** 'Fkt powers granted w/ider the Constitution, being derived from the People of the United Sto,tes. rnny be refiinicd by them whenever perverted to their injury ot oppression. Madison.
VOLUME 4.
CHARL.OTTE, I\ORTH-CAROL.II^A, APRIL. 18, 1845.
Mccklcnbii rg .1 el'fci-soman,
EDITED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY
TERMS.
The '•Jeffersonian' it ill be furnished to subscribers
at TIVO DOLLARS a year, ij paid in advance,
or within one month from the commencenicnl of the
year, or THREE DOLLARS, if not thus paid.
' Subscriptions may be seitt by mail at the Editor^s
risk, provided the postage it> paid.
Advertisements ii'ill be inserted at One Dollar per
^ no re {lo lines) for the. Jirsl time, and Tu'enty-five
■■-ijils for each continuance. A considerable reduc
tion inll be made to those who ai/vcrtise by the year.
Cainliciates lor isice.
- Wc arc aiithorizoJ to aniiL>unce ('H ARLES T. ALEX-
•M^r.i’. Jr, n caiidiiJate at !ht3 isoxt Auuust clcction, I'or re-
■ ^ ,!i lo tliw! onii’C of Cli’ik of the .McckLiiburg County
Notice.
■:o i?:j.
r5-ic
All persons indebied-4o Samuel C. Cravvlord, on
account cfnuvvspaper subsiriplion or otherwise,
are informed that the Trustee has placed the ac
counts in the hands of Mr. John S. Means, wlio is
authorized to make settlements. Those indebted
wouKI do well to call and settle as soon as possible,
as the business n)ust be closed.
Persons at a distance owing for the paper,
can transmit thpir lespectivp Hues by uiail at my
risk. It is unpleasant to have to sue ihe 11 icnds of
the paper; but such is the stale in which Mr. Craw
ford lelt his business, that collections nmst be made
as soon as possible.
T. F. HAMPTON.
March 7. 1S43 09 f
FACTJS FGIi Tilt!. FKOPl^K.
\Yc a: n. I'hoii/ 1.1 ijannoviact I'jRALI'^V OATES as
jn ’’ !at-' Au^'is't tloeiion IVsr the ullioe ul' (.'Icik
1 31; L'kl nl'ur” (.''JUm;}- L'oui t.
Janu:iry -I'j
\Voare r.uth >rizL'J to annouiico AU'^XANDER Gi\A-
[\Vl a cundulate at ihj lU'Xt Au;i”st fL ctjon lor tlio
c;’ rl; or (■v'”.;ity Court.
jAuU ;ry U-'. To-to
■ W. “'i;;to a;;:i IIU-->11 i*'. T,
a c.-... i'at ilic lit xt .\u4i!'^t i l ’Ction fur tire ulilco ol'
juaty Court Cl^Tk of Cout'.ry.
-■ 'bruary 7, Tj-ij
^Vo arc au*iivjr./.-'il * > ar.r.ounco ax.L.IO, a
ndnfo at tiiu ii' xt At: 'wst ok-ct;c;i fjr tL-j OI'.Ijc cl Cl.rk
''ouiiiy Court.
1 i l ' 1J. f T-ic
; ■ \V > ri’": nutiioriieu to utiri'^V31. II. SJ
a . .“wk!. ;u!l‘ tor ;i'.. OiVie.- cf cl ;'; ol iho 5>-jnLrxr coLiVt
• L ’ > I'ouiifv. at tkc u.xt A l1*jci;o;i.
1 = .^. ' ^
V.',’ nr’ author!;: ,1 i ;i: :io:ri 3L Ln.M,
■ ' -L'-''. a i-aii kj.i'c I'.o' ihj u/.ko of uf the b'lJjiirijr
• ;i r ■ intv. r.:
r I ‘ r ' r?..t-'
'V-ir, til' horii li i > JOSKII T. l^IiAFFIX,
:i i-. at lil.' I:''XI I'.r tli'J
- riv = Lii: n i-
I iro. k ;-k ‘-'0^. to
IS
■>■11. IJ. T. CALDWELL has roniovoil Li.-- s.kop
" II ll;;‘ ! Itrlv (>v';H1}>U*il by Ml\Wut£‘»n, OIJ
,il - ■'••.iiViC Sl'U'Jii ol i;i.' c' -'Ur;;;
\ .- , !.i!.irc. itU V.i ill i nod iO kj.S CiU'C tllilii
. 'i‘ p;i:iftu.\l .iiiil l'ai‘.kli..i u:iftiliuii.
