Newspapers / Mecklenburg Jeffersonian (Charlotte, N.C.) / June 19, 1846, edition 1 / Page 2
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rwfcfJEr.' Hfitl ii* r'sulliu'7 rntol , V of all nr r^ne. h is ns^DinoJ hv ‘ /''■*'«■/. of Oregon ‘ be all oriH iiilc Tii liic r.’ay fiojii 42° up to 54'“^ 40' — no brrnk in ii; mil. ci.uis'! v, f'ii or r'^ytc'' is iht oi.lv Iu^.i mI 5(»! n ;oi (.ia:n» Il» i' raa ic' C‘ iv\ \Vt n, ihis ... ly be ‘'T;j ' tm'l patii . I’t IS itJ rijiM 'iS P’icJ true? we. with cte . d t -\ yjy the '.out n r 1 to con«Kj jt nee:;, 1'. ;s (1 t a unity — ihi sn bi ciilvsar' suf ! n u^(* ffroy raj.ijical di v ciun? uit'- Si |vir;ittj cor'.siiif'riiiinn coM'cit tict’S r.’.J a law ‘ipoii that [ttinci :if. niif] smd v>ur ugeisls l(*ere l it? 'J’lirtt urc the fj'ie*iious whicli pre«pn» th^nrelvcb to iny mind, nnJ in ; nswer^ jnfi^ which 1 wih to Utep b fore my eyes the first half of iho great m.ixim—ask nothing hut what is right' I atrswer. then, that it is nc* true that oiir litle t(; u n.y. is called nil Ore£or» is not one. bul fev' eral; thil it cous j-ts of parts. ai»d is good for part, lind bad for parij f.nd that nothin® just or wise can be delermmid in rti.iiion loll wHhout srparatin:; ihese parts into their proper divisicnis, and giving to cach division the sepirate consiJ'-ratiori and judg inent which belongs to il. I'hus the title to the ■'CoiurT>bia river fttid its valley wns corDplete; the claifH to F.azer’g river and its valley be^jan ; nnd ond the claim to islands and coasts rests upon a dil ferent stale of facts, and a different principle o( na tional law. from that wh'ch appli s to the continent. The title to the Columbia river and its valley rests upon discovery and sctiU .titnt, and was com- pli'te btfore t' f* nrquisiiion of ihe Spanish title in ISIO. 'i'ho cl »:(n to r’^raz^M’s river a: ^ jis val'*ey, 'r. » fr, (1,^ and in front of it, began in 1 ■ ' .11,1 rf -:« iip;jn I di'.-ov ( I it s Spa.ti?li n:iv- i'T t' s; iin J oi iij'(1 i.'Covi ! s. the :jlan'!s ;«tid the c 4.1 I ivt vt-rv d'ti‘‘rer;i d irrees of evidence lo e\S bit 1 !!)» se : ilT'I liCt t * title as (ac!s too >'>il Krj. Aiiii> - t|=iirc (l.H-nrrif n:s to pr( e them ; end ll)'* I. ) re (•* N mi* i,l oJ wi.ich shmjl i b-J ’‘Ufri-'ieiit It) X; (h*- d()i»;i! I of fiii t.fiitv 'Mid iri- >’iSibi!i:v ef iIm- (; *•;>' 0 'i'i-. It is not ••- 7 07ic t'lle*' It r-oi for all o >■ 7iOfie.' 'i’riei ar»^‘ i ieak? in it; and f’'i IV 1 Ito covt of It)*- -01. "ly. liji.j r \ ni. i jii'lL'ii.. I, 'I'hat corii-idcraii jh will b '^ivtn :.l thf [iroj;( r j.lire ; nt preS* I IlMilt invs-‘lf to the c(.-r" cti'M of tliM t rior S') widely S] rt;» J ovf.r lh( ( .u'jc. fiiinfi. tiint the Oieaoo liilc IS ull Oiit title, il ; in 4^ d* g. to /;4 !( g. 4*)’. I cofiie to ihe line of Utrerht. the rx'Stence of whirh I' fJuii'd L)j.;‘ii ihis j; )or by ?tn iio,s whose fit. .1 sft ros to be to is^scrt ilit? ex's;nce of a lirx* thill I? tint, ;u) ! tt) (i>nv llie e.xi>tfuce of ooe tfiat is A cluk in tile I )♦'j;u I iineiit of S^ate has cotnpilfd a volurT-.e of voyaL^' S nod ireaiit s, and, ondtitaliin^’ t;) «ft the world rishf, ln«i dtoi»(I ‘.hat coriimiS'arie;. v( r .-i t under th^ tn :iiy of Uti' -ht and fiX' '.’b ,>on (lari's hftw{cn lht^ British ooi the-rn Tiid French Ca • na iriii pos«e.i=-if;r»3 in Nor'h Anierica. 'J'hat deinal has Lc * n pi •diJC'd /md nrcrei!iicd on iL.a floor l>y a sm'or 01 ' I'i I LiCi*. lAI:-. Cx^.cj] nod this prorlijc- ti'Ui ijf a i;iijridcnf)g tioolf. witfi this senatoi iiiI er no lit of its a? )ti ui, l,i\s me nndrr tf:«* nrceS' j;iy correctiiio a thi. i error u hich ilio ••fiPv-four- f 11, s'’ hi];r fo ih(,‘ir b(jSon^. aii',! ihie corr« clion of which becMni(;5 n‘ce.*Siry fir th*‘ viud >’aiion of his- lorv, ihe (stabi. (im» i.i of a political ri:^ht, and ihe jn iiec'i n of ihe Sena!*' froi.'' the suspicion of i^ ;o- ranco. I rm *■ nt ti.e tin" was rsfablishrd ; that ifie coinriii."'sm ies fo t. f'nd »li I iht ir worl; j and '•••'at to v did •%•;( .?‘'i]ijirsrf (I ’’i by ail the powers in'ertsSil liom '* ■ \ »ar 1713 down to tne present lii..^, 'I'fiis is I J'ffirmaiioii; and, n\ : jpport of it. an 1 wiihfit • tlin_ anyihinsr Fai 1 hrretofore, 1 shail pro.luco some 'v proof:*, ir d take scodc lo-a posi ions, the first of wliich i:'. ihat this line was infornd bv os {wiihou; anvthinj? else but the irea'v m Utrecht to st:n'' upon) f'»r fifteen years— from 1903 to ISIS—me northern bound.i,y lin' of Louisia'ta^ and submitted lo as such by ihe B'li ish jjov'. ; nmt nt; ami Bnti?h traders thereby kept L 4*. uf our territories west of the Mississippi, while o'lr own treaties let thiir. into otir territories on this fi le of the Mvcr. In a word, 1 will show that this treaty esf Uuecht saved ns fioi,: v calamity for t'if I n yenr.