iXOiU.
“ 77ic )X)wc
VOLU:\IE 2, S
may be resumeJ by them, whenever perverted to their injury or op'pression?^—Madison.
CHARLOTTE, N. C., DECEMBER 20, 1842.
KDITEn, A\D l^UHLISIIED WEFJCLY, B\
■ =• w- s »• X "• c:«
{NUMBER 91.
T K li 31 s :
n ' M..'.!enburi' Jl/^' rs J,:)an” id pubiisiud vvoi.klc, at
- :n4- f)oll(i7X a>:(/ AV'/y if in arlviim;*-; or 'I'hrec
;7ar>>', if ii'-^r jfii'i I»‘'f'>r-! ih'.* 'wjiirnfion if thrke moxthb
r ?ii the liiu'; uf sul->iTibir> r. pt r.^uii who will procure
X uVv-.‘ iif.'cr.s ait.i i»ccoiUf r- spon.'^ihle for their suhscriptioiis,
ri.s
expressed ,n clifTerent words; and I therefore felt it
to be rny duty du.tmctiv to declare, in my annual
•>Ie..age to Congress that no such concession cou.'d
u-,1 I'U'’ K r‘'‘ >'=“1 both the
iind the ability to enfoice their own laws and
viiull!-'' r‘ ‘i n ? oi- purpos.s
_>Uioliyfui bidden by those laws, ar^d obnoxioSs to
the moial censure of the vvorM.
ernment of Mexico should not find ifself i
tion to make prtsent payment of i
awards, in specie or its equivalent.
. • I ^ Taking tiie Mes
sage us his letter of instructions, our then Minister
r: 1.1 hav- a r.,py of ih-,' i.ajM’r -r.ifis; -or, a dub of tui sub- ‘ ^n’mself required to assume the same
rtin r.s inuy have tlic paper our y^ur fur 7Vc/i/i^//oZ/u "^ ;:i; ^ remonstrancu which he felt it to be
V infp.
T will be •li.sconnuiK'd while the sri]>.‘;rrib': r ow
rs anv
liis duty to present to Al. Guizot, and through him
to the King of the French, against ’ '
hail keep afloat in the Af
rican seas a force of not less than
I am happy to be able to say that infornialion
which is esteemed favorable, both to u just satisfac
tion of‘’--
other
Thomp
has promptly
tions of his Government in regard to this injpor
tant subject.
k ' . of the United States wlio accompa-
what has been | nied the late Texmn expeditii n to Santa Fe and
who were wrongfully taken a-rd held as prisoners
of war in Alexico, tiav’e all b^^'^'ii liberated.
A coilespondence has taktn place between the
Department of State and the Mexican Minister of
b oreign ./Vilairs, upon tho complaint of Mrxico that
e ght guns, to act i citizens of the United States wore permitted to ijive
nauuants of 1 exa-s m the war existing
□ nd that repuT>iic. Copies of this cor-
&re herewith communicated to Con-
mouid not nnUifself m a condi-'beneficial in countries where it has been adopted. I drawn from thp o i ^
Hr.t and proprietor, than uS[he prLent’sys“tem^^^^
most prominent efTect which it would pioduce, would
be to protect the market alike against redundant or
deficient supplies ot' foreign fabrics; both of which,
Ut lipijll *'• lilt C'flDlls). A il
who aiiv( rf;.si; Ijy the v ar.
■r.'il lii.-^eouii
Advertihienicn
^ :ge has been fully maintained, at the same time the
. ;..a I;e I . pulatioiis 0 the treaty of Ghent are to be carried
r P'iS! •-at; :ii, uiu:,t be mark. .1 with the nuiuber of iu^^er- ' countries, and that all
K sueM, or thi y w;ll be puoUshcd uuul furb:d uud char- j removed for interference with our com-
purpose whatever, by a forei^rn Go
vernment. While, therefore, the United S:at?s have
been standing up for the freedom of the seas they
have not thought proper to make that a pretext for
avoiding ft lulfilment of their treaty stipulations, or
a gioiind for giviijg countenance to a trade reproba-
V simiiur arrangement by the
reguiate himself accordingly. It', however, he should
fall into error, by importmg an excess above the pub
lic wantis^ he could readily correct its evils by avail
ing himself of the benefits and advantages of the
system thus established. In the' storehouse, the
goods imported would await the demands of the
market; and their issues would be governed by the
fixed principles of demand and supply. Thus an
approximation would be made to a shadiness and
umlbrmity of price, which, if attainabki, would con
duce to the deciiied advantage of mercantile and
mechanical operations.