'■ ’aicli L’ISlo
'J’he taxiijg power in nil Govi‘niin«'nis is tiiosi
apl ij be mi|)iupcrlv ixtrcist-'d, and, ihirtlort*,
j should be s. dulously guarded. Wht never go
I verniiipni has lo sub^li'.uie ihe indirect or iinpos*.
j sysu in of l:i.v itiOM in lieu of direct taxes, lo raicse
! itic adeqnaie ri voiiue (or defraying its h gitiniaie
! expet'sis, this lendency to oxeicise the tnxmg powc-r
j unwiselv ai»d oppressively is grtally augnittiit'd.—
! Our Fedtral GaviMn;r.cni having s* 1-ciid thf inJi-
j ri.ct fyslcin o' laxaliiiu, as btiug more con'4(ni;.l to
! die gijiiu5 of our iiicli'.ution?, ii beconu-s ihe coubii
, lut nl bodv now lhal iheir Rvprc sentalivrs hav» m--
lictcd thi.*^ jnore subile and complex nioJe uf h vy^
( ing coiitribulions for the suppoil o.' Govcrnimnl to
^ examine mi:iuiely into the whole tcope and opeia
! non (if i!ie impotl sys'.cin U[)on ail ot the gnal ni-
lei/>1? of lliC coi'iury. I3i cause, even admil'.iiig
i ihul mode c;f r;ti?ing revenue, when fairly and jutl
!y caiii-J into piaciice, lo b* a good and propei ow ,
I yt i, ia i'.s vt^iy naluie. ii is of all other ty> te»n:> inoi'l
i liable 10 be giossly ubu^eJ. Wiieii dircct ta.\i>
{are recoiled uj, we know al once wlia'. »;u'h man.
I and tach siction c'l ihi ctjuniiv. j)avi= louurd^ ih*-
;Mi| poil u! GjveinmcrU. Thus knowing u ha’, ea h
1 i)ne coiiliibutes we can easily d-t* ci unequal laxa
I Ijon as ue!l as unequal disbuiscmeots' IjUI it i?
witiiin the power ul Govcinrncnl to tax ,ch m..n
■and each yrtai division of the Rtptil»!ic equally,
I and yi'i, by unequal disbursements bjm fi'. mjihi «.•-
' iuujs ol lh«- country .it tlie e.xpi iise oi iiir b;;l incf
ii li yei iiiijie cbiir iltal il \ on co.utiu^ uinqual[ j'.iauvfactured goods chcapor ihan any one
■ td'xatior. with unequal tu^bu: scricnts, \ou \.ii. i yn j , |g,. should our firmcrs be askid to act con»
!er ihe ‘iieatei b-iRliti on me Ijvuud and im- (j jj.j, plaitKsi diclatrs of common sen^e, nnd
cultnr^', and it iily bt'oomes its friends to say it has
cheapened goods, vvhen il has thus destroyed our a-
bility 10 purchase.
VVe can only grant what is termed proieclion, or
a system of indirect bounties, through the taxing
power No one objects to contributing his share to
wards defraying the legitimate expenses of Gov
fMnment. because they all equally participate in its
blessings. But. when indirect legislative bounties
are granted lo foster any special class of industry—
It can only be done by impoPing a tax, m the form
r>f enhanced prices, on the people at large, or any
section, and for the benefit of a flavored
few. If a proleciivo rrinfers no pecuniary ad
vantajjes in the shape of increased prices lo the
manufactufers, pray in what other way can il or
does It benefit them? The evil ihe mamrfnv-ivirrro
complain of is the competiiion of ch'up foreign
goods. Legislation isasktd for by them lo exclude
f>r tax this, to them, much deprecated evil of cheap
foreign goods Ceniainly if w’e grant their request,
(hose asking it must expect, by taxing those for
eign fabrics, to be enabled to obtain for iIk ir Ame-
rican m.inulaclures higher prices.
This b('ing the object and tlie ffTecl of protective
duties, the agiicullural interests and the consumers
2« nerally. are most dee ply in'rrested in knowing,
not onlv Ihe r.vlent of ihe tribute levied upon them
lor the emolument ol the manufacturers, but also in
knowing ihe depressing influence which ihe high
larifl* poliey exeits upon the value of agricultural
tiapi'S. fiowever m.ich inclintd our prolfclive
tarifl’advocaus may be. a/';fcr the passage of iht ir
xoibuatit biil ( f 18 ii. to promulgate the absurdity
ili;U duii' S make cheap goods.” yet experi
« nc(- and llfcMry both prove conclusively, that high
duti.s augmenl ihv vni'.ic of goods ihe fore ign
maikit prices, while they reduce ihe Visluc of our
M agricultural s‘\'i\)\rs, impede auv comiiierco,
and diminish (h^■ waizis of labor. Bui why should
:t)i p,cople objfCt to j,urcha^ing goods a't loic prices?
It i:i c ita:niv thi- true inieirst of all to purchase
in i.'j;- cheapest, nnd to f^ell in ih(‘ dsorcat markets.
