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m T OI.UME 3. ♦ luiiiry or oppi'essiuu.”—Mauisort " The powers granted under the Constitution, being derived from the People of the United Slates, may be resumed by them whenever pervei CHARL.OTTE, MOMTe-CAllOi.Ii^A, MAY 30, 1845. Sll. Mecklciibiii’g Jeffersonian, EDITED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY JOSEPH W^AMFT®!. TERiSIS. The ^Jeffersonian'’ will be furnished to subscribers at TWO DOLLARS a year, ij paid in advance, >r irifhin one inavth from the commencement of the v:^ar, or THREE DOI.LARS. if not thus paid. Subscriptions may be sent by mail at the Editor's 7 Isk. proi'ided the postage i> paid. Advertisements will be inserted at One Dollar per qunre {lo lines) for the frsl lime, and Twenty-Jive ’Ills for each continuance. A considerable reduc- i>n will be 7/iade to those who advertise by the year. Candidates for oiticc. _2f '-Vt,'nreaatbnrixt'd toar.ncunrc CIIAKLES T. ALEX- \Ni'-^K, Jr.. a citiididati" at tlic next Aii^iusi election, for rc- to th'j oficc of Clerk of tlie Mecklciiburg County January-Oj IS 15. 95-te Charlotte Drug ^tore. JUT RECEIVED, ihe l>e st assorted supply of DRUGS, MEDICINES PAINTS, OILS. DYE STUFFS SPICES, SURGEONS INSTRU MENTS. VIALS, BOTTLES. SHOP FURNITURE. BRUSHES, SOAPS, CONFEC TIONARY, PERFUMERY. &.c.«fec., ever ofTered in this pliire. Also, a ^reat vnriely of Patent Medi cines. Country Merclianis, Pysiciiuis. and other dealers are respectfully invited to call and examine our stock, as we arc preparcil to ofl'er inducements to purchase for Cash, or to prompt dealers on the usual time. Orders from a distance will receive prompt altentiou. B. OATES, Druir^ist. May, 3, 1S44 TjO-f ~~'f’ W: are nuiliorl/-'.I to announce BIIALEY OATES as i i-:i:niiiiato at the ncxi A-.ijjust uleciion fur the otlice of Ckik if Mei'klt nburu (%)unty Court. January 21>, iSJ5. D3-te W. are auta v;.,, J :oa:.noi::K .\r,i:XA\DKll GllA- Jv^q.,a caiv.iiuaio at the next Augtist tlcc!;on for the iMi'.’f oi > '!- ik «if '.I -iL'urj l.'ounty Coi.rt. J.iiiifiry ~J, ?'-te liUtiil F. M'KNIiaiT, ' a candidat.' at the U('Xt Auiziust fh'Ction fur tiio ollice of I .‘ouniy Court C!‘ ik .if -\l'jcklen‘ urg C:iur.ty. Fel)ruary 7, 1S45. 95-te r’ We ar.' autI;or;zi.d to annoui.>:o W. KERR REID, a liiliidatf lit the next Au?:ust elLCtion for the Oliice of Uierk M ( klt'al'iir;; i ■ n:'"y M V> 1. .if- ■ a ''anti . i' ;; . M 7. k . Coi!i;’v Cour'. isr,. Schools for Hoys. ^ff^HE undert-iirned having esiablishoil his rcsl- A tJence in Caldwell county, will be prcpard abc ut the first of May next, to recive it\to his family a fen boys to cducate in company wi’h his own sons.— The course of instruction will be the usual and pre paratory University ot the Stale. 'I’he Charge', S125 p»*r aimum coverinir all expenst^s except books and sliitintinry. For further particu lars address ihe uiuler\£i'-rncd at Belevoir, near Lenoir, Caldwell county. N. Carolina. ■ THOMAB W MOTT. Feb. 4th, 1S45. 200 3t—alterwardts Imlf. Stat(* of North Carolina, DAVIDSON COUNTY. John B. Adderton, vs. Emeiine Adderton. PETITION FOR DIVORCE. IT appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that the defendant, Emeliric Adderton, is not an in habitant ol this State: It is tlurelbre ordered by the Court that publication be mad'.' for three months in the Carolina Watchman, printf'd at Salisbury, and the Mecklenburg .lelfersonian, nrinted at Charlotte, that the said Emeiine Addertoi appear at our next Superior Court of Law, to be -tdld Ibr the County ot Davidson, at the Court House in Lexington, on the 1st Monday alter t'le 4th Monday ol Sepleml>er next, and answer the said petit.on, or said petition will be heard eay parte and ju. ament awarded ac cordingly. Witness. Andrew fhml. Clei v of our said Court at Otfice, the 1st Monday after the 4th Monday ol March, A. D. 1845. S 3m- fee ^10. ANDREW HUNT, c. s c. d. e/Veit? and Handsome Q*.i .-■..■.iZcM to «nno’.!iice II. .SIMPSON ate f»;r tiif OlVii'ti. ol cl* rk of the 5?ii])criov court It the nvxi August olectioti. P?..te. V'V> ar? atithoiizt'd to r.nn iunoe 3I1LAS 31. LEM, ':.