«5, in nnr ticw territ _* of Louisiana, ac 1 ftom Fiance, which ihe treaty of peace of 17'3, and Mr. Jay’s treaty of 1784. e.vposed us to in our old Urrifories of the United States, conquer td for n? by our fuhers in t!je w'ar of the revolu linn, 'I’his ia mv fiisi position, :.nd this is ihe case \\ hicli sustains it. In ihn year I ir03 the United Slolrs nrquirrd Lou isiana, and v\iiii it became'a'p'lrty to all ihe treaties which concfiiu'd the boundaries of that province. ’J'he tre i'y of Utr'chl was one of lluse, and the paralU'l of foriv nine one of the lines (Stabli'hed by itf an ! governin£r its northern boundary. We soon lAd occa.^ion ft th*’ protect! la of that boundary. Span'^’' c> n.iivance and weakness bad suffered Brit* j.'h tia ieis to invad*.* the whole northern fl .k of L'uisiam. from the lake of the Woods to th.^ head waters of the Miisouri river j and on our acquisition of that province we found these traders in the actual possession of the Indian trade th >ughoul all that cxteiiSive rerri,:!!. 'I'h^se traders W’ere doin? im- TTiense mischief anionr our Indians on this si le of the Mississippi, by poisonini? th*‘ir minde and pre paring I hem for war aijainsi the United States.— 'j’he treaty peace and Mr, Jay’s treaty, under the clf lusive idea of reciprocity, them this privilege r* trade in the old i rrifories of ihe United States I'-xperi nve of Its evil efTects h.^ I laugi a lesson of \v slom; and, while vainly striving to get rid of the treaty stipulations wfiich admu'ed th»so Indians on r ’S siilo of the Mississippi ruer, the treaty of T” r c!!l vvAS eagerly seiz»^d upon to expe/ them from II I* r. Mr, (^Jreenhow'^ con.pilation w’as not |' ;! !ished at that lime, an ! Mr. Jeflersoti nnd his cabinet, proceedinrr according lo the lights of thei. Iiitio firthing candles, in the absence of hat vast luminary, just to(dc th* line of forty nil i as the l|oth rn bonmlary of Louisiana, and drove all the iinti.'h trader? lo th “ north of lhal line. "rhes« tra lers complained lo dly and appraled to tlieir jjovefom'-nt ; I ut ihe IBritish ministry, just as fiiuf-h in the dark as Mr. Jefferson nnd his c.ibinet, fetj? d to take olllcial noti ■ of ih*^ cotnplainl, onlv p-' sonle-' t nr. ifh-ially lo tne LTnited States minis l* rs in \, • ^ a ud a>ked ns a favor, nol as a ri^ht. tlieprivib-^ c. r.ouisiana sout!i of 49'^. Of courne tb.> iavur was not r^'anted; and thus British traders %'>re exrlnlfd fro’n I.,Tuisiana by the tnaty of whib’R l(ni:'»'d intoth'' old norlhT^’esi terri ^ry of Uoion r y virtue of nur treaties with Cif at Lntain. 'I'I)*' treaty of Utrecht did for ns hat oor o \ p treaties did not. And thi« was ihr ^.S“ from the year 1 the year of the ac(]ui.'*ition ^ I j'»ni'iina. nn'll th»? year of cone!udin_ e convcniinn with Cireat f^ritain which adopter line of U r^’cht as far as the Rocky mountiins ilThen, for the fir'! time, thonorthern line of L'^oisi Ifoa was agreed upon in a treaty bet'.veen the Uni* tt I S'iit«s.'id Great Britain. That rop.vemion \vn? art. rf s ter'rogation, so far rs it followed the jine of ‘-’f cht—an act of deep injury f«r os * ftoppi d it. ^I'he lin^' of 49® was jn«t as *.vt ll e?^lah- lit he * and i'JSt -x? u I| rp«norv*f ■? nnd nbser»',.J f.oni th L 1% ; ot iIk' W'»otiS lo i.id K flcy mou.aU.ins be fil re lliAl con’-'pn'ion a? after it. Nay more j it w^’S Ih-^ und-rslood 1 n"* ^ rtvveen those monntains to ’:ie fr\ rind woaUl ii.^elf h t Sf‘*‘led tfie (,)refTGri cj.ies • 1 • • C? I th. and settlfd it w-is^lv ' beneficially, if it had I I madt uy the ri:i>h M.oisters, in ISOG, to M ssrs Mr>nroeand Pmckio y ; our ’^Iini^'ers a’ lat time ^ 1 I^oti !on, nd !,, 'I em e'mi l iniLuit d t our gov •rnn.enl Ii is Ihe sutjj' cl of the comjtl ’rts of the t’ana 'a rr.' ’'^b ts miainsi ti.e Govt-rnor of L uisi- ana for e.xcl i . ig ti. i from that pro'.inc an] lh "application to the Bri’ish G )Vt:i nrr.enl i ; be r- s )red io it. 'rne whole papt r i^ in our S at*" pi* peis of tliat peri'd. arid may th-re be read at length by any one w i.o desires it. “ Extra o^cial rom.mnnirntion ^ci'h rptrnrd to the Canada I'rade."' I)pctwbef^\, 1S06. A memorial lois been presented to Lor i Hol land and Lord AukUind, on the part of the Canada merchants setlintr forth a variety of injuries which they comj)Iain of havinir pu«tained from the gov if’-'*" □ nJ .nlv ar»uin.r saaint ihe present exUlenre „,,d ! treaty with the Enuiisli in 1783 our norlli,-rn boun- geographer to |jit ,o; appiicib.lilv" of th' - boundr^ries. Lord Holland ! dary was placed at the Lake of the \\ oods, winch Wales, printed ;h "I"- V I was 1.1 latnuJe 49 de-rrees.’ ^ near Charing C»^| ris IVo.n n .■ ,.iimunirali«. 