If the airi :ju1iui :sts who consiilute. in fad and in
i.iith, the gre;.t laboiiiii: class of this country, can
I'ijrcfiuse w iiii iheir produce a larger amount of
I fo;*ign goods ihai. of American goods—or, in plain
iti inif, u i!i»‘ foreigners will give of.r farmers and
! !'lani‘is higher prices for ihtir pr^. luce, and sell
weaitli to ihe mtlnulaclun Wiiii gr»at p0|>ii.
ty. this w'hole system of bounti* s has In . i.
characterized as nothing more noi less than a m
sure of legalized plunder.
In illustration of what has been stated, ihf* annex
ed tabular slalemenis are leferiMl to; and as th v
have been carefully prepaied at the 'rnasuiy D
parlrnent, they may be relied upon as being cornd
The facts which they present are ch ar and convm
cing, and the baneful influenc*of ih biijh laufi
policy upon the value of our gnai siajjbs, Flou
Tobacco, and Colton, deserve tin* most seiious C('n
sideralion of all lhos interested in farnung arxi
planting. The general and invariabk' cohMqotne^
of a high larifTon impoits, has been reduced piicis
of flour, tobacco and cotton. By a glance at th-
iiiblt'S, il >» ill L”. ivi il iliai tlK» ot
and of high tarifls, are ^tpa.a!d ijrifl | top* r!y d
signaled, with a statement appended e(.nta’ning ih
gross result in each pariicnlaf* p nod, and also th»
annual average quantity, atmual avf lage value, and
the annual av rag* pric pei ban* I. or p>r hogs
head, or per pound. A^^ fh.se .ibb s contain a nrt ai
amount of valuable and liighly int' ^estinsj inf^ima
lion, ihe constituent body may g/eaily profit bv ob
serving with .wha! g«tH*r::l exactness tin ptics of
produce advanced or declintd, as th* taiifF w nl op
Of down. Flxpern nce will .«atisfy all rational m:nd.'
that high dutis increase the price of ihe goods np
TOBACCO,
A statement exhibiting 'ihe quantity of Tobacco, in
hogsheads exjtorted annually from 1821 to 1844.
Years.
Lxporied in
Low duties.
Hhdc
Ilirh duliee.
Low auiies.
liifrh duties.
f 182J
• 1822
i 1823,
1182-j!
f 1825!
182G'
18271
1828
1829
18550
183li
11832
r 1S3‘J
I
iS33:
1836;
i 1837-
! 18.33
‘ 1S39
1840
1811
1812
S 1813
i 1S14,
Value.
66.858 5,648,96c'j
83,169 6.222.838
99.009 6.282,672
77.883 4.855.566j
75,984 () 115 623
64.098 5,317.208
100,025 6.577,123
96,278 5,2S9.9Gf!|
77.131! 4.0S2,074j
83.8101 5,5-S6.365i
86.718 4,892,388
106.8001 5,099.769
83.]t3 5,7DG.06Sj
87.979 6.59>.307f
01.353 8,250,577;
109,042 10.053,640,
100.23^ 5.795.647t
100.593 7,392,0291
78.995 9,632 943j
119.4Si| 9.S83.957
147.828 12,576,763
158,710, 9.540,755
9'},454* 4.650,979
163,012 8,385,555;
Average
price per
hhd_;^
§84
75
63
G2
80
83
66
54
05
67
'56
56
69
75
87
92
55
73
112
83
G1
49
51
Exported in 4 years
G90,S50'44,771,410'
86,356^1 5,596,427,
j Exported in 8 years,'
Irom 1825 to 183.J
Anmial average
Exported in 10 years.' | i
from 1833'to 1842 1.080,3G9'85.G82.524i
i Annual average 108,037! 8,508.252*
I Eirported in 1813 and j
! IS It I 257.4 io.l 3,036,534 i
I Annual average 128,74316,518,256!
::0C V
. '^i:. 'iIIOMAS C. CA1.!> Wr.LT. I. -,s rernnved
• >' rt“tiJeuce lu M:,\\ i..i 'M; .'.i,:r’r'.-> i'J luil.*.'
. ' I. '.!ii\ where he v» :.l ■ 1 .'.j.'-J J ai. i.aies.
ab-'i’iil 0!i piolctsioii ..
Pi-ic jiia not aeqiMiuieii v\: i. C.. ar-.-. reie.'Tcd
1 . ti.e Ci !tja;u:ii!id' ILteky j’;ve.'’. e. i. re hj li;* =
■ ;.';-Tio I'f.icfi‘*ed.
\pril 4, 1^15. '1 lyoar
Silfst of jLotlCi’s?, ■
" » LM.MXIAG in llu I’, -: 'iKv--- u' (‘ha:! -to, ..i
w. !i;j lit day of A\
.\.