\i S, .iiatf tht Dilu i of clerk of th.? b'uiu-rsor ' !•: coiiaiy, at the August oicciion. 3iuro!i ", 1343. 90 .te a:; authorized to a.'inounr# JOSKII T. DR.M'FIX, j : : , .1 ;-.n; ii.late at t!;e :i'xt .\ni:a-t election, for the oflico ' .k ; L p ■'Ti L ui.i:. ■ I ' !i \~12. 202., te \\e are now receiving and opening a mOK STOCK Of SPH;fSC5 ytj vviley & Goor§e W. Suggs inf^nu ih«’ eifiZf s ot Ci.arintio and :t.s vicini ty. that Uu'v h.ive ope/ieii a bliop on mailt slriM'i. .squares south of the CciTthouse. whtM'e they intend to carry on the r.LACKS.MITHlNG BUSl 'nT.SS ia a’ti i‘-> various 'jranches. Thetr work be iie,ne in the very brt and tTio?t sui)?tantial . r. tMvV V redue- .! j rict si; 'M.- v v/iU shoe iii;rscs all rouini iVr 75 I'enl.^, aiul ali other work Ml propoiion. All l.inds ol'c:‘Uiitry r-roduce will be •:iken :.r rlic niarkrl pri ’C : Cl.a;.' -iiv. Jan. iO. ioJ-3 QUALrriE'^ MEDICl.'^ES, PAINTS, PiiRFyMERY & FANCY MaLHBT'*331®^® ri'^HE subscriber has received direct from Phila JL dclphia, an extensive assortmenl of and other articles, comprising new and fashionable 1? IS :ls S'IS* ‘TT 3 all of which arc Fresll and ami i be sold as low as can be atl’ni.ltnl. Physicians, presci put up with panic.jlar care. Every article soiv.’ warranted to be as represented. Pur chasers Will approved Medicines. Mr. J.L. Henderson, late of Sulisburyj who lias considerable experience as an apo-becaiy, will be ui the shop at all times to attend lo ihe busjaees. All orders will receive the most prompt attention. VVM. S. NORMENT. Charlotte, March 26, 1S45. i^02 r doubt but that if fainiti^* slioulJ dt sohite our fair coun' try in his day, he will be on*- of the bist surviyors MU ROBERT A MAXAVELL’s i'ARM. OF ALI VAIJIE'I'IE.S AND U. TiJ'>MAS C. r.M.li sVl'J.L has r‘tnoved hi-^ resiiif.'ii’f't.) Mr.\''il!i ini M')rri.?’s. 10 miles ’ oi Ciiarlotro, where he uiU he i'ound at ali times, !e.>s absent on proft‘>;-ional bu^^itiess. I'crsons not acipiriinted u ith Dr. C’., arc referred lh,e C(::r>tr,u::i \-( f r.f'.I.y IJi.i.T. where he has ^hci : pr.u’iii'. ,|, April 1, IS 13. 201 lycar i Notice. i Lfi i- ’e'ii.-J (0 the (?' o Dr. Stephen * ^ F.i.x d( cea'Cd, .are re;[U‘vicd to cfiiiie i’orwaril .aedi itely .;ud makt‘ selilemerit with tlie ailminis- • • : ; >; ti.i'ir i ■! s or aec :'j;it v. ill be found in the of an o-K. er. I’romj-l at'.en'iun to tiiis will ' -'ve COat. : >7. 1S4 1. c. T. ALEXAXDF.il, } j, .lUSEPll V/. ROSS, 1. C2- TAYLOLI would respect fully ofier his s^’rvicos in the [trac* Oce of Medicini; to the citizens of Cliar- latte and vicinity. Hi:=; oilice is the one fiirnierlv occtipi d by the ('h-rk ol the ' '.liitv court—i;ne door i;;»ri!i of the Cliarloite Drug * re*. Cases committed to hia care will receive }'e,actual aiul faiihfnl antMiiion. 'l.arlolle, Janu Ary, 131'). 03—ly State of north Carolina. rXION COUNTY. : ■ Hi of Picas and Quarter iSessions, April Term^ 1845. Lee Osborne r.5. Wm. Godfrey and others. .'^’Ci Fa to subject Heal Estate,—Justi.ie’s Judgment. IT appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that Wilson Godfrey, Jas. G. Godfrey, Samuel God- Irey, Wm. Godlrey, Richard Godfrey, George H. 'j^dlrey, Elizabeth Godfrey, (who intermarried with Nathaniel Grady,) Charlotte Godfrey, (who inter- rnarried with Wm, Moore.) Harriet Gillespie, (wid- "vv,) and Thos. W, Pegucs. Ricl.ard Pegues, Enoch Pegues, Mary Jane Pegues, Sarah Ann Pegues, (who intermarried with Milas Osborne,) Soj)hia Pe gues. Harriet Pegucs, (children of Sarah Pegues, ''■ho ,vvas one of the cluldren o( Thomas Godfrey, 'lec’d,) and Samuel and Thomas Saunders, (child ren o( Mary Jane Saunders, dec’d,) also one of the ‘“luldren of the said Thomas Gotlfrey, decM, his heirs at law, reside beyond the limits of tliis State : It is theretbre Ordered by the Court, that publica tion be made in the Mecklenburg Jeffersonian for six weeks, notilying the said Defendants to be anti ap pear at the next Court of Pleas ant* Q,uarter Ses- ^ons, to be held for the County of Union, at the Court House in Monroe, on the 1st Monday in July iiext, 10 shew cause wherefore the lands descended 0 them Irom Thomas Godfrey, dec’d, should not be pay the above Judgment, interest and cost. « Stewiirt, Clerk of our said Court Ulhce, the 1st Monday in April, 1845, and in the ''i.