The powers granted undtr the Constitution, being derived from the People of the Vaiied States, may be resumed by them ^shencver perverted to their injury or oppression^'*—Madison.
\ OLlJjPi O.
CIIARI^OTTE, XORTH-CAROLIiVA, JUIVE 19, 1846.
MKCIvLE.' BIRG JEFFERSONIAN.
1 DITKD / PUiiLISIIKD WF.RKLV, BV
JOSBF1' W._EAMjPTON.
TERnS.
^Jeffersoi w:t7Z he furnished to subscribers
I
riyo DOL^^AJIS a year, ij paid in advance,
one n froiu the commencement of the
Tllllh^ JJOLfjAfiS, if not thus paid
I'ptions nwy he sent by mail at the Edilor^s
nded tl ^ p>‘'^t(is;e i& paid,
isemen vdl ba iu-f-rtedat One JJuUar per
^^linex for the. JirsL time, and Twenty five
each > yntinudnre. A considerable reduc-
'/e null ' those who advertise by the year.
XE W AND BE AUTIFL L
r
. BuMhc.S6
illoitir:‘ ioUl i>r hi.'^r.rUd ‘jixt year J'or So,— [f not
in
mil R''
c., H'-r’
Blth
mci R t
ir-*. f-ri
w w
1 ^cnlt r :ri
coriif r }Hii
I»rv G jo'Is, Clrororjes, llard-
ilif squiire, (‘liatlij'N', N. C.
FOR CASH!
CHARLES E, MOSS '
WOULD reepectfully iiifonn his friends and the
public generally, that he is now receiving a
large and Kpleudid assortiDeni ot
Spring and Summer
which he oilers for sale at rodiicpd prices (or
CASH. Hid Slock consists in part of liie lollow-
‘f 4 ALI^XaSDEII,
1 ’.i.'inf?, 3 (luorp n*rtli of the public
Bid*; lua ti  hariott*', N. C.
C( SCOllJ) IJOTi:!u
:’h of ti : Cf.ur: .ii?n, ''•.n'-ord, N. C., by
/
It
h
/i i VJD T CALDWELL.
11 ‘ orrri' riy Iinrn'iied l>y !\Tr. Watson, necond
III Mruii htrtt t.
CO
F A ■ I O N » h I. »; I’ A I 1, O R ,
loo sot,t;i -M J. n. fcT' tr’a Tuvcrn,
(JH.\UL«,1'TK, N, C.
~ TO l{i:\T.
dt:-irt'»le Ilorise aid I^ot with pvory
'est^ar ' coiivrn icrice iti the town ofCliiir-
e. I' >r luriher ]»articulur3, ap])ly to P
rtjon,
J. M. IIAPPOLDT, Trustee,
in. 1 16. 41-k
llriaoval.
I IIOM. S i'. CALDWELL has removed
resiilcii e to Mr.WilliMii, Morri&’s. 10 niilee
itarlottt^ wh‘re he u ill be found atall iitue«,
;('nt on prott'ssional hu^incps.
not ?> luaiiiH'd with l>r. C., are referred
■imuiii y of Rocky tlivcr, where he has
{ ; acnM 1.
in:r, Viz:
LABXES*
iliii
of every description, includin? the
ttvles of BAciEGES. OPvGANDlES, SPLEX
DID SILKS, LAVV;\S, CALICOES, &c.
a? 53
most elpfiant
the territorial claim of Russia to 54® 40', confining
her to the coast and islands, and leaving the con
lihent out to »he Rocky mountains, to be divided be*
t'veen the United States and Great Britain by an
afireemfnt between themselves. The emperor
finished up his own business, and quit the conce'n
; In fiicl, it would seem, from the promptitude, mod
OREGON Q,UEST10X.
SPEECH OF Mr. BENTON,
On the Oregon Ciuestion, in the U. S. Senate, May 22, 1346.