J.U’l: C. Ar y .\i'u'.ili A 'r
rruiliv 11. A
' a;;.;:. M.
; .1 A. ( i. Ben::, 't
\\’. r.i.bli y 0. L. iiPiiwa
’ . W. G. Bru'.vnluv.-. 2 i-'letci.er Baiber
Mi'-a Jare' Bi'.'-rv-
' (lOie lh^ ht a\i i burdi ns on ihe oppr» s;i d niiiliiinde.
, i:Jui ilic ( vit may be aggravaltd in a much higher
d gree. F*>r yon may, as is iinlortunat* ly now oui
Miaation, un ier an impoit system of laxaiion. not
oniy tllVc: tlie loregoitii: eno:mitit s, Lut, by ;ts n.v>
; I. ifous and rdirud devices, you may, while taxiiiq
iMiu ttciiv.n of ihe country to aggiundiz ■ sonn fi'
; voitd nor ivjn of the Goniederacv, aI>o
on which ihf-y ar«‘ imposed, and ilx se tables cbarlv j from 1821 to 1824
demonstrate also thal high duties, by impi diris and j -^nriual averi^ge
crippling our foreign comm* rce wuh uneiring c- i
t:iinly, brought aboul n gieai declinc in tin v;.lu' cl
our flour, tobacco, and cott n. 'J’hus it is that ih*
prot« cliv( policy grea'Iy tnhanccs ihr price ol what
goods we have lo fiuichase, whib- il at the saoi
lime greatly impairs oar ability to buy, by dimu!
ishing the value f mr ag: icului'-al produi'iiijns
Nor can liiose rngag> d in agiicuiiure make up i!;.
deficiency inllnir ifciii'S,by incnased pioduciiun
The labKs prove in the mcsi conclusive maim'
that under th(- operation of l.igh riuti»s u luiiv
nearly or quile doubb' oui ag ictiltufal siapb.s. :.nu
yet not realize as much as v/c did w:lh smulh *
crops under a low scale of tuli(S.
Il will be found, on examining the following ta
ble relating lo flour, lhal, notwithstanding the boasi
(d d( inandsofa home market fo>^ bread siuf], which
the advocjics of prot( clion a!li dge wi l be crta>d b\
the operation of high dmits, we ixpo’tid dn it)L
iheir ( xisteiice, antiually on an lagc. a g*'ater
mnnher o\ bariels ot ilour. and at rcduccd jricts.
Ihan we did during itie peiiod ( f lo^c duiRS. 'i'bt
iullowing are £Ui\>l:orn fact.', as the laM; s prov ;
I our exports of lloni averaged, per annum, from
326.919,23,010.038
81.730 5.752,509
65
70
induced to sustain the passage ef laws u hich cut
ihMfi ofl’l’iom the Icsl mailcets, and compel ihem
nn Jt r many disadv;'.plages lo r sort to the L^orst
Sujipose a fa/m* r. u h n st tiding 1;;.'Hour lo mar- j 1S21 to 1S24 inclusive, 009.37U ba^'i* Is, at e.n av
‘ 11, n. t ds toi I,is I.imily a civtn qujntity of cotton I ('ra^e piice per bant I, during tliat period, ol S5
53. Bui from 1S25 lo 1832 inclusive.our expoit^
of flour averaged |h r annum 1,017,152 barrels, at
an average price per band, duiing lhal period, ot
03. Here il i>> £(nlhat. in the hitler period.
unJi r the high tanfi'policy, we slnppcd moK‘ tloui.
wili
c lolli.
observf;
llemtds with a Kuionean merchant, and
!ir,
. , _ r.ant lo purchnse one hundred
II d por ivjn of the Goniedeiacy, a.>o axaci cun | ^ cotton ciolh. and have bni one barrel of
1,1 .4 ions lioin jail’.cul.ir bianches of it*'-^u;liy to i jj j can spend in il.at way; wi!! you take
I jcier atid iniiL.h ihooC *-mpioyed in olhtr puiitiits | barrtd of flour and furnish ti»> ime hundred
so. im refoie, by a sly and iubu.* pioctss id inc.i- | y;>j.jg coiton ciolh ? The m'icfiani accepts his - nuJ a: bss piicrt. tb.ais i.. ih
it cl laxalion, itiipost d apparently for the upj il b* - jjfjd both parlies are mutoailv pb-ased and be hast n on lo ihe m xl cast' in point.
)f i.!! { ci'ons and al! si-ciioiis f the ciuntiv.