The apprehension may be well entertained, that,
wiilioui something to amelioralQ Ji\§^ rigor of cash
payments, the entire import tra^e-ii^|r Jail into the
luuuls ot a !ew wealthy cajjitalislis In this country
by the American Minister aua'ihe' MJx'i^n’s:^;:' alluve monc.fi.elm
_ with copies ut letters on the same
subject, addressed to the diplonritic corps at Mexico,
. f :tu rs to the I.ditor, unless containing money m
/■ii- Dtnlirs, or ovt r, mu.-;t come free «jf j)o.sta^fe, c.
•unt paid at -h--oIIk-c li re will be charged to the writer
i I v-;ry mstane-', and collected as other accounts.
sums
or the
ciuajii juc-muj
^ix*.sidC2it 31 ii^ e.
ted by
other
our laws.
lexico has thought proper to reciprocate the
iion of the United States to that Government bv
tary of State
Mex
mission oi me united States to that Government, by
accrediting to this a minister of the same rank a^
that of the representative of the Uuited States in
Mox;co. From the circumstances connected with
this mission, favorable results are anticipated from
it. It is so obviously for the interest of both coun-
Si'uate avil llousf- of
ilcpr‘'nitafi.^-r. of the Un'tlcl State
vVo hav^; Ci>iiiinu( d rf a. iti to cKprvjs our
)und
I other o-reat nowers coiil.l nnf ^ r 1 neighbors and friends, that all just causes of
oceau^he s^ivp tmd rh . mutual dissatisfaction should be removed, that it is
! nfi e wririS^^ i'» ^e hoped neither will omit or delay th^ employ
: m V bTn ‘ Z ,0 o..e V a>“J honorable means to 1
i li , example thus set
- ! ui.l be followed by some, if not all of them. We
graiituJ.. to the gr. «t Creator of ail ih.iigs ■ th. ieby also afford suitable protection loathe fa'ir
r i si;ss';-tijsS | ;=r
speak o! i-s l„.xi,rie>, abound it u ou'd have furnished additional c^use for con- Iries."
‘ -r nu;iiberl- .-s b»m iifs c iift rrcd upon us as a peo- j radcr
- ’=‘. INfSStd with genial seasons, the husband
’.as !iis garners filLil wi
••-ari^s of life, not to
;'i very dirct'lioii. W^hil^* i;i other nati'c.is
’*-ady and indusLri -:is i il.'or c-in hardly find th(;
.:-aiis of subsisUnce, the wreat.^-l evil whicii we
to rncoimler is a &ur},dtj>- (if pin.lu.'ticMi boyond
iij;- hom^' dwnnnd. which serk^, and with 'Imiculiy
: adji, a paitial marke t in oth. r reoion.s. Tiie h» alth
■-'I ?h^ c.;tni(ry, wiifi partial ■ xct ptK;n.'^, ha.s (or the
^ i^t y ■ ■■
in those seas; thus fulfilling at the san
, , con
gratulation, if the treaty could have embraced all
iiiuj'cts calculated in future to lead to a misunder-
a uidifi:^r be i\v(‘( n thr* two (.Tovernments. The ter
ritory ot the United States, commonly called the
Oi-egon 'i'eri itory, iymg on the Pacific ocean, north
of the f(.rty-S(Cond d.grce of latitude, to a portion
i f svhich Gr« at ‘ ’ , . . *
complish tiiat end.
The aOairs pending between this Government
^ and several others of the States of this hemisphere
le I formerly under the dominion of Spain, have again,
been materially obstructed by
olulions and conflicts in those coun
tries.