Mr. Benton rose and addressed the Senate as
follow’s :
Mr. President; The bill before the Senate pro
posts to extend the sovereignty and jurisdiction of j eration. and fairness with which he adjusted all dif-
tht' United Slates over all our lerritorirs west of the i ferencrs both with the United Stales and Great
Rocky nT.ountains, without saying what is the ex- j Britain, that his only object of issuing the alarm
tent and what aie the limits of this territory. This | inr ukase of 1821, was to brin® those powers to a'
is w’Fong, in my opinion. We ou^hl to define the j setilement, acting upon the homely, b»jt wise maxim
limits within which our agents are to do such acts i that short settlements make long friends,
as this bill contemplates, otherwise we commit to • These are the circumstances out of which the
ihem the solution of qtKsiions which we find loo | British and American conventions rre\v with Rns-
hard for ourselves. This indt finite extensions of
authority, in a case which rrquirts the utmost pre
Xr]>[BERi »60.
to be enough to quiet the ex^iiemeot hicli has
been got up about it; but there is morel come. I
sal oui without saying that, although ^ fifty-four
forly w’as never established as a norlhefb boondnry
for the United States, yet it was prop()2^ to be es.
tabiished ns a iorihern boundary, not ^ but for
Great Britain! and thal proposal was riad. to Great
Britain by oursolves. This must 80| d like a
strange statement m the ears of the fifiyft jr-forties,
^bui it is no more strange than true; ant& ifter stal
ling the fact.«, I mean to prove them. S e plan of
ihe United Stales at that time w*as this: p,it each of
the three powers (Great Britain, Ruiii , and the
Uniled States) having claims on the nqrtl’vest coast
. . of America should divide thecountry fa\:een them
sia in the years 1824 and 1825. 'J'hey'are public I each taking a third, in this plan of ^ ticn each
treaiifs, open to all perusal, and eminently worthy | was to receive a share of ihe contineni^i ti the sea
of being read. I vvil! read the ihird article of each ' to the Rockv mountains, Russia taking he north*
nd Great
fott for her
cision, forcfs me to speak, and to give my opinion
of the true extent of our territories beyond the Rocky j —the one which applies to boundaries—and which i orn slice, the United States the southern^
mountains. I have delayed doing this duiing the j will confirm all that I have said. The article in Britain the centre, with fifty four foB
whole session, not from any desire to conceal my ; the convention with ihe United States is in these
opinion?, (which. In fact, were told to all that askt’d j words:
“Art. 3. It ifl moreover agreed, that, hereafter,
there shall not be formed, hv the citizens of the Uni
ted Stales, or under ihe authority of ihe said Slates,
any establishment upon the northwest roas/ of Ameri
ca, nor in anv of the islands adjacent, to the north i !!!«
ol fifty four degrees and forty mi nuts o\ north la»i-
for them.) but because I thought it ihe, business of
negotiation, not of legislation, to settle these boun
daries. I wailed for negoiiation; but negotiation
lags while events go forward; and now we are in
the process of acting upon measures fpon ihe ad
option of which it may no longer be in the power
either of negotiation or of legislation to control the
events to which they may give lise. ^J'he bill be
It.
ri ^ A \ A F-nT/^ t forc US is withoul definiiinn of the territory to be
BUllI^fL FhE.\CII, AiSt) AMERICAi occupied. And why this vagueness in a case re*
qtiiring the utmost precision ? Why not define
the boundaries of these territories? Precisely be
CLiOTHS,
CJassimeres and
fc3
rS)
£)
of the newest ytvl^'J and most Inshionahlr^ color:;.
LEGHORN, PANAMA AND PALMLEAF
HAT8,
vl *.
2ul lycar
W SPJ lHa SUMMEK
fjBOIIS!
i AUSO:^" & €0.
'X. »
II' p|(>, ore to announce to their Iriends
toiiirr: Lhai thev are now ri'Cfiving and
•riiitim ‘ to fcctMve lor sevtM'iil weeUsi
10 i oil c, a iM'w ami exiciisive
ocgorlment o-f •* '
l";jslii >nal)Ie Spring
and Sunimcr
w##€
Will II WILL RE
'»?lu to itii
SOLD
J intc6.