1 fact of bou.idarita fixed t,n let Ihe treaty of Utrecht, I .lesrrees , and that ihi.s was .he 'ea=on why, in our ; ly—the geograpl^c | ,^rk of Thomas J( ffreys, esq., :.i- .L- T-_ ...1 i-roo i ^ J,igijne5s the plince of ^Sorner of St. Martin’s lane, aJopted Tione of ihtse view-s; he presented the pa* Not having eeen Hutchins mentioned, or referred ;.er, wilh()Ut comment, to ihe American mmisfers, , jq Jehate, 1 have been induced to fend you 3^‘ 8^ ^ P ^ ’ho^o who. in sending il home to iheir government, char* ; iliia extract from him, and also my above memoran- p^'^porlions of ty 'omiiic a teriz-d il as an idU. pa-ptr^' and took no further no ice of it. It w»as. in fact, an idle paper, but nol quite idle enough, in any sense of the word, to de ny the w»ork of the commissaries under the treaty of Utrecht. But to go on wilh the proofs. don, A. D. 1753. I'his ould hardly curtail the fair omi|ions to whose heirapparrnt dum, to brintr the same to your notice and recollec- ; (afterw’ards Ge(|igt HI.) was addrfssmg his lion, {valeat rjuantam valere potest.'*') ; woik, thus sppn|(i *f ihe line which parts the Ijr:t* This is the letter of Mr. Pj’.kin, with the cxtracls i Hudson bay'll j Ffcnch Cana lan posics- from Mr. Pickering. It is nol the recollection of an ; sions: £ “ Beginning old man, but the writlen*down account of whal he saw and knew forty years ago, and wri'ten down In the year 1803. being tne second year after the 1 at the lime he saw il and knew’ il. It is full and acquisition of Looisian'd. f^residenl Jefferson sent complete to the poinl in qiiestion. The reference miriis'ers to Madrid, Mtssrs. James Monroe nnd Chirles Pinkney, lo adjust the eastern and south* to Hafc'rtins’s historical narrative, and topographical dfscriplion of Louisiana, is correct. Tne work is western boundaries with her; and. in doing so, ihe ' not in our library, but several friends have sent me principles which had governed the se’.tlement of the 1 copies ivis'* Inle', on Ihc ea.t con.»-t of T.,abrador or NtJW iritaio, in the latiitnle ol about 56 legrees, ani Ttr wini? it with a curve through Lake Abii/bis, iltm to the 49ih degree ol latitnde ; from thence to btc ntrnaed to the northwest ocean, as it was seltleJ b^ commissioners under the treaty of Utrechi ” in our library but sevreral friends have sent me j Je ffreys ntkf .0 ihia d Ucriplion of the Ime ol les of u from diirereni pans of the United Slates, ; Ujrechl, remarklt ion Ihe some line as la«l Jo« n , on comparison, 1 find .Mr. Pickering s extract D’Anville, :A 1 ,yal French aeoprapficr, pr.MH.i ( rnment and eervants of tlie Uni'ed Stn’esi. and nravinsi that their complainta n^ay be aitei*ded to. - , . , and redress obtained for them in the (H?cu?.?ions | northern boundary of the same province became a ; and, v... v:uo.,m. .ot..,, » . i .. ^ which are at present pending between the American proper illustration of iheir ideas. They quoted | to be corrccl lo a letter. I he reference of Mr. Pit I out what he deems •rroneou^ m it, and tak‘s credit these principles, and s^^ve the line of Utrecht as ihe j kin lo what passed, in his presence, at Mr. Jefler- ' himself in making ii more favorable lo the French example; and this to Don Pedro Cevallos, one of I son’s table, in 1806, in relation tojihe Lake of ihe j Frencii h j made it to ihemselvps. Tha and British commission#' “ The injuries brought lorward in their memorial may he reJuce(i to the three folio wing heads : L Tfieir exclusion from Tjouisiana. *• By the third article of the treaty of 1794, it is agreed that it shall al all times be free to hia Majes ty’s eubjecte and the citizens of the United S’.aies freely to pass by land, oi inland navigation into the respective tefitories and countries of the tw’o par- \ , i .t • • • r . . . . I A ■ ^ r' ..»♦! ..n trated by the stipu ations ot their most m^portanl net: OP the continent of America ana to naviiiate all * j * . . . • the most accomplished statesmen of Europe. They say lo him: “ It is believed that this principle has been ad mitted and acted on invariably since the discovery of America, in respect to their possessions there, by all the European powers. It is particularly illus- Iir^ liic UlUinilCiil Ul K\J l«.ll ; . - _ 1 , , ^ w I r freaiies concerniti2 those possessions, and the par- , - . | the lakes and waters thereol and freely to carrj on 5^,3 mark in our naliona' trad.! with each oilier ^ I «nd that of Paris in 1703. In'conformity iviih the 1 he Irealy of Lt •But I' 'withstandms t,i"> express n.„,|, ^^lide of the fir.l mcniioned treaty, (he botin- 1 doM nol know this gi dary between Canada and Lonisiana on the one | it out by tasting the intellectual crumb which ^va^done into E^ff! 'h""wirh i.Vnrnvement'' bV side, and the Hudson Day and Xorthwestern Com- | from Mr. Jellerson's table in 1806, and which Mr. i \t'1^^; ? ’ I ^ panies on the other was established by commissa- j p.;k|n has preserved for a feast this day in the A- i ^ u, whose name wlii-’h secures to his nnjeyty’s fe'.;)j;'ct.-3 without limitation or repervniion the riijii* ol commerci il in- terrouree by laml "»r inlatu! naviL'ation with ail the ten.•■'tries of the United States on tlie continent of America, the (lovernnr of has thoujht prnper to txclnde thetn from the connntree of I'mt e.