchy; that it
c^not be defended, except bv standing armies; and
that It ramot be united, except bv f^n^>li'ia»-^-
iMeasures hav.* already been adopted, which may the press may be abridged without k-sse-nino- their
lead to these c^-nscquences. The y consist useful freedoin, and how far those abuses whicli can-
lii fiscal systems and arrangements, which keep not be separated from their use. should be tolerat.d
Jtn host of conunercial and wealthy individuals, em- rather than the use be de stroyed : and thus also, they
boilied and obeIi.. nt to the mandates of tht 'Treasury.
In armies and navie-s, which will, on the one
guarded ag-ainst all abridgment by the U. S. of tlie’
freedom of religious opiiiion and exerci.ses. and re-
hand, enlist the tendency of man to pay homage to tained to themselves the riirht of prot.ding thesajno,
his fillow-creature who can feed or honor him: and as this State by a law* passed on the tf. neral d. mand
on the other, eiiqdoy the principle of tear, by punish- o^ its citizens', had already prrjt..-cted them from all
ing ima2"in;iry insurrections, under the pretext of human restraint or interference: And that in ad*-litie»n
pre\entn e justice. to this gene ral principle ami express d* cLaraiton,
In swarmsejl oificers. civil aiid military, who can another and more special provisieai has been mad-.*
incaLate polliical tenets t* nding to consohdatieju and by one of the nmriuhrie'nts to the Constitution, whicli
me^narchy, both by indultre-nciL-s and .severites, and expre-s.dy dechr*js. that ” Cuultos shall make no
can act as spi.s over the tree exercise ot human ' law* respectini.^ an establishment of relir^ion. or pr^.>-
reason vn.:.:.. r... •. ■ v,
In re-straininLr the fre *,.-.lom of the pr( s^, and in-
vestino' the Executive with leiri-slativr. executive,
and judicial powers, over a numerous b.xly of men.
And, that we may shorten ilie catalogue, in e-s-
liibiting the free exercise thereot'. or abridging th^
freedom of speech, or of the pr ^s.'* thereby guard
ing in tlie same se ntence. and unde r the same \vonIs,
the freedom of r liirion. of speech, and of the press,
iiisomuch. that whatever '\ iolat._s either, tljrow'S'lowu
• I.--, ..A* 11. UKii. wiiiiL'jx. i \ jojcU..s . iiii.-i, ujrou
tabli^hing by successive prece-deiits such a m'jde ol ^ the sanctuary which covers the others, and that libels,
cons’tiuing the Constitution, as will rapidly remove j talsehoexis. and delamatir-n. eejually with heresy and
all restraint upon federal power. j false r* hgion. are v.*iihlu'ld trom the cognizance ot
L-t hi.-^tory be c>nsult.d; I*'t the man of experi- ' F.dcral tribunals; That therefore the act of th.'
( lice re ll* ct; nay. ] t the aiiificeis of monarchy be i Con::ress of the U. S. passed on the 14th day of
aske«l. what laither materials they can need lor i July 1T'J>. entitle-l ••an act. in addition to the act,
building’ up their lavorit*- sy?t« m i | f^r the- jiuaishm. ni of ceitain crimes acrainst the
1 h.>" are sol*-mn. but jiainful truths; and y.-t ■ U. S." which do* s abri Ig* the fie.dom of th“ prc-ss,
We recoiiiineiiii it to you. not lo loriret ih*- posMbiiiiy i net i w. biit is : hoi,'’, iher void and of no ♦ tfect
of dang* r fr«)m \v;jhout. althoULfh lan^r. r thi*at( ns : \ R-^s-.dvt l. That aii* n friends are und.'r tlir ju-
u.-'fiom w ithin. I surpati'tn is iiiilet il di * a liul: but • ri'lic*.i; i; and protect!'ai of th*' laws c»f the Sta*^
aur.iiust lor* i'_rn in^a.sion. if that should happen, l-t ; wh' rein tiiev are; the.t no j>ow. r ov* r th.-m has
Us rise- witli lieaiis and hands united, and re j)e-l the ; b* en (b It L'ated to the U. S. nor prohibit* d to tlie iu-
.iitack w ith the Z‘al ot Ireem'.n. wdio will ^tr. nu1h••n | dividual States distinct from th. ir power ov* r cin*
th* ir till*- te>. x imin*- and corr* et ti*.ini* .tic measures, ; z* ns: and it b* ing true as a g* neral princijd'^. and
.i\ ha\ iiiif d'. nd* d the-ir c 'Uiitiy against loreign e.n*-of tne ame-nim* nts t*j th*-institution ha\ing a!-
’ • S(» d dart d. that ••the pow» rs not d* l*^'-at. d to th*-
1 le-do-.-d as w»‘' ar». tell ^w'-citiz* ns. to tii.-se .sacre*! j U S. by th*. Constitutieiii. irT prohibit'd by it tothe>
en£Ta[.'’eme-nts, ^ye y* t iiumMy an ! i. r%* iitly implore ^ Siat-.s. ar*- r'-Scrv'd to the State-s r* spectiv. Iv. f*r t'>
tile Ahiiighty Oispos* r ed evi nts. t*j av* rt tre>m e)ur ' th-- Peo]d’ ,'' th^‘ act of tlie Conor* ss '>f th. U S.