The ratificaliop.s of the treaty between the United
Stales and the Republic of Ecuador, of the loth of
June, 1839, have been exchanged, and that instru
ment has been duly proiriulgated on the pan of this
Governmeiit. Copies are now communicnted to
C.ongr«.“SS, vvith a view to enable that body to make
and who can but ill
would liav'c to subduct
funds, in order to pay the
interest upon the amount
the goods might renjainu
his profits. The rich ca
at home, would thus posses.:
almost exchjsjye monopoly, iir
laws desigQlalviSMLibe ‘
rate fbr th'
congenial spirit^
itS' i
J(^est dirty,
jpf his
StBort tinrft* sat
mi-
enable t» watc* the
for offering his
Uon ot the carrying
nefitof drawback,
ij|^cted, without the
relieve the, cash sys-
would a^ord that
a safe recourse
without ad van-
onable period
f the measure
dravrba^.
■ ill a ivacce ot tnc acnuire-
-ic best rm-ans ot socurmg , mt nt of individual rights to these lands, sound poli-
ness of the people. Such j cy dict.itts that every eft'ort should be resorted to by
free t; Ctin.sult as to tfic best
-I ■ ivan-inii: the happiue
t!: , •ircuinstai.rcs unJ r which yon iio'.v ass.'iii. j iheluo Cou'rnmetits to settletlieir respectiveclaiin
1.! iMiMini o'.'irnr-' “l f^rly hour of the late
Unix ,11 pi,,,.- ,iid ..i:iiil;,,;iving lo that; ncgrtiaiioris, that any atttmjl, for the time bein".
at B' mg V. ho rnuJ U'
aij.
>n.
I . iigratul.ite you. f-llinv-'’lti/.''ns. on tlie liappy
:m^* in the asp»ct of our for' ign af^iiis tincc my
I annu.ii Mt^suge. Oau>es (d coMjj»luini at that
:exi.,ted i.eiv.-: fi the United Stat(s atid Great
vho ])reserv.s us a sai;,-l jctv^nly to dtterminG those rii^-hts, would lead
: to a protiacted discussion, which might eujbrace in
its failure other more pressing matters j and the
Executive did not regard it as proper to- waive all
the adviUitages of an honorable adjustment of other
difhcultics of nrreat magnitude and importance, be^
iilain. w
i IC 11
Other claims ot our citiz(^ns against Chili'will be
hastened to a final and satislactory close.
The empire of Brazil has not been altogether ex
empt from Those convulsions wliich so constantly
alilict the neighboring republics. Disturbances
which recently broke out arc, however, now uiuler*
stood to ])c quieted. But these occurrences, by threat
ening the stability of the Government.^, or by caus
ing inccssant and violeiit changes in them, or in the
persons u'ho administer them, tend greatly to retard
provisions for a just indemnity for los.see and injuries
eufi’ered by individual subjects or citizens of other
States. The Government of the United States will
feel il to be its duty, however, to consent to no delay,
not unavoidable, in making satist;iction fbr wrono-s
and injuries sustained by its own citizens. Many
years having, in some cases, elapsed, a decisive and
eliectual -course of proceeding will be demanded oi
the respective Governments against whom claims
have been prtderrcd-
ti-icpu
ing s
mark
gQ
ir;
must a
adoption o
tem. The w
relief, since the
to the public store
cing the duly, reehip within
to foreign ports. A furthe
would be to supersede th(
thereby eflectually prolec'
against fraud,jas the right of
attach to goods afkr thtnr willidry.
lie stores.
In revising the existing taritY of duties, si
deem it proper to do so at your pre
can only repeat the suggestions and
tions v.’lnch, upon several occasions, I
fore felt it to be my.duty to otfer to CongressV
great pruiKvry and" control ling mte
can people ia union; union, no
Ibrms ot government—forms wl
—but union Ibunded in an ottachm
individuals lor eacii other. This uniQ,
and fiseling can only be preserved b
that course of policy whicfi neiihe
sive benefits to some, nor imposing unn
1 he recommendation of the Secretary in rejrani
to the nnprovements of the Western waters, and
certain promment harbors on the lakes, merits, and
1 doubt not will receive, yaur serious attention. Tho
great importance ot these subjects to the prosperitj
of the e*^ensive region rcierred to, and the seci
ot the whole country iu time of war, cannot
observation. The losses of life and propert*
annually occur in the navigation of the
alone, because of the dangerous obstri
river, make aloud demand upon Cc
adoption pf etficient measures tor the
Tfie report of the Secretc
bring you acquainted wil
the pul)hv
and dail
from th
seaboai
to ex
add to
charges
serious
appropn
approp
Secretar
included
which, \
hufsed b
constitat^'
pric££|pji id ti
:es.