//e;?stre 7>7or///ee, uii'"5^6 they abjure their alleg'- >’r)t'e tn hif? majr-ftty, ami fake ar o ah of allegiance to the United States ; and ti-f* ean>e Governor h;i« a'r.o t 'ken i' upon him to prohibit ihc introduction ot any gooi*? or r!le^ehaIuii^e which are not the pro perty of citiz *na of the United States. ‘‘TI IS arbitrary proeeediuLT. I>esides being a di- rert vijlation of the trei^ty of 1701, it i.-a liiifhly de trimental to the private interest o! the Can.ola rner- -hants, tor it ex.dudes them I’roin a coiintry where they have been carrying ( n trade successfully for many yc.ars u iihout liiterruption Irom the Spaniards, havirtg latterly pushed th#**- coininereial j)osts even to ih'banlis of the Ivlisv~ iri,‘''.nd augmenie 1 the sal'- of the jioods in Luuisiaiui to the amount of about forty or filiy thousand pounds annually.” 'I'tiis i? the cool plaint—exclu.'ion from Louisiana • V the U ilted States £T^vernor of that province — We lock poss siion ol Uj'per Louisiana in March, ISU4 ; the con plaii t was made in Lou'fon in 1F06; Ci>nse(]uentlV, th(^ e-xclusion ’vas enforced very soon after we look pfssession. 'I’he q'lestion now is, npfin what Hnihorjty did the governor act in mak- inrj V is exclosio , and lo what line did he ext- rid it? Djul'JiSS by order of his ovvn government; but il !•« fjood to be certain; and in the case of Mr Gri *’nhow’s ovrrshadow mg aulhorily, backed as it is by the senator fium Michigan, it becorns n cessary to prove everything, even tliat a governor of upp* r fjouisiana had the authority of his l’ u'ornment for the boundaiifs his province. Fuilunat(ly the tirsl governor of upper Louisiana wa> a man o‘ letters as %ve!l ns of the swoid, and employed his I. istire h./U'-s in drawing up a history cf tfie coun try whicfi ho was sent to govern It was Major Vinos Stoddard, w't 0 aftei waids lost his life at Fori iVleig? luring ihe late war with (jire?* f^iitain.— (n h'S useful work, n>odesily c.illpr! Sii-4ti>-hAs f>f Louisiana," he thus speaks of ihe northern boun dary of his province: Th;' conimerce of Crozat, by the terms of the patent extended to the utmost limit of Louisiana in that quarter; which, by the treaty of Utrecht, was fixed al tlie 40th det^ree.” This is Majar Stoddarl’s account of this northern boundary, and of ihe line from which and by whi^'h he excluded iJriiish traders from Louisiana. He did il b^^ virtue of the line of U'rechi; anJ no Brit ish minister in lhal day d*id or would deny its ex istence, or impugn its validity. Lords Holland and Aukland, lo w’hom ihe complaint of Canadian merchants was made, refused to present it officially lo our ministers. 'I'hey do not, in fart, npnear lo have spoken .1 w’ord on the subject, or done any thing more than present ihcir memorial to our min isters. C' rtain il is, the complaint remained with out redress. But the efTorfs of the Biltlsh fur traders did not stop al this repulse. I’he n xt year the Earl of Selkiik, head of the Hudsor» Bay Company, went to London to renew the complaint of the fur traders in a more f^Dimal manner, and to claim iheir resio ration to ?5ie privileges of trade within the limits of Louisiana. That geruleman, as h'>ad of ihe Hud s in Bay Company— is founder of the colony on Lake Winipie—as the person n»osl itqured by the exclusion of B itisfi traders from Louisiana—ought to know something about his o'vn rights and w'ronjrs; and in b-inging these befire the British ministry for redress, ought to be supposed lo state his case ns strong I3’ as truth an^ justice wou Id allow'. He dors so; but not strongly enough lo deny the fact of the line of 49 degrees under the treaty of Utrecht. That line was doing him all the mischief: the short remedy was to deny its existence if it could be denied. On the conliary, he admits the fact of fs)rmer existence, and only argues against present existence, and presetii applicability. His argument is, fir^t, that the treaty of Uirechi was not reviv( d by ihe treaty of Amiens, of 1801 ; and. therefore, that il was abrogatetl by war; p.cid scrr^id li/, that the long occupation of the St. Peter’s river, and of the Missouri above ihe Mandan villajifs. without objection from the Spaniards, was an ad mission of their rij:ht lo trade in Louisiana, and should be conclusive upon the United Stales. In a memorial to Lord Holland ui 1807, he presen's thfse views al much length, and sustair^s them by arguments, of which these are specimens: “ Understanding tl a \ - 11 are at preeent engaged in settling with the Ar'erican plenipotentiaries the boundaries detween the province ol Louifiana and the British American domir ions, I beg leave fo call your'’ttention to some puggeetions. ♦ * * To th' upper part of MI'^souri, Britain has a prefer able claim. About latilude 47 tfie British traders, coining in froni the Hudson Bay territories main- • ; ined a tr tiiu- wit! ' Mandan Indians. Theee traders were the firs? 1 .i-' peans who obtained any 1 nowledge of the soun*» of the Miss -uri, and they i. ?d laiil down the c . >3 e*’ that -^iver from the Man Ians, up to the R c»%y niountains, w’ith great minuteness, many years before the journey of Messrs. Lewi.