land war and ii.-'Urpa’iiii. the sjouriT'-' ft mankind. ' p;t>s* d on tii* day eif June. 170'^, rntilkd “an
to permit our fie Ik t» be culti\ai* d in p*-ace ; to in- , act concerning ali* ns. ' whieh assum* .s pow-r '■^v-t
stil into n.itii'-ns the- iove-ol iri. ndly int. rcours*-; tOjali-.n f:i- ndsuot (b-l* gated by the t 'ons-titution, i:-*
.sufier our youth to b- e*ducate-d in virtut. and te> not law. but is al: >g-.ther voi*i an*! of nj fe>rce.
preNT»e c»ur morality from the pollution.^ invarialdy j 5. Resolved. Tliat in additietii to the gi neral priri-
mcid.nt to luibils of war; to prevent the laborer anl ; cipk- as well as the expre-.^s declaration, tluat pow. r
m^.)Jn man Irom beinsf harra^s- 1 l y t;ixes and im- | not del* o-at. d are reserv.-d. another and mor' sj>'ciji
po.v^, to remo\c trom ambition th*-ineans ol dis-! provisie.n inserted in th*-Constitution from abumliHt
ur tmjr tlie . ennmonw ealth ; tu annihilate all pre- | caution has d*.clared, ‘-that the migration or iinror-
ex or power aiiord*.(l by war: tj rnaintain ’ii*- ■ f;ti-n of such p- rsons as any of the States now o\-
on^tltutlon. and. to be ssc)ur nation with tranfjuilli- : i:^!iu;J thall think proper to admit, shall not be pr>.*-
tv, under wiiose benr^i infiucnce we may reach : ihibit d by the Congr. ss prior to the y*.^ar >■
the summit of happm-. ss and glory, to wliich wc ' I'I.ar this'Commonwe-ahli d.x-s admit the migiatioo.
; ('I ah-, n Inends d.-scriU d as the subj. ct e»f the saul
I act concerninir ali* ns : that a provision ag-ainsi pr>t-
hibitiiig their mijjrutioii, is u provision against all
I acts eiuivak nt thereto, or it would be nug-atory: that
A true ropy from the origin.d, deposited ;:i the of- ! t‘ nioye tliem wh.-n migrated, is e*epiivale'nt to a
j prohibition of th. ir migratie>n. and is therefore con-
, t.-ary to the said provision ol the Constitution, an^t
v-dd.
I G. R'soh'cd. That the impi isonin.^nt of a peisr’?!
I uii l* r the protection of the laws ol th?s CVmnion-
ty, und'-r wiiose beni'-Tii infiucnce
the summit of happin-.ss and gloi.. ...
are distined by and n.itur/s God
Attest, JOHN STE1VART. C. II. D.
1798. Jan. 23d. Agreed to by tlie St-nate.
li- DHOOK. C. S.
w
ficc of the GcniT.il A.-Jsemblv.
J^^IIN STE\\ ART. Kee-]HT of the Rolk
ot amdi'nr.' nts tiu-nt'>. th* v constituted a C^ene-ral i
CJov. rnm* nt for sp* cial p;u:poses. deh g-ated to that i pufdio tri
(iovernm* nt c* rtain d* finite j-owers. reSe-rvin£r eacii j agaiiL: h
KENTUCKY LEGISLATURE.