^ay ninth year of American Independence. '-6vv. HUGH STEWART, c. u which w’e intend to sell low tor ('ASH. H e solicit a c:ill from persons wishinir to buy CiCK)DS. before purcliasing elsewhere, as we are deferntineil to sell as low as the house who say they will sell tiie cheap est—in ctl-er words, we will sell lower than any house in this rdace. CoiUf* and try us. BREM & ALEXANDER. Ciiarlotte. N. C. April 10, 145. J^iist to Hand! A SPLENDID ASStlRTMKNT OF JEWELLERY EMBRACING Ladies’ and Gentle mens*' (lold and Silver L E E R WATCHES; gold Guards and Fob Chains and Keys; Breast Pius; Fin ger 1« iniis ; iroKl and silver Pencils ; sienuine silver table and tea Spoons—German silver do.; fine pocket and pen Knives; Butter and Fruit do.; and various other articles in my line, which will be sold extremely low tor cash. Call and see. All kinds ol Repairing in tlie silversmith line done neatly, expeditiously, and on moderate terms. THOMAS TROTTER. March 28, 1845. 202 f STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. U N I O \ C O U N r Y . Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, April 'Term, 1845. Jane Gathings and others, tv. David A. Covington and otliers. PETITION FOR DIcTt^IBUTION AND DIVISION CF NEGROES. IT apjiearing to the salistaclion of ihe Court, that Sampson Gathing, one of the Defendants in this case, resides beyond the limits oi this State: It is therelbre Ortlered by the Court that publication be made for s'X w^eeks in the, Mecklenbvirg Jetlersonian, printed in the town of Charlotte, N. C., notify ing the Defv^ndant, Sampson Gathingi=, to appear at the next, Court of Pleas ami Gtuaiter Sessions, to be held for the County of Uiuon, at the ('ourt House in Monroe, on the 1st Monday in July m^xt, and plead, answer, or demur to Plaintill’s petition, or the same will be heard ex parte as to him. Witness, Hugh Stewart, Clerk of our said Court, at Oflice. the 1st Monday in April, 1845, and in the sixty-ninth year ol American Independence. 7-Gw. HUGH STEWART, c.u.c.c. AGRICUl/niKAL, From the South Carolina Teinpcraucc Advocato. AGRICULTURAL SOCIKTV OF PKNDLLTOX. REPORT Of the Committee os Farris, nid-'e to the Society on tht 10/A Oct., lS-i4. ‘ I MR. THOMAS >1. SLOAN’s FARM. ^i'he Commiilee coinmrnccd their operations by visiting the farm of Mr, 'j’houns M. Sloan on the ItjLh S pt- 'I'his farm consists of about one hun (lied and thirty acres of low f^rounds,.on the Sene ca liver, and as much, or a greater number of actes ol good upland. It has always been regarded as one of very great value, iiot only by reason of the great natural feriilily, but also durability of its luw ground?. The Commitlee have not been able to decide up on its present, compared with its former, productive poweis; but judging from the eviJ* nc-. s presented to them, by the heavy erop of corn and p( a vim- now upon the land, they are of opinion that th»' management of the proptietor has bttn at least such as to enable him to reap a rapivl succession of abun Jant crops for the last twenty years, wiUiout male riallv impairing its value. ' 'J'lii'. however, is only applicable to the low grounds; the upland fields have not lired so well Li'her by reason of a too rapid s'lcct ssion ol tillage crops, or by the total negltrcl of guard drains, or in SBHlltnm pimntn% BOOK-BINDER, Returns lus sincere thanks lo a generous pub lic for the liberal patronage heretofore extend ed to him, and begs leave to say that he continues to carry on the BOOK—BINDING business in all its branches. He will be thankful for work in his line, and promises to execute all orciers j>romptly and in a superior style. And as monev is scarce tjuch articles of domestic produce as are generally consumed in a family, will be taken in payment for Idnding, at the market price. 