The latest Paris «-haped PEARL, GIMP, FLOR
ENCE. BRAID, and RUTLAND STRAW
Eleifant rich frinire«l RIBBONS, LACES, EDG
INGS, and INSERTINGS.
PARASOLS, UMBRELLAS and SHADES,
GLOV'^ES of various kinds and latest styles,
LADIES MOROCCO BOOTS,
And black and colored KID SLIPPERS,
Gecllemcn’s BOOTS and SHOES
of every description.
Brown SHEETINGS, SHIRTINGS, IRISH
LINENS, &c.
A SPLEi\ml) STOCK OF
GROCERIES,
A
general assortment of
'J HE in i>T(X'K OF'
'\
CiiOODS,
found jufil, if not piiporior, to any ever
1 in th m; rkef, t^ which they niosl
. pecirul ipvMf* the attention of the
J.ADIES.
• have n so ;i very lar^c and bcaii-
til il a.'isortincnt of
cicnil ‘lUfiiN siinimer wear,
.IcFcr 1 on. which will he sold at unusual-
\v prices. Tlu ir str>ck i \ part comprises
Super 'Murk Ficnh ('laths; Black and
('asivit es [new sf>/les—cheap ;) Sum-
f'i'dhs. 'jfimhro'jtis, and Line?/ Drills,
hi n. - ihjlra ;) Rfd'h/ Made
th (h »«■, [vt'Tif I n'prices;)
■i ( 'laf^. Cravats, and Suspev-lers ;
‘ • B'llz- riji>\ Barage and Organdie
U ( ich and h e.aultUd st)/les ;)
1‘ irk M do infw pafter/is;)
Rich I erv' ! l mnl Barage
Mu n -:5. ( neu' a -'d sph ndid\)
’ led, y. *fht r Xt:t Sh nrls. (new and beau-
icle;) Silk Sltip'd Barage and MuS'
s. (-7 new :i>-ticle ;) A great
\ rjfih/ f y> ;r St>/le CulUcoes;
Rihbon Lncet, a ml Edgings;
M Sn'f^. Mil'll‘fi E i gi n and fnaertions;
• / 7ien (' mb- II m Sii/r/ied Ilaudker-
L'U^ I'-'-,' Erenrh Worked
>'ollar.‘ Swi>s. .hick’Htei and
^ %^bric Mu din5 ;
e r.f Cloves and IT'dserv;
: f N V E T // A TS. and SHOES;'
n \RDW RE SADDLERY and
Qi EE 'S U .4 R E; Prime
SK AR and COFFEE.
( all ei rl) aiul secure Bargains.
R. C. CARSON fc CO.
- . 9', 1S4( 51-tf
SSBsSa CUTLERY,
&c., &c.
He returns his thanks for the liberal patronajie
extended to him heretofore, and he assures the pub
lic that he can ami will continue to ofler greater in
ducements to Cash customers than any other house
in Charlotte.
May 12, 1S16. G2-tf
COACH MAKING.
Cliarles Overman
Wj OULD respectfully inform his friends and the
T T public that he is at his oh! stand, iw’o doors
noiih of the store ol Alexanner Beatty vfe Co., and
is now prepared to execute all work in the
2:^ od JF*;
AND
CAIWIAGE MAKING LINE
In most superb style. He is determined to date his
•iiccliHnical life from the 1st day of January, 1S4G.
His work shall be done better than ever similar
work was done in Charlotte, anti on the lowest pos
sible terms. The pulilic may re.st assured that all
wojk done by him shall be of the most substantial
character and orders filled w’ith dispatch.
Repairing done cheap, well, and in hasle.
Cljarlotie, Jan. 16, 1S46. 41
« Oi{\, W and BAC0*\,
FOH SAJkiS.
••rilir: s'thsrr iher has a I.irire quantity of CORN
I. ;n,d WHEAT I'lirscile at his piamation ai Beat
• K i'■ * , N. Pt rsons (iesirous oJ‘ purchasing
( . ^ )tl -I Lii't",” can be supplied by callinix on
A ?7 1S45. A, M. BURTON.
I S. I also have MEDITERRANEAN SEED
Vt HEAT for sale.