In Vie Ifuuse vf J\eprr.-entu!ire'f, ,\jr. 10. ITf»t. _ _
The House according to th* standiio.-ord. r of the : lailure to obey the simple orjfr of
day, resolv* d its- It into a Committc- of the AVliol*-. | Pi't-sid* nt, to *I*-pait out of the Unittd Stat* .s.
on the state of the Commonwealth, Mr Caldwell in ; »iHlertak*n by the s,ud act. entitl*'-d -an act con-
the ch.iir.^ | c*-ining aliens. ’ is cemtrary toth*' (.’on.'titution. e'lie
And after som.-* time spent ther.dn. the Speaker ! nt to wdiich has pi'ovid*tl. that --no p*rs i>
j resinn'd the- chair, and Air (_’aldwe]l re*pe>rted. that ' •*' p'ived of liberty without d ie proc* >s cf
th* /*.:nmittee had. accordincr to onb r. ha*l under i • ' that another ha\ing-provided, ••thati*.
consfd- ratie>n the ( iove rnor's addres.'. aii'l had com*- | criminal pros*.cu:i(ms. the accu.-^.d :thallenj.*v thC'
to th- tollowing re-S(duti■■)n^ thereupon, which he d>- f public trial by :ui impaiti.d juey. to I
livcred in at the Clerk s table, where th*.v were | cauv ef th* ac-usnion,
twice read and airn-. d to by th*j House. " | c*.-nt'rontcd with the witnesses against hi.n.
I Rfst'lred. 1 hat tlie Several States compo>inij' * Compuke'^ry process? f^r o^4aiiiing w unss's in.
tile T n-ted Stat* s ot .Vmerica. are not unii*.d e>n th* , t ^veir. an-I to have the assist;aice of coims“l fjT
])rinc!ple ol unlimited submission to their General ' d-knce."' the same act unde itakin:^ to author-
 lovernm* nt. liut th;it by compact under the .^tyle i to rmove a p..-rson out of the L'
and t:tk-ot a 'oiis-titutien lor the Unit' d States, and , '‘‘ho is uid- r the- protiction of the law. .Ti.
ot amdi'hr.' nts the-nt'>. th* v constituted a General i '' i^hout accu^aIion. without ji;,v,
pufdio tii;il. without c>*nfront;i:i' n of ih»-
j ' agaiiL-^: him. without having witii'S'-,s i.n
Stato to its* If. th* r*-;i'iuary mass of rio-ht to their : 1^'or. wiihout d*Lf*.nce', without couns* 1. is con-
own se lf-irovernn;e-nt; an-lthat whensoe ver the Ci.-n- ^^ary to these provisions also of the Constitution, is
e ral CiovLrnm'lit assumes undele^’Ttted powers, its -^ht relore not law, )>ut utteily void and of no force-
acts'are unauthoritative. void, and of no force; ' -^’hat transfer ring the power of iudi^rji-.^ ^^y per-
'That to tliis compact eacli Stat*- acced* d as a Statv. i i- mi-kr the pr. le-ctiem of the laws' iVon^
and is an inte'-^ral party, it,' co-Slates forniin,'- as to j to the Presid* nt of the Unite-:! Staie.s. as
its* ll. the-e»tht r party: 'Tliat the Government creat- ' un*Jertaken by the same act, concerning .^litn.^, i^
td }ty this compact was not made the exclusive or . the article of the Constitution, which pr*>
final of the ext. nt of the powe rs del- L'‘ itee} to ' '• the judicial jvjwer of the United .'''tat(^:.