39d- December 9, 1S43. rriHE OfHce of the ''Mecklenburg Jeffersonian:\ ■ is now supplied with a handsome assortment of plain and fancy Job Type, and wc are prepared to execute ail descriptions of c. c. In u very superior style and at short notice....cheap Orders for printing €irc;ular$, Handbills, L.atoels, Pamphlets t STILL continues the practice of medi cine ia Charlotte, and will give careful attention to all cases confided to his skill His office is No. 6, White Row of the Mansion House. His cfiarges, as here- . -I,, ehall be moderiito. Apr.ln 1813 Cards, Blanks, Ball Tickets, Will be carefully and correctly executed without delay, and forwarded to order. No charge will be made if the work is not correctly done. Charlotte. N. C., April 18, 1845. LAND DEEDS for sale, at this Officc, all [uobabiiily both, a portion ol the upland field i nave shared/to some extent, the fate so commonly atte ndant tipon our agricultural operations, of being washed into gullits, and otherwise inatenally impo verished. The Committee wore gratified lo discover that Mr. Sloan has become fully awakened lolheimpor lance of the subject; has recently constructed sev eral guard drains by way of expenment; and seems deieriiiintd lo extend them as tar a? may seem ne cessary to ihe safely of his upland fields. So fiir as his uplands are concerncd. the proprie lor has adopted a rotation consisting of a tillage crop and small grain alternauly. On the low ground.s, he informed us ho was in the habil ol cul livalirig two successive Ullage crops, and every third year a crop of small grain. Mr. Sloan regaids the Pea crop as one of very great value. We found U co extensive with liis eu lire corn crop; and allhouch laige quaniiiits are gathered annually as provender for sioi k, yet a still greater tpianliiy must necessarily be relumed to the soil, and to this, as a principal cause, the Committee are disposed to ascribe the durability ol these low grounds, together with that of several other farms, similar in all respects to the one under consideration. The crop on this farm was good throughout, and consisttd of an equal number of acres of corn and cotton. The quantity to the hand, \vas fourteen acres, exclusive of small grain. 'Phe wheat ciop was said to be good, and fir be yond the quantity required for domestic consump lion. The; hogs were very fine, principally of the Beikshire breed. The catlle; were not seen by ib» Comtniiiee. The farm houses, consisting of stables, corn cribtf, cow houses, el cetera, were very good, and the horses in good condition. The last object to which the attention of ihe Committee was directed, was, an excellt nt grist Mill, a very superior Threshing machine, a Cotlon gin, a Culling machine, a Corn sheller, and a Corn crush er, ail under oi.e roof,and capable of being employ- td ai the same time, or separuu ly, as desired The Coinmiltee were much pleased with this ex traordinary co.nbination of mechanical and labor ing operations I’hey regard this establishment not only as one of gnat convenience but of profil also. In conclusion, the Commiitee, after all they have seen on this farm, have come lo the conciuson, that Mr. Sloan is a successful planter. And from the amount of old corn, and other evidences of abund ance which every where met the eyej they have no This farm, like the pr^ce'ding, is one of very great value, consisling of extensive low grounds, of remarkable fertility, and of a still larger amount of upland. The iow lands were exclusively appropr.;* aied to the culture of corn, intermixed with peas, and the uplands to the cotton crop, 'I’he Commiitee have no data on which to base a calculation as to whether this l:irm has improved or degeneraud But from the acknowle dgment of the jnopiielor. that his oporuiions, especially on his low giotinds, had not been governed by any regularly ( iblishdd lotatiou, the Crmniittf-e are* disposed to inh r. noew iihstatrJiug the c.iop was highly supe'rior throughout, that his %frorts heretofore* have been di re cJod more towards the maintenance of its gene ral productive powers. thai lo any great improvement of ihnn. Necessity is a stern law, and one whose requisitions are most commonly complied with.