JVew Goncevn^
On the Cheap and Paskionablc Plan.
JOSHUA TROTTER
INFORMS his friends and the public, that he hns
set up on his ‘*own liook,” in ihe busmetsa oi
manufacturing
CARRIAGES, Ac.
He 13 at the old stand of Overman & Trotter, imme
diately opposite the Jail, and intends that his work,
lor neatness, tlurabilify, and dispatch in fillinir orders,
shall not he surpassed by any similar establishment
III the southern country.
CARRIAGES, BAROUCHE‘3, BUGGIES,
or witSioiit IIarii^«s
Will he made in a very superipr j:tyle of workman
ship, of ihe nest materials, and at very low prices.—
All he asks is for the public to give him a Inal, and
then it his work will noi stand the lest, he asks them
not for their patronage.
REPAIRING ot all kinds will be executed to or
der, and finished according to promise, at very low
charges.
N. B. Buggies, Carriages, &c., kept at all times
for hire.
Charlotte, Jan. 22, 1S46. 245-r
MEDJCAL NOTICE.
'S
. .. r> V uiu I ce»j>cci6
J-/ fully offer his eerviroe in the prac-
tiee of Medicine to the citizens of Char
lotte and vicinity. His ollice is the one
formerly occupied by the Clerk of the
County cou»'t—one door north of the Charlotte Drug
isore. Cases committed to his care will receive
punctual and faithfni attention.
Chariotie, January, 1345. 93-1 y
cause we do not know them 1 And this presents a
case which requires me to wait no longer for ne*
2otiation, but to come forw’ard with my own opin
ions, and to do what I can to prevent the evils of
vague and indefinite legislation. My object will be
to show% if I can, the true extent and nature of otir
territorial claims beyond the Rocky mountains,
with a view to just and wise decisions; and, in do
ing so, i shall endeavor to act upon the great tmxim,
Ask nothing but whal is right—submit lo noihing
ihal is wrong.
It is my ungracious task, in attempting lo act
upon this maxim, to commence by exposing error
at home, and cndeavoiing to clear up some grrat
mistakes under which the public riiind ha$ la«
bored.
It has been ass'jmed for tw*o years, and the aS'
sumption has been made the cause of all the Ore
gon excit‘*menl in the country, thal we have 0 divid
ing line with Ru.ssia. made so by the convention of
1824. along the parallel of fiHy four degrees lorly
minutes, from the sea to the Rocky mtunlains, up
to which our title is good. This is a great mistake.
No such line was ever established; and, so far as
proposed and discussed, il was proposed and discus
sed as a northern British, and not as a northern
American line. The public treaties will prove there
is no such lino ; documents will prove lhat. so far as
fifty four forty, from the sea lo the mountains, was
ever proposed as a northern botmdary for any pow'
er. It was proposed by us for the British, anil not
for ourselves.
To make myself intelligible in what I shall say
on this point, il is necessary to go hack lo the epoch
of the Russian convention of 1824, and lo r»’cal!
the recollection of the circumstances out of which
that convention grew. The circumstances were
these; In the year 1821 the Emperor Alexander,
acting, upon a leadin? idea of Russian policy (in re
lation to the north Pacific ocean) from the lime of
l^eter the Great, undertook to treat lhat ocean as a
slose sea, and lo exercise municipal authority over a
great extent of its shores and waters. In Septem
ber of that year, the emperor issued a decree, bot
tomed upon this pretension, assuming exclusive sov-
erei{:ntv nnd jurisdiction over both shores of the
north Pacific ocean, and over the high seas, in front
of each coast, to the extent of one hundred Italian
miles, from Behring’s Str/iits down lo latitude fifty-
one, on the American coast, and to ibrty-five on the
Asiatic; and denouncing the penalties of confisca
tion upon all ships, of whatsoever nation, that should
approach the coasts w'ithin the interdicted distances.
This was a very startling decree. Coming from a
ff-‘eble nation, it would have been smiled ol: coming
from Russia, it gfave uneasiness to all nations.