ot
that while
leri-
ing by laoi^ ^Billion
the present year, is c^ed by
sum, is proposed to bs '*
lOOO lor the purchase of clolht^^
Qxpended, will be annually re^
^he clothes, and will thoL
fund, without any new approp
object. To this may also
ad^a ^0,0® asked to cover the arrearage® of paKt%
ye^^g^ Wiud ^50,000 in order to maintain a compe-’*“
squadron on the coast of Africa ; all of which
wh^ deducted, will reduce the expenditures neariy
withm the limits of those of the current year. While *
-low ever, he expenditures will thus remain veryi
learly the same as of the antecedent year, it is pro-.il
posed to add greatly to the operations of the marine,
and, m lieu ot only twenty-five ships in commis-
sion, and but httle in the way of building, to k'eeM
with the same expenditure, tbrty-one vessels afloat,
and to build twelve ships of a small class.
A strict system of accountability is established, '^
and great pains are taken to insure industry, fidelity,
and economy in every department of duty. " Expe
riments have been instituted to test the quality of
various maierials, (particularly copper, iron,
coal,) so as to prevent fraud and imposition.
ihc report of the Po«tmastec|
the great point which, for several
so much desired, has, during the
II fully accomplished. Tho c
department for ihe current year
t within its income, without les-
usefulness. There has been an -
^tial to $166,000 for the year -
^ without, as it is believed,
any additiot^^^Hl^eea made to the number ot:
iued through the mails.
over
am
itiment
Uon of
'cxclu-
ary bur-
The vexatious, harrassing, and expensive war
V, v.T.l /W' fiw II . •' ■ —iiiiporiance to the
nn'l r ,1 in ,‘k V 1 ‘"'0 ‘-fiiii'lnis be overlooked : and 1 have good rea-
iirul »‘ it!o C T- ,■ I;1 I, 'he United Slates, itinjf the peninsula of I'lorida, has happily been ter-
‘ -t v!)wIl( b, wi.h ; uO seizu upon this inoiiif nt. when most of the causes i niinaied; whereby our army has been relieved from
into u j . i .. ; 1* ,i _ .1 II.
yr-ur late s
r ':V
p-w-r
n:
r I:
,n
■ la .: iip.-n in(d the pr.ints ol diffe. j of irritation have passed away, fo cement the peace J service of the most disagreeable character, and
a dtMru on her p irt amicably to , and amity of the two countrits, by wisely removinf' j treasury from a large expendiiure. Some cas-
‘1 thut nj!nisr.cr was riii t by the Ex- ! all grounds of probable future collision. ° | outbreaks may occur, such as are incident to the
line ^j)irit which h:>d dictated his i With ihn nthor i • | proximity ot' border eetilers and the Indian
tr. I'v n„, „t ther..o.i hVvin'r I , " ’■'’''‘“'’'''S i ‘bese, as in all other cases, may be lelt to the
ii- i 'V the lu-o ( n ^ coiumue on the mcjst amicable footing. Treaties j care of the local authorities, aided, when occa.sion
% , iM’Ti • ir. 1 I ' I ' thciii sliould hc rigidly ubs» rved; Jcquire, by the Ibrce of the United Suites. A
i* oj.jn'jcnt..e which accompa- ’ o - i i .