I lo turning fo Ihe labbs . xj kiii.jio y of the lobac-
!•••' irc.de, w’t- find a mosi e.\lraordina;y coinciucnco
i :n lieaily all the facls jnsi explained in lelaiion lo
J (he »fh‘;l of high and loiv dulies upon ihc exports
as well as the pricc of flour, and thai ibc same re
sults altended the lobacco trade. A close (xamina-
ion jf these labl.s presents to ihe mii.d a vaiiety of.
importani views \V‘ find in ihe y^ir 1843 a most
tnnn ndous falling dl, Loih in the 'r.umher el liogs-
h.'ads a.s well as in thf- value of ijie lobacco expoil'
d l': i.e.-!, in 1842, 1843. and in 1S41, the an
nua! avr roge value pt r hogshtad was lti>s liian
a', any .hrte p.icctdmg yeais sitice 1821, and ihc
aggregate value fd the entire c xpo: tation, lor t/iosc
three yt'ais, uas gicatly under ihai of ihetniirc
expojlatien for tin prtctdmg three years.—
'I'fie diinual average value, pt r hogshtad, of lobac.-
co (ypotttd f.om 19*21 to 1524, was 870; from
1S25 to 1532 it fell to ^65 pt r b«'L’s!'ad; from
1833 to 1842 it ag:»m rose up u> 679 p ■ ho^si o;
and fiom 1843 to 1844 it ayam /7/ iown lo ^51
pe hogshead. Soii'e may supptse li.e qu.'iiily ol
«. ' t ('aali .n
v';-.iw!^:;'d
: ■:! 1) :v;
>. W V.M I) u-:u;i
j. i). rr::o::y
V\'. 'r. C'.irter
r'. B. Cro?i=.
]).
J !::i Da'.r.eron
.M..:.’ i'.liz i V. naviii^Dn
;h L>^v.;iin;j.
K.
M.i. MatiiJa Edwards.
F.
^ Un N. Fidlci- 11. G. Flannagan
Ann Fi'cw iSoloinon Fitc.
lk
a. riioli.i (liiies^pie '.Vm. H. Gilliland
i'-3 lLu-h;ie! CJonld Eli Gritliih
Alexander Gibson.
IL
;l:-> M:iry A. Holbrooks Henry A. Hunter
.:>ivid Henderaon Mra U. il.Hulion
i'. J. Holt >n W'. A. Harri^i
.’iiines '1'. Holt 1). C. Haynes
Thomas Harri-: Isabella Henderson
Mrs. Sarah A. Happoidt.
J.
Andrew Jamison Margaret M. Johnson
ilichard Jordan Je&se B. Jolmston.
K.
John B. Kerr Andrew King
John Kirk John M. Keri\
L.
James J. Lawing John Lawson.
M.
Mrs. Clarrissa McCarvcr Miss Elenor McCraken
Adam McCahen Charles McGinnis
-t6o. \V. McDonald Mrs. Violei Monteith
James McCov AVm. P. Moore.
N.
Alex. Nelson John W. Xeal.
O.
Pcev. M. Ooborne Miss Eliz. Owens.
P.
Messrs. R. &W. G.Pierce i\Irs. Eliza W. Parka
Mrs. Sarah Parks James Prim
Jemrie Pead Mrs. Pennman
Miss Mary Pehel Col. J. VV. Pous.
Geo. Reynolds 2 Miss E. C. Read
Jery Red John P. Ross
Dr. J. W. Ross.
S.
John Simpson
Thomas A. Sharpe
B. Franklin Shaetl’er.
T.
Mis.s S. J. Talmon
Nicholas Tredenick.
W.
John W. Walker
Rev. J. G. Witherspoon 2.
AMZl McGINN p. m.
April 1, 1845. 203-3 w.
llufus Shelby
Elizabeth Sample
Margaret Shav,’
Wm. L. Torrence
M. J. Tatum
Calvin Weir
!,• I;. OI a!! j ci 'ons and
\V( bo’.h l:o:n theory and ?ad t xperitncf, th.il
one section niay be l;ixcd for ihe benetii of anoiln r,
at;l that some brarichf s of l.ibor may be unnect ?j;i
I iilv burdened to inhance Uie profits ol a lavortd
one. W^hen any cummuni.y has lo bear iht* evils
«:rowing oni ul ihi? compound mode oj taxation, it
is no less ihe duly ihan the interest of the cunsM n
. *1.1 bodv, to give the who!'.' snljcci a lho o;c,'h an i
iaipart:ai !..\:uni iution.