-; and Clarke. Tl«c riaim ol’ Great "rita;n to ihf upper Missouri country is equally alid. and rests on the same gronn»i as iier claim to \ootka sound, and the country west of ihe Kocky mountains, on llie Pacific ocean. ^ ^ 'I’here are abundance oi ’’roun'- denying ’hat there are any rights i i.u An.e. .can governn'ent f'^und iis claim on the stipu'aiions ot the tr* aty f Utrecht. * * » '1 he s'ipulatior s of the treaty of Utiecht. as to the limits of tfie Hud son Bay territories, dc not bear at all upon the ques- tio'*. Tbe linu's fix»*d by thai trcatv 'vtre for Can- a(fn. nol Lo -i ii.na. ♦ ♦ ♦ A'low me only briefly to observe that the treaty ol I.’trecht. not lipvintr been rep \ved at the peace of Anjiens. W'on^ riot hav • ocrr iv ''ib't even f Franre, il she had remained ai j tu '» ^wih us and in possession ol Louisiana.*’ Woods, recalls a factivhich oiiahi to be taught in ; 49 ^ ^^ean is his li»'^‘ «>* Ihe schools, to the little cirls, in iheir tiny geogra. ^ poss*',n. phies, instead ol being dispmed by bearded men m j teen furnished the American Senate. 1 hat lake, for an hundred j Anion.- these 1 most ac- .nd thirty years, has been a landmark among na- |n„^.|edge the ki> ,ess of Mr Edmund J. Forsiall, lions; for more than fi.xty years-from Ihe dale of Orleant, ; man ol 1.lUrs. and vvho sends our national exislence-it has been a prominent j ^ j r>ic- boun aries. i . . i tionary, which, in icl, is the dictionary of Savary, Ltrechl made it so! and he tha | j„3p,„o, ^ „,„„„fac>iir.s and com- ’ merce in ihetinlbt Louis XV. and whose worJ: rie:J, bv a line to conunence at a cape or proruonlo- ry on the ocean, in 53 degrees 31 minutes north hiti- | fude ; to run thence, southwestwardly, to latitude | 40 deirrees north from the equator ; and along that ; ^ , t-. i i • • • r line indefinitely w’csiward. Sincc that time, no at- 1 bour.«; nol for ihe B'jrijundy. which was, in fact — preserved for a feast this day merican Senate. Mr. Jeflerson’s table w’as one al which something else besides the body was fed. 1 was never al il but once, and ihen I sat there five tempt hai5 been matle to exten»l the limits of Louisi an.i or Canada to the north of that line, or of those companies to tlie soidh of it. by purchase, conquest, or grants from the Indians.” This is what ^Tessrs Alonroe and Charles Pink ney said lo Dan Pedre Cevallos—a minister who must be supposed to be as well acquainlt-d with the treaties which s-'iilcd the boundaries of the late Spanish province of Louisiana as we are with the ir«alies which sttilethe boundaries of the United States. The line of Utrecht, and in the very words which carry il from the Lake of the Woods lo the Pacific ocean, and wliich confine the British lo the north, and the French nnd Spanish lo the south of that line, are quoted to Mr. Cevallos as a fac’. which he and all the world knew. Ho received it as such ; and thus Spanish authority comes in aid of British. F'rench. and American, lo vindicate our rights and the truth of history. Mr. l^resident, when a m?tn is struggling in a iust cause, he generally gets help, and often from unforeseen und unexpected quarters. So it has happened with me in ihis afTiir of the Utrecht Irea* ty. A great many hands have hastened lo bear evi dence of the Iriilh in this case; and, al head of these oppoiltme tfs'imonies, I place the j“tler of a gentleman, who, besides his o vn greal aulhorily. ;ives a reference to another, who, from his long po litical position in our country, the pow'ers of his mind, arrd ihe habits of his life, happens lobe, of all living men, the one who can shed most light upon the subject. I speak of Colonel 'J'imothy Picker ing—the friend and companion of Washington— his quartermaster jjcneral durinor jhe w'ar of the re volulion — his Postmaster General, Secretary of War, and .Secretary of Stale, during his presidency —a member of this body al the time the treaty was ratified which made us a party of the treaty of Utrecht—and always a man to consi(JK3r and lo un derstand w^hal he was about. In fact, Washington wanted no other sort of men about hir\i. The wri* ter of the letter, ('Fimoihy Pitkin, author of ihe work on statistics,) on rchding some account of the talk here about the treaty of Utrecht, and seeing what lack of informntion was in the American Sen* ate, wrote a letter to a member of this body, [Mr. WEnsTF.R.] to give him his memoranda of the trea ty some forty years ago. This letter Is an invalua ble testimony of the events to v.!iicfi il relates; it combints the testimony of two eminent men; and I send it to tlie secretary’s table to be read. Il is daled Uiica, New York, April 9, 1846: “I perceive by the debates in the Senate on the 0'’e£rofi question, that, in the derision of' this impor tant subject, no little stress i.