itself; shice that would have made its discretion, ani , Courts*, the Judges of which shall'
nen the Constitution, the m* asure of its powers: but their oliic' S during gO(jd behaviour,*' and t’r;t
that as in all c>ther cas* s of comjwct ame>na- jiarties ; tor that rea.se>n also : and it
having no common judge, each jxirty has an equal , noted, that this transfrci Judiciary
rii:ht to juds-e for itself, as well of intractiems, as of j po^'^T is to that marristrate of the G* n* ral Govern-
the mede and measure of redress. j "'ho already ]>ossess* s all the Ex* cutive, and 'x
2. Risolved. That the (Constitution of the United I 1 ne gative on all tiie L* gislative p 'w^rs
States having dclegat.d to Conirress a pow*e-r to pun-' '* R''sol red. That the ce»nstruction Hppli-dby
ish treason, count, rleitiufr the- securitie-s and current ' ^ general Cn.ivernment. *'as i.-; evi-knce-*: by’sundry
Coin of the U. S . piracies and felonies committed j their proce edings.) to tliose pans of tlie V'onsrl-
on the hii:h seas, and oflences acrainst the laws of] ttition of the L nited Surie-s which delegate to (..’on-
nations, and no other crimes whatever, and it being j ^ power to lay and colk-ct taxes\ duti* s. im-
true as a creneral principle, and one of the amend- I excise: to pay the debts, and provide for
mentsto the Constitution havinn-also declared, -that i common defence ami general w * Ifare of the U
♦ K--. 1 ... - .1^. 1 ni . ...
the powers not delegated to the U. S. by the Consti
tution. nor prohibited by it to the States.'are reserred
to the States respectively, or to the peojilethere-
lore". also the same act of Congress, passed on the
Mth day of July. 1798, and entitbd -an act. in ad-
5'tate s. and to make all laws w hich .hall be- nex'e.«s-
ary and prop.-r lor carrying into execution the pow
ers v.^,‘5ted by the Constitution in the Government ol
the L nited States, or any de-partmme-nt thereof, go*-s
to the de struction ol all the limits prescribed to their
- .... — , uii av,i. jii au- ' *"'' iiic- pxe•^c^^oeel 10 ineij
dition to the act entitled an act for the punishment pO"'tf hy the Constitution. That Avords meant by
of certain crimes againstthe L^. S.as also the act ] instrument to b*j subsidiary only to the execu-
{wsscd by them on the 27th day of June. 179S. en- limite-el powers, ought not to be so con
titled •' an act. to punish frauds committed on the
Bank of the U S . ’ (and all other acts which as
sume to create’, define, or punish crimes oth r than
th(^ e-mnnerated in the Constitution.) are altogether
void and ot no force, and that the-power to create,
define, and punish such other crimes is reserved,
and of right, appertains solely and exclusively to
the respective States, each within its own teTritory.
3. Resolved^ 'Tliat it is true as a general princi
ple, and is also expressly declared by one of the
amendments to the Con.'^itution, *• that the powers
not delegated to the U. S. by the Constitution, nor
strued as themselves to g^ive unlimited powers, nor
taken, as to de.stroj* the whoh* re-sidue
c)f the instrument: I hat the preK^e-edings of thft
General Government unde-r color of thes' articles,
w ill be- a fit and necessary subject for re visal ai'd
correction at a time of gre*att-r tranquillity, while
those spL-cified in the preceding re-se»lutions, call for
immediate redre ss.
8. Resolved. That the prece-ding resolutions b*';
transmitted to the Senators and Represt/ntativ.-s in
Congre-ss from this ComnK»nwealth. who are here
by enjoined to present the srime to their respective
— . V.v7ixoiiiuij»»ii. ilur J iiir i\j iiit'ir rt>pi‘CTiv^
prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the House*s, and to use their best endeavors to procure
States re-spe ctively, or to the Pe^ople; ’ and tliat no
power over the freedom of religion, freedom of
speech, or freedom of the press, being delegated to
the U. S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to
the State-s, all lawful pow*ers respecting the same
did of right remain, and w*ere rt-served to the State-s,
or to the pe*ople: That thus w*as manife^ed their
determination to retain to themsedve*s the right of
at the next session of Congre*ss, a repeal of the
aforesaid unconstitutional and obnoxious acts.
9. Resolved, lastly. That the Governor of this
Commonwealth be, and is here by authoriz.d and
reque*sted to communicate the pre*ceding resolutions
to the Lf'gislatures of the several States; to assun*
thern that this Commonwealth considers Union for
specified National ptirpose-s, and particulHfly tor
:.dging ho.- th. liccitiousi.^^ of sjxvceh 2nd of I thos*^ sp^c^M ir.