i'iniiiii!iic;it‘\l. 1
trust
KlV^: in ’.1
ini. i-n. Tl
boi n If V r;d
fh:-r wi'ii
ni'd it. IS h; ruvv;-h
wl.il^t y. u t i;\y s;:
in:iy b 'he me:n'$ ■
p ri.)d, th( amicahl
tw- n f]
|V hMtU v-n the Unitf^d States and Great
r“ I and every opportunity, compritihle with the interests I number of troops will be maintained in
• ... j of the Vlnited States, sho’ild bo .seized upon to e>v ! remote»=t apprehensions of
m K nothing oujeclion.-ible, ^ ■ , , ■ , . . . t ' • ••
I large the basis of commf^rcial intercourse Peace I limited
our po
practice of equal and impartial justice to all. Our
- iin. IS a n-ie-^tion -t' ihnd , I enter only into that rivalry
10 i- . msrlv. s, to the c;vi!looks to the general good, m the cultivation
r pr^ Sc rving, for a,i indefinite'
cahl- rchitions hap
he two viveriiini'r.ts. i ne q
. , I with all the world is the true foundation of our no- ! - Sa'Tisoiiinfer of the necessary posts,
-xi?t!ii,'^ 0-1 ji^y^ which can only be rendered permanent by the
1 lie Question of nr‘Tf'fi’o nf ciniir>! .-if-irl i w.;... I 11
!ince it 1:5 j of the sciences, the enlargement of the field for the
than to the nuimtenance of active hostilities. It is
to be hoped that a territory, so long retarded in its
growth, will now speedily recover lirom ihe evils in
cident to a protracted war, exhibiting, in the increas
ed amount (d* its rich produclioiis, true evidences of
returning wealth and prosperity. By the practice
pc.^.-^l'
'hing m the tp acy which, in th:' sliirhe.-^t dc- [
coniproiii.ts the h aior or di
^‘‘■n >«-‘.\t t ) ti. 'setth:ment of
mu 4 alw ays be a matter of difliculty
i On the 23d of April last tho commissioners nn I Ip^Sress iri civilizing them has already been made;
ignuy ot either na- . p .nrt nf •hn Q of/. commissioners on Tho schoolmaster Pud the missionary are found side
th'f- boundary line. I ", .• ”^^der the convention by side; and the remnants ot' wiiat v/ere once nu-
f difliculty between Kepublic of the 1 Ith of April, j nierous and powertul nation.-?, may yet he preserved
dens upon others, shall consult the iuteresis of all,
t)y pursuing a course of moderation, and thereby
seeking to liarmonize public opinion, and causing
the people everywhere to feel and to know that the
Government is careful of the interests of all alike.
Aor is there any eubjectin regard to which modera
tion connected with a wise discrimiuation, is more
ne^cessary than in tfie imposition of duties on imports.
W hether reference be fiad to rev’enue—the primarv’
objccl m the imposition of taxes—or to the incidents
winch necessarily tlow from their imposition, this is
entirely true. Extravagant duties defeat their end
and object, not only by exciting in the public mind
an hostility to tlie manufaciuring interests, but by
inducing a system of smuggling on an extensive
scale, and the practice of every manner of fraud up
on the revenue, which the utmost vigilance of Gov
ernment cannot etlectually suppress. An opposite
course ot policy would be attended by results essen
tially ditferent, of which every interest of society—
and none more than those of the manuraciurer—
would reap important advantages. Among the
most striking ol its benefits would be that d^riv'ed
from the general acquiescence ol the country in ita
support, and the consequent permanency and sta
bility which would be given to all the operations of
industry, it cannot be too often repeated, that no
system of iegislaiian can bo wise, which is lluctua-
tiug and uncertain, IVo interest can thrive under it.
The prudent capitalist will never adventure his cap
ital in manulaciuring establishments, or m-any oth
er leading pursuit of life, if there exists a state of
uncertainty as fo v.'hether the Government v/iil re
peal to-murrow what It has enacted to-day. Kiiful
protits, however high, if threatened with a ruinous
reduction by a vacillating policy on the part of Gov
ernment, will scarcely tempt him to trust the mon
ey which iiehas acquired by a lil'e of labor upon the
uncertain adventure. J. therefore, in the spirit of
conciliation, and inllaL'iiced by no other desire than
to rescue^ the great, interests ol’the country from the
vort(*.x ol political contention and in the discharge of
. the higli and solemn duties of the place which I now
occupy, recommend moderate duties imposed with a
faonest/y adminis*!
served in accounting.