Cereal Britain and the United Slates, as having
the largpsi commerce in the north Pacific ocean,
and as having large territoriil claims on the north-
wfst coast of America, were the first to lake the
alarm and lo send remonstrances to St. Petersburg
against the formidable ukase. They found them
selves suddenly thrown together, and standing side
bv side in this new and portentous contest with
Russia. They remonstrated in concert, and here
the w’ise and pacific conduct of the Emperor A'ex*
ander displayed itself in the most prompt and hon
orable manner. He immediately suspended ihe
ukase, (which, in fact, had remained without exe
cution,) and invited the United States and Great
Britain lo unite with Russia in a convention lo set
tie amicably and in a spirit of mutual convenience
all the questions between them, and especially their
respective territorial claims on the northwest coast
of America. This magnanimous proposition was
immediately met by the two pow'ers in a corres»
ponding spirit; and, the ukase being voluntarily
relinquished by the emperor, a convention was
quickly signed by Russia with each power,settling,
so far as Russia was concerned with each, all their
territorial claims in northwest America. The Em
peror Alexander had proposed that it should be a
joint convention of the three powers—a tripartite
convention—settling the claims of each and of all
at the same lime; and if this wise suggosimn had
been followed, nil the subsequent, and all the pres
ent difficulties beiw'een the United Stales and Great
Britain with resppct lo ihis territory would have
been entirely avoided. But it was not followed: an
act of our own prevented il. After Great Britain had
consented, tht non colonization principh—the prin
ciple of pon colonization in America by any Euro
and lor that reason (Jreat Hruam chose to treat sep
arately with each power, and so it was done.
Great Britain and the United States treated sep
arately with Russin, and with each other; and each
came to agreements with Russia, but to none among
themselves. The agreements with Russia were
contained in tu’O conventions, signed nearly at the
same lime, ancf nearly in the same words, limiting
tune; and that, in the same manner, there shall be
none formed by Rus.«ian subjects, or under the au
thority of Russia south of the same parallel.”
Thi^ is the article which governs the American
boundary with Russia, confined by its precise terms
lo the islands and coasts, and having no manner of
relation lo the continent. The article in the British
conventim with Russi”’, Governing her boundary, is
in the same words, so (ar as the limit is concerned,
and only more explicit with respect to the continent.
Like our owm, it is the third article of the conven
tion, and is in these words:
“ Art. 3. The line of demarcation bclw’een the
possessions of the high contracting parties upon the
coast of the continent, and the islands of America
to the nothwest, shall be drawn in the nmnner fol
lowing: commencing from the southernmost point
of the island called Prince of Wales island, \vhich
point lies in the parallel of 54 deirrees 40 minutes,
north latitude, and between the I31st and 133il de
gree of west longitude, (meridian of Greenwich,)
the said line shall ascend to the n'lrth along the
channel called'Portland Channel, as far as the poim
of the continent., where it strikes the 56th degree of
north latitude ; from this last mentioned point to the
point of intersection of the 141st degree of west
longitude, will prove to be at the distance of more
than marine leagues from the ocean; *the limit
northern boundary and forty nine for her southern.