— But a habitual reliance upon resouice? that never fnil, and iie-ve^r deceive us. li* apt to lull ihe^ rnind m to a state ef apathy, if riot false secuiily, which can not fail to leiard our progiess in ihe prostculic^n of .igrifuUuial uH^Tprii'es and improvements. The CoiJimillee ai’ firmly of the opinion, that afte'r wiiiits-.ing th' low grounds, not only on Tvl:-. .Maxwfll’s faim, but also those on the other river farms which they have examined, and wi'h a full knowledge of the ir gre at recuperative powers, that ihe adoption ef a moie lenient lolulion, in c.jnnex ion wh/th oth r .Tuxiliary meat;?, would it iush and (nrichthe low i.,pidiy, and nt'the same limy increatc the ar.n-’al proli's of the platiler. The CommilU c u^re graufitd to discover ihal the proprit U)r, as if s^e n&iijle ed' ihtj imjiortance of this policy, hud uncks u.jy un LVpiMiment wilh the red chiver. cov. ; iii^i an aiea ol iLirty acrts, and in tended in due iim Ui be ^ivt ii to the land, wlsich Uiough unpromiMrig. by tea^. n of the exliaordina- ary drought tliai l.a I .ifllicuu the country duiing ih,? jailer part or ihi j?on, may, ne-vf-rtlu less, un der iii'^rc fav(Mabi ciicumstances. piove a source of in'erest as "^'til piofit to the- owne r. 'I'he Conii7*i'^' were also mioimed by M'. Max •.Veil of an rtsuk of which wlitn v’ompIe;tid, he has j;!:miised to iay before the Socie ly. ihat will no doubt ,;r>?ve a source of interest as well as of instruciion, lo a.'l '''ho are inlerected in the impoilant business of wasto and worn out lar.ds. 'I'his expeiime i.t u.'^S m^'ie upon a field thickly se t with sedije* grass, wh^c.*‘ wa? hrst turned in, and w ill be followed this yea,' '•vilii a crop of rye, to be also given to the land, wiihpiu^'* to be in due lime applied in the san'C way. 'I’he alifntion e f the Commiitee was also drawn to an txperimr nl at manuring a very exhausted pi ce of I t; 1 wiili leavcS spi- ud upon ibc c-ur^ucc and pltiw^hed in, wiih a sjiadn full of swamp mud to each hil! 'I’he' result when compared with a portion of llu sune fit Id not ihus maoagi d. was said lo be the uifTet* rice- between an ear and a nub bin. But as Mr. Maxw 11 l,as lurnishid a reply lo the interion;iioiIf s addnssed lo the* several com- peiilors, ill uhicfi this e.xpe'iimeni will be fully de- t/iiled, the Committee* decline ofreiiug any further observations on the* subj* cl. In the cullivauon of the uplands upon this firm, which are e-xclusive ly appropiiated to cotton, the propiittor has illustrated :n a very satisfactory and convincing manner, the advantages of honz>nial [>lou2biog, or that mar app''oach to it, which provides lhai «ach fuirow shall convey away its own superabundance of water, and yel so gtnlly as lo leave the soil behind. 'I'his object ha^ b'-, n fully nccomplish'jJ by ^Ir. .M-ixwell, wilh ihe e'xcepuon of a few poiiib', ihro’- out the cotton crop of more* ihau one hundred cicre's. And although a considerable portion of these lands have bfen in cultivation for many years, and some* of ihem consist f>f siee*p hil! sides, yet no gulIifS Wi re* s en by the Commitlee, or other prool «)f material injury tre>n> nastimg i.way of ih** soil In the business of gund drains, i\lr. Mixwcll has not y(‘t emhaiked. But so thoroughly has he be- CTine convinced of their mdi^penstble impoilance. Ihat we have reason to expect that by the next annt veisary of our Sooi ty, through a conibmalion of guard drains and iuteu midiale horizontal culture,*, this farm will • xhibil the most unq lestionable proofs of refined agrii'ultural operations As to manuring on this farm, the quantity made, and the manner of making and applying it, the Commiitee beg leave io refer to the reply lo the interrogatories. 'I'tie stork of horses exhibited to the Commitlee we>rf of good (p)ality, though not in fine condition, owing no doubt to the fact that the proprietor as* signs a greatei number of acres to each hois*j than is usually done. '1‘he caltle were very fine and of improveeJ bretd. 