bordin»ites of the de-
ve been received,
you to the rc •
thus made oto
serve
who
^5lalcs as b
seem.-d to tl
pres(
a new name lor tliemselve:
and
♦ iwr.; n indiviiluals, the question which ' 'o the proper department a final report | the builders up of a
br.ai, n the greatest einbarrassrnent was! of the commission. I‘heir |K)steriiy. , , ,,
inat cunnvct Vfrican slave trade i appears that the total amount awaded | balance m the trcasur} on the 1st of Janu-
Py ^ I,, • , ^ claimants by th& commissioners and the um- j of the amount deposited with
l"ni‘: d Stu'es ^rf‘ Majesty and ; ered that his .unctions were required by the con- I than fourteen millions were received from customs,
rts (0 promote its continuing their vention to terminate at the same lime with those of j and about one million from the public lands. The
- * ■ abolition; it is hereby j the commissioners, returned to the hoard, undecided • receipts for the iburtli quarter arc estimated at near-
tfcir b'^^^^cndcl^v parties shall use; for want of time, claims which had been allowed
ol'! r^ii ^‘"omplish so desirable an | by the American commissioners, to the amount of
"un
.;ir trrid:^
u iiicM w:is daily increasing, and which
J.J, . ! I '• o thirty-j
1 s, v. ould sul)j»'ct to vexation a branch ’ and five cents, were submitted to the board too late for
its consideration. The Minister of the United
States at Mexico has been duly authorized to make
demand for the payment of tiie awards, according
to the terms of the convention, and the provisions of
C^overnment. And
Wilt) ,1. / -^beideen, in his correspondence
'hs I i nn I f” envoys, at London, expressly
>-lie hio-h - ^ 'Jf'tain an American ship on
boa^rd ^ “ ^o'Jud w'ith a cargo of slaves
^ncrecli' the British pretension to a
St-1 'he Executive of the U
"'ithoui visit and inquiry could be made
^^'^•’■untion and consequent in
-’nht c'f VO ^ I ^ regarded as the ! vernment. I
c- ^oarch, prcrcti*::! -I t^
the act of Congress of the 12ih of June, 1840. He
has also been instructed to communicate to
that Government the expectations of the Govern
ment of the United Slates in relation to those
claims which were not disposed of according to the
ly eight millions; of which lour millions are expec
ted from customsi, and three millions and a half
from loans and treasury notes. The expenditures
of the first three quarters of the present year exceed
twenty-s-ix millions; and those estimated tor the
fourth quarter amount to about eight millions ; and
it is anticipated there will be a deficiency of lutlf a
million on the first of January next; but that the
amount of outstanding warrants (ostimated at S^OO,-
000) will leave an actual balance of about i^2i:i.000
in the treasury. Among the expenditures of ihe
year, are more than eight millions tor the public
debt, and §600,000 on account of the distribution to
I the States of the proceeds ol sales of the public
lands.
The present taritT of duties was somewhat hastily
and hurriedly passed near the close of the late ses
sion of Congress. That it should have defects, can,
therefore, be surprising to no one. To remedy such
wise liiscrimination as to iheir several objects, as
being not only most likely to be durable, but most
advantageous to every interest of socicty.
The report of the Serrctary of the War Depart
ment exhibits a very full and satisfactory account of
the vai4f*us and important interests committed to the
charge of that, officer. It is particularly gratifying
to find that the expenditures tor the military service
arc greatly reduced in amount; that a strict system
ot economy has been introdured into the service,
and the abuses of past years greatly reformed. The
fortifications on our maritime frontier have been
prosecuted with much vigor, and at many points
our defences are in a very considerable state of for
wardness. The suggestions in reterencc to the es-
lablishrscnt of means of communication with our ter
ritories on the Pacific, and to the surv’^eys so essen
tial to a inowledge of the resources of the interme
diate country, arc entitled to tlie mo.st favorable con
sideration. Wl'ile I would propose nothing incon-,
and hdelit^
for, and paying ov
partment, the mon
For the details of
port.
I flatter myself that tho
the condition of the poblic
to convince you that every
paid to tho interests of th
have been called to the hea
ments. The reduction m
of the Government alrea
es a sure evidei*ce that econom
of the public moneys is re^'^ard
duty.