The tloclrine of [ rotcciing American mannfac*
in res is urged ujuin various pretexts. Somt- of the
champions of u hat is termed ih(; •• American sys
tem,” say we inusL protect our Amencan labor
■ against the c/ztja/j paup'T labor of Europe. 'J'his
i they propose to accomplish by taxing the chcap foi-
! eign goods wiien impoiled mio ihe United Slates in
cxchangc. for onr agricultural productions B_\
! the way. I never h^ atd a farmer compl.im ol bein_
able lo purchast' cLcap goods. Indetd. the more
he gt.ls in exc.;ange f.>r his cron?, the belter for aM
p VI lies. But, at ihe urgent solicitation of interesl
j ed manufacturers. Congress piissed a high protec
tive larifT in 1842. As a cjmsequence ot that ncf,
comm' rce and agriculture languish, and the pe-ople
complain. And what think you is ihe cry now ol
these larifi' gentry? Why, ihat diJties mak«-
\ chcap goods, 'i'h'n,. us ihtir s;iicidal policy b•l^
: rcduced the value ef our great ngrici;l:ural staph.«,
we propose to ri litve tlu‘m and the country f;um
ihis painful dilemma by reducing the duties. If
; they are honest m iheir professions, ihey should
most cheeifully accept cur olfer, since they admit
that their pioieciive taril! policy has had the fatal
t fleet ol degrading iiW classes of American I 'bor,
j and thereby enabled owr manufacture s lo manufac
ture cAeaper ihan they can abroad. Strange as it may
appear, they object lo our relieving from loio
prices, which was the V( ry evil ihalai first mduc d
them Ko demand iX high larifl They niher played
the fool m asking for high duins, or else they are
playing the knave m holding on to them. It is,
however, •• conlraty lo the first principles of com
mon sense, thal any law making an additiua lu i+ir
cost of manufactured goods should be a reduction
of the price,” and ii would'be most cruel to suppose
that ihe manufacturers were in fact such stupid f* I
lows, that in iheir t^fToris lo legislate in favor of
high prices, they should in tru'h have legisi.iied in
I favor of low prices. But we all know lhat cheap
i goods are, in ihe main, the result of low wages and
reduced cost of the raw materials, in conjunction
with the low rate of interest on the capital invested.
These three elements enable Europe to manufac
ture goods al less cosl than we can in this country.
But ifoiir high tariff has enabled our manuficiureis
to manufacture and sell their goods at cheaper rates
than the foreign goods can be pure hasted at, w*
must conclude lhat low wages will follow low pnces.
ihai our capital has been rendered less productive,
and that our staple productions hav.-, by the intro
duction of the high tariff policy, been reduced in
value. So. therefore, the laboring classes ar*- not
benefitted by th* protective larifi policy, nor are th*^
producers o{ the law materials. But, on the con
irary, the w’anl of employment for the m^’chanics
and laboring people, and the low prices of for lead
ing agricultural productions, all most clearly decnon
strale the prostrating and ruinous tendency of the
high tariff bill of 1842 Thyt bill nas reduced th-
wages of labor by desi'^oying profits of agri'
From 1833 to
ii'fiiud. But a Yankee standing by, and observing 1842 we evpovud an annuiil average of 040 2S7
u hilt is p:issing. caciilaies fi* ci>uld make money | barrels of flour, at an average prtut- jx-r i*t»r.«^l oi
r.ister by appealing I ) Congress to pass a law lax j 01 for ihe tntire period But though
mir the imported cottons one hundred per cent . j port d, fiom lo25 to 1832. on an avera;^e per an
which is about the prt sent duty on clieap coiton nnm ’ ^ ^ ^
I'loth. 'J’hf next s* ason cfjmes aioiind. at.d the far
im r lak(S nnolhei bariet of flour to market to get
!;i ;i;pplv of cotton cloth. But bis Europtan mer-
ciiarit H*forms him lhat Congre^s has, at the solicit
tafion cf the Yankee, passed a la>.v taxing foreign
cotton cloth one hundred per cent , so, ihert'fore, he
j has to add thal tax to the cost of cotton cloth; fie,
! tlierefort'. cannot afloid to sell him one hundrtd
yards, under the change of facts, for less than tiro
barrels of fl.our 'I'hus. undi r the high larifi sys
Km, the farmer gets imlv fifty yards of cotton cloth
for his barrt i cf flour. He complains of this lo the
Yanlcee, who gravely answers that the tariff opens
t>) him a home maiket for his bread stufls. 'I'he
old firmer retoils, ‘’that by your taiiff. you force
the faimt rs lo pay you one hundred per cent, upon
the foreign maiket price for you*’ American coiton
cloth, but you manufacturers do not give them m
return on** cent viore, but, indeed, less, for their
biead stuifs, than they got for them before the pas
sage of the laritT Now your tariff, lo be just,
should require the consumers oi our bread-stuffs to
pay ihc farmers exactly the same rale per cent, a-
boce the f'jiiegn rnarkel prices, as the consumers of
manufactured goods are made to pay above the for-
iirn rates. For all producers should be protected
alike, and all consumers should be taxed alike." —
The shrewd Yankee, thus hedged in, exclaims: —
•• Ah, my dear sir, 1 see you are somewhat of an
abstractionist, fo- you first confer a benefit on the
manufacturers, and then propose, by protecting your
bread-stuffs, to lake it avvay.” The old farmer re*
plies ■ that every honest mari should do as he would
be done by, and if lh»> farmers first help the manu
turers to gel high prices, why should not the latter
in return, be equally bound lo aid the farmers m
getting high prices, and then both would be protec
ted airke.”