'I’he hogs were also highly supe rior, and g* tieiallv>f the Beik^hire breed. And here '.he Cofiimitiee beg leave lo slate a fad vvhich has a mateiial bearing upon the relative merits of ihe B- ikshi-e and the original stock of the country, (alias land pik*s.) A lot of the conrnon stock, some eight or ten in nutnber, about tqual in age , and re*ared under tqually favorable circumstances, wilh a much larger lot of Beiksbiies, were cloj'ely observed by the Committee; the contrast was :nos' disparaging lo ihe native breed; they were not only much smaller, but e vjlenily much less thrifty. As to ihe agricultural implements on this farm, they were sufficit ritly numerous and of good qual ity, and the same merit was due lo the negro and other farm houses, wMlh but lew exceptions. greatest magnitude, and the one which more than all others combined, tends to frustrate our agricuf* tural operations, and impoverish our fields, is that which we sufTer from heavy falls of.rain, and tho consequent washing of our lands. It is true that tillage does its part, tspe cially when unconnected with a rotation of crops, tending to give rest, and impart refreshment to the soil. But compared witfi the other rnisclrief. it is but as the drop in the buck et. To this, as a principal cause, is to be ascribed the almost incalculable amount of worn out and waste lands, and yawning gullies, which disfigure and disgrace almost every farm that meets our eye ihrougfiout our country. It is this ruinous tenden cy, unchecked bv a single contrivance, but as tame ly submiued lo as i.^ it were one of the irresistible dt crces of destiny, which has led to the suicidal pol- IION JOHN C CALHOUN S FARM. The CoiHiniUee next proceeded, lo examine the firm of the Hon. John C. Calhoun, and a lihough it may be truly said that nature has done much for it, yet to its proprietor clearly belongs ihe merit of very sufierior management. Acting upon ihe theury, (hat lands possessing the greatest natural iertility, must ultimately bv:COine e.xnausied by a too rapid succession of tillage crops without some aib cpiaie return; and fij^m the de- siruclive efle*cts of w'a^hing rams, Mr Calhoun seems to have found a resource for the former, in the culiivaiion of the pea ciop, and for the latter in the application of the guard d'lains to his trpland fields, evidently equal to the necessities of his posi tion in both respects. The Committee are of opinion, that the evil of icy of abandoning fit Ids as soon as their or'iginal fertility became exhausted, and felling the forest in Sfarch of '.he means of further subsistence; and fi nally it is this which has caused so many thousanc’s of our coun’rvmcn to exchange “ their own their native land,” wilh all its lender endearments, forthe I'tils. privations and dangers of our western frontier. Deeply impressed with the importance of this su'.ject, the Committee were both gratified and in- sirucled by the extraordinary management of Mr. Calhoun. Ly which, through the instrumentality of guard drain? on all his upland fields, placed at such dislanct’s apart, and graded in such strict conformi' ty to hydrt/Siaiic principles, that bis upland fields, even ihcse of ibe greatest dccliviiy. have sustained almost as liitle injury from l!ie heaviest falls of rain, r.s ’.he ! icii low binds at their base. 'i'ho Commii.iee are aware ihat such a statement is iilcfJv to bo regardi '.1 as the offspring of that cn- ih’.i^'asm ir. reference to agricultural enterprises and irnprovemcijls. wliich well directed experiments loo ofien prove lo Le fallacious. But regarding the farm of Mr. Calhoun as the first, if not the only- one, in ibis scction of our country, upon which this policy has been fuily illustrated, and cs furnishing proof approacliin^ to mathematical certainty, of the fjcis stated by the Commiiire, they have deemed it a diUv inciii.'^bent on ihein. lo bring to the notice of our planters, not onlv the principles upon which this measure has been conducted, but also the re sults which have followed. Tiif ir aitrniion was first directed to Fort Hill, a tield of about fi.rty acres, te-rminating at its base on the one sid»;. in the low grounds tmd conne'cttd with the upiatids on iIjC oppo.'