The document from w’hich I now reai will say
fifty-one; but lhat was the first ofTer; 'orty-nmo
was the real one. as 1 will hereafter shr.v. Iiis
was our plan. The moderation of Russ 1 defeated
That power had no settlements 00 tl u part of
rejected the contin^ tal sharo
which we ofTered her. She limited her ;lf to Iho
coasts and islands, where she had setlleti mts; nnd
left Great Britain and the United Stal* to sharo
the continent between themselves. But efore this
we had proposed to her fifty-four forty fo the Rus
sian southern boundary, and lo Greal I itain iho
same for her northern boundary. I fifiy'four
forty; for, although the word in the } *opositma
was fifty-five, y.Pi it was on the princi le which
gave fihy-four forty—namely, running from ihu
south end of Prince of Wales’s island, i pposed to
be in fifty five, but found lo have a point o it riiii-
ning down to fifty four forty. We propc ed this to
Great Britain. She refused it, sayitir he would
establish her northern boundary with H ssia, who
was on her north, ajid not with the Um -d Staicf,
who was on her south. This seemed r isonable;
and the United States then, and not until ihen, re
linquished the business of pressing fifty •)t>r forty
upon Great Britain for her northern bo ndary.—
The proof is in the Executive docutner 3. Hero
il is—a despatch from Mr Rush, our 1 inisler in
London, to Mr. Adams, Secretary ofts te, dated
December 19, 1823: ' -
“I at once-unfolded to him (Mr. (^nrn’ng) tho
proposals of my goverement, which war^ L Ttiat,
as regarded the country lying belweetl le Stony
mountains and the Pacific ocean, Grea| tain, the
United Slates, at^d Russia, should jointly nter into
a convention, similar in its nature to the lird arti
cle of the conreotion ol tJic 20tlt Octohar. 318, row
existing between the two former power^, *y which
the whole of that country westward ^ e Stony
mountains, and all its waters would be % *.ind dnea
lo the citizens and subjects of the thre^jM were as
long as the joint convention remained in ft) e. Thi.«,
my government proposed, should be for tl term of
ten years. 2. That the United States wet 1 willinir
to stipulate to make no settlements nortii# the 5Ul
degree of north latitude on that coai^' rovidecl
Great Britain stipulated to make none «oi hof 51,
or north of 55, and Russia to make none louth of
fifty-five.”
Here is the offer, in the most explicit '^rmi, in
1823, to make fifiy-five, which was in fact fly-four
forty, the northern boundary of Great Bfln'n; and
here is her answer ij lhat proposition^ It is iho
next paragraph in the s&me despatch froiH^ r. Rusli
to Mr. Adams:
“ Mr. Canning expressed no opinion|© any of
these points ; but his inquiries and rem!|i4\. under
lhat which proposes to confine the Brft^* settle
ments between 51 and 55, were oviuentlys •' a na
ture to indicate strong objections on hisei(|^ though
he professed to speak only from his first in.|> .‘ssioob*.
It is more proper, I fehould say, that his erticft.ia
w’ere directed to our proposal of not leuki Great
Britain go above 55 north, wiifi her cel|] mentf;
while we allowed Russia to come down to >at linu
with her?. In treating of this coast he had uppos-
ed lhat Great Britain had her northern Jeetiori
with Russia, as her southern with iheUnitei States,
He could see a motive for the United State? desir
ing to slop the settlements of Great Britaji south
ward ; but he had not before known of thei'desiro
desire to stop them northward, and, above f 1, over
limits conceded to Russia. It was to thi effeci
that his Buggesiions went.”
hirttveon tlvo British posaies^ions and the line of cocis/
which is to belong to Russia, ae above mentioned,
shall be formed by a line parallel to the windings
of the coast, and which shall never exceed the dis
tance o\' len marine leacrues therefrom. And the
line of demarcation shall follow the summit of the
mountains situated parallel to the coast as far as the
point of intersection of the 141st degree of west
longitude, (of the same meridian;) and finally, from
the said ]>oint of intersection, the said meridian line
of the 141st degree, in its prolonL'ation as far as the
Frozen ocean, shall form tlie/i7uz7 between the Rus
sian and British possessions on the continent of
America to the norilnvesi.”
These are the proofs, these the conventions which
established limits on the northwest coast of Ameri
ca between the United States and Russia in 1824,
and between Great Britain and Russia in 1825.—
'Phey are identical in object, and nearly in terms;
they grow out of the same difficulties, and termi
nate in the same way. By each the Russian claim
is confined lo the coast and the islands; by each the
same limit is given both to the United States and
G. Britain; and that limit was fixed at ;he south end
of an island, to the latitude of which (suposed to be
in 75®, but found to be in 54® 40') the Emperor
Paul had granted the privileges of trade to the
Russian American Fur Company. It was a limit
wholly in the water, not at all on the land. The
American line never touches land; the British on**
ly reaches it by going north through Portland chan
nel lo 5G^, and thence to pursue the coast at ten
leagues from il northwardly to 61®, and thence due
north to the Frozen ocean, leaving to the Russians
only the projecting pari of the continent which ap
proaches Asia and narrows the ocean into the strait
which Behring found, and which bears his name
This is the Russian line on the continent with
Greal Britain; ihe United Stales have no conti
nental line either w’ilh Russia or with Great Bri«
tain.