Iti ihr great Staple States, the riicchanics q{ all de
scriptions are oppressed even more than the farmers
and planters by this unjust tariff policy. For when
agriculture is profitable, they share its riches; and
when pnces fall, they are thrown out of employ-
ment. 'Phe mechanics suffer, tlsen, in a double ca
pacity; for they are made lo pay extravagant prices
as consumers, while the system itself destroys the
valuH of agricultural products, which alone afl^ord
them lich harvests, by presenting them full employ
ment in their respective trades.
All dHparlments of industry are benefilled by re
ceiving ample rewards for iheir labor. The work
ing man wants high wages—the mechanic full em-
•dovment at fair rales, and the farmer and planter
good prici s. But the general effect of hi^h dulies
on imported goods, is a reduction of ihe wages of
labor, as w’ell as the I'alue of our great agricultui
il staples. It the conveise of this were true, the
protective tariff policy would, by elevating the
wages of labor and the price of the raw materials,
induce our citizens to abandon manufactures. But
ihe tariff policy does, in fact, diminish the wages
of labor and reduce the yalue of our agricultual
staples, by depriving us, to a great extent, of oui
for ign comtnerce, and cutting us off from the b»^si
maikets. and thus by robbing others of their just
profits by its insidious operations, it accumulates
IS4-;
l)arrel
flour
country 8222 141 more money than in the forme
So. under a reducing scale (■! duties, the farmers
received better piicts for theii flour, both at home
and abioad. But fioin 1843 'o 1814 we expoittd
on an average p* r annu.n I 14U.024 barrels if
flo'jr. at an aV: lai^*-annual fnic» per barrel of only
!?4 GO. Nut >• i’h.-tanding the great incieas m i!i
averag* quLintiiy p r annum fiom 1843 m 1844
inclusive, ov( r the former pttiixl, fiom 1833 to
1842; yet tin flour ♦xpojt»d in the liilti r. durin;j
du'.it s. brougld am;ual!y ii.loih* counl y 8441.
773 more mont y th* arg* i qiiiMiiitv ‘Xpoiud
since the paS5ag- ( ' the pus» nt tanff l;uv Th*
tables prove tha'. un b i both pe i )d? of high lanfi.'
the number of t>arrei.- of flour expoiit'd grt'ally in
creased over the qiiat,!i!y f xpo:t- d under th‘ lo'\
l:irifls, w'hile theficis. a>to th-- piice.sof the respi'c-
live periods, were exacily reverstd Foi though ^
we exported fewer b;irrels undt-r (he low lanfls, y« ' i
the farmers obtained much better piices for ih( i'
flour, iind a much larger sum of mont y annuallv
on lhal uccountj cam»‘ into th*- countr\.
FLOUR,
vl statement e.rhibding the quantity and value of
Flour, exported annually from 1821 to 1844 inclu
sive.
the crop may t xplain tlns j but in ou.’’ calculations
: vvc ! uv * mb’’aced pf ncds duiin£r the t xisL-
j ‘nce of loic and high laiiffs, atrl it is fair to infer
I thal casialtics would as lirq i tilly affect the tsli*
j liiiitrc o:> one fi-it- uo llit* oihL-r 'I h {)lICe per bOj'S-
\* e (X- , htad,lhe aggre gate value, and the i rn;U r(d bOi?s-
heads exported in tach year sine*- 1821. stand cut
hov/ opprcs-
is great tiiapie
lum. 1,0!7,10> barrels ol flour, and, from 1833 to j
lS-12. only 00 an average per ani.un) of 'sivtly ihe IririlT nulicv acttd iipGii i!,i
larreL; ytt. stranne as it may seem, cur exports of j nian^cis
lour, in the latter period brought annually into the > , ^
COTTON.
Qua7itiiy and value of Cotton c.i'ported aiinuallh
from 1821 to 184 L
Y cars
Pounds.
Value.
Av'ge
: pricc.
Exported in
Low duties.
flS2l! 124 S93.405
;■ I822I 141 675.091
1823! 173.723.270
1182 li 112,369,663
20.157.484,
24.U35.05Sj
20.445.520*
21.947,401:
16.2
16.6
11.8
15.4
20.9
Hiirh dutio
I 18251 176.449.9il7i 36 846.619
I 1826: 201,535,415'' 25,025.214' 12.2
I lb27'i 2S4.300.115! 29.359.545i 10.0
} 1828; 210,590.4631 22,4S7.229i 10.7
1829 294,837.186; 26.575.31 L 10.0
9.9
9.1
9.S
11.1
12.8
16.8
Years.