^iie side*, by a depiessiqn considerably lower llian its summit. This field, oy reason of its descending in e very direction, necessa- nly re.'juirfd lo bo literally belltd with guard drains. Ce rtain points appeared to have been selected, at >'hicij ii:e water could be discharged w’ith the great- tsi ‘,V‘ftlv, and a series of drains were directed round ihe hill descent just sufficient to convcy awav tlii) y^* ger/.ly a.« not lo e.nlarge or deepen theiV channels, 'j’he number of these drains was made correspond with the necessities of the field, as deter.T.jacd by the amount of its de clivity, being more numei-t’JS and nearer each ether w'here the descent was greatest. The Cominiitee w’ere not ioiOil'Ucd as to the amount of (hi.^ descent, or deviation from the hori zontal line. Bui judging from the e ye, they u'crei supposed lo tq'iai from three to five feet in Ihe hun dred yards. As a finther measure of precaution, the interme diate diill rows were run out horizontally, or nearly so; an arrangement which, by the aid of the first great measure of safety to the soil, seemed to have enabled each furrow to retain its own water, or (o have parted wilh it so gradually as not lo leave a trace ol iho slightest injury. 'I'he Committee did not learn how long this ccic* brated hil! had been in cultivation, though appear ances justify the conclusion that it must have been cloafed thirty or forty years: yet, notwithstanding ihe soil was evidently good originally, judging from the very heavy crop ed corn and pea vine now upon the land, the Commiitee are induced lo believe i's nrod'jciive powers have soa diminished. In other hands, or even in ihe bands cf the pro prietor himself, had the nbovo prccautionarj' meas.- ures been omiiled, the field must ere now have ex hibited ill many places a series of gullies and abra ded surlacs, and been destined soon to take rank >viih the waste an J worn uul lands of our counlry. 'I’he remai ling portion of the uplands on this f riTi, wilh the exception of various patches in the vicinity of the homestead, were appropriated to cot lon. And although ihe greater part of them was fresh land, that had been but a few years in cultiva tion, yet, fully impressed wuh the importance of upland drains, and acting upon the policy that it were easier lo prevent than to remedy nn evil, a sufficient number of them to protect-ibe lands have been already made, wiih the same caution, and wilh ihe Sime success attendant upon those on Fort Hiil. 'i’he amount of land required for these drains is very inconside'rable, and the amount of soil convey ed away through them, though comparatively small, may often be diverted, as we saw it done in several instances on Mr. Calhoun’s faim,to some impover ished spot which would be improved, or to some wft depression which ihry would elevate and re claim. 'i'ise I )w groumis on this farm were exclusively appropriated lo the corn crop, intermixed with peas throughout, 'Fiie corn crop was very fine, and the entire surface of the earth was covercd with the moit luxuiiant crop of pra vine we ever witnessed. By reason of Mr. Calhoun’s absence, ihe Com mittee are unnifornied as to his management of the pea crop, nor do they know any thing conccrniug his rotation of crops, Bui all concur in ihe opinion that a return annually to tho soil, of the vast amount of pea-vine, on each acre of land, would amount to an adequate compensatiori f^r all that is taken from it by the corn crop. The stock cn this farm, ccnslsling of horses, hogs and cattle, were of good blood and in fine condition, 'I’he farm houses were suificienlly numerous, and both comfoJt'iMe ntid convenient. And ibis was more tspeciaily tho case with the negro house, which consisted of a building of stone of superior masonry, two hundred and ten feet in length; divi ded into aparlmenle, wiih separate fire places, suffi ciently large far all the purposes of comfjrt and healthful venlilation. The Commiitee, in conclusion, have no hesitation in pronouncing the management upon this farm
Mecklenburg Jeffersonian (Charlotte, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
May 30, 1845, edition 1
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