=3 laid by some of' its members on the line settled between France and FiULrland, under the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, and that by others it is contended ihat no evidence actu ally e.xists that such a selllemenl was made under that treaty. “ I was somew’hat surprised that General Cass should have ventured, in a public speech lo have placed himself among the latter upon the statements of Mr. Greenhovv, a clerk in the Department of State. I have for a long time considered that this line was adjusted by commissisnariea appointed un der that treaty; and in reading the speeched of Mefsrs. Cass and Benton, and your own significant ! qu(slio7is on the subject. 1 thought proper lo exam- j ine my documents and meniorandurns for some j proof of the opinion I had thus formed. On such j exaniination I found the following extract on this subject from Mr. Hutchins’s His'orical Narrative and Topographical description of Louisiana and West Florida, printed at Philadelphia in 17S1. “ Al'ter stating the grant to Crozot, of Louisiana, flut liit)s. vvho was then, I believe, geographer to the United States, proceeds to say : ‘As to Canada or New'France, the French Court i\ould scarcely admit if had any other northern boundary than the whai a certain American nufiistMr said of the king of Portugal’s dinner—cxcelle7it,'^ but for the con* versaiion, which was divine. And now I will say that I saw Mr. Pickering once, and under circum stances to remember him also. Il w’as at the extra session of Congress, in 1813—he a member of the House of Representatives, 1 a looker-on from the hot and sufTocating gallery, better paid for my suf- ferance than those who a-e listening to me now'. 1 saw an aged man always in his seat, ahvays alien* English readers, "'his dtctiot>ary of S.>vary coiv- tains, m the body the woik, the JescriptKm of iho Utrecht line as sho n on ifie maps, and ihus gfvts authority for what ppears there. Another contiibi: ion. w hich 1 have pleasure to acknow’h'dje, is f* rn a gtntlrman of BaI’inior»»j formerly of thenfvinse of Uf-pr* s» ntat»v» s. (Mr. Kennedy.) whtii f ves me an e.xtraci Irom the Journal of the Brili h Hous»* of Commons, M uch 5lh. 1714. direciing ^ writ to he issm d for t'h c’ing ^ burgess in Ihe plac of Fr Inck H''rn‘‘, ♦ s}. w he* since histiection, h: h acceptc l, as the Journal sav--*, the oflice of one o his maj. sty’s com nissar s for treating vviih comm sari«s on the p;irt of France ?r»r settling the trade bet vetn Great Bntam and France. oc urs al the saow ti;nf \\ iih r a- live, aUvavs rcsp^ciful. 1 he decorum of his con- duel struck me; I in,|.iired his name; 't l«rneJ out | ^ rsn , and Sir .l..-ph .Mai- 10 be one who h id been fo.mfd in the school ol , The lenlh art-le ol Ihe ireaiy of Tir, ehl an- Washington, of who.m I knew but ill e up lo lhal i ^ ^ * ,r i » . t , I plies to i:mils in Jn rth An>erica, the eh v« nrr; an.I lime but throufjh the.medium of parly w’aichwords. r-r,^ ,i , - , I , , r L II nfle»r.tn to comrner >; and tro se commissa ru s w»>r» and o whom 1 then said, lhal if events should ev. , ,„„]er SOI. • or all of lh..e -;rncl.s. Oth er make me a member of Congress, I thoulu love ; ,.,3 ,ppoi,„ed by the Ki„s. and n, t to iinilale the drcoium. jnulionid in the jou nals. as nol bi ins; im iiihi r* n/ The line of Utrecht is termed, by Mr. Picker- j PrtrliaiDenl who3»; acated scats wt re to be fil!. ,! ing an “ imagiyiary'' line, 'i’hal is correct. It ' \\\ ihree of the art ;hs of the treaty were .qnaPy was never run. 1 he treaty required it to be de | obligatory for ihe «p .oiNtment of commissar ie> ; an.] termi7iedand it was determined by astronoiuical here is prot)f lhal il ree were nppL'intcd under the points and lints and by geographical features—.the j commercial articfes. highlands parting two systems of waters—those of j Hudson’s Bay and ihose of the Canadian lakes.-;- j And here I will sav there were two sels of boun-1 „.|„ch tonk pi ire m daries tobe established under ihis s>ime treaty of ] Utrecht: one on the norm of Canada which was I, . , , I J . ^ ! treaty, and afterJ|h done as staled wilhin ihe year l,miled| ihe o'her on , Ihe south of Canada between Acadia and the Bn-1 tish colonish on the Aflantic, for which no time vvas jjj ^ ^nd One more pieco of testimony nr.d I have (fonr*. Arid, first, a little S't emenl to infroduce jt. We ali treaty was ratifi*d and^ pa^i ade of a ceitain mat called the ad belon^fd to if>c ate kiOLT, ^ r J --.-M unjT in fiis library doiini: l»i.s united, and winch was iiever done. Confounamg , (., i ,v r «r ’ r. . 1 iifetnne, and afierwirds in ttie I >renj n (due**, irr-ni these two sfts of boundaiies. one of which w’as de- i u ^ -t i . . t » t . , .11 which saifJ office in said mat) ^ihn'iv insanncarcd lermmed and the otfier not, may nave,led some , . .l . r.L * i i . . ' i i ... , . . - . . i about the lime or tn Asljbuiton in .itv. a.