I have shown you the linr.its established with
Russia in 1824; I have produced the treaties which
established them; and here is a map which Illus
trates ihem, and shows every thing precisely as I
have read il from the treaties.
It is the map of Mr. Greenhovv, a clerk in the
Department of State, who, so long as he confines
himself to the business of copying maps and voy
ages, does very well; but when he goes to issuing
opinions upon national subjects and selling the world
right about the execution or non execution of a great
treaty, as that the line of forty-nine was never es
tablished under the treaty of Utrecht; when he
goes at this work, the Lord deliver us from the
humbtig. But here is the map with the lines all
right upon it, drawn in the water and along the
coast according lo the irealif^s. First, a few dots in
the water at the end of Prince of Wales island, in
latitude 51*^ 40 ; then a dotted line up north, thro’
ihe middle of Portland channel, to latitude 56; then . . ,
norihwestwardly along the coast, and len leagues J certainly want reasons for this so much comj rcssicn
“ ' now, where we offered them so much ex »aiHi
then. These reasons cannot be given. 1 lere 13
no boundary at 54" 40’; and and so far as pro-
This was her answer, refusmg to take, :i 182^^,
as a northern boundary,, corping south for juality,
what is now prescribed lo her, at the peril »f war,
for a southern boundary, with noihing noi h! for
for although the fact happens lo be that S-issia is
not there, bounding us on the north, yet that makes
no difference in the philosophy of our fify-foor-
lies, who believe il to be so,.and, on thal bi^ef, are
ready to fight. TKeir notion is, that we gio jamiip
lo 54® 40', and the Russians come jam dowi to the
same, leaving no place for the British lif/» to put
down a paw, although that paw should baiir bigger
than the sole of a dove’s fool which sougl a rest
ing place from Noah’s ark. This must »ei n a lit-
lie strange to British statesmen, who do't t grow
so fast as to leave all knowledge behindi lein.-—.
They remembered lhat Mr. Monroe and ijfit'cabinet
—the President and cabinct who acquirec||f 2 Spun-
ish title under which w’e now- propose to quetzo
them out of the continent—actually offerer^
degrees of latitude in thal very place; and j^ey fr.'l
from it, lo 61® ; and then north to ihe Frozen ocf*an
No line at all along 54®‘ 30' to the Rocky moun
tains; and that is right, for the trealies never put
one there.
And here is another map which illustrates error,
and shows you a line on paper where ihcre is none
on earth, and of which the Senate has ordered ten
thousand extra copies to be printed for the i.istruc-
tion of ihe people Here it goe«, running straight
i through from the sea lo ihe mountains, caring for
I noihing in its course—cutting lakes in two, divi-
ding neighboring posts from each other, and reck-
_ ° ° ^ c«nt ta iAttntr fil ter-Xbc**
That il pursues with undeviating fidelity; and the
engraver has marked strong on the map lhat no one
may overlook it. In all ihis there is but one fault,
and that is, there is no such thing ! no such line
upon earth! never was, and never can be, by any
principle recognised at the lime lhat »he Russian
convention of 1824 was made.
posed lo make il one, it was for the British, *nd not
for ourselves, and so ends this ledoubtable ne, up
to which all true patriots were to march I
ing, fight! and fighting, die! if need be! linging
all the while, with Horace—
Duke tt deeorum est pro patria: mart.**
Siccet and decent it is to die for one’s co
And this is the end of thal greal line! ail
vanished—evaporated into thin air—ond^il'* piaca
in that
WBS delivered of n mouse, thy nwfTip shall hence
forth be fifty-four forty » And thus, Mr, President,
I trust I have exploded one of the errors in;o which,
the public mind has been led, and which il is'neces-
sary to gel rid of before we can find the light placo
for our Oregon boundaries.
\ proceed to another of the same family—the dog.
Well, there ia no such line! and ibat would seem I of ‘ho unity and indivisibility of iU« Oregoa