Barrels. I Value,
Exported in
Low duties.
Hiiih duties.
f 1821 1.056,119 4.298.043
; 1822 827,865; 5.103.280
1823 756 7021 4.962.373;
US211 996,7921 5.~59,176l
fl825i 813,906| 4,212,127'
I 1S26 857.820, 4.121.466;
I 1S27
j 18S8
1829
Low duties.
High duties.
868.492; 4,420,081
S60.800 1.2S6.939,
837,385 5,793 65 L
1830 1,227,431; 6.085.953
1831; 1.806,5291 9.938,458
18321 864.919| 4 b80,623
1833j 955,7681 5,613,010
1834' 835.3521 4,520,781
J835I 779.3961 4,394,777
1836! 505.400; 3,572.599;
18371 318,7191 2,987,269;
1838 448,1611 3.603,299:
I839I 923,151| 6,925.170
1S40'1,897,50M0. (43,615'
18411 l,5J5,817j 7.759,664'
U842'l,283,602| 7,375,356
1843| 841,4741 3.763,073|
1844! 1,439.5741 6,732,488,
Average
price per
barrel.
S4 06
6 16
6 55
5 77
5 17
5 06
5 08
4 98
6 91
Low duties.
Hish duties.
1830 298,459,1021 29 674,883;
1831 276 979.784 25.289.492]
183iJ 322 21.5,li52! 31.724.6S2j
18331 324.69S,604i 36.191,105!
18341 334.717.907! 49,448,402
1835 387,353.992 61.961.302!
1836! 423.631,302 71 281,9251 16.8
14.2
10.3
14.S
8.5
10.2
8.1
6.2
S.l
63,240.102:
61,556,811
01.238,982
J 1837i 444,211,537
1838' 595 952,297
1839! 413.624 212
1840| 743,941.061! 63.870.307
1841! 530,204,1001 54.330.341'
[1842| 584,717.0171 47.593.464i
S lS43i 792.297.10Gj 49.119.806j
(f I8I4I 663,633.455! 5l,063.50l'
88
50
64
73
42
63
06
30
04
50
39
19
74
4 47
4 67
Exported in 4 j’cars.j i
from 1821 to 1824 3.637,478 20,122,872
9u9,370
5,030,718
Annaal average
Exported in 8 years
from 1825 to 1832;8,137,294
Annual average j 1,017,162
Exported m 10 years,!
from 1833 to 1842 9.462,867 ^
Annual average 1 946,278| 5,689.553j
Exported in 1843 and I
1844 - - 2,280.048 10,49-5 5611
Annual average !ljl40,024J 5,247,780i
43,736,298!
5,467,412;
I
06,895,522!
5 53
5 38
6 01
4 60
Exported in 4 years,
from 1821 to 1824
Annual average,
Exported in 8 years,
fro-. 1825 to 1S32
Annua! average,
Exporteii inlOypars
irom 1833, to 1842.
Annual average. .
Exported in 1343;
and 1844. |
Annual av'eracre, 1
585.661 433| SG.585.463'
146,415,358 21,646:366!
I i
2,013, 377, C34j22G.9S3.005
256.647,136| 2&372.876
}, 3^3, 0.57,0'29i.')73 71.5.74lj
4S3,305.703| 57.37L574 j
9"0,?Glj 103.183.30': 1
727,965,2S0l5L591.653^t
li.i
II.1
11.8
^087
'i'liEAsuRY Department,
R*'gistei’s Ofiice, Jan. 30, 1845.
T. L. SMITH.. Ueg’r.
The tables setting forth ihe exports and value of
coiton, atmually. from 1821 lo 1344. equally wiih
those just examined, prove the singular exactness
with which all of our great agricultural stajdes rise
or fall as the duties upon imports go up or down.—
Ttie preS' nt ver\ I020 prices should induce the far
mers and planters to inquiie into the crtz^^^islhat pro
duce such injurious results. It cannot be asciibed to
over production, for lhal has been progressing since
1821 ; and by casting the eye over the table it will
be plainly seen lhat, though the supplies were an
nually increasing, yet, as the tariff policy vibrated
from 'high to low duties, the price of our agricultu
ral products also in exact unison, from high
to low. Lf>ok at the increased supplies of coiton
fiom 1825 to 1832. and the fall in priees during
•bat tirn“, and th^n look al the increased supplies
I oni 1832 to 1842 and mark the rise in prices in
the latter period But as soon as Congress passed
the high lanf!' bill cf 1842. behold how ihc price