-xi u fiicli minds inio error—ihose minds which cannot apply i „.k c..i ... • I certainly was not 6 :>re our b» nate at the time or wort slot mgs. ^ ^ ratification of I »l treaty. Well, the member Mr. Pitkin, in this letter, speaks of a long com- ; vvho mentioned ii i Pa. liament said there was a munication made by Col. Pickerino; on the 18th of ! s,rong red line up) * it, about the troth of an .nch w'ritin?: is O line of the treaty of on the Brilish side, January, 1804, to. Mr. Jeflcrson when the treaty of Mr. King w’as under consideration, and after the purchase of LouisiarTa. W^ithout doubt lhal was the identical paper transmittal by Mr. Midison to Mr. Monroe, with his official dtspalch tor lhal ijnn ister of February 14th, 1884. as “ a paper statiyig the authority 07i which the decision of the C07j7mis- I sioncrs U7ider the treaty of Utrecht rests, a?id the \ what I ^ rcaso7}i7ig opposed, to the co7istrnctio7i making the !,i * i k «i A^th degree of latitude the norther7i bovndar7/ of \ naap. j Louisiana 1 mentioned thal paper once before, W’hen il was pretty well cried down by tfie senator from Michigan, [.Mr. Cass] 1 mention it now again, under better auspices, and with hopes of bel ter results. The author is found, and found w'here he otjghl to be, among those who fearfd the effect of rejectinjT the fifth article of Mr. Rufus King’s treaty of 1803. 'J'hat treaty stilled our whole northern boundary with Great Britain, from Passa mavuoddy bay to the Lake of the Woods, and lo the w’ide, running all«J*)g where the Americans saj I the true boundars# »ms, with thtse won.'.s wti'ter* along it in four jd :es in Kincr Icori;/s hanil. vnbCs line, " mcanini^, it is iho ^ace neootiatcd by Mi ()> walj nd ihtTvfore called (hicalfi\ to ?ay i« tiiis: 'rhat win ne»'er n>erge finni ir« retreat and re sume its place in ih Foreign ()llice. on it wjll bo fbtmd another strong' red line, about :he t* nth of a?j inch wide, in another place, wiffi th* .• Wf»rrh wrir- i ten on it: Boundar s belwfcu tjo* Binish nnd j French possessions ii America fi rf,/ t.fi (nudy of ilrerht.^' To cn ipltle this Iasi and cn,'\nin'^ * • • • piece of If stimony, I lave lo add thal th«> evd* ncc lofit is in the O part muI of State, as is m arlv the j w hole of the evidtnc.e w hich 1 have ns'd »r» cru'-u- I in? this int rrection "ifns yiJ I lUlttnr rr- , , M- • .. rr u * I f -. u . , hellioa^—afjainsl lb« ilruth and inap^rv rd fxjiory head of the Mississippi; Ihe hith article of It brought , . - . ■ • • i » i n - Ti.o !..i 1 beemnmn: wi i a clerk m ‘he I>-pa.fmenl of State, spread lo all le orijans, bi2 anil Inii**; th» ij the line from the lake by the shorirst course lo the Mississippi; it closed up the long standing contro versy about the course of lhal line. Now, it hap pened that the treaty for the purchase of Louisiana was nego’iated in Paris at)out the same lime that Mr. King’s treaty was negotiated in London, and W’lthout his know’hdfre. 'I'he ‘wo treaties ar* rived in the United Stales together—went to the the Senate together, with a strong recommendation reached the Senate of he Unii* d S'at'S, h j J divj ed empire in ihisclrai for four months, and n.i.v dies the death of tha f liculous. 1 have now got to ’ e end of the error? wfnch T propose to correct lit th pres^^n ttime. I hav** consum ed the day in ?ettinf 'eady lo speak’ — in cieaiuig away the rubbish wh h had been pihd up m rny path. On another ll|[' if ihe S* nate will in !ul;^; from Mr. Jeflerson to reject the fifth article of Mr. j . . . King’s treaty, because the acquisition of Louisiana ^ " to wotit n the ()te_»on (pnsti >rj, ;,nil gave us a new line from the Lake of the W'oods j endeavor to show ha v ir we shall be rifjht. and how w’hich would run clear north of ihe head of the ! wrpi . m exerci'in;j the jorisdjc- Mississippi, preventing the British from getting fo j " ich this f id propos. s ^ w bjch the river, and thereby renderino; nunatory the trpa not a copy o^ the Br act, but uoes far bevor ! ty stipulations of 1783 and 1794 w hich gave them !'•) w»» a rifrht to its navigation. j there are confli - mg claims. L-^hi upon thu point, al thij time. rn«> le of service t;> f;ur country, The maintenance of this new' line, which w’a? ; -and I mf’an lo dischirt * my duty lo her, r gaid« pole. The avidity ol G.-eal Britain was equal; but ^ot only to protect the Mississippi river, but „;! ' ■"J' “’'‘J France, havincr been unfortunate in the war of 1710, i t • r r> u • * ■ hss of all cons((luencf in mvself. 1 njin. c, iicT net II ui.iiM iiiiioi n. tin. «cn w i.i , , J ntiisi.Tn.i from Hriti.sh mTres5ron W’as a nninarv’ • the northern boundary of Canada was hxed by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It assigns Xeu> Britain and. iludcon's Bay, on the north of Ca7iada^ to G. Br tain ; and commissioners alterwards, on both sides, ascertained the limits by an imaginary line running from a cape or pro>no7itorrj in New Britain, on the Atlantic ocean, in*fd'ty tlegrees thirty min utes north latitude ; then southwest lo the Lake Misjrasing, or Mislassin ; from thence further foulh* west direct to the latitude of forty-nine degrees.