At peace with all the world—the persolS liber
ty ol the citizens sacredly maintained, and his rights
secured under [lolitical institutions derivmo- all their
authority from the direct sanction of the°people
with a soil fertilo almost beyond example and a
country blessed with every diveisity of climate and
production, what remains to be done in order to ad
vance the happiness and prosperity of such a peo
ple Under ordinary circmiiatances. this inquiry
cou d readily be answered. The best that probablv
could be done for a people inhabiting such a coun-
try, would be to fortify their peace and security in '
the prosecution of their various pursuits, by guard
ing them against invasion from without, and vio
lence from within. The rest, for the greater part,
imght be left to their own energy and enterprise
ihe chief embarrassments which, al the moment
exhibit themitlves, have arisen from overaction'
and the mott difficult task which remains to be ac
complished is that of correcting and over-coming its
eriects. Between the years 1633 and 1S34, addi
tions were made to bank capital and bank issues, in
ine form of notes designed for circulation, to an ex
tent enormously great. The question seemed to be,
nol how the best currency could be provided, but
m what manner tho greatest amount ot bank paper
could be pul in circulation. Thus, a vast amount
of what was culled money—since, for the time be
ing, It answered the purpose of money—was thrown
upon the country; and over-issue which was attend
ed. as a necessary consequence, by an extravagant
increase of the prices of all aiiicles of property, the
spread of a speculative mania all over the country,
and has finaiiy ended m a general indebtedness on
the par*, oi Sutits and individuals, the prostration of
puulic and private credit, a depreciation in the mar-
lv».l value of ital and personal estate, and has left
laige uiatiicts of country almost entirely without
any circulating medium. In view of the fact that,
in 1830, the whole bank-note circulation within the
Lniied Slates amounted to but 861,323,898, accor-
dmg^to iho Treasury statements, and that an addi
tion had bren made thereto of the enormous stun of
in sevcu years, (the circulation on the
l;t Janu:iry, 1 :?37, being stated at ^5149,185,890.)
aiucd by tlij great laciliiies aflbrded in obtaininf»’
provisions of the convention, and all olhers^of ^iti-,
r T- •. I o. . • r/ \ , ^ merous provisions, Will not fail to claim vour serious
zens of the U nited States against Ihe Mexican Go-1 attention. It may well merit inquiry, whether the
vernment. Ho has also been furr.ised with other exaction of all duties in cash docs not call for the
loilnwpd bv hir^ ’'T Ihc O irt^rodilction of a system which has proved highlv
sistent with friendly negotiations to settle the extent i trom European
of our claims in that region yet a prudent ibrccast I with the s iine sptcuiat
points out the necessity of such mjcasures as may en- ; t!ie United Slates—ai
angement.s , funds from abroad, the
I surprised at the apparent, but un-
e mSnt^ii-r-1 prosperity w'hich everywhere
iible Us to mai''.tain our rights.
uropeaii capitalists, who were seized
ion mania which prevailed iu
the krge importations ot
, . . - Hie arrangement.s , lunds :rom abroad,the result of stock sales and loan-
made for preserving our neutral relations on thr* j ,
boundary between us and Texas, and
clieck the Indians in that quarter, wil! he liictiiiL.i.ii-1 , i , i i ■ j • j ' , • -
ed so long as circumstaQces may require. \ ^ ’> while cause of surprise
For severalyears. angry contentions have grown ’ be felt at the |)reserit prostration of every-
out of the di-position directed by law to be made o!'! the ruin which has befallen so many cf
the mineral lands held by the Government in seve-
ral of the States. The Gov’crnment is constituted
the landlord, and the citizens ot the States wherein
lie the lands are its tenants. The relation is an un
wise one; and it would be much more conducive of
the public interest that a sale of the lands should be
made, than that they should remain in their present
condition. The supply of the ore would be more
abundandv ani, cer'ninlv I'untiiihed wh^^n t? b-'
our fellow-citizens in the sudden wiiiidrawai Irom
ciiculation of so large an amount ot bank issues
since 1837—exceeding, as is believed, the amount
addtxl fo the paper currency for a similar period an
tecedent lo 1337—it ceases to be a matter of astoii-
ishmeiu that such extensive shipwreck should have
been made of private forlunes, or thal d'flicuhir^
should exist in thoiv rnoHg-mciili on