— All the lands to the north ot ihe imaiiinary line be ing ns.= igned to Great Britain, and all southward of that line, as far as ihe rivtr St. Lawrence, to the B'rench. “ ‘ Tliepe were at lhat time,’ he adds, ‘ the true limits of Louisiana and Canada, Crozet’s Grant not subsisting long after the death ot Louis XIV.’ The above extract i* taken from a lonu commu nication made to Mr. Jefferson, by Col. Pickering, on the ISih of January, 1804, when the treaty of Mr. King, and of boundaries, was under considera tion ; and. of course, after our purchase of Louisi ana. I presume, therefore, it is correct, though re lative to Kioto’s treaty some difference of opinion existed between Jefferson and Pickering. I have been enable, in this place, to have access to this work of Hutchins ; it was. no doubt, well known lo Mr. Jeflerson. ‘‘ I am not able fo inform you whether he answer ed in writing, the above communication of Colonel Pickering ; but from bis declarations made to me and others, on the 23d of January, 1806, he then fully believed this line to have been thuseeitled, in pursuance cf tlie treaty of Utrecht. *• Al that time, conversing wirh me and others, at a dinner j arty, on the favorite subject of Lewis Sc Clarks expethlion to the Pacific, he declared, (ac cording lo my memorandum made al the time,) ‘ lhat by the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, between the English and French, the Hii^ betwe Louisiana, from British ingressron w’as a piimary object of Mr. Jeflerson; and for thal purpose the rej^^clion of the fifth article of Mr King’s treaty be came indispensable. The New England senators dreaded the loss of the whole irealy. if the fifth ar. 'What ire are—Th^t country has a frontinr |jr>n of more than 10 000 n» l^s. ^V'e have a line r*f coast of nearly 4 0^.M3 fiilps; a lake coa«t of I tide W’as expunged : nine of them voted agafnstthe ! uiiles. One of our iaiji'^nse rivets is twice ih striking out; nnd il was while this treaty was under the Danube, the river in Lurope. 'i'ha consideration in the Senate tha*. Mr. Pickerinjy. one | Ohio is 600 mihs hmgif than the lifiine. Hn ] iho of Ihe nine, communicated this paper lo Mr. Jeffer- ! Hudson has a navigatipi of 120 rnib s h)n2er ihan son, not al all denying the 49th parallel as the line j*^he Thaujes. J'he State of \ irr/mia i'? i\ of Utrecht, but arguing against the construction »hird lareor lhan Ohio contains which would now make lhal line the northern boun- 000 acrcf more lhan ^r.l-ind from .Maine to (_>hia dary of Louisiana. 'J'he t^'nor of his argument is is farther than from tj~, l^n to Ctmstanfinople. nnU not given; possibly the Earl of Selkirk fell upon 'so we niighl go on and fiH P-^C^s, erjumeratmi; d s- some parts of il m his memorial to Lord Holland. ; tances, rivers, lakes, bays, w ith compara' when he suppospd it to be abrogated by war. and , live csiimales of siz»*, p ver, and populuiicn. superseded by the connivance of the Spaniards in > ’ ~— permitting ihe British lo occupy the whole lefi flank I “ Bid"—An Indy Ihp other day, in of Louisiana as low down in place? as 45®. Mr. ' her fare on the H roiUoa lcars, was hand- JefTerson adhered to his new line. The fifth article |,.d"a briaht* Mexican f Har of recent coinaaf. was struck out. 'i'he whole treaty was risked and \]r. Marks, the agent, |r n*.aking change forbill lost, and it was forty years afterwards, and we all She looked at the dolp* (or an instant, and then know with whal angry discussions, wi:h whal dan- • handed it back. ^ W’’h?a is the matter, good la iy?’' gers of war, will what expense of money in calling Kaid Mr. Mark?. “ Du’t you iil^e the monev?'' out troops, this Ion? contested boundary was al last | “ No I don’t,” was the ins'ver. “And w-hy not? established. All this was risked, all this was en-j ig jt not good?” said Mr Maiks. Vou see’'5,,-,i countered, lo save the line of Utrechi! Vet we i^e old lady, “ w’e’ve go^ into a war with the *Me ^ now find thal line denied, and all Ihe oreans, grfat | ^nd their money von’t be good for noth^* and small, blowing away wiih might and main lo ; now.” Mr. Marks put »he Mexican shiner in swell the loud notes of denial, and lo drown the pocket, and handed h 3 cu«iomer a one voice which speaks un for ihe truth Several copies of Hulchin’s geographical work ;\farks passed along, have been sent to me,nil containing the words trans cribed by Mr. Pickering. Other works sKso have been sent me. I have more material on band then promise to pay.’' Bl® Was satisfied dollar and Mr e snu It is said that ther^is t place on the Island of tobacco, and the turkicd iV6 don t believe it.
Mecklenburg Jeffersonian (Charlotte, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
June 19, 1846, edition 1
2
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